Chloroplast Dna Systematics of Lilioid Monocots: Resources, Feasibility, and an Example from the Orchidaceaei
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Liliaceae S.L. (Lily Family)
Liliaceae s.l. (Lily family) Photo: Ben Legler Photo: Hannah Marx Photo: Hannah Marx Lilium columbianum Xerophyllum tenax Trillium ovatum Liliaceae s.l. (Lily family) Photo: Yaowu Yuan Fritillaria lanceolata Ref.1 Textbook DVD KRR&DLN Erythronium americanum Allium vineale Liliaceae s.l. (Lily family) Herbs; Ref.2 Stems often modified as underground rhizomes, corms, or bulbs; Flowers actinomorphic; 3 sepals and 3 petals or 6 tepals, 6 stamens, 3 carpels, ovary superior (or inferior). Tulipa gesneriana Liliaceae s.l. (Lily family) “Liliaceae” s.l. (sensu lato: “in the broad sense”) - Lily family; 288 genera/4950 species, including Lilium, Allium, Trillium, Tulipa; This family is treated in a very broad sense in this class, as in the Flora of the Pacific Northwest. The “Liliaceae” s.l. taught in this class is not monophyletic. It is apparent now that the family should be treated in a narrower sense and some of the members should form their own families. Judd et al. recognize 15+ families: Agavaceae, Alliaceae, Amarylidaceae, Asparagaceae, Asphodelaceae, Colchicaceae, Dracaenaceae (Nolinaceae), Hyacinthaceae, Liliaceae, Melanthiaceae, Ruscaceae, Smilacaceae, Themidaceae, Trilliaceae, Uvulariaceae and more!!! (see web reading “Consider the Lilies”) Iridaceae (Iris family) Photo: Hannah Marx Photo: Hannah Marx Iris pseudacorus Iridaceae (Iris family) Photo: Yaowu Yuan Photo: Yaowu Yuan Sisyrinchium douglasii Sisyrinchium sp. Iridaceae (Iris family) Iridaceae - 78 genera/1750 species, Including Iris, Gladiolus, Sisyrinchium. Herbs, aquatic or terrestrial; Underground stems as rhizomes, bulbs, or corms; Leaves alternate, 2-ranked and equitant Ref.3 (oriented edgewise to the stem; Gladiolus italicus Flowers actinomorphic or zygomorphic; 3 sepals and 3 petals or 6 tepals; Stamens 3; Ovary of 3 fused carpels, inferior. -
Early Evolution of the Angiosperm Clade Asteraceae in the Cretaceous of Antarctica
Early evolution of the angiosperm clade Asteraceae in the Cretaceous of Antarctica Viviana D. Barredaa,1,2, Luis Palazzesia,b,1, Maria C. Telleríac, Eduardo B. Oliverod, J. Ian Rainee, and Félix Forestb aDivisión Paleobotánica, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia,” Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires C1405DJR, Argentina; bJodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3DS, United Kingdom; cLaboratorio de Sistemática y Biología Evolutiva, Museo de La Plata, La Plata B1900FWA, Argentina; dCentro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Técnicas, 9410 Ushuaia, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina; and eDepartment of Palaeontology, GNS Science, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand Edited by Michael J. Donoghue, Yale University, New Haven, CT, and approved July 15, 2015 (received for review December 10, 2014) The Asteraceae (sunflowers and daisies) are the most diverse Here we report fossil pollen evidence from exposed Campanian/ family of flowering plants. Despite their prominent role in extant Maastrichtian sediments from the Antarctic Peninsula (Fig. 1, Fig. S1, terrestrial ecosystems, the early evolutionary history of this family and SI Materials and Methods, Fossiliferous Localities)(7)thatradi- remains poorly understood. Here we report the discovery of a cally changes our understanding of the early evolution of Asteraceae. number of fossil pollen grains preserved in dinosaur-bearing deposits from the Late Cretaceous of Antarctica that drastically pushes back Results and Discussion the timing of assumed origin of the family. Reliably dated to ∼76–66 The pollen grains reported here and discovered in the Late Cre- Mya, these specimens are about 20 million years older than previ- taceous of Antarctica are tricolporate, microechinate, with long ously known records for the Asteraceae. -
Front Matter
Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-01276-9 - The Systematics Association Special Volume 83: Early Events in Monocot Evolution Edited by Paul Wilkin and Simon J. Mayo Frontmatter More information Early Events in Monocot Evolution Tracing the evolution of one of the most ancient major branches of flowering plants, this is a wide-ranging survey of state-of-the-art research on the early clades of the monocot phylogenetic tree. It explores a series of broad but linked themes, providing for the first time a detailed and coherent view of the taxa of the early monocot lineages, how they diversified and their importance in monocots as a whole. Featuring contributions from leaders in the field, the chapters trace the evolu- tion of the monocots from largely aquatic ancestors. Topics covered include the rapidly advancing field of monocot fossils, aquatic adaptations in pollen and anther structure and pollination strategies, and floral developmental morphology. The book also presents a new phylogenetic tree of early monocots based on sequence data from 17 plastid regions, and a review of monocot phylogeny as a whole, placing in an evolutionary context a plant group of major ecological, economic and horticultural importance. Abstracts and key words for each chapter are available for download at www. cambridge.org/9781107012769. Paul Wilkin is Lilioid and Alismatid Monocots and Ferns Team Leader in the Herbarium, Library, Art and Archives Directorate of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. His main research foci are systematics of Dioscoreales (yams and their allies) and dracaenoids (dragon trees and mother-in-law’s tongues), lilioid monocots widely used in human diet and horticulture, with taxa of high conservation and ecological importance. -
Liliaceae Lily Family
Liliaceae lily family While there is much compelling evidence available to divide this polyphyletic family into as many as 25 families, the older classification sensu Cronquist is retained here. Page | 1222 Many are familiar as garden ornamentals and food plants such as onion, garlic, tulip and lily. The flowers are showy and mostly regular, three-merous and with a superior ovary. Key to genera A. Leaves mostly basal. B B. Flowers orange; 8–11cm long. Hemerocallis bb. Flowers not orange, much smaller. C C. Flowers solitary. Erythronium cc. Flowers several to many. D D. Leaves linear, or, absent at flowering time. E E. Flowers in an umbel, terminal, numerous; leaves Allium absent. ee. Flowers in an open cluster, or dense raceme. F F. Leaves with white stripe on midrib; flowers Ornithogalum white, 2–8 on long peduncles. ff. Leaves green; flowers greenish, in dense Triantha racemes on very short peduncles. dd. Leaves oval to elliptic, present at flowering. G G. Flowers in an umbel, 3–6, yellow. Clintonia gg. Flowers in a one-sided raceme, white. Convallaria aa. Leaves mostly cauline. H H. Leaves in one or more whorls. I I. Leaves in numerous whorls; flowers >4cm in diameter. Lilium ii. Leaves in 1–2 whorls; flowers much smaller. J J. Leaves 3 in a single whorl; flowers white or purple. Trillium jj. Leaves in 2 whorls, or 5–9 leaves; flowers yellow, small. Medeola hh. Leaves alternate. K K. Flowers numerous in a terminal inflorescence. L L. Plants delicate, glabrous; leaves 1–2 petiolate. Maianthemum ll. Plant coarse, robust; stems pubescent; leaves many, clasping Veratrum stem. -
Systematics of Dasyphyllum (Asteraceae)
Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro Escola Nacional de Botânica Tropical Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica Systematics of Dasyphyllum (Asteraceae) Mariana M. Saavedra Elsie F. Guimarães e Rafaela C. Forzza Barnadesioideae • Synapomorphies: – axillary spines – barnadesioids trichomes • Restricted distribution in South America • 9 genus and 85 species – Dasyphyllum (33 spp.) – Chuquiraga (23 spp.) – Barnadesia (19 spp.) – Arnaldoa (3 spp.) – Doniophyton (2 spp.) – Fulcaldea (2 spp.) – Duseniella, Huarpea e Dasyphyllum vagans Schlechtendalia (1 spp.) Funk et al. 2009 Dasyphyllum Kunth Kunth (1820) – D. argenteum Cabrera (1959) – Dasyphyllum • 36 species (34 new combinations) Infrageneric classification sensu Cabrera • Trees Dasyphyllum subg. Archydasyphyllum • Pinnate leaves • Anthers’ apical appendage • 2 species obtuse or emarginate • D. diacanthoides (Less.) Cabrera • D. excelsum (D.Don) Cabrera) D. diacanthoides Stuessy et al. 1996 Dasyphyllum sensu Cabrera (1959) • Trees or shrubs Dasyphyllum subg. Dasyphyllum • Trinerved leaves • Anthers’ apical appendages bilobed Section Microcephala (=Dasyphyllum) Section Macrocephala • Small and numerous heads • Large and solitaries or few heads • 27 species, 6 varieties • 11 species, 2 varieties D. sprengelianum Stuessy et al. 1996 Stuessy et al. 1996 D. spinescens Morphological phylogeny Urtubey & Stuessy 2001 • 52 of 88 species of the subfamily • 29 spp. Dasyphyllum • 31 morphological characters • 13 characters are informative to Dasyphyllum Infrageneric classification -
Epilist 1.0: a Global Checklist of Vascular Epiphytes
Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2021 EpiList 1.0: a global checklist of vascular epiphytes Zotz, Gerhard ; Weigelt, Patrick ; Kessler, Michael ; Kreft, Holger ; Taylor, Amanda Abstract: Epiphytes make up roughly 10% of all vascular plant species globally and play important functional roles, especially in tropical forests. However, to date, there is no comprehensive list of vas- cular epiphyte species. Here, we present EpiList 1.0, the first global list of vascular epiphytes based on standardized definitions and taxonomy. We include obligate epiphytes, facultative epiphytes, and hemiepiphytes, as the latter share the vulnerable epiphytic stage as juveniles. Based on 978 references, the checklist includes >31,000 species of 79 plant families. Species names were standardized against World Flora Online for seed plants and against the World Ferns database for lycophytes and ferns. In cases of species missing from these databases, we used other databases (mostly World Checklist of Selected Plant Families). For all species, author names and IDs for World Flora Online entries are provided to facilitate the alignment with other plant databases, and to avoid ambiguities. EpiList 1.0 will be a rich source for synthetic studies in ecology, biogeography, and evolutionary biology as it offers, for the first time, a species‐level overview over all currently known vascular epiphytes. At the same time, the list represents work in progress: species descriptions of epiphytic taxa are ongoing and published life form information in floristic inventories and trait and distribution databases is often incomplete and sometimes evenwrong. -
Phylogenetic Uncertainty and Fossil Calibration of Asteraceae Chronograms LETTER Jose L
LETTER Phylogenetic uncertainty and fossil calibration of Asteraceae chronograms LETTER Jose L. Panero1 Barreda et al. (1) claim a Cretaceous fossil pollen type is an opposed to other Barnadesioideae. Encoding “columel- extinct Asteraceae. Concluding this pollen type is “nested late layer visibility under light microscopy” (character 19) within Dasyphyllum (crown representative),” they calibrate results in unintentional character weighting. Exine thick- a Dasyphyllum + Barnadesia crown node (Dasyphyllum ness (character 22) is much smaller in Dasyphyllum crown absent) and estimate an 85.9-Ma Asteraceae crown inerme and Dasyphyllum velutinum than in other Dasy- age that potentially compresses asterid evolution by tens phyllum spp. (3) that would be scored as other Barnade- of millions of years. However, the bootstrap majority con- sioideae and different from the fossil had they been sensus topology reported could not be reproduced from sampled. Characters 19, 21, and 22 clearly contribute the data; instead, the fossil resolved in a trichotomy with to place the fossil with Dasyphyllum. Character 17 as- Calyceraceae and Asteraceae. Thus, unambiguous assign- sumes that concavities distributed asymmetrically ment of these pollen grains to Asteraceae is premature. (sometimes absent) along the intercolpal region in the Paleocene, not Cretaceous, mean ages of Asteraceae fossil are homologous with symmetrically distributed result from calibration placement consistent with the intercolpal concavities in extant taxa and not the result fossil’s phylogenetic position in the reproduced bootstrap of compression forces during fossilization (figure 4 in tree. Calibration at the Asteraceae + Calyceraceae crown ref. 1). This character is scored as “present” in the fossil node (second calibration scenario; figure S5A and table (table S1 in ref. -
