Nzbotsoc No 110 Dec 2012
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Temporal Development and Regeneration Dynamics of Restored Urban Forests
Temporal Development and Regeneration Dynamics of Restored Urban Forests By Katherine de Silva A thesis submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Masters in Ecology & Biodiversity School of Biological Sciences Faculty of Sciences Victoria University of Wellington October 2019 Supervisors: Stephen Hartley. Director of the Centre of Biodiversity & Restoration Ecology, Victoria University of Wellington Kiri Joy Wallace. Postdoctoral Fellow, Environmental Research Institute, University of Waikato. Katherine de Silva: Temporal Development and Regeneration Dynamics of Restored Urban Forests, © October 2019. 2 ABSTRACT Urban forest restoration programmes are a key tool used to initiate, re-create or accelerate the succession of forest species; improving ecosystem services, function, resilience and biodiversity. Succession is a temporal shift in species dominance driven by abiotic and biotic influences, but over decadal timescales the trajectory and success of restoration plantings in degraded urban environments can be hindered. To facilitate the successful reconstruction of forest ecosystems from scratch, an understanding of the temporal patterns in planted forest development, dynamics of seedling regeneration and dominant drivers of seedling diversity is required. Using a chronosequence approach, permanent plots were established at 44 restored urban forests aged 5 to 59 years since initial plantings took place, across five New Zealand cities between Wellington and Invercargill. Vegetation surveys were undertaken and data on micro- climate were collected. This study examined the 1) temporal dynamics of restored urban forest development and seedling regeneration and 2) dominant drivers of seedling regeneration. Data were analysed using linear regression models, breakpoint analysis and mixed-effects modelling. Early forest development (<20 years) exhibited the most changes in canopy composition and structure, forest floor dynamics, seedling community and microclimate. -
Plant Charts for Native to the West Booklet
26 Pohutukawa • Oi exposed coastal ecosystem KEY ♥ Nurse plant ■ Main component ✤ rare ✖ toxic to toddlers coastal sites For restoration, in this habitat: ••• plant liberally •• plant generally • plant sparingly Recommended planting sites Back Boggy Escarp- Sharp Steep Valley Broad Gentle Alluvial Dunes Area ment Ridge Slope Bottom Ridge Slope Flat/Tce Medium trees Beilschmiedia tarairi taraire ✤ ■ •• Corynocarpus laevigatus karaka ✖■ •••• Kunzea ericoides kanuka ♥■ •• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• Metrosideros excelsa pohutukawa ♥■ ••••• • •• •• Small trees, large shrubs Coprosma lucida shining karamu ♥ ■ •• ••• ••• •• •• Coprosma macrocarpa coastal karamu ♥ ■ •• •• •• •••• Coprosma robusta karamu ♥ ■ •••••• Cordyline australis ti kouka, cabbage tree ♥ ■ • •• •• • •• •••• Dodonaea viscosa akeake ■ •••• Entelea arborescens whau ♥ ■ ••••• Geniostoma rupestre hangehange ♥■ •• • •• •• •• •• •• Leptospermum scoparium manuka ♥■ •• •• • ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• Leucopogon fasciculatus mingimingi • •• ••• ••• • •• •• • Macropiper excelsum kawakawa ♥■ •••• •••• ••• Melicope ternata wharangi ■ •••••• Melicytus ramiflorus mahoe • ••• •• • •• ••• Myoporum laetum ngaio ✖ ■ •••••• Olearia furfuracea akepiro • ••• ••• •• •• Pittosporum crassifolium karo ■ •• •••• ••• Pittosporum ellipticum •• •• Pseudopanax lessonii houpara ■ ecosystem one •••••• Rhopalostylis sapida nikau ■ • •• • •• Sophora fulvida west coast kowhai ✖■ •• •• Shrubs and flax-like plants Coprosma crassifolia stiff-stemmed coprosma ♥■ •• ••••• Coprosma repens taupata ♥ ■ •• •••• •• -
The Fern Family Blechnaceae: Old and New
