DOCSLIB.ORG

Flora of New Zealand Ferns and Lycophytes Pteridaceae Pj Brownsey

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND FERNS AND LYCOPHYTES PTERIDACEAE P.J. BROWNSEY & L.R. PERRIE Fascicle 30 – JUNE 2021 © Landcare Research New Zealand Limited 2021. Unless indicated otherwise for specific items, this copyright work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence Attribution if redistributing to the public without adaptation: "Source: Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research" Attribution if making an adaptation or derivative work: "Sourced from Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research" See Image Information for copyright and licence details for images. CATALOGUING IN PUBLICATION Brownsey, P. J. (Patrick John), 1948– Flora of New Zealand : ferns and lycophytes. Fascicle 30, Pteridaceae / P.J. Brownsey and L.R. Perrie. -- Lincoln, N.Z.: Manaaki Whenua Press, 2021. 1 online resource ISBN 978-0-947525-72-9 (pdf) ISBN 978-0-478-34761-6 (set) 1.Ferns -- New Zealand – Identification. I. Perrie, L. R. (Leon Richard). II. Title. III. Manaaki Whenua- Landcare Research New Zealand Ltd. UDC 582.394.742(931) DC 587.30993 DOI: 10.7931/dtkj-x078 This work should be cited as: Brownsey, P.J. & Perrie, L.R. 2021: Pteridaceae. In: Breitwieser, I. (ed.) Flora of New Zealand — Ferns and Lycophytes. Fascicle 30. Manaaki Whenua Press, Lincoln. http://dx.doi.org/10.7931/dtkj-x078 Date submitted: 10 Aug 2020; Date accepted: 13 Oct 2020; Date published: 8 June 2021 Cover image: Pteris macilenta. Adaxial surface of 2-pinnate-pinnatifid frond, with basal secondary pinnae on basal primary pinnae clearly stalked. Contents Introduction..............................................................................................................................................1 Taxa Pteridaceae E.D.M.Kirchn. ................................................................................................................ 2 Adiantum L. ....................................................................................................................................... 3 Adiantum aethiopicum L. ................................................................................................................... 5 Adiantum capillus-veneris L. ..............................................................................................................7 Adiantum cunninghamii Hook. ...........................................................................................................9 Adiantum diaphanum Blume ........................................................................................................... 12 Adiantum formosum R.Br. ............................................................................................................... 15 Adiantum fulvum Raoul ................................................................................................................... 18 Adiantum hispidulum Sw. ................................................................................................................ 20 Adiantum raddianum C.Presl ...........................................................................................................23 Anogramma Link ............................................................................................................................. 25 Anogramma leptophylla (L.) Link .....................................................................................................26 Cheilanthes Sw. ...............................................................................................................................29 Cheilanthes distans (R.Br.) Mett. .....................................................................................................30 Cheilanthes sieberi Kunze ...............................................................................................................32 Cheilanthes sieberi Kunze subsp. sieberi ........................................................................................32 Cheilanthes viridis (Forssk.) Sw. ..................................................................................................... 35 Myriopteris Fée ................................................................................................................................36 Myriopteris lendigera (Cav.) Fée. .................................................................................................... 37 Pellaea Link ..................................................................................................................................... 38 Pellaea calidirupium Brownsey & Lovis ...........................................................................................39 Pellaea rotundifolia (G.Forst.) Hook. ............................................................................................... 42 Pteris L. ........................................................................................................................................... 45 Pteris argyraea T.Moore .................................................................................................................. 47 Pteris carsei Braggins & Brownsey ................................................................................................. 48 Pteris cretica L. ................................................................................................................................51 Pteris dentata Forssk. ......................................................................................................................53 Pteris epaleata D.J.Ohlsen ..............................................................................................................55 Pteris macilenta A.Rich. .................................................................................................................. 56 Pteris multifida Poir. .........................................................................................................................59 Pteris pacifica Hieron. ......................................................................................................................60 Pteris parkeri hort. ex J.J.Parker ..................................................................................................... 61 Pteris saxatilis (Carse) Carse .......................................................................................................... 62 Pteris tremula R.Br. ......................................................................................................................... 65 Pteris vittata L. .................................................................................................................................67 References ........................................................................................................................................... 70 Acknowledgements ...............................................................................................................................76 Maps .....................................................................................................................................................77 Index .....................................................................................................................................................79 Image Information .................................................................................................................................80 Introduction Pteridaceae is a large family that is almost cosmopolitan in distribution, but has its greatest diversity in the tropics and in arid regions. It is represented in New Zealand by five indigenous genera (Adiantum, Anogramma, Cheilanthes, Pellaea, Pteris) and 16 indigenous species, five of which are endemic, and another ten that are fully naturalised or casual. In addition there is a wholly naturalised genus, Myriopteris with a single species. Members of Pteridaceae in New Zealand are terrestrial species with erect to long-creeping rhizomes and 1–5-pinnate fronds. The sori are either completely unprotected and extend along the veins, or are marginal and protected by the modified inrolled lamina margin. All species have trilete spores. Adiantum includes six indigenous species, two of them endemic, and another two naturalised, all characterised by their polished dark brown stipes, flabellate or oblong ultimate lamina segments, and sori protected by reniform or oblong reflexed lamina flaps. Anogramma leptophylla is the sole species of the genus in New Zealand, distinguished by its small delicate laminae, and unprotected sori extending along the veins. Cheilanthes is represented by two indigenous and one casual species, having small to medium-sized, 2–3-pinnate fronds, and elongated marginal sori protected by inrolled pinna margins. Pellaea has two non-endemic indigenous species, with long-creeping rhizomes, pinnate fronds, scaly stipes and rachises, and scarcely protected sori almost continuous around the pinna margins. Pteris comprises five indigenous species, three of them endemic, and seven naturalised or casual species, with medium to large, 1–4-pinnate fronds, and sori continuous along the pinna edges, protected by membranous inrolled pinna margins. Most species of Pteridaceae in New Zealand occur more frequently in northern or eastern parts of the country. Adiantum cunninghamii and Pellaea rotundifolia are unusual in being widespread species. Adiantum aethiopicum, A. diaphanum, A. fulvum, A. hispidulum, P. macilenta, P. saxatilis and P. tremula have a mainly northern distribution extending only to northern parts of the South Island,
Recommended publications
  • Download Document