In Defense of the Use of Italic for Latin Binomial Plant Names1
Polish Botanical Journal 61(1): 1–6, 2016 DOI: 10.1515/pbj-2016-0014 IN DEFENSE OF THE USE OF ITALIC FOR LATIN BINOMIAL PLANT NAMES1 Jaime A. Teixeira da Silva Abstract. The author surveyed the instructions for authors in 110 botanical journals to assess how widely italic is used to repre- sent the Latin binomial names of plants. Except for one journal that eliminated italic from the reference list, all of these journals published articles that used italic in the text and reference list for Latin binomial names of plants. However, in their instructions for authors only 48% of these journals explicitly requested the use of italic to denote the Latin binomial names of plants. Key words: botanical nomenclature, IAPT, ICNCP, journal style standards, instructions for authors, latinization Jaime A. Teixeira da Silva, P. O. Box 7, Miki-cho post office, Ikenobe 3011-2, Kagawa-ken, 761-0799, Japan; e-mail: [email protected] In botany, italic is generally used for the Latin to the practice exemplified by theCode , which has binomial names of plants. To assess how widely been well received in general and is followed in and how systematically italic is used to represent a number of botanical and mycological journals. To the Latin binomial names of plants among bo- set off scientific names even better, the abandon- tanical journals, first I contacted several experts ment in the Code of italic for technical terms and on taxonomy to survey their opinions (see Ac- other words in Latin, traditional but inconsistent knowledgements). These experts included John in early editions, has been maintained.’ McNeill and Nicholas J. -
Selected Species from NMQOC Species Appreciation Group 19 December 2015
Selected Species from NMQOC Species Appreciation Group 19 December 2015 Photographs courtesy of Jon Cara Orchid commentary courtesy of Eddie Boudette, Chris Dennis, Roger Finn, Len James and Bob Meagher Phalaenopsis rosenstromii Currently considered by the World Checklist of Selected Plant Families to be a homotypic synonym of Phalaenopsis amabilis subsp. rosenstromii. North-East Queensland from Iron Range to Mount Spec. Grows in humid places where there is good air circulation – near waterfalls, moist gullies, deep gorges and sheltered slopes. Needs warmth, humidity and good air movement. Grown over a tray of moist coconut husk, watered three times a week in summer and once a week in winter. Fertilized with low nitrogen fertilizer. Sarcochilus hirticalcar Endemic to North-East Queensland in the McIlwraith Range. Usually a small epiphyte growing on open vegetation along creeks and rivers and on floodplains in moist areas. Flowers are long lasting. Grown on cork or hardwood in a fairly shady spot. Fertilize with low nitrogen in the warmer months and water copiously in summer and sparingly in winter. Dendrobium insigne North-East Queensland on Saibai Island and New Guinea. Lowland rainforests; flowers last two days. Grown in a pot of medium bark; watered daily in summer and fertilized with low nitrogen. Phalaenopsis cornu-cervi Found from India to Java and Borneo. Grows as an epiphyte or occasionally as a lithophyte at low to moderate altitudes in humid forests where there is bright light. Grown over a tray of coconut husk that is kept wet. This species has been potted on sphagnum moss and fertilized with low nitrogen. -
SAOS Newsletter
NEWSLETTER December 2019 Volume 14 Issue #12 CLUB NEWS December 3 SAOS Auction Bob Schimmel welcomed about 70 members and Terry Bottom produced our 2020 calendar showing all the guests to the Annual Christmas Dinner and Auction at Member’s Choice plants during this past year, we have the Memorial Lutheran Church. Events Veep Dianne a few more that we’ll be offering at the January meeting. Batchelder did a great job organizing the party. Mary Ann In addition to the calendars, we had some small cattleya Bell made the roast pork with a yummy glaze and Susan plants for sale for those that don’t enjoy the bidding wars. Smith prepared the lasagna. Members Sue thanked outgoing