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Life Cycle of Pharaoh Cuttlefish (Sepia Pharaonis) Under Laboratory Condition Sareban H.*; Rameshi H.; Esmaeili A.; Movahedi Nia M.;

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Life Cycle of Pharaoh Cuttlefish (Sepia Pharaonis) Under Laboratory Condition Sareban H.*; Rameshi H.; Esmaeili A.; Movahedi Nia M.; مجله علمي شيﻻت ايران سال بيست وسوم/شماره2/تابستان 3131 چرخه زندگی ماهی مرکب ببری (Sepia pharaonis) در شرایط آزمایشگاهی * حسن ساربان ،حسین رامشی، عبداهلل اسماعیلی، محمد موحدی نیا، شهرام صید مرادی، غﻻمرضا ارگنجی * [email protected] ايستگاه تحقيقات شيﻻتي نرمتنان بندرلنگه- صندوق پستي: 33333-11533. تاريخ دريافت: خرداد 9313 تاريخ پذيرش: شهريور 9313 چکیده ماهی مرکب ببری (Sepia pharaonis) یکی از گونه های تجاری و بومی در خلیج فارس و دریای عماا مای با.ا 051 ع د تخم این گو نه از 6 مایلی از ساحل و عمق 01 متری جمع آوری و به آزمایشگاه ایستگاه تحقیقات .یﻻتی نرمتنا بن ر لنگه در سال 0930 انتقال داده . انکوباسیو تخم و پرورش نوزادا در دمایی با میانگین (SD±) 5/1±5/02 درجه سانتی گراد و .وری 93-92 قسمت در هزار صورت گرفت تخم ها پس از م ت زمانی با میانگین (SD±) 9±05 روز انکوباسیو . ن و نوزادا تاازه تراریش .ا ه دارای اول مانتال باا میاانگین (SD±) 9/1±0/6 میلای متار و وز باا میاانگین (SD±) 10/1±05/1 گرم بودن تغذیه نوزادا در ماه اول توسط آرتمیا، مایسی و پست ﻻرو میگوی سری غربای و از مااه دوم باه بع توسط تکه های ماهی تازه صورت گرفت پس از پرورش به ما ت 91 روزه باه اولی باا میاانگین (SD±) 03/6±1/6 میلاای متاار و وزناای بااا میااانگین (SD±) 00/1±62/0 گاارم رساای ن در ساان 61 روزه گاای بااه ااولی بااا میااانگین (SD±) 0/0±9/90 میلی متر و به وزنی با میانگین (SD±) 20/9±11/3 گرم و در سن 001 روزه، به ول 9/00±5/20 میلی متار و وز 30/09±20/55 گرم رسی ن تشاخی اااهری نار و مااده در سان 051 روزه صاورت گرفات و در سان 031 روزه انتخاب جرت، در سن 013 روزه جرتگیری و در سن 001 روزه تخمگذاری صورت گرفت هر مااده تعا ادی از تخام هاا باا میانگین (SD±) 91±035 گذاری نموده و عمر ماده ها با میانگین (SD±) 2±000 و نرهاا باا میاانگین (SD±) 003±01 روز بود نرها بزرگتر از ماده ها بودن و بزرگترین نر به ول مانتل 3/052 میلی متر و وز 01/962 گرم رسی بزرگتارین ماده به ول مانتل 0/015 میلی متر و وز 03/002 گرم بود نتایج کلی نشا داد که مای تاوا مااهی مرکاب بباری را در [ Downloaded from isfj.ir at 22:00 +0330 on Thursday September 30th 2021 [ DOI: 10.22092/ISFJ.2014.103698 .