DOCSLIB.ORG

The Rise and Fall of the US Army Organizational Effectiveness

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Rise and Fall of the US Army Organizational Effectiveness Antioch University AURA - Antioch University Repository and Archive Student & Alumni Scholarship, including Dissertations & Theses Dissertations & Theses 2014 To Transform a Culture: The Rise and Fall of the U.S. Army Organizational Effectiveness Program, 1970–1985 James Michael Young Antioch University - PhD Program in Leadership and Change Follow this and additional works at: http://aura.antioch.edu/etds Part of the Industrial and Organizational Psychology Commons, Leadership Studies Commons, Military History Commons, and the Organizational Behavior and Theory Commons Recommended Citation Young, James Michael, "To Transform a Culture: The Rise and Fall of the U.S. Army Organizational Effectiveness Program, 1970–1985" (2014). Dissertations & Theses. 158. http://aura.antioch.edu/etds/158 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Student & Alumni Scholarship, including Dissertations & Theses at AURA - Antioch University Repository and Archive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations & Theses by an authorized administrator of AURA - Antioch University Repository and Archive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. TO TRANSFORM A CULTURE: THE RISE AND FALL OF THE U.S. ARMY ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS PROGRAM, 1970–1985 JAMES MICHAEL YOUNG A DISSERTATION Submitted to the Ph.D. in Leadership and Change Program of Antioch University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy June, 2014 This is to certify that the Dissertation entitled: TO TRANSFORM A CULTURE: THE RISE AND FALL OF THE U.S. ARMY ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS PROGRAM, 1970–1985 prepared by James Michael Young Is approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Leadership and Change. Approved by: Carolyn B. Kenny, PhD, Chair date Alan E. Guskin, PhD, Committee Member date Jerome V. Martin, PhD, Committee Member date Brian M. Linn, PhD, External Reader date Copyright 2014 James Michael Young All rights reserved Acknowledgments As anyone who has ever written a dissertation can attest, such a project involves the generous assistance of many contributors. Above all, I could not have accomplished this work without the love and care I received from my wife, Geli. As a former executive editor, her advice and assistance were truly invaluable. Likewise, I am indebted to my son, Adrian Young, a PhD candidate at Princeton University, for his wisdom and guidance. A very special thanks also goes to my dearest friend, Major General Denny Laich, who joined me twice a week for breakfast over many years. Together we explored a number of the topics covered in this narrative. I am eternally grateful to the Army OE community for trusting me with their stories and experiences. Thanks largely to the leadership of Ms. Lynn Herrick, the “matriarch” of the Army OE program, this community has maintained close friendships across four decades. As the humanists they are, they invited me into their extended family and provided me with an enormous quantity of primary source documents. Their stories deserve the attention of a full-length book. Sadly, the confines of a doctoral dissertation precluded me from portraying their experiences. On the west coast, Lynn introduced me to some of the finest human beings I have ever met: Dr. Jerry Eppler (the “soul” of Army OE), Dr. Mel Spehn, Lieutenant Colonel Bob Goodfellow, Lieutenant Colonel Ron Sheffield, Lieutenant Colonel Lee Edwards, Lieutenant Colonel Jim Looram, Lieutenant Colonel Roy Avant, and on the east coast, Ms. Kay Powers and Brigadier General Mick Zais. Lieutenant Colonel Dick Powell and Brigadier General John Johns, as well as Lynn, were a historian’s dream come true. As pack rats, they provided me a treasure trove of primary source documents that proved indispensable in this project. Lynn and her close colleagues also facilitated contact for me i with many former OESOs. I truly appreciated their eagerness to share their experiences with me through correspondence: Colonel John Alexander, Colonel John Williams, Lieutenant Colonel Robert Byard, Colonel Richard Scherberger, Jr., Lieutenant Colonel William Chadwick, Lieutenant Colonel Carol Johnson, Lieutenant Colonel Mitch Kotula, Lieutenant Colonel Brian Ludera, Lieutenant Colonel Mike Perrault, Lieutenant Colonel Gary Richardson, and Lieutenant Colonel Al Wilgus. Lieutenant General Walt Ulmer, Jr. graciously granted me several hours of his time and provided enormous insight in the “client” side of this story. When I told him that his OESOs loved working for him because of his strong support, he replied, “well, why wouldn’t I use them as I would any other weapons system?” General Ulmer also provided me invaluable