Directors Susan and Doug Smith supplied everything else. The food was for their contributions and welcomed new directors Debra terrific and the desserts were irresistible. Brandt and Cathy Mayo. All the remaining officers from the We’ve had some requests for recipes that prior year will continue to serve the Society, along with our we will try to compile, let us know if you committee members. had a favorite dish. Continued on page 3 December 2019 Page 1 CLUB NEWS 15-16 Port St. Lucie Orchid Society Show Port St. Lucie Community Center 15-16 OS of Highlands County Show Agri-Civic Center, Sebring 16 Keiki Club for Orchid Beginners, 1 - 3 pm Growing Area Tour - Winterizing Susan and Doug Smith’s Home 22-23 Naples Orchid Society Show Moorings Presbyterian Church Upcoming Orchid Events March December 3 SAOS Meeting, 6:30 pm Growing Specimen Plants 14 Florida North-Central AOS Judging, 1 pm Bill Thoms, Bulbophyllums.com Clermont Judging Ctr, 849 West Ave. -
Oncidium Intergenerics
NEWSLETTER January 2020 Volume 15 Issue #1 CLUB NEWS January 7, 2020 Monthly SAOS Meeting by Janis Croft Welcome and Thanks. President Tom Sullivan opened the meeting at 7:00 pm with a 72 attendees. Events VP, Dianne Batchhelder thanked Dottie Your catasetums are likely sleeping now so just look in for bringing in her Chocolate on them every week looking for signs of the new growth Pudding Cake and then which is the time to repot, if they need repotting this year. thanked all who volunteered If you need any potting supplies, email info@ and worked so hard to make staugorchidsociety.org and we will have it ready for you Philip Hamilton our December holiday party at the next meeting. Potting Mix and Fertilizers, $5 each; a success including Mary Durable Plant Tags, $5 for 30 tags; 2020 Calendars, $15 Ann Bell for her Pork Roast (Dianne can provide the recipe) or 2 for $25; Slotted Orchid Pots, 3 to 6 inch pots, $1 to $4 and Susan Smith for her lasagna and Yvonne and Bob for each. washing all the tablecloths! In addition, thanks also went Linda Stewart asked all of the January birthday people to Joey, Celia and Dottie for setting up the refreshments to raise their hands to received their free raffle ticket. and Tom and Bob for set up and Charlie and Doug for Then she announced that if you know of anyone in need breakdown. of a cheering up or a get well card, email her at info@ Membership VP Linda Stewart announced our six new staugorchidsociety.org. -
Phylogeny and Phylogenetic Nomenclature of the Campanulidae Based on an Expanded Sample of Genes and Taxa
Systematic Botany (2010), 35(2): pp. 425–441 © Copyright 2010 by the American Society of Plant Taxonomists Phylogeny and Phylogenetic Nomenclature of the Campanulidae based on an Expanded Sample of Genes and Taxa David C. Tank 1,2,3 and Michael J. Donoghue 1 1 Peabody Museum of Natural History & Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, P. O. Box 208106, New Haven, Connecticut 06520 U. S. A. 2 Department of Forest Resources & Stillinger Herbarium, College of Natural Resources, University of Idaho, P. O. Box 441133, Moscow, Idaho 83844-1133 U. S. A. 3 Author for correspondence ( [email protected] ) Communicating Editor: Javier Francisco-Ortega Abstract— Previous attempts to resolve relationships among the primary lineages of Campanulidae (e.g. Apiales, Asterales, Dipsacales) have mostly been unconvincing, and the placement of a number of smaller groups (e.g. Bruniaceae, Columelliaceae, Escalloniaceae) remains uncertain. Here we build on a recent analysis of an incomplete data set that was assembled from the literature for a set of 50 campanulid taxa. To this data set we first added newly generated DNA sequence data for the same set of genes and taxa. Second, we sequenced three additional cpDNA coding regions (ca. 8,000 bp) for the same set of 50 campanulid taxa. Finally, we assembled the most comprehensive sample of cam- panulid diversity to date, including ca. 17,000 bp of cpDNA for 122 campanulid taxa and five outgroups. Simply filling in missing data in the 50-taxon data set (rendering it 94% complete) resulted in a topology that was similar to earlier studies, but with little additional resolution or confidence.