رایط مصنوعی پرورش داد لغات کلیدی: ماهي مرکب ببری، Sepia pharaonis. رشد، تخمگذاری. *نويسنده مسئول 96 ساربان و همكاران چرخه زندگی ماهی مرکب ببری در شرايط آزمايشگاهی مقدمه خارج از کشور صادر مي شود. تقریبا همه ماهي مرکب در خلیج فارس و دریای عمان، گونه های مختلفي از های عرضه شده به بازار از طریق صید بوده و کاهش آبزیان وجود دارد که جهت ورود به صنعت تکثیر و پرورش میزان صید باعث شد که بعضي کشورها به تکثیر و پرورش کشور و حتي تولید انبوه و اقتصادی آن، گزینه های سرپایان مختلف از جمله ماهي مرکب ببری روی آورند. مناسبي هستند. از جمله این آبزیان، گونه های مربوط به تکثیر و پرورش این ماهي مرکب برای اولین بار در در سال سرپایان اشاره نمود که به دلیل رشد سریع و دوره زندگي 1931در کشور تایلند (Boonprakob, 1977) و سپس کوتاه مورد توجه صنعت تکثیر و پرورش در سال های در کشور هند کارهای آزمایشي زیادی بر روی تکثیر و a اخیر شده است Anil et al., 2005 ;) Vaz- Pires et پرورش آن صورت گرفت که موفقیت هایي خوبي حاصل a Nabhitabhata, 1995; al., 2004). تاکنون در خلیج شد )Anil et al., 2005 ; Nabhitabhata, 1995). در فارس و دریای عمان حدود 02 گونه از سرپایان شناسایي ایران کارهای تحقیقاتي کمي بر روی گونه ماهي مرکب شده است که در میان این گونه ها، اقتصادی ترین گونه ببری به خصوص در زمینه تکثیر و پرورش آن صورت مربوط به ماهي مرکب ببری (Sepia pharaonis) مي گرفته است و هدف از این تحقیق بررسي چرخه زندگي a باشد ) ولي نسب، Anil et al., 2005 ;1731(. ماهي این ماهي مرکب از تخم تا تخمگذاری در شرایط مرکب ببری یا Pharaoh Cuttlefish متعلق به خانواده آزمایشگاهي مي باشد تا در آینده بتوان این گونه را به Sepiidae و جنس Sepia مي باشد ) Anderson et صنعت تکثیر و پرورش آبزیان کشورمان معرفي نمود. al., 2011; Roper et al., 1984(. در جنس Sepia، ماهي مرکب معمولي (Sepia officinalis) وجود دارد مواد و روش کار که پرورش آن به دلیل رشد باﻻ، صرفه اقتصادی دارد ولي در سال 1790، 122 عدد تخم ماهي مرکب ببری این ماهي مرکب مربوط به آب های با دمای 00-13 درجه (Sepia pharaonis) که به گرگور صیادی چسبیده بود، سانتي گراد بوده اما ماهي مرکب ببری مربوط به آب های جدا شده و به کارگاه ایستگاه تحقیقات شیﻻتي نرم تنان با دمای باﻻتر از 02 درجه سانتیگراد )70-03 درجه واقع در بندرلنگه انتقال داده شد. گرگور جهت صید ماهي سانتیگراد( مي باشد )Roper et al., 1984(. پراکنش و در عمق 02 متری و 1 مایلي جنوب بندرلنگه مستقر ماهي مرکب ببری در جهان مربوط به اقیانوس هند و شده بود و تخم ها پس از جدا سازی، درون سطل حاوی اقیانوس آرام غربي بوده و یکي از گونه های بومي در خلیج آب دریا به کارگاه انتقال و توسط آب دریای فیلتر شده و فارس و دریای عمان مي باشد ) ولي نسب، 1731; تمیز، شستشو داده شدند. قطر تخم ها توسط کولیس با ,.Chembian & Mathew, 2011; Roper et al دقت 1/2 میلي متر و وزن آنها توسط ترازوی دیجیتالي با 1984( . آمارهای صید نشان مي دهد که عمده صید این دقت 21/2 گرم اندازه گیری و جهت انکوباسیون در سبد و ماهي مرکب مربوط به آسیا و در اقیانوس هند بوده و در درون تانک 122 لیتری قرار داده شدند. تانک تفریخ حاوی سال 0227 میزان صید، 11 هزار تن و در سال 0210 آب دریای فیلتر شده )از فیلتر شني و فیلتر 02، 12 و Downloaded from isfj.ir at 22:00 +0330 on Thursday September 30th 2021 [ DOI: 10.22092/ISFJ.2014.103698 ] 1 کاهش و به 17 هزار تن رسیده است که سهم کشور ایران میکرون( و از ﻻمپ ماوراء بنفش ) UV( گذشته که دمای هم به طور متوسط در صید این ماهي مرکب در آسیا