DOCSLIB.ORG

Michaels, H. J., Scott, K. M., Olmstead, R. G., Szaro, T. M

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Michaels, H. J., Scott, K. M., Olmstead, R. G., Szaro, T. M Interfamilial Relationships of the Asteraceae: Insights from rbcL Sequence Variation Author(s): Helen J. Michaels, Kathy M. Scott, Richard G. Olmstead, Tim Szaro, Robert K. Jansen, Jeffrey D. Palmer Reviewed work(s): Source: Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, Vol. 80, No. 3 (1993), pp. 742-751 Published by: Missouri Botanical Garden Press Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2399858 . Accessed: 30/11/2011 19:22 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Missouri Botanical Garden Press is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. http://www.jstor.org INTERFAMILIAL HelenJ. Michaels,2 THE KathyM. Scott,3 RELATIONSHIPS OF Richard G. Olmstead,4 ASTERACEAE:INSIGHTS Tim Szaro, Robert K. Jansen,6 FROM rbcL SEQUENCE and JeffreyD. Palmer3 VARIATION' ABSTRACT Nucleotidesequences of the chloroplastgene rbcL were analyzed to examine relationshipsamong the large, distinctivefamily Asteraceae and eight putativelyclosely related families.Phylogenetic analysis of a total of 24 sequences of rbcL identifieda lineage consistingof two families,the Goodeniaceae and Calyceraceae, as the sister group to the Asteraceae. In addition,a stronglysupported major monophyleticclade consistingof Asteraceae, Goodeniaceae,Calyceraceae, Corokia (Cornaceae sensuCronquist), Menyanthaceae, Lobeliaceae, and Campanulaceae was found.These resultsclearly distance from the Asteraceaecertain groups previously considered closely related; moreover,the results support alternative hypotheses of affinity that were based uponfloral and inflorescencemorphology, biogeography,pollen morphology, chemistry, and pollen-presentationmechanisms. The angiospermfamily Asteraceae has longbeen the Asteraceae,he suggestedconvergence as the recognizedas one of the large, "natural" families basisfor this and identifiedthe Campanulales (Cam- withwell-established limits defined by several spe- panulaceae and Lobeliaceae) as theclosest relative. cialized floralcharacteristics and distinctivesec- Aspects of the distinctivechemistry of the Aster- ondarychemistry. Many recentstudies have illu- aceae (e.g., alkaloids,polyacetylenes, terpenes, in- minatednumerous phylogenetic controversies within ulin forcarbohydrate storage) have been notedin the family(Bremer, 1987; Bremeret al., 1992; several membersof the Campanulales(Campanu- Jansenet al., 1990, 1991a, b; Jansen& Palmer, laceae, Lobeliaceae, Goodeniaceae, Stylidiaceae), 1987a, b, 1988; Karis et al., 1992; Keeley & whileother chemical evidence has pointedto the Jansen,1991; Kim et al., 1992; Watson et al., Apiaceae and Araliaceae(Hegnauer, 1964, 1977). 1991). However, relationshipsamong the Aster- Cronquist(1955) advocatedthe Rubialesas closest aceae and otherfamilies have remainedobscure, relativesof the Asteraceae(grouped with the Gen- due to considerableparallel and convergentevo- tianales in the systemof Takhtajan, 1980), but lutionof conventionalcharacters used to inferaf- also acknowledgedstrong similarities in floraland finities,lack of recent studiesemploying modern inflorescencemorphology between the Asteraceae methodsof phylogeneticanalysis, and substantial and the Calyceraceae (as did Takhtajan, 1980). confusionas to relationshipsamong the various An associationwith the Calyceraceae is also sup- familieswithin the subclassAsteridae itself (but see ported by biogeographyand capitular structure Olmsteadet al., 1992). (Turner,1977) and pollenmorphology (Skvarla et At least 12 familieshave been proposedas clos- al., 1977). Others(reviewed in Skvarlaet al., 1977) est relativesof the Asteraceae based on a variety have noted a palynologicalresemblance of Vale- of traditionaltaxonomic characters. Although rianaceae, Goodeniaceaeand Brunoniaceaeto As- Hutchinson(1969) notedthe superficialsimilarity teraceae. In a morphologicalcladistic study of tribal of the inflorescenceof the Dipsacales (Caprifolia- relationshipswithin the Asteraceae, stylar mor- ceae, Valerianaceae, and Dipsacaceae) to that of phology,chemical characters,and pollen-presen- 1 We thankD. Morganand D. Soltisfor providing an unpublishedrbcL sequence of Corokia. We are gratefulto M. Chase, D. Soltis,and T. Lammersfor comments on the manuscript.This researchhas been supportedby Ohio Board of RegentsResearch Challenge and NSF grantsBSR-8700195 to H. Michaelsand BSR-8717600 to J. Palmer. 