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Contributions to a Chromosome Atlas of the New Zealand Flora – 40

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Contributions to a Chromosome Atlas of the New Zealand Flora – 40 New Zealand Journal of Botany ISSN: 0028-825X (Print) 1175-8643 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tnzb20 Contributions to a chromosome atlas of the New Zealand flora – 40. Miscellaneous counts for 36 families BG Murray & PJ de Lange To cite this article: BG Murray & PJ de Lange (2013) Contributions to a chromosome atlas of the New Zealand flora – 40. Miscellaneous counts for 36 families, New Zealand Journal of Botany, 51:1, 31-60, DOI: 10.1080/0028825X.2012.747969 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0028825X.2012.747969 Published online: 25 Feb 2013. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 175 View related articles Citing articles: 4 View citing articles Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=tnzb20 Download by: [125.239.173.16] Date: 29 August 2017, At: 02:15 New Zealand Journal of Botany, 2013 Vol. 51, No. 1, 31Á60, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0028825X.2012.747969 Contributions to a chromosome atlas of the New Zealand flora 40. Miscellaneous counts for 36 families Á BG Murraya* and PJ de Langeb aSchool of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; bEcosystems Unit, Science and Technical Group, Department of Conservation, Auckland, New Zealand (Received 20 August 2012; accepted 2 November 2012) Chromosome numbers are reported for 112 endemic or indigenous vascular plants from New Zealand. Ninety one of these are new and the remainder provide confirmation of previous counts. Many of the counts fill gaps in the available record of chromosome numbers of New Zealand plants and a summary table provides a list of the genera where numbers remain to be determined. With the publication of these numbers, c. 85% of the indigenous vascular flora of New Zealand now has a documented chromosome number. Keywords: chromosome numbers; vascular plants; New Zealand flora; Lycopodiidae; Poly- podiidae; Magnoliidae Introduction vascular plants of New Zealand. Nevertheless, Chromosome numbers are a valuable indicator there remain whole genera, such as Euphrasia of biodiversity as well as providing characters and Gahnia, for which no chromosome numbers that are of use in systematic and evolutionary are known for New Zealand species and several studies (Stace 2000) and also help in the under- large genera, such as Carex, Dracophyllum, standing of issues of genetic diversity in the Lepidium, Myosotis and Pimelea,forwhich conservation of rare and endangered species (de counts are lacking for many of the species. In Lange et al. 2008; Young & Murray 2000). addition, many of the published chromosome Following the publication of comprehensive counts have been obtained from single represen- indices of chromosome numbers of indigenous tatives of the species and as there are now several vascular plants (Dawson 2000; Dawson et al. significant examples of intraspecific chromosome Downloaded by [125.239.173.16] at 02:15 29 August 2017 2000), the gaps in the records for New Zealand variation, for example Raoulia australis Hook.f. were greatly clarified. Subsequent papers by and R. hookeri Allan (Dawson et al. 1993) Hebe Dawson et al. (2007), de Lange & Murray odora (Hook.f.) Cockayne (Dawson & Beuzen- (2002), de Lange et al. (2004) and Murray et al. berg. 2000), Lobelia angulata (G.Forst.) Hook.f. (2005) have filled many of the gaps but chromo- (treated as Pratia angulata)(Murrayetal.2004) some numbers are still lacking for c. 20% of the and Crassula ruamahanga A.P.Druce (de Lange species. Using these indices and the recent papers et al. 2008), it is valuable to have counts made of new counts, the checklist of New Zealand from severalplants throughout their geographi- indigenous plants (de Lange & Rolfe 2010) and calrange. this publication we estimate that chromosome Here we report the chromosome numbers numbers are now known for c. 85% of the native for 110 taxa from 36 families, 90 of them for the *Corresponding author. Email: [email protected] # 2013 The RoyalSociety of New Zealand 32 BGMurray and PJ de Lange first time. Two counts are also provided, one graphs of the chromosomes of selected species for a Rarotongan (Cook Islands) plant of are shown in Figs. 1Á3. The following notes Alternanthera sessilis, a species not present in provide additionalinformation about the plants New Zealand (Heenan et al. 2009) and the that were studied. The taxonomic classes follow other for Plantago lanceolata, a common nat- the recent phylogenetic classification proposed uralised plant in New Zealand. by Chase and Reveal(2009). LYCOPODIIDAE Materials and methods The plants used in this study are listed in Table 1. They were collected from the wild and grown Lycopodiaceae either at the University of Auckland or at Huperzia and Lycopodium Oratia Native Plant Nursery, Oratia, Auckland. Voucher specimens are deposited in the As currently accepted (de Lange & Rolfe 2010), herbaria of the Auckland Institute and Mu- there are four genera of Lycopodiaceae in New seum (AK), Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Zealand, Huperzia, Isoetes, Lycopodiella and Tongarewa (WELT), Victoria University of Lycopodium. Counts have previously been re- Wellington (WELTU), Canterbury University ported for the two species of Isoetes by (CANU) and the Allan Herbarium (CHR). Marsden (1979) and for one species of Chromosomes were observed at mitotic meta- Lycopodiella (L. lateralis (R.Br.) B.