insight into Colonel Mike Malone (his best friend) and Malone’s collection of writings.1 I am very thankful to Mr. Scott Gower, archivist of Special Collections, National Defense University, for providing me extensive access to the papers of General Bernard Rogers. My hope is that these papers will soon be declassified so that other historians may have access to these remarkable documents. The archivists at the Military History Institute, Carlisle Barracks, were likewise very accommodating in providing me access to Army War College resources. Finally, a special thank you to Colonel Tony Nadal, the “father” of Army OE. As great as your leadership was in the Ia Drang Valley in 1965, it was even greater in your efforts to promote OE. You showed us all the enormous difference one person can make in changing an organization. 1. Posted to my web site that is dedicated to the OE program: www.armyoe.com. ii Last but certainly not least is a strong thank you to my dissertation committee. My chair (and fellow humanist) Dr. Carolyn Kenny, Antioch University; Professor emeritus Dr. Alan Guskin, Antioch University; Dr. Jerry Martin, Chief Historian, Strategic Command; and Dr. Brian Macalister Linn, the Ralph R. Thomas Professor in Liberal Arts, Texas A&M University. Please know that I sincerely appreciate your tolerance of a very long dissertation. And thank you for helping me to become a better historian. It is impossible to dedicate this work to any one single individual because, as I reach the age of sixty, I see that it is the culmination of a lifetime of education and experiences. In the process of researching and writing this story, my mind often focused on so many people who have had a transformational impact on my life. So, I would like to dedicate this work: To Dr. Allan R. Millett, and Dr. Williamson Murray—my teachers, my mentors, and my friends—who gave a young ex-infantryman and mediocre undergraduate student the opportunity of a lifetime to join the best graduate program in military history in the nation. To Colonel Steve Knudsen, my boss in the 82nd Airborne Division and 5th Special Forces Group, and Lieutenant Colonel Rob Soeldner, my boss in the 11th Armored Cavalry Regiment (Boeselager), the only two transformational leaders I had as commanders during my thirty years in uniform. Thank you for always listening and for giving me the freedom to speak my mind. To Dr. Peggy Arnott, psychologist extraordinaire, of the Chalmers P. Wylie VA Center in Columbus, Ohio. Thank you for guiding me back. To the soldiers of the 384th Military Police Battalion for their professionalism in carrying out a difficult mission at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, and especially for making me a better commander and a better human being. iii And to the thousands of soldiers who gave their lives, portions of their bodies, and their minds to the conflict in Afghanistan and in the unjust war in Iraq. Thank you truly for your sacrifices. Most of you deserved better leaders than the ones you had. iv Abstract In the early 1970s, following a decade of social upheaval in the US and a traumatizing military defeat in Vietnam, a group of progressive army officers, armed with recent graduate degrees in the social and behavioral sciences, created a grass roots movement that soon led to the implementation of the largest organizational development program ever conducted. Wartime atrocities and chronic careerism in the Army officer corps, along with President Richard Nixon’s promise to create an All- Volunteer Force (AVF), opened up a window of opportunity for these progressives to promote transformational leadership theories grounded in humanistic psychology. In institutionalizing OD across the Army, these officers attempted to transform the leadership culture throughout the institution. However, various strategies employed to effect cultural change met with strong resistance from an officer corps that rejected the strong humanistic elements that characterized OD in the 1970s. Although institutionalization progressed with strong support from Army Chief of Staff (CSA) General Bernard Rogers, the program proved unsustainable once he vacated his position. By 1980, conservative views of leadership permeated the Army’s school system and its leadership doctrine. Concurrently, OD evolved in its theoretical application and shifted its emphasis from humanistic psychology to open systems. At that point, the Army OE Program was relegated to a far less priority and essentially became a process improvement mechanism. By 1985, a new CSA terminated the program. This is a history of the Army OE Program and the efforts of the progressive officers who implemented it. The electronic version of this Dissertation is at OhioLink ETD Center, www.ohiolink.edu/etd v Table of Contents Preface
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Training Soldiers and Becoming a Strategist in Peace and War