2 Departmentof BiologicalSciences, BowlingGreen State University,Bowling Green, Ohio 43403, U.S.A. 3Department of Biology,Indiana University,Bloomington, Indiana 47405, U.S.A. 4Department of E.P.O. Biology,University of Colorado,Boulder, Colorado 80309, U.S.A. 5 Departmentof Plant Pathology,University of California,Berkeley, California 94720, U.S.A. 6 Departmentof Botany,University of Texas at Austin,Austin, Texas 78713, U.S.A. ANN. MISSOURI BOT. GARD. 80: 742-751. 1993. Volume 80, Number3 Michaels et al. 743 1993 InterfamilialRelationships of Asteraceae tationmechanism were identified by Bremer (1987) ofputatively closely related families in the subclass as potentialsynapomorphies linking the Lobeli- Asteridae.For thesesequences, fresh leaf material aceae and Asteraceae. Finally,strong similarities obtainedeither from the fieldor seedlingswas used to the highlyspecialized secondary pollen-presen- to isolateDNA as purifiedchloroplast DNA by the tation mechanismof the Asteraceae have been sucrosegradient method (Palmer, 1986) or as total documentedin Goodeniaceae,Brunoniaceae, Cam- cellularDNA by a modifiedCTAB procedure(Doyle panulaceae,and Lobeliaceae(Leins & Erbar,1990). & Doyle, 1987) followedby CsCl gradientpurifi- As notedin manyof the above attemptsto resolve cation. The rbcL gene was isolatedfor cloning by this controversy,most of the morphologicalor one of two methods.(1) For mosttaxa, fragments chemicalcharacters that supporta particularhy- containingthe entirerbcL gene were gel-isolated pothesisof ancestryare oftenalso foundin several fromeither Sac I or Sac I/BamHI digests and related groups,and some must certainlybe the ligatedinto the plasmidvector Bluescript (Strata- productof parallelevolution. gene,Inc., LaJolla,California). Recombinant, rbcL- Several of the recent molecular advances in containingcolonies were confirmedby Southern elucidatingphylogenetic relationships within the hybridizationto cloned rbcL fragmentsfrom peas. familyhave employedrestriction site analysis of The coding regionwas sequenced froma single- chloroplastDNA. However,this approach is gen- strandedtemplate by the dideoxy chain termination erallyunsuitable at the interfamiliallevel because method(Sanger et al., 1977) using a series of thehomology of site changes becomes doubtful due primersbased on rbcL sequences frommaize and to increased levels of both nucleotidesequence spinach (obtainedfrom G. Zurawski,DNAX). (2) divergence(causing multiple "hits" withinrestric- Sequences fromPentas and Boopis wereobtained tion sites) and lengthvariation causing problems followingamplification and cloning of a double- in alignmentof sites (Downie & Palmer, 1992b; strandedfragment using the polymerasechain re- Palmer et al., 1988). At highertaxonomic levels, action followingthe methodsof Olmstead et al. restrictionsite analysis of onlythe moreconserved (1992). invertedrepeat region of chloroplastDNA may be Preliminaryanalyses included 14 newsequences used to circumventthese problems(e.g., Downie (see Table 1 and Appendixto thisissue) and one & Palmer, 1992a), but fewercharacters are gen- previouslypublished sequence from Flaveria in the erated than in whole genome surveys. DNA se- Asteraceae(Hudson et al., 1990) and, to serve as quence analysisof the slowlyevolving chloroplast outgroups,sequences fromSpinacia in the Car- gene rbcL and nuclear rRNA genes has proven yophyllidae(Zurawski et al., 1981) and Nicotiana highlyeffective in resolvinghigher-level relation- in the Asteridae(Shinozaki et al., 1988). These ships in plants (Chase et al., 1993; Hamby & analyses (Michaels & Palmer, 1990) on only a Zimmer, 1992; Palmer et al., 1988; Ritland & subsetof the data reportedhere identifieda closest Clegg, 1987; Zurawski& Clegg, 1987). In par- sistergroup identical to thepresent expanded anal- ticular,recent studies by a numberof researchers ysis. The results of concurrentstudies of rbcL employingcomparative sequencing of the chloro- sequencesin theSaxifragaceae (Soltis et al., 1990), plast gene encodingthe large subunitof the pho- Asteridae(Olmstead et al., 1992), and 499 angio- tosyntheticenzyme ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate car- sperms(see Chase et al., 1993) have motivated boxylase (rbcL) indicate an appropriatesize and the inclusionof data fromother outgroupsand rate of evolutionfor providing a sufficientnumber fromtaxa notpreviously suspected to be associated ofcharacters for phylogenetic studies at thefamilial withthe Asteraceae. Data forHeuchera (Soltiset and ordinallevels (Donoghueet al., 1992; Kim et al., 1990), Magnolia (Golenberget al., 1990), al., 1992; Olmstead et al., 1992; Soltis et al., Villarsia, Menyanthes,Hedera, and Coriandrum 1990). In this paper we analyze nucleotidese- (Olmsteadet