    Download Document

    African countries and neighbouring islands covered by the Synopsis. S T R E L I T Z I A 23 Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighbouring islands by J.P. Roux Pretoria 2009 S T R E L I T Z I A This series has replaced Memoirs of the Botanical Survey of South Africa and Annals of the Kirstenbosch Botanic Gardens which SANBI inherited from its predecessor organisations. The plant genus Strelitzia occurs naturally in the eastern parts of southern Africa. It comprises three arborescent species, known as wild bananas, and two acaulescent species, known as crane flowers or bird-of-paradise flowers. The logo of the South African National Biodiversity Institute is based on the striking inflorescence of Strelitzia reginae, a native of the Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal that has become a garden favourite worldwide. It sym- bolises the commitment of the Institute to champion the exploration, conservation, sustain- able use, appreciation and enjoyment of South Africa’s exceptionally rich biodiversity for all people. J.P. Roux South African National Biodiversity Institute, Compton Herbarium, Cape Town SCIENTIFIC EDITOR: Gerrit Germishuizen TECHNICAL EDITOR: Emsie du Plessis DESIGN & LAYOUT: Elizma Fouché COVER DESIGN: Elizma Fouché, incorporating Blechnum palmiforme on Gough Island PHOTOGRAPHS J.P. Roux Citing this publication ROUX, J.P. 2009. Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighbouring islands. Strelitzia 23. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. ISBN: 978-1-919976-48-8 © Published by: South African National Biodiversity Institute. Obtainable from: SANBI Bookshop, Private Bag X101, Pretoria, 0001 South Africa.
  • Biodiversity: the UK Overseas Territories. Peterborough, Joint Nature Conservation Committee

    Biodiversity: the UK Overseas Territories. Peterborough, Joint Nature Conservation Committee

