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Lacanian Realism // a Clinical and Political Investigation LACANIAN REALISM // A CLINICAL AND POLITICAL INVESTIGATION A Thesis Submitted to the Committee on Graduate Studies in Partial Fulfllment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Faculty of Arts and Science TRENT UNIVERSITY Peterborough, Ontario, Canada © Copyright by Duane Rousselle 2015 Cultural Studies Ph.D. Graduate Program September 2015 ABSTRACT Lacanian Realism: A Clinical and Political Investigation Duane Rousselle The overarching argument of this manuscript concerns Lacanian Realism, that is, the Lacanian theory of the Real. Initially, my argument may seem quite modest: I claim that Lacanians have been preoccupied with a particular modality of the Real, one that insists on interrupting, limiting, or exceeding the various orders or agencies of the human mind. The implications of such a position are worth considering. For example, one must, as a consequence of holding this position, bracket questions pertaining to Things outside of the Symbolic and Imaginary psychical systems. Careful study shall expose the extent to which this position has infuenced each of the major felds inspired by Jacques Lacan: clinical psychoanalysis, radical political philosophy, and mathematics or topology. My task has been to explore the consequent occlusion which psychoanalysis has suffered in each of these three felds and to tease out the possibility of a return to the Real. Keywords: Psychoanalysis, Jacques Lacan, Anarchism, Slavoj Žižek, Alain Badiou, Hysteria, Obsession, Topology, Number Theory ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank my immediate family for supporting me through-out the decades long journey which brought me to this point (Joady, Soren, Francis, Kathy, Jeff and April, and Elva); Dr. Davide Panagia for his uplifting words, intellectual intensity, and academic support (specifcally, for fnancial support which permitted intensive seminar engagement with Dr. Slavoj Žižek and Dr. Alain Badiou in Switzerland); Dr. Charmaine Eddy for believing in my work, keeping my spirits high, remaining on the level with me, and offering me the terrifying freedom to plumb the depths of the Real; Dr. Ihor Junyk for his advice and academic support; countless friends at Natas Cafe in Peterborough (Ontario, Canada) for their daily conversation; Dr. Elaine Stavro for her academic support and intellectual energy; Dr. Levi Bryant for sharing his good work, and, for a few weeks, his classroom at the Global Center for Advanced Studies; Richard Klein for his continual archival support; Sean Eyre, Vern Ore, and the late John Cumin for recognizing greatness in the poor and penniless; Eileen Joy and Aragorn! for support in various para-academic projects; Dr. Alain Badiou for having faith in my unique editorial strategies and for giving so much to the world; Dr. Slavoj Žižek for his encouragement and unprecedented generosity; the various members of “Lacan Toronto” and “Speaking of Lacan” for building a point upon which thinking is once again made possible; and Dr. Mavis Himes for opening up the possibility of my future analytic formation. Altered chapters from this manuscript have appeared in Umbr(a): A Journal of the Unconscious, Svitlana Matviyenko & Judith Roof’s Lacan & the Post-Human iii (University of Minnesota Press), S: Journal of the Circle for Lacanian Ideology Critique, and Psychoanalysis, Culture and Society. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract ii Acknowledgements iii List of Figures & Tables vi // Introduction 1 // Metaphysics & Hysteria 6 Eisegesis of Hysteria in Lacan’s Teaching The Phallus as Signifying Function From Signifying Function to the Dingifying Function The New Contradiction: Things and Subjects Non-Psychoanalysis: The New Hysterical Question // Politics & Obsession 82 From Hysteria to Obsession On the Question of Style The Repetition of a Question & The Question of Repetition From Obsession to Hysteria The Good Work of the Slave The Situation of Obsessional Politics The Knot of Rupture // Numbers & Things 180 Making Things Count & Things Making Count The Coup de Force of ‘3’ Transcendental Barriers for Thinking Immanence How to Make a Borromean Knot Out of a Single Piece of String // Conclusion 252 Works Cited 254 v LIST OF FIGURES & TABLES 1. Lacan’s “L Schema” (note: this diagram appears several times) 2. Matheme of Analyst’s Discourse (note: this diagram appears several times) 3. Matheme of University Discourse (note: this diagram appears several times) 4. Matheme of Hysteric’s Discourse 5. Matheme of Master’s Discourse (note: this diagram appears several times) 6. Lacan’s “R Schema” 7. Lacan’s Chart on Sexuation (note: this diagram appears several times) 8. Table of Top Portion of Lacan’s Chart on Sexuation 9. Adaptation of Lacan’s Sexuation Chart 10. Chart on Things & Subjects / Subjects & Not Things 11. Chart on t[$] / $[a] 12. Chart on Marked and Unmarked Spaces (Subject and Thing) 13. Bruce Fink’s Diagram of the Two Orders of the Real 14. Chart on Marked and Unmarked Spaces (Object and Subject) 15. Lacan’s Diagram