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Curriculum Vitae Dr. Ofira Gruweis-Kovalsky Contact: Kefar Tabor P.O.B 256 Israel 15241 Home Tel: 972- 4- 6765634. Mobile: 972
1 Curriculum Vitae Dr. Ofira Gruweis-Kovalsky Contact: Personal details: Kefar Tabor P.O.B 256 Israel 15241 Citizenship: Israeli Home Tel: 972- 4- 6765634. Languages: Hebrew and English Mobile: 972-52-3553384 E-mail: [email protected] [email protected] Academic rank Senior Lecturer, Zefat Academic College, Israel (2017- present) Associate researcher Herzl Institute University of Haifa, Israel (2009-present) Associate researcher at the HBI Brandeis University, USA (2015-present) Adjunct lecturer, MA and BA programs in Israel Studies, University of Haifa, Israel (2010–present). Lecturer, Zefat Academic College, Israel (2014-2017) Education 2009-2010: Post Doc. Department of Geography and Environment, Bar-Ilan University, Israel, "The History of Jerusalem as Israel Capital City". 2009: PhD, Summa cum Laude. 'Land of Israel Studies' Dept., University of Haifa. "The Vindicated and the Persecuted": Myth, Ritual, and Propaganda in the Herut Movement 1948-1965. 2006: MA, Magna cum Laude. 'Jewish History' Dept., University of Haifa. 'The Myth of the Altalena Affair and the Herut Movement'. 1980: BA, Jewish History Dept. and Land of Israel History Dept., Tel Aviv University. Israel. Certificates Mediator, Emek Yizrael Academic College, Israel (1999). Archive manager, Tel Hai Academic College and the Israel National Archives (1994). 2 Scholarly Positions: Head of the general studies division, Multidisciplinary Department, Zefat Academic College, Israel (2018-present) Senior Lecturer, Multidisciplinary Department, Zefat Academic College, Israel (2017-present) Lecturer, Multidisciplinary Department, Zefat Academic College, Israel (2014 -2017) Adjunct lecturer, Land of Israel Studies Dept., Jewish History Dept., University of Haifa. MA and BA programs (2010–present). Assistant editor, Ze’ev Jabotinsky's Ideological Writings. -
Inequality, Identity, and the Long-Run Evolution of Political Cleavages in Israel 1949-2019
WID.world WORKING PAPER N° 2020/17 Inequality, Identity, and the Long-Run Evolution of Political Cleavages in Israel 1949-2019 Yonatan Berman August 2020 Inequality, Identity, and the Long-Run Evolution of Political Cleavages in Israel 1949{2019 Yonatan Berman∗ y August 20, 2020 Abstract This paper draws on pre- and post-election surveys to address the long run evolution of vot- ing patterns in Israel from 1949 to 2019. The heterogeneous ethnic, cultural, educational, and religious backgrounds of Israelis created a range of political cleavages that evolved throughout its history and continue to shape its political climate and its society today. De- spite Israel's exceptional characteristics, we find similar patterns to those found for France, the UK and the US. Notably, we find that in the 1960s{1970s, the vote for left-wing parties was associated with lower social class voters. It has gradually become associated with high social class voters during the late 1970s and later. We also find a weak inter-relationship between inequality and political outcomes, suggesting that despite the social class cleavage, identity-based or \tribal" voting is still dominant in Israeli politics. Keywords: Political cleavages, Political economy, Income inequality, Israel ∗London Mathematical Laboratory, The Graduate Center and Stone Center on Socio-Economic Inequality, City University of New York, [email protected] yI wish to thank Itai Artzi, Dror Feitelson, Amory Gethin, Clara Mart´ınez-Toledano, and Thomas Piketty for helpful discussions and comments, and to Leah Ashuah and Raz Blanero from Tel Aviv-Yafo Municipality for historical data on parliamentary elections in Tel Aviv. -
“It's the National Ethos, Stupid”! – Understanding the Political