    Biodiversity: the UK Overseas Territories Compiled by S. Oldfield Edited by D. Procter and L.V. Fleming ISBN: 1 86107 502 2 © Copyright Joint Nature Conservation Committee 1999 Illustrations and layout by Barry Larking Cover design Tracey Weeks Printed by CLE Citation. Procter, D., & Fleming, L.V., eds. 1999. Biodiversity: the UK Overseas Territories. Peterborough, Joint Nature Conservation Committee. Disclaimer: reference to legislation and convention texts in this document are correct to the best of our knowledge but must not be taken to infer definitive legal obligation. Cover photographs Front cover: Top right: Southern rockhopper penguin Eudyptes chrysocome chrysocome (Richard White/JNCC). The world’s largest concentrations of southern rockhopper penguin are found on the Falkland Islands. Centre left: Down Rope, Pitcairn Island, South Pacific (Deborah Procter/JNCC). The introduced rat population of Pitcairn Island has successfully been eradicated in a programme funded by the UK Government. Centre right: Male Anegada rock iguana Cyclura pinguis (Glen Gerber/FFI). The Anegada rock iguana has been the subject of a successful breeding and re-introduction programme funded by FCO and FFI in collaboration with the National Parks Trust of the British Virgin Islands. Back cover: Black-browed albatross Diomedea melanophris (Richard White/JNCC). Of the global breeding population of black-browed albatross, 80 % is found on the Falkland Islands and 10% on South Georgia. Background image on front and back cover: Shoal of fish (Charles Sheppard/Warwick
  • (Polypodiales) Plastomes Reveals Two Hypervariable Regions Maria D

    (Polypodiales) Plastomes Reveals Two Hypervariable Regions Maria D

    Logacheva et al. BMC Plant Biology 2017, 17(Suppl 2):255 DOI 10.1186/s12870-017-1195-z RESEARCH Open Access Comparative analysis of inverted repeats of polypod fern (Polypodiales) plastomes reveals two hypervariable regions Maria D. Logacheva1, Anastasiya A. Krinitsina1, Maxim S. Belenikin1,2, Kamil Khafizov2,3, Evgenii A. Konorov1,4, Sergey V. Kuptsov1 and Anna S. Speranskaya1,3* From Belyaev Conference Novosibirsk, Russia. 07-10 August 2017 Abstract Background: Ferns are large and underexplored group of vascular plants (~ 11 thousands species). The genomic data available by now include low coverage nuclear genomes sequences and partial sequences of mitochondrial genomes for six species and several plastid genomes. Results: We characterized plastid genomes of three species of Dryopteris, which is one of the largest fern genera, using sequencing of chloroplast DNA enriched samples and performed comparative analysis with available plastomes of Polypodiales, the most species-rich group of ferns. We also sequenced the plastome of Adianthum hispidulum (Pteridaceae). Unexpectedly, we found high variability in the IR region, including duplication of rrn16 in D. blanfordii, complete loss of trnI-GAU in D. filix-mas, its pseudogenization due to the loss of an exon in D. blanfordii. Analysis of previously reported plastomes of Polypodiales demonstrated that Woodwardia unigemmata and Lepisorus clathratus have unusual insertions in the IR region. The sequence of these inserted regions has high similarity to several LSC fragments of ferns outside of Polypodiales and to spacer between tRNA-CGA and tRNA-TTT genes of mitochondrial genome of Asplenium nidus. We suggest that this reflects the ancient DNA transfer from mitochondrial to plastid genome occurred in a common ancestor of ferns.
  • Pteridophyte Fungal Associations: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives

    Pteridophyte Fungal Associations: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives

    This is a repository copy of Pteridophyte fungal associations: Current knowledge and future perspectives. White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/109975/ Version: Accepted Version Article: Pressel, S, Bidartondo, MI, Field, KJ orcid.org/0000-0002-5196-2360 et al. (2 more authors) (2016) Pteridophyte fungal associations: Current knowledge and future perspectives. Journal of Systematics and Evolution, 54 (6). pp. 666-678. ISSN 1674-4918 https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12227 © 2016 Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences. This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Pressel, S., Bidartondo, M. I., Field, K. J., Rimington, W. R. and Duckett, J. G. (2016), Pteridophyte fungal associations: Current knowledge and future perspectives. Jnl of Sytematics Evolution, 54: 666–678., which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12227. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving. Reuse Unless indicated otherwise, fulltext items are protected by copyright with all rights reserved. The copyright exception in section 29 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 allows the making of a single copy solely for the purpose of non-commercial research or private study within the limits of fair dealing. The publisher or other rights-holder may allow further reproduction and re-use of this version - refer to the White Rose Research Online record for this item. Where records identify the publisher as the copyright holder, users can verify any specific terms of use on the publisher’s website.
  • Coordinadores) CONSEJO EDITORIAL INTERNACIONAL