باﻻ آن با میانگین 2/2±2/03 درجه سانتیگراد )دماسنج بوده و از 11 تا 72 درصد ) 1 هزار تا 1 هزار تن( متغیر دیجیتالي با دقت 0/2 درجه سانتیگراد( و شوری 73-73 مي باشد (FAO, 2012) . قیمت هر کیلوگرم از ماهي قسمت در هزار )شوری سنج چشمي با دقت 2/2 قسمت مرکب در بازارهای جهاني 9-3 دﻻر آمریکایي (2011 در هزار( با هوادهي مﻻیم و دائم بود Nabhitabhata et) ,Globefish ) و در ایران در بازارهای محلي حدود (al., 2005. تعویض آب به صورت روزانه و به میزان 22 122222 -122222 ریال مي باشد و عمده صید به درصد و روشنایي توسط ﻻمپ مهتابي به صورت 10 07 مجله علمي شيﻻت ايران سال بيست وسوم/شماره2/تابستان 3131 ساعت روشنایي و 10 ساعت تاریکي انجام گردید. با خروج واریانس یک طرفه (ANOVA) استفاده گردید و میانگین اولین نوزاد، مجددا قطر و وزن تخم ها اندازه گیری و ها با آزمون دانکن (Duncan) در سطح 2 درصرد در نررم نوزادان تازه تفریخ شده به تانک 722 لیتری از جنس پلي افزار SPSS v19 مقایسه شدند (Choe, 1966). اتیلن سفید منتقل شدند که این تانک حاوی آب دریای فیلتر شده که دمای آن با میانگین 2/2±2/03 درجه نتایج سانتیگراد و شوری 73-73 قسمت در هزار با هوادهي تخم مراهي مرکرب ببرری (S. pharaonis) بره صرورت مﻻیم و دائم بود. وزن تر (Wet Weight) و طول مانتل انفرادی و توسط ساقه ای به سرایر تخرم هرا درون خوشره (Mantle Length) 72 عدد از نوزادان تازه تفریخ شده وصل شده بود )شکل1- الف(. رنگ تخم سرفید مرات و در که به صورت تصادفي انتخاب شده، توسط ترازوی زمان جمرع آوری، قطرر و وزن آنهرا برا میرانگین (SD±) دیجیتال )دقت 21/2 گرم( و کولیس )دقت 1/2 میلیمتر( 1/2±7/17 میلرري متررر و 02/2±12/9 گرررم بررود. پررس از اندازه گیری و سپس زیست سنجي به صورت هر 12 روز انکوباسیون در مدت زمان با میرانگین (SD±) 7±12 روز یک بار صورت گرفت. از روز دوم تفریخ غذادهي نوزادان تفررریخ شرردند و میررانگین (SD±) میررزان تفررریخ 92±2 شروع و از غذای زنده شامل آرتمیا (Artemia salina)، درصد بود. در طول دوره انکوباسیون، تخرم هرا آب جرذب میگوی مایسید )اسم علمي نامشخص( و پست ﻻرو 12 نموده و شفاف شده که در زمان تفریخ قطر و وزن آنها بره روزه میگوی سفیدغربي (L. vannamei) استفاده شد میانگین (SD±) 2/2±3/13 میلي مترر و 12/91±2/12 (Nabhitabhata et al., 2005). پس از گذشت یک ماه گرم رسید. میانگین (SD±) طرول مانترل و وزن نروزادان از پرورش نوزادان غذای آنها تغییر داده شد و تغذیه با تکه تازه تفریخ شده 7/2±1/1 میلي مترر و 21/2±12/2 گررم های ماهي تازه و به صورت دوبار در روز )صبح و بود. نوزادان به محض خروج از تخم در کرف تانرک سراکن بعدازظهر( ادامه داشت. تعویض آب به صورت روزانه و به ماندند و از روز سوم شروع به شنای فعرال در سرتون آب و میزان 22 درصد بود و کف تانک بوسیله سیفون کردن تغذیه نمودند. رفتار شکار آنها شامل دنبال کرردن شرکار و تمیز شد. جهت تامین مکان مناسب برای تخمریزی صید آن توسط تنتاکول های (Tentacels) خود و سپس احتمالي، از روز 122 پرورش، سبدی در تانک قرار داده در کف تانک سراکن و شرروع بره تغذیره نمودنرد.
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