    Cardinal Point: An Oral History — Training Soldiers and Becoming a Strategist in Peace and War. by General Paul F. Gorman Cardinal Point, Virginia 2010 - 2011 Published by Combat Studies Institute GENERAL PAUL F. GORMAN Cardinal Point: An Oral History — Training Soldiers and Becoming a Strategist in Peace and War. CSI Press Publications cover a variety of military topics. The views expressed in this CSI Press Publication are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the Department of the Army or the Department of Defense. ii Editor’s Introduction to the Oral History of General Paul Francis Gorman, U.S.A. Retired The oral history that follows is based on five interviews conducted with General (Retired) Paul F. Gorman by Lieutenant Colonel Robert P. Reddy, Mr Richard Swain, and Mr. Michael Starry. The Reddy interview was conducted as a student project at the Army War College during Academic Year 1990-91.1 Reddy inquired about General Gorman’s early years, his experience in various professional schools, and particularly, General Gorman’s command of the 1st Battalion, 26th Infantry, ‘Blue Spaders’ in the First Infantry Division in Vietnam. Four additional interviews were conducted by Mr. Swain and Mr. Starry between October 2010 and April 2011 in the midst of the vineyards at General Gorman’s home at Cardinal Point near Afton, Virginia. Midway in the conduct of the more recent interviews, the participants made a decision to integrate all the interview material into a single chronological narrative that could provide General Gorman’s contextual overview for the electronic archive.
    [Show full text]
  • 2011 Annual Report Dear Friends
    2011 ANNUAL REPORT DEar FRIENDS: When engaged in the mission of the Vietnam Veterans The Call for Photos is a Memorial Fund, there is a word that I’m particularly fond of. primary focus at each of The That word is: momentum. For those connected with VVMF, Wall that Heals tour stops. 2011 was all about building momentum. In the course of VVMF’s 2011 tour season hit OUR MISSION this one year, the programs we dedicated ourselves to have over 30 cities, maximizing gathered more and more steam, and resulted in forward awareness and fundraising for To preserve the legacy of the Vietnam Veterans Memorial, motion that is carrying us closer to the goals contained in our the Education Center. mission statement. to promote healing and to educate about the impact of In 2011, we produced and It is this momentum that will take us into our 30th released a new Build the Center Warren Kahle the Vietnam War Anniversary year, and far beyond. The energy and drive public service announcement 2011 ANNUAL REPORT created in 2011 will propel us as we go about the challenge campaign. The beautifully filmed PSAs included notable of making the dream of the Education Center at The Wall a Americans sending the powerful message of, “Get involved reality. In it, we will honor those who fell in Vietnam, those and help them build it.” who fought and returned, as well as the friends and families of all who served. To highlight the grassroots activities and fundraising efforts, we dramatically increased and improved VVMF’s online Since 1982, The Wall has stood as a solemn tribute to those presence.
    [Show full text]
  • H Salute Their Service, Honor Their Hope H
    H SALUTE THEIR SERVICE, HONOR THEIR HOPE H TO PRESERVE THE LEGACY OF PATRIOTISM AND THE SACRIFICE OF OUR GREATEST GENERATION It was on board the USS Missouri in Tokyo Bay on September 2, Dear Friends, 1945, that General MacArthur, We are honored to serve as the Co-Chairs of the 75th Anniversary of the End of World War II Admiral Chester Nimitz and commemoration committee. Alongside our Presenting Sponsor, Linda Hope who represents representatives of the Allied the Bob Hope Legacy as a part of the Bob & Dolores Hope Foundation, we encourage you to join us in commemorating this historic occasion by supporting two seminal events in 2020, Powers accepted Japan’s formal marking the end of the war in Europe and the Pacific. surrender, bringing to an end the Our hope is that these events will preserve our nation’s memory of a time when the United bloodiest war in world history. States persevered with selflessness and courage in the face of tyranny. We also hope to The heartfelt words of General inspire our fellow citizens and freedom-loving people around the world by celebrating the legacy and character of those who have been called America’s “Greatest Generation.” MacArthur, spoken on that day, are still with us: World War II was perhaps the single greatest unification of the American people in our nation’s history. The sacrifices demanded by the global conflict touched every citizen. Military service became commonplace. Americans capable of donning a military uniform “It is my earnest hope, and indeed dutifully raised their hands.