    Coordinadores) CONSEJO EDITORIAL INTERNACIONAL

    Luis Fernando Plenge Tellechea Jorge Alberto Pérez León (Coordinadores) CONSEJO EDITORIAL INTERNACIONAL Álvaro Álvarez Parrilla Gaspar Ros Berruezo Fac. Ciencias, Matemáticas, UABC, Depto. de Bromatología e Inspección Ensenada, B. C. de Alimentos, Universidad de Murcia, Francisco Fernández Belda Murcia, España. Depto. de Bioquímica y Rocío Salceda Sacanelles Biología Molecular (A), Universidad Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Depto. Ciencia en la frontera: revista de ciencia y tecnología de Murcia, Murcia, España. Neuro ciencias, UNAM, México, D. F. de la Universidad Autónoma Alex Fragoso Sierra Fernando Soler de Ciudad Juárez Fac. de Química. Universidad Depto. de Bioquímica y Biología de La Habana, Cuba. Molecular (A), Universidad de DIRECTORIO Jorge Gardea Torresdey Murcia, Murcia, España. Javier Sánchez Carlos Chemistry, UTEP, El Paso, Texas. Marieta Tuena de Gómez Puyou Rector Armando Gómez Puyou Investigadora Emérita. Instituto de Fisiología David Ramírez Perea Investigador Emérito. Instituto de Ce lular, Depto. Bioquímica, UNAM. Secretario General Fisiología Celular, Depto. Bioquímica, México, D. F. UNAM. México, D. F. José Vázquez Tato Martha P. Barraza de Anda Coordinadora General de Gustavo González Fac. de Ciencias, Depto. de Investigación y Posgrado Tecnología de Alimentos de Química Física. Universidad­­ de Origen Vegetal, CIAD Santiago de Compostela, Hugo Staines Orozco Hermosillo, Sonora, México. España. Director del ICB Louis Irwin Ricardo Tapia Ibargüengoytia Servando Pineda Jaimes Biological Science, UTEP, El Paso, Texas. Neurociencias Dirección General de Difusión José Luis Ochoa IFC-UNAM Cultural y Divulgación Científica CIBNOR, La Paz, B.C.S. Herminia Pasantes Esther Orozco Neurociencias CONSEJO EDITORIAL Emilio Álvarez Parrilla CINVESTAV, México, D. F. IFC-UNAM Leonel Barraza Pacheco Biomedicina Molecular. Thomas Kretzschmar Steinle Alejandro Donohue Cornejo María Jesús Periago Área de Geofísica Esaúl Jaramillo Depto.
  • Phytochemical Constituents and Pharmacological Activities of Plants from the Genus Adiantum : a Review

    Phytochemical Constituents and Pharmacological Activities of Plants from the Genus Adiantum : a Review

    Pan et al Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research October 2011; 10 (5): 681-692 © Pharmacotherapy Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City, 300001 Nigeria. All rights reserved . Available online at http://www.tjpr.org http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tjpr.v10i5.18 Review Article Phytochemical Constituents and Pharmacological Activities of Plants from the Genus Adiantum : A Review 1 1 1 1 1 2 C Pan , YG Chen *, XY Ma , JH Jiang , F He and Y Zhang 1Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, 2School of Pharmacy, Kunming Medical College, Kunming 650031, China. Abstract Adiantum is a genus of ca. 200 species in the family Adiantaceae, distributed extensively across the world from cool temperate zones to hot tropical regions. A lot of Adiantum species have been used in traditional Chinese medicine to cure human and animal diseases including relief of internal heat or fever, enhancement of urination, removal of urinary calculus, and sundry other curative claims. Chemical studies have shown the presence of various classes of compounds, the main ones being triterpenoids, flavonoids, phenyl propanoids, steroids, alicyclic acids, lipids and long-chain compounds. The extract of this genus as well as pure compounds isolated from it have been demonstrated to possess multiple pharmacological activities such as analgesic, antinociceptive, anti-implantation, and antimicrobial activities. In this review, we have addressed the phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of the Adiantum species in order to collate existing information on this plant as well as highlight its multi-activity properties as a medicinal agent. Keywords: Adiantum species, Adiantaceae, Phytochemical constituents, Pharmacological activities.
  • A. Whitei (Kenmore, May 19 15, White A424496 (BRI)