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Toward a Resolution of Campanulid Phylogeny, with Special Reference to the Placement of Dipsacales
    TAXON 57 (1) • February 2008: 53–65 Winkworth & al. • Campanulid phylogeny MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS Toward a resolution of Campanulid phylogeny, with special reference to the placement of Dipsacales Richard C. Winkworth1,2, Johannes Lundberg3 & Michael J. Donoghue4 1 Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Caixa Postal 11461–CEP 05422-970, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. [email protected] (author for correspondence) 2 Current address: School of Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences, University of the South Pacific, Private Bag, Laucala Campus, Suva, Fiji 3 Department of Phanerogamic Botany, The Swedish Museum of Natural History, Box 50007, 104 05 Stockholm, Sweden 4 Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology and Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University, P.O. Box 208106, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8106, U.S.A. Broad-scale phylogenetic analyses of the angiosperms and of the Asteridae have failed to confidently resolve relationships among the major lineages of the campanulid Asteridae (i.e., the euasterid II of APG II, 2003). To address this problem we assembled presently available sequences for a core set of 50 taxa, representing the diver- sity of the four largest lineages (Apiales, Aquifoliales, Asterales, Dipsacales) as well as the smaller “unplaced” groups (e.g., Bruniaceae, Paracryphiaceae, Columelliaceae). We constructed four data matrices for phylogenetic analysis: a chloroplast coding matrix (atpB, matK, ndhF, rbcL), a chloroplast non-coding matrix (rps16 intron, trnT-F region, trnV-atpE IGS), a combined chloroplast dataset (all seven chloroplast regions), and a combined genome matrix (seven chloroplast regions plus 18S and 26S rDNA). Bayesian analyses of these datasets using mixed substitution models produced often well-resolved and supported trees.
    [Show full text]
  • Subalpine Larch (Larix Lyallii), Western Larch (Larix Occidentalis), and Tamarack (Larix Laricina)
    Unclassified ENV/JM/MONO(2007)7 Organisation de Coopération et de Développement Economiques Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development 16-May-2007 ___________________________________________________________________________________________ English - Or. English ENVIRONMENT DIRECTORATE JOINT MEETING OF THE CHEMICALS COMMITTEE AND Unclassified ENV/JM/MONO(2007)7 THE WORKING PARTY ON CHEMICALS, PESTICIDES AND BIOTECHNOLOGY Series on Harmonisation of Regulatory Oversight in Biotechnology No. 41 CONSENSUS DOCUMENT ON THE BIOLOGY OF THE NATIVE NORTH AMERICAN LARCHES: SUBALPINE LARCH (Larix lyalli), WESTERN LARCH (Larix occidentalis) AND TAMARACK (Larix laricina) English - Or. English JT03227278 Document complet disponible sur OLIS dans son format d'origine Complete document available on OLIS in its original format ENV/JM/MONO(2007)7 Also published in the Series on Harmonisation of Regulatory Oversight in Biotechnology: No. 1, Commercialisation of Agricultural Products Derived through Modern Biotechnology: Survey Results (1995) No. 2, Analysis of Information Elements Used in the Assessment of Certain Products of Modern Biotechnology (1995) No. 3, Report of the OECD Workshop on the Commercialisation of Agricultural Products Derived through Modern Biotechnology (1995) No. 4, Industrial Products of Modern Biotechnology Intended for Release to the Environment: The Proceedings of the Fribourg Workshop (1996) No. 5, Consensus Document on General Information concerning the Biosafety of Crop Plants Made Virus Resistant through Coat Protein Gene-Mediated Protection (1996) No. 6, Consensus Document on Information Used in the Assessment of Environmental Applications Involving Pseudomonas (1997) No. 7, Consensus Document on the Biology of Brassica napus L. (Oilseed Rape) (1997) No. 8, Consensus Document on the Biology of Solanum tuberosum subsp. tuberosum (Potato) (1997) No. 9, Consensus Document on the Biology of Triticum aestivum (Bread Wheat) (1999) No.