ANDRÉ LUÍS DE GASPER THE FERN FAMILY BLECHNACEAE: OLD AND NEW GENERA RE-EVALUATED, USING MOLECULAR DATA Tese apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal do Departamento de Botânica do Instituto de Ciências Biológicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, como requisito parcial à obtenção do título de Doutor em Biologia Vegetal. Área de Concentração Taxonomia vegetal BELO HORIZONTE – MG 2016 ANDRÉ LUÍS DE GASPER THE FERN FAMILY BLECHNACEAE: OLD AND NEW GENERA RE-EVALUATED, USING MOLECULAR DATA Tese apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal do Departamento de Botânica do Instituto de Ciências Biológicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, como requisito parcial à obtenção do título de Doutor em Biologia Vegetal. Área de Concentração Taxonomia Vegetal Orientador: Prof. Dr. Alexandre Salino Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Coorientador: Prof. Dr. Vinícius Antonio de Oliveira Dittrich Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora BELO HORIZONTE – MG 2016 Gasper, André Luís. 043 Thefern family blechnaceae : old and new genera re- evaluated, using molecular data [manuscrito] / André Luís Gasper. – 2016. 160 f. : il. ; 29,5 cm. Orientador: Alexandre Salino. Co-orientador: Vinícius Antonio de Oliveira Dittrich. Tese (doutorado) – Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Botânica. 1. Filogenia - Teses. 2. Samambaia – Teses. 3. RbcL. 4. Rps4. 5. Trnl. 5. TrnF. 6. Biologia vegetal - Teses. I. Salino, Alexandre. II. Dittrich, Vinícius Antônio de Oliveira. III. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Departamento de Botânica. IV. Título. À Sabrina, meus pais e a vida, que não se contém! À Lucia Sevegnani, que não pode ver esta obra concluída, mas que sempre foi motivo de inspiração. -
The Chloroplast Genome of Arthropodium Bifurcatum
Copyright is owned by the Author of the thesis. Permission is given for a copy to be downloaded by an individual for the purpose of research and private study only. The thesis may not be reproduced elsewhere without the permission of the Author. The Chloroplast Genome of Arthropodium bifurcatum. A thesis presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Biological Sciences Massey University Palmerston North, New Zealand Simon James Lethbridge Cox 2010 Abstract This thesis describes the application of high throughput (Illumina) short read sequencing and analyses to obtain the chloroplast genome sequence of Arthropodium bifurcatum and chloroplast genome markers for future testing of hypotheses that explain geographic distributions of Rengarenga – the name Maori give to species of Arthropodium in New Zealand. It has been proposed that A.cirratum was translocated from regions in the north of New Zealand to zones further south due to its value as a food crop. In order to develop markers to test this hypothesis, the chloroplast genome of the closely related A.bifurcatum was sequenced and annotated. A range of tools were used to handle the large quantities of data produced by the Illumina GAIIx. Programs included the de novo assembler Velvet, alignment tools BWA and Bowtie, the viewer Tablet and the quality control program SolexaQA. The A.bifurcatum genome was then used as a reference to align long range PCR products amplified from multiple accessions of A.cirratum and A.bifurcatum sampled from a range of geographic locations. From this alignment variable SNP markers were identified. -
Inquiry Into Ecosystem Decline in Victoria
LC EPC Inquiry into Ecosystem Decline in Victoria Submission 100 Inquiry into Ecosystem Decline in riverside woodland each spring, to follow up the major project, and that is very impressive. Victoria Pre-Europeans, there was a significant population of The extent of the decline of Victoria’s biodiversity Manna Gum in the area, but the last big old tree died Vegetation: trees and collapsed five years ago, so my group has planted about 10 as the start of an effort to reintroduce this In 1993 Randall Robinson was employed by Heidel- species. berg Council to develop a flora species list for Wilson Reserve, Ivanhoe East. He identified 172 species, of Shrubs which 101 were weeds, some of them very minor but The pre-European landscape in Ivanhoe included many of them very serious threats to the riverside about 10 shrub species (up to 10 m tall), but after habitats. In the 27 years since then, especially since many decades of the Yarra’s north bank being the council amalgamations in 1996, Banyule Council devoted to dairy farming, to the 1930s, only two have has somewhat increased its commitment to habitat survived: Tree Violet and Prickly Currant Bush, both management and restoration. But very large parts of of which are super-abundant, far more than would be the Yarra riverside environment within Banyule are the case in a healthy mixed-species ecosystem. So my not managed at all and Banyule has made it clear it Friends group has, among other things, planted has no intention of managing it. hundreds of shrub seedlings of the species that went The unmanaged sections are as a result overwhelmed missing: Blackwood wattle, Prickly Moses wattle, by a variety of weed species: trees, shrubs, ground- Hazel pomaderris, Victorian Christmas Bush, Hop covers, grasses, climbing creepers. -