    [Show full text]
  • SPRING 2017 MESSAGE from the CHAIRMAN Greetings to All USAWC Graduates and Foundation Friends
    SPRING 2017 MESSAGE FROM THE CHAIRMAN Greetings to all USAWC graduates and Foundation friends, On behalf of our Foundation Board of Trustees, it is a privilege to share Chairman of the Board this magazine with you containing the latest news of our Foundation LTG (Ret) Thomas G. Rhame and of the U.S. Army War College (USAWC) and its graduates. Vice Chairman of the Board Our Spring Board meeting in Tampa in March was very productive as we Mr. Frank C. Sullivan planned our 2018 support to the College. We remain very appreciative Trustees and impressed with the professionalism and vision of MG Bill Rapp, LTG (Ret) Richard F. Timmons (President Emeritus) RES ’04 & 50th Commandant as he helps us understand the needs of MG (Ret) William F. Burns (President Emeritus) the College going forward. With his excellent stewardship of our Foundation support across Mrs. Charlotte H. Watts (Trustee Emerita) more than 20 programs, he has helped advance the ability of our very successful public/ Dr. Elihu Rose (Trustee Emeritus) Mr. Russell T. Bundy (Foundation Advisor) private partnership to provide the margin of excellence for the College and its grads. We also LTG (Ret) Dennis L. Benchoff thank so many of you who came to our USAWC Alumni Dinner in Tampa on March 15, Mr. Steven H. Biondolillo 2017 (feature and photos on page 7). Special thanks to GEN Joseph L. Votel III, RES ’01, Mr. Hans L. Christensen and GEN Raymond A. Th omas III, RES ’00, for hosting us at the Central and Special Ms. Jo B. Dutcher Operations Commands at MacDill AFB on March 17th.
    [Show full text]
  • The Civilian Impact of Drone Strikes
    THE CIVILIAN IMPACT OF DRONES: UNEXAMINED COSTS, UNANSWERED QUESTIONS Acknowledgements This report is the product of a collaboration between the Human Rights Clinic at Columbia Law School and the Center for Civilians in Conflict. At the Columbia Human Rights Clinic, research and authorship includes: Naureen Shah, Acting Director of the Human Rights Clinic and Associate Director of the Counterterrorism and Human Rights Project, Human Rights Institute at Columbia Law School, Rashmi Chopra, J.D. ‘13, Janine Morna, J.D. ‘12, Chantal Grut, L.L.M. ‘12, Emily Howie, L.L.M. ‘12, Daniel Mule, J.D. ‘13, Zoe Hutchinson, L.L.M. ‘12, Max Abbott, J.D. ‘12. Sarah Holewinski, Executive Director of Center for Civilians in Conflict, led staff from the Center in conceptualization of the report, and additional research and writing, including with Golzar Kheiltash, Erin Osterhaus and Lara Berlin. The report was designed by Marla Keenan of Center for Civilians in Conflict. Liz Lucas of Center for Civilians in Conflict led media outreach with Greta Moseson, pro- gram coordinator at the Human Rights Institute at Columbia Law School. The Columbia Human Rights Clinic and the Columbia Human Rights Institute are grateful to the Open Society Foundations and Bullitt Foundation for their financial support of the Institute’s Counterterrorism and Human Rights Project, and to Columbia Law School for its ongoing support. Copyright © 2012 Center for Civilians in Conflict (formerly CIVIC) and Human Rights Clinic at Columbia Law School All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America. Copies of this report are available for download at: www.civiliansinconflict.org Cover: Shakeel Khan lost his home and members of his family to a drone missile in 2010.