    [Show full text]
  • Crested Floating Heart, Nymphoides Cristata
    FDACS-02020 Pest Alert Pest Alert Published 1-October-2014 Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services Division of Plant Industry Nymphoides cristata, Crested Floating Heart, a Recently Listed State Noxious Weed Patti J. Anderson, [email protected], Botanist, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Plant Industry Marc S. Frank, Botanist, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Plant Industry INTRODUCTION: The perennial, emergent aquatic plant, Nymphoides cristata (Roxb.) Kuntze (Menyanthaceae), has been added to the Florida Noxious Weed and Invasive Species List. This plant was proposed for listing and evidence was presented to the Noxious Weed Review Committee. Numerous ecological studies and weed assessments by the USDA and the University of Florida provided information. Invasive plant managers with the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC) and South Florida Water Management District are currently trying to control the spread of this plant. Crested floating heart is an aggressive pest plant that develops dense mats and quickly covers lakes and ponds.This species is documented as naturalized in eight counties in Florida and is also listed by the Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council as an invasive species that has altered natural plant communities. The committee found that the species exhibited the following invasive characteristics: • vegetative reproduction from plant fragments, bulbils and tubers • rapid colonization of fresh water bodies • persistent roots, rhizomes and leaf fragments make control extremely difficult • easily spread by boat traffic Mats of N. cristata reduce or eliminate the light required by native plant species below the water surface, and thereby eliminate these plants from the water column.
    [Show full text]
  • Early Evolution of the Angiosperm Clade Asteraceae in the Cretaceous of Antarctica
    Early evolution of the angiosperm clade Asteraceae in the Cretaceous of Antarctica Viviana D. Barredaa,1,2, Luis Palazzesia,b,1, Maria C. Telleríac, Eduardo B. Oliverod, J. Ian Rainee, and Félix Forestb aDivisión Paleobotánica, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia,” Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires C1405DJR, Argentina; bJodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3DS, United Kingdom; cLaboratorio de Sistemática y Biología Evolutiva, Museo de La Plata, La Plata B1900FWA, Argentina; dCentro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Técnicas, 9410 Ushuaia, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina; and eDepartment of Palaeontology, GNS Science, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand Edited by Michael J. Donoghue, Yale University, New Haven, CT, and approved July 15, 2015 (received for review December 10, 2014) The Asteraceae (sunflowers and daisies) are the most diverse Here we report fossil pollen evidence from exposed Campanian/ family of flowering plants. Despite their prominent role in extant Maastrichtian sediments from the Antarctic Peninsula (Fig. 1, Fig. S1, terrestrial ecosystems, the early evolutionary history of this family and SI Materials and Methods, Fossiliferous Localities)(7)thatradi- remains poorly understood. Here we report the discovery of a cally changes our understanding of the early evolution of Asteraceae. number of fossil pollen grains preserved in dinosaur-bearing deposits from the Late Cretaceous of Antarctica that drastically pushes back Results and Discussion the timing of assumed origin of the family. Reliably dated to ∼76–66 The pollen grains reported here and discovered in the Late Cre- Mya, these specimens are about 20 million years older than previ- taceous of Antarctica are tricolporate, microechinate, with long ously known records for the Asteraceae.