Øllg.) and phase or meiotic metaphase I using the meth- one Lycopodium (L. scariosum G.Forst.) by de ods described in de Lange et al. (2004a). The Lange et al. (2004a). Here, we report new taxonomic treatment follows Allan (1961), the counts for New Zealand material of Huperzia Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG III 2009), varia (R. Br.) Trevis. (2n256), (the form Cheeseman (1925) and de Lange & Rolfe previously treated by Allan (1961) as Lyco- (2010). Threatened and uncommon plant rat- podium billardierei Spring), and for two species ings follow de Lange et al. (2009b). Authorities of Lycopodium, L. deuterodensum (2n68) and for plants for which chromosome counts are L. fastigiatum (2n60) (Fig. 1A). Huperzia presented here are given in Table 1, otherwise australiana (Herter) Holub and Lycopodium they are given in the text. volubile G.Forst. remain to be counted. Pub- We have not provided an exhaustive list lished counts for Huperzia from elsewhwere of all the previously reported chromosome include H. miyoshina (Makino) Ching (2n numbers in the genera that we have studied 134), H. occidentalis (Clue) Kartesz et Gandhi asthiswouldhaveresultedinanexcessively(2n134) and H. prolifera (Blume) Trevis. Downloaded by [125.239.173.16] at 02:15 29 August 2017 long reference list. However, extensive back- nc.278 (IPCN) show no obvious relationship ground information is available at ‘The Index to that of H. varia. However, a recent biosyste- to Plant Chromosome Numbers’ (IPCN) at matic investigation has shown that Huperzia is www.tropicos.org/Project/IPCN and for New paraphyletic, and that those species widely Zealand, a comprehensive listing of chromo- known as the ‘tasselferns’ of which H. varia some numbers is available on Nga¯ Tipu o s.l. is one, are distinct at genus level from Aotearoa New Zealand Plants (http://nzflora Huperzia s.s. (A. Field, James Cook University, .landcareresearch.co.nz). pers. comm. 2011). The count obtained for L. fastigiatum is the same as that obtained pre- viously for L. scariosum but neither shows Results and discussion any obvious numericalrelationshipto that of Table 1 contains a list of the chromosome L. deuterodensum, indicating cytological varia- numbers of all the plants studied and micro- bility in the genus. Chromosome atlas: 36 families 33 Table 1 Documented chromosome numbers of New Zealand (and Rarotongan) plants: miscellaneous genera. Species n 2n Source Voucher LYCOPODIIDAE Lycopodiaceae Huperzia varia (R.Br.) Trevis 256 North I., North Auckland, Waita¯kere Ra. AK 303460 Lycopodium deuterodensum Herter 68 North I., North Auckland, Waita¯kere Ra. AK 303416 Lycopodium fastigatum R.Br. 60 North I., Wellington, Tongariro National AK 303655 Park POLYPODIIDAE Blechnaceae Blechnum colensoi (Hook.f.) 122 North I., South Auckland, Rangitoto Ra. AK 297978 N.A.Wakef. B. fraseri (A.Cunn.) Luerss. 56 North I., North Auckland, Waita¯kere Ra. AK 303458 B. minus (R.Br.) Allan 56 North I., North Auckland, Waita¯kere Ra. AK 303461 Cyatheaceae Cyathea cunninghamii Hook.f 138 North I., South Auckland, Awaroa Scenic AK 331573 Reserve C. kermadecensis W.R.B.Oliv. 138 Kermadec Is., Raoul I AK 297198 Dryopteridaceae Lastreopsis kermadecensis Perrie 164 Kermadec Is., RaoulI AK 297199 et Brownsey Pteridaceae Adiantum viridescens Colenso 116 North I., South Auckland, Ka¯whia AK 297979 Cheilanthes distans (R.Br.) Mett. 116 North I., North Auckland, Penrose AK 297200 MAGNOLIIDAE Amaranthaceae *Alternanthera sessilis (L.) Roem. 28 Cook Is., Rarotonga AK 300435 et Schult. Apiaceae Anisotome lyallii Hook.f. 22 South I., Southland, Nugget Point AK 303471 Chaerophyllum colensoi var. 14 South I., Otago, O¯ hau Tarns AK 285854 Downloaded by [125.239.173.16] at 02:15 29 August 2017 deliculatum (Allan) K.F.Chung Daucus glochidiatus (Labill.) 44 North I., Wellington, E. Wairarapa AK 297601 Fisch., C.A.Mey. et Ave´ -Lall Asteliaceae Astelia aff. nervosa 140 North I., North Auckland, Tu¯ta¯moe Ra. AK 290709 Asteraceae Leptinella conjuncta Heenan 104 South I., Otago, Manuherikia CHR 572831 L. dispersa subsp. rupestris 52 North I., South Auckland, Karioitahi AK 303459 (D.G.Lloyd) D.G.Lloyd Gap et C.J.Webb Microseris scapigera (Sol. ex 36 South I., Otago, Old Man Ra. N.V. A.Cunn.) Sch.Bip. 34 BGMurray and PJ de Lange Table 1 (Continued ) Species n 2n Source Voucher Olearia lacunosa Hook.f. 108 North I., Wellington, Tararua Ra., Mt AK 315855 Holdsworth 108 North I., Wellington, Tararua Ra., Mt AK 331195 Holdsworth O. rani (A.Cunn.) Druce var. rani 108 North I., North Auckland, Waita¯kere Ra.
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