    [Show full text]
  • Journal of Indo-Pacific Affairs
    The AIR FORCE Journal of Indo-Pacific Affairs SPRING 2019 Volume 2, No. 1 Senior Leader Perspective Introduction to Indo-Pacific Security Challenges ❘ 3 ADM Phil Davidson, US Navy Features A Pathway toward Enhancing the US Air Force–Indian Air Force Partnership and Deterrence in the Indo-Pacific Region ❘ 11 Stephen F. Burgess Preparing for the Last War Insurgency in the Era of Great Power Competition ❘ 47 Karl Umbrasas The 2016 European Global Strategy, European Union Defense Integration, and Asian–European Security Cooperation in a Declining Multilateral International Order ❘ 67 David J. Garcia Cantalapiedra Critical Review Essay Anatomy of Failure Why America Loses Every War It Starts ❘ 80 Manabrata Guha Book Review Asia-Pacific Security: An Introduction by Joanne Wallis and Andrew Carr, eds. ❘ 103 Jieruo Li, PhD candidate, Reviewer Editorial Advisors Lt Col Darin Gregg, Director, Air University Press Gen Herbert J. “Hawk” Carlisle, USAF, Retired; President and CEO, National Defense Industrial Association Amb. Daniel Shields, Department of State, Retired Dr. Matthew C. Stafford, Chief Academic Officer, Air Education and Training Command Col Jeff Donnithorne, USAF, PhD, Chief Academic Officer, Air University Reviewers Gp Capt Nasim Abbas Dr. Jessica Jordan Instructor, Air War College Assistant Professor, Air Force Culture and Language Center Pakistan Air Force Air University Dr. Sascha-Dominik “Dov” Bachmann Mr. Chris Kolakowski Assoc. Prof. & Director, Centre of Conflict, Rule of Law and Director Society The General Douglas MacArthur Memorial Bournemouth University (United Kingdom) Dr. Carlo Kopp Dr. Lewis Bernstein Lecturer Historian, retired Monash University (Australia) United States Army Dr. Amit Kumar Dr. Paul J. Bolt President Professor, Political Science AAA International Security Consultants US Air Force Academy Lt Col Scott D.
    [Show full text]
  • Military Guide to Terrorism in the Twenty-First Century
    US Army TRADOC TRADOC G2 Handbook No. 1 AA MilitaryMilitary GuideGuide toto TerrorismTerrorism in the Twenty-First Century US Army Training and Doctrine Command TRADOC G2 TRADOC Intelligence Support Activity - Threats Fort Leavenworth, Kansas 15 August 2007 DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION: Approved for Public Release; Distribution Unlimited. 1 Summary of Change U.S. Army TRADOC G2 Handbook No. 1 (Version 5.0) A Military Guide to Terrorism in the Twenty-First Century Specifically, this handbook dated 15 August 2007 • Provides an information update since the DCSINT Handbook No. 1, A Military Guide to Terrorism in the Twenty-First Century, publication dated 10 August 2006 (Version 4.0). • References the U.S. Department of State, Office of the Coordinator for Counterterrorism, Country Reports on Terrorism 2006 dated April 2007. • References the National Counterterrorism Center (NCTC), Reports on Terrorist Incidents - 2006, dated 30 April 2007. • Deletes Appendix A, Terrorist Threat to Combatant Commands. By country assessments are available in U.S. Department of State, Office of the Coordinator for Counterterrorism, Country Reports on Terrorism 2006 dated April 2007. • Deletes Appendix C, Terrorist Operations and Tactics. These topics are covered in chapter 4 of the 2007 handbook. Emerging patterns and trends are addressed in chapter 5 of the 2007 handbook. • Deletes Appendix F, Weapons of Mass Destruction. See TRADOC G2 Handbook No.1.04. • Refers to updated 2007 Supplemental TRADOC G2 Handbook No.1.01, Terror Operations: Case Studies in Terror, dated 25 July 2007. • Refers to Supplemental DCSINT Handbook No. 1.02, Critical Infrastructure Threats and Terrorism, dated 10 August 2006. • Refers to Supplemental DCSINT Handbook No.