LIZARD GARDENS ‒ a Planting Guide
LIZARD GARDENS – A Planting Guide New Zealand’s skinks and geckos have experienced chronic decline in the face of introduced pests, namely rats, pet cats, mice, hedgehogs and mustelids (stoats, ferrets and weasels). These days most peoples’ experience of lizards is via the one their cat brought in. This will continue to be the norm, unless we do something about it! The three main things you can do to help skinks and geckos in your backyard are to provide food, shelter and undertake pest control. Food: berries and nectar from fruiting and flowering native plants, insects and moisture i.e. lots of mulch. Shelter: rock piles, rotting logs, driftwood, stacks of timber, retaining walls, don’t throw out your prunings, dump them in a pile out of the way, skinks will thank you for it. Pest control: get trapping! Trapping rats and mice is a start but hedgehogs are actually a real problem for lizards in urban settings. Consider getting a DOC200 to trap those spiny pests. You can bury them under your native plants to provide an excellent source of fertiliser. Bait is effective for rodents in particular, and means you don’t have to deal with dead bodies. Also, keep your cat inside at night and consider not replacing it when it dies. To help you get started, this planting guide has been developed by gardeners and conservationists from the Kāpiti Coast. We live in a harsh coastal sand environment battered by salt spray, high wind and regular droughts. The following plant list has been developed with that in mind. -
Functional Role of Betalains in Disphyma Australe Under Salinity Stress
FUNCTIONAL ROLE OF BETALAINS IN DISPHYMA AUSTRALE UNDER SALINITY STRESS BY GAGANDEEP JAIN A thesis submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington In fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Victoria University of Wellington (2016) i “ An understanding of the natural world and what’s in it is a source of not only a great curiosity but great fulfillment” -- David Attenborough ii iii Abstract Foliar betalainic plants are commonly found in dry and exposed environments such as deserts and sandbanks. This marginal habitat has led many researchers to hypothesise that foliar betalains provide tolerance to abiotic stressors such as strong light, drought, salinity and low temperatures. Among these abiotic stressors, soil salinity is a major problem for agriculture affecting approximately 20% of the irrigated lands worldwide. Betacyanins may provide functional significance to plants under salt stress although this has not been unequivocally demonstrated. The purpose of this thesis is to add knowledge of the various roles of foliar betacyanins in plants under salt stress. For that, a series of experiments were performed on Disphyma australe, which is a betacyanic halophyte with two distinct colour morphs in vegetative shoots. In chapter two, I aimed to find the effect of salinity stress on betacyanin pigmentation in D. australe and it was hypothesised that betacyanic morphs are physiologically more tolerant to salinity stress than acyanic morphs. Within a coastal population of red and green morphs of D. australe, betacyanin pigmentation in red morphs was a direct result of high salt and high light exposure. Betacyanic morphs were physiologically more tolerant to salt stress as they showed greater maximum CO2 assimilation rates, water use efficiencies, photochemical quantum yields and photochemical quenching than acyanic morphs. -
BSO Feb 2017 Newsletter Final