of Drive 16. Obsessional Knot (Simplifed Version) 17. Adaptation on Schema L with emphasis on Clinical Transference 18. Obsessional Knot (Completed Version) 19. Caravaggio’s Two “Sacrifce of Isaac” Paintings (WikiCommons) 20. Obsessional Knot (Rupture Version) 21. Borromean Knot (WikiCommons) vi 22. Chart of Borromean Numericity 23. Diagram on Frege’s Number (Including Logic of Withdrawal) 24. Mathemes of Number, Concept, and Object (Frege, Miller) 25. Frege Diagram on Logic of Succession 26. Chart on Adjectival and Nounal Orders 27. Adaptation of Lacan’s Symbolic Chain (Constancy, Dissymmetry, Alternation) 28. Alternation Constancy Diagram 29. Constancy Alternation Diagram 30. Completed Series Example of Constancy, Dissymmetry, Alternation 31. Lacan’s 1-3 Network (Adapted for Clarity) 32. Lacan’s “L-Chain” 33. Multi-Tiered L-Chain 34. Chart on Third Tier of L-Chain (Derived from Bruce Fink’s Work) 35. Binary Rubric for Third Tier of L-Chain 36. Completed Multi-Tiered L-Chain 37. Modifed L-Chain 38. Flattened Topology of L-Chain 39. Adaptation of Jacques-Alain Miller’s $[a] Topology 40. Problematic Symbolic Topology from L-Chain 41. Borromean Knot with Some Variables (note: this diagram appears twice) 42. Two Phallic Orbits 43. Screen Captures of Borromean-Esque Orbits (Four Captures) 44. Borromean Knot with d-string vii 45. Torus (WikiCommons) viii 1 INTRODUCTION This manuscript is organized into three chapters. The chapters may be read in isolation from one another or in succession. In either case, the overarching argument concerns Lacanian Realism, that is, the Lacanian theory of the Real. Initially, my argument may seem quite modest: I claim that Lacanians have been preoccupied with a particular modality of the Real, one that insists on interrupting, limiting, or exceeding the various orders or agencies of the human mind. 1 The implications of such a position are worth considering. For example, one must, as a consequence of holding this position, bracket questions pertaining to Things outside of the Symbolic and Imaginary psychical systems. Careful study shall expose the extent to which this position has infuenced each of the major felds inspired by Jacques Lacan: clinical psychoanalysis, radical political philosophy, and mathematics or topology. My task has been to explore the consequent occlusion that psychoanalysis has suffered in each of these three felds and to tease out the possibility of a return to the Real. It seems to me that the prevailing position on Lacanian Realism has been at odds with the Borromean framework proffered by Lacan in the later years of his teaching. This framework emphasizes the relative autonomy and mutual dependence of each of the three psychical agencies (Real, Symbolic, and Imaginary). It is therefore possible to discover another version of the Lacanian Real which supplements rather than refutes the prevailing orientation and which remains tied to the Borromean framework. To put it in rather simple terms: there are Things in 1 For example, this is the salient position of Slavoj Žižek, Alenka Zupančič, Bruce Fink, Lorenzo Chiesa, Jacques-Alain Miller, Yves Duroux, Joan Copjec, and many others. It is also frequently the position of Jacques Lacan. 2 the Real which are irreducible to the Freudian Realitätsprinzip (the “reality” principle), and, to borrow a phrase from Jane Bennett, these “things have a power too.”2 I have thereby produced three points of departure corresponding to each respective feld (clinical psychoanalysis, radical political philosophy, and mathematics or topology) each of which allow us to rethink the question of Things: (1) the process of “withdrawal” within clinical and metaphysical thought, (2) the concept of “rupture” within the feld of radical political philosophy, and; (3) the concept of “zero” or “gravity” in mathematics and topology. This manuscript was the result of three years of intensive study. The material provided here has its basis in the primary texts, yet I have no illusions: without a doubt, more convincing works in the direction of new Lacanian Realism shall be produced within the next few years. Without discounting what will come to be remarkable brevity and innovation, I know very well that few of these attempts shall be as rigorous and faithful to the letter as mine. At the time of writing I am aware of at least one edited volume by Lorenzo Chiesa that has brought together the brightest minds to explore this and other topics,3 and one special issue of Umbr(a): A Journal of the Unconscious (Joan Copjec, Ed.) dedicated to reassessing the role of the psychoanalytic object (objet petit a). The publication of these volumes is a remarkable feat which indicates that a critical moment for Lacanian Realism is afoot and that a new question has forced itself into the minds of analysts and philosophers alike. 2 Jane Bennett. (2009) Vibrant Matter: A Political Ecology of Things. Duke University Press. 3 Lorenzo Chiesa, Ed. (2014) Lacan and Philosophy: The New Generation. re.press. 3 My point of departure has at all times been Lacan’s spoken and written word.
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