    [Show full text]
  • Trump's Generals
    STRATEGIC STUDIES QUARTERLY - PERSPECTIVE Trump’s Generals: A Natural Experiment in Civil-Military Relations JAMES JOYNER Abstract President Donald Trump’s filling of numerous top policy positions with active and retired officers he called “my generals” generated fears of mili- tarization of foreign policy, loss of civilian control of the military, and politicization of the military—yet also hope that they might restrain his worst impulses. Because the generals were all gone by the halfway mark of his administration, we have a natural experiment that allows us to com- pare a Trump presidency with and without retired generals serving as “adults in the room.” None of the dire predictions turned out to be quite true. While Trump repeatedly flirted with civil- military crises, they were not significantly amplified or deterred by the presence of retired generals in key roles. Further, the pattern continued in the second half of the ad- ministration when “true” civilians filled these billets. Whether longer-term damage was done, however, remains unresolved. ***** he presidency of Donald Trump served as a natural experiment, testing many of the long- debated precepts of the civil-military relations (CMR) literature. His postelection interviewing of Tmore than a half dozen recently retired four- star officers for senior posts in his administration unleashed a torrent of columns pointing to the dangers of further militarization of US foreign policy and damage to the military as a nonpartisan institution. At the same time, many argued that these men were uniquely qualified to rein in Trump’s worst pro- clivities. With Trump’s tenure over, we can begin to evaluate these claims.
    [Show full text]
  • Danger Close: Military Politicization and Elite Credibility Michael Robinson United States Military Academy, [email protected]
    United States Military Academy USMA Digital Commons West Point ETD Spring 6-18-2018 Danger Close: Military Politicization and Elite Credibility Michael Robinson United States Military Academy, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.usmalibrary.org/faculty_etd Part of the American Politics Commons, Design of Experiments and Sample Surveys Commons, International Relations Commons, Longitudinal Data Analysis and Time Series Commons, and the Statistical Methodology Commons Recommended Citation Robinson, Michael, "Danger Close: Military Politicization and Elite Credibility" (2018). West Point ETD. 19. https://digitalcommons.usmalibrary.org/faculty_etd/19 This Doctoral Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by USMA Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in West Point ETD by an authorized administrator of USMA Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. DANGER CLOSE: MILITARY POLITICIZATION AND ELITE CREDIBILITY A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE AND THE COMMITTEE ON GRADUATE STUDIES OF STANFORD UNIVERSITY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Michael A. Robinson June 2018 © 2018 by Michael Arthur Robinson. All Rights Reserved. Re-distributed by Stanford University under license with the author. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution- Noncommercial 3.0 United States License. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/us/ This dissertation is online at: http://purl.stanford.edu/xf819jg4312 ii I certify that I have read this dissertation and that, in my opinion, it is fully adequate in scope and quality as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.