International Journal of Social Science Studies Vol. 4, No. 7; July 2016 ISSN 2324-8033 E-ISSN 2324-8041 Published by Redfame Publishing URL: http://ijsss.redfame.com “It’s the National Ethos, Stupid”! – Understanding the Political Psychology of the Israeli 2015 Elections Using Data from the National Resilience Survey Eyal Lewin1 1Ariel University, Israel. Correspondence: Eyal Lewin, Ariel University, Israel. Received: May 9, 2016 Accepted: May 26, 2016 Available online: May 31, 2016 doi:10.11114/ijsss.v4i7.1651 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/ijsss.v4i7.1651 Abstract From a socio-political point of view, the results of the Israeli 2015 elections reflect an ongoing stagnation that is described in detail in this research. This stagnation is often explained by theories of social collective identities. However, none of the theories examines how group identities are created. Consequently, this study explains how different forms of national ethos shape political identities and interweave with them. Relying on a wide set of data from the National Resilience Survey launched by the National Security Studies Center at Haifa University, this research examines the way Israeli political parties differ according to voters' attitudes on matters of national ethos. The findings show how opposing parties correspond with the two distinct forms of national ethos. However, the data also reveals that the ethos clash is not necessarily a dichotomy, but rather a continuum where various parties are located along a spectrum between the poles. Keywords: group identity, national ethos, voter behavior, political stagnation, republicanism, liberalism. 1. Introduction A friend of mine called me excitedly on the morning of March 17, 2015. -
Israel in the Occupied Territories Since 1967
SUBSCRIBE NOW AND RECEIVE CRISIS AND LEVIATHAN* FREE! “The Independent Review does not accept “The Independent Review is pronouncements of government officials nor the excellent.” conventional wisdom at face value.” —GARY BECKER, Noble Laureate —JOHN R. MACARTHUR, Publisher, Harper’s in Economic Sciences Subscribe to The Independent Review and receive a free book of your choice* such as the 25th Anniversary Edition of Crisis and Leviathan: Critical Episodes in the Growth of American Government, by Founding Editor Robert Higgs. This quarterly journal, guided by co-editors Christopher J. Coyne, and Michael C. Munger, and Robert M. Whaples offers leading-edge insights on today’s most critical issues in economics, healthcare, education, law, history, political science, philosophy, and sociology. Thought-provoking and educational, The Independent Review is blazing the way toward informed debate! Student? Educator? Journalist? Business or civic leader? Engaged citizen? This journal is for YOU! *Order today for more FREE book options Perfect for students or anyone on the go! The Independent Review is available on mobile devices or tablets: iOS devices, Amazon Kindle Fire, or Android through Magzter. INDEPENDENT INSTITUTE, 100 SWAN WAY, OAKLAND, CA 94621 • 800-927-8733 • [email protected] PROMO CODE IRA1703 The Last Colonialist: Israel in the Occupied Territories since 1967 ✦ RAFAEL REUVENY ith almost prophetic accuracy, Naguib Azoury, a Maronite Ottoman bu- reaucrat turned Arab patriot, wrote in 1905: “Two important phenom- W ena, of the same nature but opposed . are emerging at this moment in Asiatic Turkey. They are the awakening of the Arab nation and the latent effort of the Jews to reconstitute on a very large scale the ancient kingdom of Israel. -
Israel's Security in a Two-State Reality
Israel’s Security in a Two-State Reality Israel’s Security in a Two-State Reality Research and writing by Dr. Omer Einav Research direction by Dr. Avner Inbar and Prof. Assaf Sharon Translation by Michelle Bubis © 2020 Molad - the Center for the Renewal of Israeli Democracy Ltd. (CIC). All rights reserved. [email protected] February 2021 We thank the various experts who gave interviews for the study. We also thank Avishay Ben Sasson-Gordis and Shai Agmon for their insightful comments. References are hyperlinked to improve readability. A comprehensive list of sources appears at the end. This publication was produced with the financial support of the European Union. Its contents are the sole responsibility of Molad and do not necessarily reflect the views of the European Union. This project is co-funded by the European Union 4 Contents Introduction: Security Concerns as a Key Argument against an Israeli-Palestinian Peace Deal 5 1. The Illusion of the Status Quo 12 2. An Overview of the Proposed Security Arrangements 14 3. The Chief Concern: Can the Palestinians Be Trusted? 17 4. Possible Threats and Responses 24 5. The Myth of the Settlements’ Contribution to Security 32 6. Why a Peace Deal Will Improve National Security 35 7. Conclusion 37 References 39 5 Introduction: Security Concerns as a Key Argument Against an Israeli-Palestinian Peace Deal Since the Israeli-Palestinian conflict began more than 100 years ago, various solutions have been proposed to end it, some of which have also been attempted – yet all to no avail. The only coherent, detailed and applicable proposal is to partition the land into two states, for the two peoples who live on it: a Jewish state and a Palestinian state. -