Newsletter Number 80 February 2017 February 2017 BSO Newsletter 80 2 BSO Meetings and Field Trips Saturday 4th February 8.00 am Field Trip to Herbert Forest. One of the positive aspects to come out of plantation forestry has been the setting aside of areas of native vegetation that might otherwise have missed out on protection. Blakely Pacific’s forestry operations at Herbert encircle a number of such areas. Subject to forestry operations this field trip will take us into one of several examples of dry, coastal podocarp forest. Leaving early and returning late afternoon. Further details on our website nearer to the time. Contact John Steel 021 2133 170, email [email protected] Wed 22nd February 2017 5.20 pm Botanical gems of Stewart Island/Rakiura. Speaker: John Barkla, Department of Conservation. Over the past year John and Marilyn have undertaken a couple of long tramping trips through Stewart Island/Rakiura reacquainting themselves with the island’s amazing biodiversity they first experienced over 25 years ago. John will talk about the special plants and ecosystems for which Stewart Island/Rakiura is now the national stronghold. Wednesday 8th March 5.20 pm Breaking Down Decomposition: Using Teabags to Investigate Decomposition Rates along Aspect and Elevation Gradients. Speaker: Dr. Barbara J. Anderson, Ecologist and Research Scientist, Landcare Research. Barbara and her colleagues use the newly developed Tea Bag Index (TBI) to investigate the relative effects of microclimate on decomposition rate along aspect and elevation gradients on Mt. Cardrona, Central Otago, from 500m to 1936m. The Teabag Index exploits the difference in relative decomposability of Green Tea and Red Tea to construct a decomposition curve over a single three month time period. -
2016 Census of the Vascular Plants of Tasmania
A CENSUS OF THE VASCULAR PLANTS OF TASMANIA, INCLUDING MACQUARIE ISLAND MF de Salas & ML Baker 2016 edition Tasmanian Herbarium, Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery Department of State Growth Tasmanian Vascular Plant Census 2016 A Census of the Vascular Plants of Tasmania, Including Macquarie Island. 2016 edition MF de Salas and ML Baker Postal address: Street address: Tasmanian Herbarium College Road PO Box 5058 Sandy Bay, Tasmania 7005 UTAS LPO Australia Sandy Bay, Tasmania 7005 Australia © Tasmanian Herbarium, Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery Published by the Tasmanian Herbarium, Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery GPO Box 1164 Hobart, Tasmania 7001 Australia www.tmag.tas.gov.au Cite as: de Salas, M.F. and Baker, M.L. (2016) A Census of the Vascular Plants of Tasmania, Including Macquarie Island. (Tasmanian Herbarium, Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery. Hobart) www.tmag.tas.gov.au ISBN 978-1-921599-83-5 (PDF) 2 Tasmanian Vascular Plant Census 2016 Introduction The classification systems used in this Census largely follow Cronquist (1981) for flowering plants (Angiosperms) and McCarthy (1998) for conifers, ferns and their allies. The same classification systems are used to arrange the botanical collections of the Tasmanian Herbarium and by the Flora of Australia series published by the Australian Biological Resources Study (ABRS). For a more up-to-date classification of the flora refer to The Flora of Tasmania Online (Duretto 2009+) which currently follows APG II (2003). This census also serves as an index to The Student’s Flora of Tasmania (Curtis 1963, 1967, 1979; Curtis & Morris 1975, 1994). Species accounts can be found in The Student’s Flora of Tasmania by referring to the volume and page number reference that is given in the rightmost column (e.g. -
A Planter's Handbook for Northland Natives