    [Show full text]
  • Corporate to Management Social Responsibility: Extending Csr to Msr Guided by Mary Parker Follett
    CORPORATE TO MANAGEMENT SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY: EXTENDING CSR TO MSR GUIDED BY MARY PARKER FOLLETT Susan MAWER Salford University Business School Salford, UK Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements of the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy, December 2015 CONTENTS Page: List of Figures xiii List of Tables xiii Acknowledgements xiv Declaration of previously used material xv Abstract xvi Prologue 1 CHAPTER 1 2 Management social responsibility: MSR 2 1.1 Introduction 2 1.1.2 Follett’s concepts: integration, coordination and power-with 2 1.1.3 Key themes and objectives 4 1.1.4 CSR theoretical framework 4 1.1.5 Research methods 5 1.1.6 Research questions 6 1.1.7 Defining CSR 7 1.1.8 Follett’s contribution to management and CSR 9 1.2 Contributions of research 10 1.2.1 Follett’s ideas past, present and future 10 1.2. Theoretical standpoint 11 1.3 Structure of thesis 12 CHAPTER 2 Mary Parker Follett, her life and work 14 2.1 Overview 14 2.1.2 Structure of chapter two 14 2.2 Power-with, integration, coordination and the law of the situation 15 2.2.1 Mary Parker Follett and management theory 16 ii 2.2.2 Management theories and concepts compared with Mary Parker Follett’s philosophies (Table 2.2.2) 18 2.3 Mary Parker Follett and MSR 20 2.3.1 Background 21 2.3.2 Early years 21 2.3.3 The law of the situation 22 2.3.4 Democracy 23 2.3.5 Community centres 24 2.3.6 Community development, democracy and social responsibility 25 2.4 Concepts for MSR: Power-with, integration and coordination 27 2.4.1 Power-with 27 2.4.2 Integration 29 2.4.3 Coordination
    [Show full text]
  • 2011 OMA Alumni Reunion Described As ‘Best Ever’
    SUMMER 2011 cOuRAGe lOyAlty HOnOR • yesteRDAy tODAy tOMORROw 2011 OMA AluMni ReuniOn DescRibeD As ‘best eveR’ The Oklahoma Military Academy closed in 1971, but you would have never known it, if you were in atten- dance at the 2011 OMA Annual Reunion on "College Hill.” The former OMA cadets attending were a few years older, however some were in uniforms, the band was playing, several Generals were present, and there were ceremonies, dinner and dancing – much like the heydays of OMA. The renowned Oklahoma Military Academy, once known as the West Point of the Southwest is now Continued on page 5 Missing Man Formation Flyover, performed by the Tulsa Warbirds Squadron, gives special meaning to the OMA KIA Memorial Dedication. lARRy lAntOw, A MAn Of ‘unAffecteD GRAce’ On the days after Christmas in graduate of the Oklahoma Military Academy. 1944 – after he successfully led What the General told him still brings tears to his eyes to an Army patrol through a danger- this day. ous mission in Belgium for which “He told me that 600 citizens of Claremore had signed a he received a Bronze Star – Larry petition to bring me home,” he said. Lantow was asked to report to The petition was approved by the U.S. Congress, and the Major General Rose. order was issued by President Franklin D. Roosevelt. “I thought, oh boy, what have I Lantow’s parents had already lost two boys in the war – done?” recalls Lantow, a 1938 his brothers Robert Lantow, 23, and Norman Lantow, 20, Continued on page 10 Larry Lantow, OMA ‘38 insiDe Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Lessons-Encountered.Pdf
    conflict, and unity of effort and command. essons Encountered: Learning from They stand alongside the lessons of other wars the Long War began as two questions and remind future senior officers that those from General Martin E. Dempsey, 18th who fail to learn from past mistakes are bound Excerpts from LChairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff: What to repeat them. were the costs and benefits of the campaigns LESSONS ENCOUNTERED in Iraq and Afghanistan, and what were the LESSONS strategic lessons of these campaigns? The R Institute for National Strategic Studies at the National Defense University was tasked to answer these questions. The editors com- The Institute for National Strategic Studies posed a volume that assesses the war and (INSS) conducts research in support of the Henry Kissinger has reminded us that “the study of history offers no manual the Long Learning War from LESSONS ENCOUNTERED ENCOUNTERED analyzes the costs, using the Institute’s con- academic and leader development programs of instruction that can be applied automatically; history teaches by analogy, siderable in-house talent and the dedication at the National Defense University (NDU) in shedding light on the likely consequences of comparable situations.” At the of the NDU Press team. The audience for Washington, DC. It provides strategic sup- strategic level, there are no cookie-cutter lessons that can be pressed onto ev- Learning from the Long War this volume is senior officers, their staffs, and port to the Secretary of Defense, Chairman ery batch of future situational dough. The only safe posture is to know many the students in joint professional military of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and unified com- historical cases and to be constantly reexamining the strategic context, ques- education courses—the future leaders of the batant commands.
    [Show full text]