CANDIDATES, PARTIES and BLOCS Israel in the 1990S
02 Arian (JB/D) 5/10/01 11:36 am Page 689 PARTY POLITICS VOL 7. No.6 pp. 689–710 Copyright © 2001 SAGE Publications London Thousand Oaks New Delhi CANDIDATES, PARTIES AND BLOCS Israel in the 1990s Asher Arian and Michal Shamir ABSTRACT The Israeli party system, its parties and its voters, have undergone tremendous change. From a stable dominant party system through a competitive two-bloc system, it finds itself in the 1990s in a state of dealignment, with weakening parties, loosening party ties, fragmen- tation, growing volatility and frequent turnover in government. The combination of electoral reform, which instituted direct elections of the Prime Minister, new voting groups, and international shifts exacerbated in Israel the processes which characterize all Western democracies. While the party system and the parties are in disarray, candidates, issues and the political blocs of left and right grow in importance. KEY WORDS Ⅲ dealignment Ⅲ Israel Ⅲ issue voting Ⅲ left–right blocs Political systems change, and they change in complex ways. Just as a range of factors affects the decision of the individual voter, myriad forces drive the transformation of a society and its political system. The rules of the game may be altered; new groups of voters may emerge; international or econ- omic shifts may present new challenges. Were one to seek an apt site and an appropriate setting to study these matters, the choice of the 1999 elections in Israel would be most felicitous. Some observers, especially in the foreign media, interpreted the election of Ehud Barak as prime minister as a fundamental sea change in Israeli priorities and belief patterns. -
Inequality, Identity, and the Long-Run Evolution of Political Cleavages in Israel 1949-2019 Yonatan Berman
Inequality, Identity, and the Long-Run Evolution of Political Cleavages in Israel 1949-2019 Yonatan Berman To cite this version: Yonatan Berman. Inequality, Identity, and the Long-Run Evolution of Political Cleavages in Israel 1949-2019. 2020. halshs-03022224 HAL Id: halshs-03022224 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-03022224 Preprint submitted on 24 Nov 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. WID.world WORKING PAPER N° 2020/17 Inequality, Identity, and the Long-Run Evolution of Political Cleavages in Israel 1949-2019 Yonatan Berman August 2020 Inequality, Identity, and the Long-Run Evolution of Political Cleavages in Israel 1949{2019 Yonatan Berman∗ y August 20, 2020 Abstract This paper draws on pre- and post-election surveys to address the long run evolution of vot- ing patterns in Israel from 1949 to 2019. The heterogeneous ethnic, cultural, educational, and religious backgrounds of Israelis created a range of political cleavages that evolved throughout its history and continue to shape its political climate and its society today. De- spite Israel's exceptional characteristics, we find similar patterns to those found for France, the UK and the US. -
Israel BP Proof
THE ROYAL INSTITUTE OF Middle East INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS Programme Briefing Paper No. 3 MARCH 2003 Doves Vote Hawk: The January 2003 Elections in Israel Yossi Mekelberg Introduction Israeli elections are not renowned for producing conclusive results. Observers are usually as perplexed on the day after them as they were on the day before. Nevertheless, this was not the case on 28 January 2003, when the Likud Party led by Prime Minister Ariel Sharon, and the right wing in general, emerged as clear winners. In contrast, the Labour Party and its allies on the left suffered a painful defeat. Opinion polls had consistently predicted a Likud victory, though the margin of that victory was a surprise to most. Yet a