A planter’s handbook for Northland natives Including special plants for wetlands, coast and bird food Tiakina nga manu, ka ora te ngahere. Ka ora te ngahere, ka ora nga manu. Look after the birds and the forest flourishes. If the forest flourishes, the birds flourish. Photo courtesy of ????? ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS All photos by Lisa Forester, Katrina Hansen, Jacki Byrd, Brian Chudleigh, Nan Pullman, Malcolm Pullman and Tawapou Coastal Natives. All images copyright of Northland Regional Council unless specified. First published 1999. Updated and reprinted 2020. ISBN: 978-0-909006-65-5. Choosing the right plants Are you deciding on what native Northland plants to use on your land? Whether you’re deciding on plants for landscaping or restoration, this handbook will help. Getting started Photo courtesy of Brian Chudleigh Read on to find out the size and growth rate of plants and which natives attract wildlife. While not listing every plant native to Northland, this book contains a wide range that may be available in local nurseries. Charts on each page show whether a plant provides food for birds, what its final height may be and how quickly it grows. The book also includes plants that will handle harsh coastal environments, windy and/or dry Although primarily a fruit locations and frosts, as well as those plants eater the kūkupa will that tolerate shade or a wetter habitat. This sometimes eat the flowers information will help you choose plants that and new shoots of the kōwhai, Sophora microphylla will benefit you, the local wildlife, and the and some other trees, when environment. -
Friends of the Christchurch Botanic Gardens Newsletter 76
Newsletter For Friends of the Christchurch Botanic Gardens Inc To Promote, Protect, & Preserve No 76, Autumn 2009 President’s Report Preparations for the Ellerslie International Flower Show are already underway in Hagley Park. Many of us who are interested in horticulture and gardening are looking forward to this major event to be opened to the public during the second week of March. There will no doubt be a certain amount of glitz and glamour associated with such an event. However, looking beyond Ellerslie 2009, I really hope that this event will reinforce the greater need to maintain and enhance the city’s public garden areas so as to keep Christchurch as the country’s leading garden city. In regards to our own Botanic Gardens I am also hopeful that the Ellerslie Flower Show will have some spin-off benefits. What a wonderful opportunity we have to show off our gardens to the visitors going to the Ellerslie Show and within such a short walking distance from it. The architectural competition for the design of the new Botanic Gardens Centre is currently being considered by the Council and a decision should be made soon. This will be great asset for the gardens and is long overdue. Without doubt, a facility of this standard will help raise the gardens international rating. It goes without saying of course, that the staff especially will appreciate the new building as well as the Friends plus the numerous visitors who come to the gardens throughout the whole year. Please make sure you visit the Friends exhibit at the Ellerslie Show. -
Full List of Native Plant Species in the Topehaehae Gully Restoration
Full list of native plant species in the Topehaehae Gully Restoration Species Common name Māori name 2017 2018 2019 2020 Total Agathis australis Kauri 8 2 1 11 Alectryon excelsus NZ Ash Tītoki 10 2 12 Alseuosmia macrophylla Toropapa, Karapapa 10 10 Aristotelia serrata Wineberry Makomako 72 6 78 Astelia grandis Swamp astelia 5 25 1 14 45 Astelia hastata Collospermum Kahakaha 2 2 4 Astelia solandri Perching astelia/lily Kaiwharawhara 4 1 5 Beilschmiedia tawa Tawa 6 2 8 Bolboschoenus fluviatilis Marsh clubrush Pūrua grass 10 10 Brachyglottis repanda Rangiora 16 16 Carex dissita 5 10 15 Carex geminata 1 1 Carex lambertiana 10 10 Carex secta Pukio 100 180 280 Carex solandri 95 17 8 6 126 Carex sp. Sedge Pūrei 1 1 2 Hook grass, Dense Carex uncinata sedge Kamu, Matau-a-māui 10 10 Carex virgata Swamp sedge Pukio, Toitoi, Toetoe 30 30 Carmichaelia australis NZ broom Mākaka 40 1 41 Carpodetus serratus Marbleleaf Putaputawētā 35 30 1 66 Clematis paniculata Clematis Puawānanga 1 2 3 Coprosma arborea Tree karamu Māmāngi 8 16 24 Coprosma areolata Thin leaved Coprosma 8 98 106 Large leaved Coprosma grandifolia Coprosma Kanono 26 78 13 117 Coprosma lucida Broadleaf Karamū 6 2 21 29 Coprosma propinqua Mingimingi 14 95 2 27 138 Coprosma rhamnoides Red-fruited coprosma 10 30 2 42 Coprosma rigida Stiff karamū 25 225 12 262 Coprosma robusta Karamū 226 73 299 Round-leaved Coprosma rotundifolia Coprosma 11 4 15 30 Coprosma spathulata 6 4 10 Coprosma tenuicaulis Swamp Coprosma Hukihuki 27 20 24 71 Cordyline australis Cabbage tree Tī kōuka 157 7 34 198 Cyperus