    [Show full text]
  • Outline of Angiosperm Phylogeny
    Outline of angiosperm phylogeny: orders, families, and representative genera with emphasis on Oregon native plants Priscilla Spears December 2013 The following listing gives an introduction to the phylogenetic classification of the flowering plants that has emerged in recent decades, and which is based on nucleic acid sequences as well as morphological and developmental data. This listing emphasizes temperate families of the Northern Hemisphere and is meant as an overview with examples of Oregon native plants. It includes many exotic genera that are grown in Oregon as ornamentals plus other plants of interest worldwide. The genera that are Oregon natives are printed in a blue font. Genera that are exotics are shown in black, however genera in blue may also contain non-native species. Names separated by a slash are alternatives or else the nomenclature is in flux. When several genera have the same common name, the names are separated by commas. The order of the family names is from the linear listing of families in the APG III report. For further information, see the references on the last page. Basal Angiosperms (ANITA grade) Amborellales Amborellaceae, sole family, the earliest branch of flowering plants, a shrub native to New Caledonia – Amborella Nymphaeales Hydatellaceae – aquatics from Australasia, previously classified as a grass Cabombaceae (water shield – Brasenia, fanwort – Cabomba) Nymphaeaceae (water lilies – Nymphaea; pond lilies – Nuphar) Austrobaileyales Schisandraceae (wild sarsaparilla, star vine – Schisandra; Japanese
    [Show full text]
  • Scaevola Taccada (Gaertn.) Roxb
    BioInvasions Records (2021) Volume 10, Issue 2: 425–435 CORRECTED PROOF Rapid Communication First record of naturalization of Scaevola taccada (Gaertn.) Roxb. (Goodeniaceae) in southeastern Mexico Gonzalo Castillo-Campos1,*, José G. García-Franco2 and M. Luisa Martínez2 1Red de Biodiversidad y Sistemática, Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Xalapa, Veracruz, 91073, México 2Red de Ecología Funcional, Instituto de Ecología, A.C. Xalapa, Veracruz, 91073, México Author e-mails: [email protected] (GCC), [email protected] (JGGF), [email protected] (MLM) *Corresponding author Citation: Castillo-Campos G, García- Franco JG, Martínez ML (2021) First Abstract record of naturalization of Scaevola taccada (Gaertn.) Roxb. (Goodeniaceae) Scaevola taccada (Gaertn.) Roxb. is native of Asia and eastern Africa but has been in southeastern Mexico. BioInvasions introduced into the Americas as an ornamental urban plant. This paper reports, for Records 10(2): 425–435, https://doi.org/10. the first time, the presence of Scaevola taccada in natural environments from 3391/bir.2021.10.2.21 southeastern Mexico. Several populations of S. taccada were identified during a Received: 23 July 2020 botanical survey of the coastal dunes of the Cozumel Island Biosphere Reserve Accepted: 22 October 2020 (State of Quintana Roo, Mexico) aimed at recording the most common plant Published: 22 January 2021 species. Scaevola taccada is considered as an invasive species of coastal areas in this region. Evidence of its invasiveness is suggested by the fact that populations Handling editor: Oliver Pescott consisting of individuals of different size classes are found distributed throughout Thematic editor: Stelios Katsanevakis the island. Furthermore, they appear to belong to different generations since we Copyright: © Castillo-Campos et al.
    [Show full text]
  • The Origin of the Bifurcating Style in Asteraceae (Compositae)
    Annals of Botany 117: 1009–1021, 2016 doi:10.1093/aob/mcw033, available online at www.aob.oxfordjournals.org The origin of the bifurcating style in Asteraceae (Compositae) Liliana Katinas1,2,*, Marcelo P. Hernandez 2, Ana M. Arambarri2 and Vicki A. Funk3 1Division Plantas Vasculares, Museo de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina, 2Laboratorio de Morfologıa Comparada de Espermatofitas (LAMCE), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina and 3Department of Botany, NMNH, Smithsonian Institution, Washington D.C., USA *For correspondence. E-mail [email protected] Received: 20 November 2015 Returned for revision: 22 December 2015 Accepted: 8 January 2016 Published electronically: 20 April 2016 Background and Aims The plant family Asteraceae (Compositae) exhibits remarkable morphological variation in the styles of its members. Lack of studies on the styles of the sister families to Asteraceae, Goodeniaceae and Calyceraceae, obscures our understanding of the origin and evolution of this reproductive feature in these groups. The aim of this work was to perform a comparative study of style morphology and to discuss the relevance of im- portant features in the evolution of Asteraceae and its sister families. Methods The histochemistry, venation and general morphology of the styles of members of Goodeniaceae, Calyceraceae and early branching lineages of Asteraceae were analysed and put in a phylogenetic framework to dis- cuss the relevance of style features in the evolution of these families. Key Results The location of lipophilic substances allowed differentiation of receptive from non-receptive style papillae, and the style venation in Goodeniaceae and Calyceraceae proved to be distinctive.