comfortable result at the ballot box does not guarantee the quick and easy formation of a new government. BRIEFING PAPER 2 Doves vote hawk: the January 2003 elections in Israel Despite winning less than one-third of the seats, and rifts and eventually the final irreversible crisis. The so- needing to ensure the support of at least twenty-three called national unity government had become a more Members of Knesset (MKs) in order to form a government of national paralysis, and was the main majority coalition, Ariel Sharon emerged as the big reason for the lack of progress of any political, winner of Israel’s elections, with the luxury of economic or social policies – above all the peace considering a number of options for constructing his process with the Palestinians. A number of groupings coalition. within the Labour Party grew exasperated at After experimenting for nearly seven years and supporting and serving in a government which gave three election campaigns with an electoral system them little chance of implementing any of their party’s whereby voters cast two separate ballots, one for policies. -
Terrorism and the Rise of Right-Wing Content in Israeli Books
Terrorism and the Rise of Right-Wing Content in Israeli Books Supplementary Appendix Contents A Automated text analysis: Extracting data on political ideology in popular books 3 A.1 Textual sources . .3 A.2 Selection of books into the Google N-gram corpus . .4 A.3 Textual pre-processing of Hebrew words . .8 A.4 Generating a comprehensive dataset of political phrases in Israeli books . .9 A.5 Mapping phrases to the ideology of political parties . .9 A.6 Measuring phrases’ yearly frequency in Google N-gram . 10 A.7 Summary statistics . 13 B Empirical strategy and modeling choices 14 C Robustness tests 18 D Additional estimations 22 E Israeli civics textbook comparison 26 F Information on book publishers in Israel 31 1 List of Figures A1 OCR quality of Hebrew books with right and left-wing phrases . .5 A2 Phrases most strongly linked the ideology of political blocs . .7 A3 Stemming Hebrew Text . 12 A4 Residuals over time . 15 A5 Year-by-year correlation of the residuals . 16 A6 Placebo: Terrorism casualties from other countries . 19 A7 Topic Prevalence During the Intifadas vs. Not . 21 List of Tables A1 List of political parties by bloc . .6 A2 Summary Statistics . 13 A3 Placebo: Frequency of phrases by bloc and the number of casualties from other conflicts . 20 A4 Frequency of phrases by bloc after the peak of terrorism in the First Intifada 23 A5 Frequency of phrases by bloc and the number of casualties from Palestinian Violence (cumulative) . 24 A6 Frequency of phrases by bloc and the number of casualties from Palestinian violence (other estimations) . -
The Representation of Women in Israeli Politics
10E hy is it important for women to be represented in the Perspective A Comparative Politics: in Israeli Women of Representation The WKnesset and in cabinet? Are women who are elected The Representation of to these institutions expected to do more to promote “female” interests than their male counterparts? What are the factors influencing the representation of women in Israeli politics? How Women in Israeli Politics has their representation changed over the years, and would the imposition of quotas be a good idea? A Comparative Perspective This policy paper examines the representation of women in Israeli politics from a comparative perspective. Its guiding premise is that women’s representation in politics, and particularly in legislative bodies, is of great importance in that it is tightly bound to liberal and democratic principles. According to some researchers, it is also important because female legislators Policy Paper 10E advance “female” issues more than male legislators do. While there has been a noticeable improvement in the representation of women in Israeli politics over the years, the situation in Israel is still fairly poor in this regard. This paper Assaf Shapira | Ofer Kenig | Chen Friedberg | looks at the impact of this situation on women’s status and Reut Itzkovitch-Malka gender equality in Israeli society, and offers recommendations for improving women’s representation in politics. The steps recommended are well-accepted in many democracies around the world, but have yet to be tried in Israel. Why is it important for women to be Assaf Shapira | Ofer Kenig | Chen Friedberg | Reut Itzkovitch-Malka Friedberg | Chen | Ofer Kenig Shapira Assaf This publication is an English translation of a policy paper represented in the Knesset and in cabinet? published in Hebrew in August 2013, which was produced by Are women who are elected to these the Israel Democracy Institute’s “Political Reform Project,” led by Prof. -
Political Parties
Political Parties: Political Parties and Interest Groups in Israel Gregory Mahler Earlham College Richmond, Indiana December 9-11, 2007 Parliamentary Government • “Westminister” vs. Presidential Government – 1. Split executive – 2. President symbolic; Prime Minister and Cabinet powerful – 3. Prime Minister and Cabinet from the Knesset – 4. Government responsible to the Knesset • The Knesset and the Prime Minister • The President Political Ideology • l. Private enterprise (a) vs. socialism (b); • 2. "Activist" Arab policy (c) vs. restraint (d); • 3. Torah oriented life (e) vs. secularism (f); • 4. Pro-Soviet Union (g) vs. pro-West (h); • 5. Zionist (i) vs. non-Zionist (j).* A---------------------------------------------------------------------B C---------------------------------------------------------------------D E---------------------------------------------------------------------F G---------------------------------------------------------------------H I----------------------------------------------------------------------J * Thomas Goodland, "A Mathematical Presentation of Israel's Political Parties," British Journal of Sociology 8 (1957): 263-66. Political Parties Functions of Political Parties – Personnel Agencies – Organize Groups and Articulate Demands – Frame of Reference – Linkage Mechanisms The Electoral System • Proportional Representation (Israel) vs. Single-Member-District Representation (U.S.) • Electoral Lists of Political Parties • Accuracy of Representation • The 1992 “Deviation” The Complexity of the Coalition-Formation Process • Situation I: Simplest Majority Possibilities – Parties: A (44), B (42), C (14) AB, AC, BC, ABC • Situation II: More Complex Majority Possibilities – Parties: A (38), B (20), C (17), D (15), E (10) AB, AC, AD, ABC, ABD, ABE, ADE, BCD, etc. • Situation III: Most Complex Majority Possibilities – Parties: A (30), B (19), C (12), D (9), E (8), F (8), G (7), H (7) ABC, ABD, ABE, ABF, ABG, BCDE, CDEFGH, etc. Approx. Life of Date of Govt. Knesset Prime Minister (Party) Coalition Partners Govt. -
Legislative Election Results in Israel, 1949-2019
Chapter 19. "Inequality, Identity, and the Long-Run Evolution of Political Cleavages in Israel 1949-2019" Yonatan Berman Appendix: Figures, tables and raw results Main figures and tables Figure 1 Legislative election results in Israel, 1949-2019 Figure 2 Class cleavages in Israel, 1969-2019 Figure 3 Vote for right and left in Tel Aviv, Israel, 1949-2019 Figure 4 Residual identity component in Tel Aviv, Israel, 1981-2015 Figure 5 Vote for right-wing and left-wing parties among unemployed and inactive voters in Israel, 2003-2015 Figure 6 The educational cleavage in Israel, 1969-2019 Figure 7 Vote for right-wing parties among Sepharadic voters in Israel, 1969-2019 Figure 8 The religious cleavage in Israel, 1969-2019 Figure 9 The gender cleavage in Israel, 1969-2019 Appendix figures and tables Figure A1 General election results in Israel by bloc, 1949-2019 Figure A2 Income inequality in Israel, 1979-2015 Figure A3 Vote for left by social class (excluding center and Arab parties), 1969-2019 Figure A4 Vote for the Republican and Democratic candidates in New York City, 1948-2016 Figure A5 The effect of the 2003 reforms on left and right vote Figure A6 Share of voters by ethnicity and religiosity, 1969-2019 Table A1 Division of parties to blocks Table A2 The effect of the 2003 reforms on right vote Figure 18.1 - Legislative election results in Israel, 1949-2019 100% Right (Likud, Israel Beitenu, etc.) Left (Labor, Meretz, etc.) 90% Center (Kahol Lavan, etc.) Arab parties (Joint Arab List, etc.) 80% Ultra-orthodox (Shas, Yahadut HaTora, etc.) 70% 60% 50% 40% Share of votes (%) votes of Share 30% 20% 10% 0% 1949 1954 1959 1964 1969 1974 1979 1984 1989 1994 1999 2004 2009 2014 2019 Source: author's computations using official election results (see wpid.world).