    [Show full text]
  • Evolutionary History of Floral Key Innovations in Angiosperms Elisabeth Reyes
    Evolutionary history of floral key innovations in angiosperms Elisabeth Reyes To cite this version: Elisabeth Reyes. Evolutionary history of floral key innovations in angiosperms. Botanics. Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), 2016. English. NNT : 2016SACLS489. tel-01443353 HAL Id: tel-01443353 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01443353 Submitted on 23 Jan 2017 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. NNT : 2016SACLS489 THESE DE DOCTORAT DE L’UNIVERSITE PARIS-SACLAY, préparée à l’Université Paris-Sud ÉCOLE DOCTORALE N° 567 Sciences du Végétal : du Gène à l’Ecosystème Spécialité de Doctorat : Biologie Par Mme Elisabeth Reyes Evolutionary history of floral key innovations in angiosperms Thèse présentée et soutenue à Orsay, le 13 décembre 2016 : Composition du Jury : M. Ronse de Craene, Louis Directeur de recherche aux Jardins Rapporteur Botaniques Royaux d’Édimbourg M. Forest, Félix Directeur de recherche aux Jardins Rapporteur Botaniques Royaux de Kew Mme. Damerval, Catherine Directrice de recherche au Moulon Président du jury M. Lowry, Porter Curateur en chef aux Jardins Examinateur Botaniques du Missouri M. Haevermans, Thomas Maître de conférences au MNHN Examinateur Mme. Nadot, Sophie Professeur à l’Université Paris-Sud Directeur de thèse M.
    [Show full text]
  • Systematics of Dasyphyllum (Asteraceae)
    Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro Escola Nacional de Botânica Tropical Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica Systematics of Dasyphyllum (Asteraceae) Mariana M. Saavedra Elsie F. Guimarães e Rafaela C. Forzza Barnadesioideae • Synapomorphies: – axillary spines – barnadesioids trichomes • Restricted distribution in South America • 9 genus and 85 species – Dasyphyllum (33 spp.) – Chuquiraga (23 spp.) – Barnadesia (19 spp.) – Arnaldoa (3 spp.) – Doniophyton (2 spp.) – Fulcaldea (2 spp.) – Duseniella, Huarpea e Dasyphyllum vagans Schlechtendalia (1 spp.) Funk et al. 2009 Dasyphyllum Kunth Kunth (1820) – D. argenteum Cabrera (1959) – Dasyphyllum • 36 species (34 new combinations) Infrageneric classification sensu Cabrera • Trees Dasyphyllum subg. Archydasyphyllum • Pinnate leaves • Anthers’ apical appendage • 2 species obtuse or emarginate • D. diacanthoides (Less.) Cabrera • D. excelsum (D.Don) Cabrera) D. diacanthoides Stuessy et al. 1996 Dasyphyllum sensu Cabrera (1959) • Trees or shrubs Dasyphyllum subg. Dasyphyllum • Trinerved leaves • Anthers’ apical appendages bilobed Section Microcephala (=Dasyphyllum) Section Macrocephala • Small and numerous heads • Large and solitaries or few heads • 27 species, 6 varieties • 11 species, 2 varieties D. sprengelianum Stuessy et al. 1996 Stuessy et al. 1996 D. spinescens Morphological phylogeny Urtubey & Stuessy 2001 • 52 of 88 species of the subfamily • 29 spp. Dasyphyllum • 31 morphological characters • 13 characters are informative to Dasyphyllum Infrageneric classification
    [Show full text]
  • Liparophyllum Exaltatum
    Liparophyllum exaltatum FAMILY : MENYANTHACEAE BOTANICAL NAME : Liparophyllum exaltatum, (Sol. ex Sims) Tippery & Les, Novon 19: 408 (2009) COMMON NAME : Erect marsh flower COMMONWEALTH STATUS : (EPBC Act ) Not Listed TASMANIAN STATUS : (TSP Act ) rare Liparophyllum exaltata . G. Davis. Description A perennial herb with a stout, more or less erect underground stem and fleshy roots. Leaves: The leaves arise from the base, often standing immediately underneath long slender trailing stems, which have roots along them. The blades are round or kidney- shaped or heart-shaped or sometimes egg-shaped and are more or less fleshy (between 2-8 cm long). The stalks are much longer than the blades. Flowers: The flowerheads are between 15-80 cm high. The flowers are showy, 20-35 mm in diameter and on stalks that are between 1.5-2 cm long. The petals are bright yellow. Flowering occurs from October to April. Fruit: The fruit is an oblong capsule that opens at the top into 4 blunt valves (description from Curtis 1967). Herbarium specimens have been collected in October and November. This species was previously known as Villarsia exaltata . Distribution and Habitat On the mainland this species occurs in South Australia, Victoria, New South Wales and Queensland. In Tasmania, Liparophyllum exaltatum is found in the north-east near St Helens, Scamander and the Ringarooma River. It grows in stationary or slow flowing water to a depth of 50 cm (Hughes & Davis 1989). Key Sites and Populations Key sites include Jocks Lagoon, The Chimneys and Mt William National Park. Known Reserves Reserved in the Cameron Regional Reserve, Douglas-Apsley National Park, Mount Pearson State Reserve, and St Helens Point Conserva tion Area.
    [Show full text]
  • Flora of South Australia 5Th Edition | Edited by Jürgen Kellermann
    Flora of South Australia 5th Edition | Edited by Jürgen Kellermann KEY TO FAMILIES1 J.P. Jessop2 The sequence of families used in this Flora follows closely the one adopted by the Australian Plant Census (www.anbg.gov. au/chah/apc), which in turn is based on that of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG III 2009) and Mabberley’s Plant Book (Mabberley 2008). It differs from previous editions of the Flora, which were mainly based on the classification system of Engler & Gilg (1919). A list of all families recognised in this Flora is printed in the inside cover pages with families already published highlighted in bold. The up-take of this new system by the State Herbarium of South Australia is still in progress and the S.A. Census database (www.flora.sa.gov.au/census.shtml) still uses the old classification of families. The Australian Plant Census web-site presents comparison tables of the old and new systems on family and genus level. A good overview of all families can be found in Heywood et al. (2007) and Stevens (2001–), although these authors accept a slightly different family classification. A number of names with which people using this key may be familiar but are not employed in the system used in this work have been included for convenience and are enclosed on quotation marks. 1. Plants reproducing by spores and not producing flowers (“Ferns and lycopods”) 2. Aerial shoots either dichotomously branched, with scale leaves and 3-lobed sporophores or plants with fronds consisting of a simple or divided sterile blade and a simple or branched spikelike sporophore ..................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Chloroplast Dna Systematics of Lilioid Monocots: Resources, Feasibility, and an Example from the Orchidaceaei
    Amer. J. Bot. 76(12): 1720-1730. 1989. CHLOROPLAST DNA SYSTEMATICS OF LILIOID MONOCOTS: RESOURCES, FEASIBILITY, AND AN EXAMPLE FROM THE ORCHIDACEAEI MARK W. CHASE2 AND JEFFREY D. PALMER3 Department of Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1048 ABSTRACT Although chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) analysis has been widely and successfully applied to systematic and evolutionary problems in a wide variety of dicots, its use in monocots has thus far been limited to the Poaceae. The cpDNAs ofgrasses are significantly altered in arrangement relative to the genomes of most vascular plants, and thus the available clone banks ofgrasses are not particularly useful in studying variation in the cpDNA ofother monocots. In this report, we present mapping studies demonstrating that cpDNAs offour lilioid monocots (Allium cepa, Alliaceae; Asparagus sprengeri, Asparagaceae; Narcissus x hybridus, Amaryllidaceae; and On­ cidium excavatum, Orchidaceae), which, while varying in size over as much as 18 kilobase pairs, conform to the genome arrangement typical of most vascular plants. A nearly complete (99.2%) clone bank was constructed from restriction fragments of the chloroplast genome of Oncidium excavatum; this bank should be useful in cpDNA analysis among the monocots and is available upon request. As an example of the utility of filter hybridization using this clone bank to detect systematically useful variation, we present a Wagner parsimony analysis of restriction site data from the controversial genus Trichocentrum and several sections of Oncid­ ium, popularly known as the "mule ear" and "rat tail oncidiums." Because of their vastly different floral morphology, the species of Trichocentrum have never been placed in Oncidium, although several authors have recently suggested a close relationship to this vegetatively modified group.
    [Show full text]