    A. Whitei (Kenmore, May 19 15, White A424496 (BRI)

    ASSOCIATION OF w.D- "REGISTERm BY AUSTRALIA POST - PUBLICATIOR NUMBER NBH 380gmU I LEADER : Peter Hind, 41 Miller Street, Mount Druitt, 2770. SECRETARY: Moreen Woollett, 3 Currawang Place, Como West, 2226. TREASURER: Joan Moore, 2 Gannett Street, Gladesville,2111. SPORE BANK: Jenny Thompson, 2 Albion Place, Engadine, 2233. Another year draws rapidily to an end and its time to remind members that fees fall due in January for the 1389 year. It is perhaps timely too to reflect on our Group's activities and to make a plea for more contributions from members, on this occasion not in a direct financial sense. There is benefit for most of us in knowing morer%' about the practicalities of propagating and cultivating our native ferns. All members have experienced successes and failures, please wr' so those experiences can be passed on to others through this Newsletter. Later in this issue there is a request -directed to members wha bought ferns at the recent Wildflower Exhibition iH Sydney ta report the results achieved. If you purchased ferns bcught-in at the time of the Exhibition we would greatly appreciate your help. This issue we welcome a new member-Ian Higgfins from Victoria. Ian has written and said that the following ferns are native to the Castlemaine area: Adiantum aethiopicum, Blechnum minus, B. nudum, Cheilanthes austrotenuifolia, Lastriopsis acuminata, W%~~OS~TQS rutifolius, Doodia media, Marsilea drumondiiMarsilea "(2lI'khtS foregoing are being grown by Ian- how many members wead lik% *Q bear from Ian about the conditions under which the CheilaSEbe~ Plurosorus rutifolius in particular are growing ),CkwbBX~~&&& sfaberi, L Pellaea falcata, Pteris tremula, Polystichum prolif&&.Ul As&enium r flabellafolium, Azolla filiculaides, Blechum chamber&,i, CakcAZa dubia,Cyathea australis, Pteridium esculentum and ~phioqlossum lusitanicum.
  • <I> Adiantum</I> (Pteridaceae)

    <I> Adiantum</I> (Pteridaceae)

    Huiet & al. • Phylogeny of Adiantum (Pteridaceae) TAXON 67 (3) • June 2018: 488–502 SYSTEMATICS AND PHYLOGENY A worldwide phylogeny of Adiantum (Pteridaceae) reveals remarkable convergent evolution in leaf blade architecture Layne Huiet,1 Fay-Wei Li,2,3 Tzu-Tong Kao,1 Jefferson Prado,4 Alan R. Smith,5 Eric Schuettpelz6 & Kathleen M. Pryer1 1 Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, U.S.A. 2 Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, New York 14853, U.S.A. 3 Section of Plant Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, U.S.A. 4 Instituto de Botânica, C.P. 68041, 04045-972, São Paulo, SP, Brazil 5 University Herbarium, 1001 Valley Life Sciences Building #2465, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-2465, U.S.A. 6 Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20013-7012, U.S.A. Author for correspondence: Layne Huiet, [email protected] DOI https://doi.org/10.12705/673.3 Abstract Adiantum is among the most distinctive and easily recognized leptosporangiate fern genera. Despite encompassing an astonishing range of leaf complexity, all species of Adiantum share a unique character state not observed in other ferns: sporan- gia borne directly on the reflexed leaf margin or “false indusium” (pseudoindusium). The over 200 species of Adiantum span six continents and are nearly all terrestrial. Here, we present one of the most comprehensive phylogenies for any large (200+ spp.) monophyletic, subcosmopolitan genus of ferns to date. We build upon previous datasets, providing new data from four plastid markers (rbcL, atpA, rpoA, chlN) for 146 taxa.
  • Biogeographical Patterns of Species Richness, Range Size And

    Biogeographical Patterns of Species Richness, Range Size And

    Biogeographical patterns of species richness, range size and phylogenetic diversity of ferns along elevational-latitudinal gradients in the tropics and its transition zone Kumulative Dissertation zur Erlangung als Doktorgrades der Naturwissenschaften (Dr.rer.nat.) dem Fachbereich Geographie der Philipps-Universität Marburg vorgelegt von Adriana Carolina Hernández Rojas aus Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexiko Marburg/Lahn, September 2020 Vom Fachbereich Geographie der Philipps-Universität Marburg als Dissertation am 10.09.2020 angenommen. Erstgutachter: Prof. Dr. Georg Miehe (Marburg) Zweitgutachterin: Prof. Dr. Maaike Bader (Marburg) Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 27.10.2020 “An overwhelming body of evidence supports the conclusion that every organism alive today and all those who have ever lived are members of a shared heritage that extends back to the origin of life 3.8 billion years ago”. This sentence is an invitation to reflect about our non- independence as a living beins. We are part of something bigger! "Eine überwältigende Anzahl von Beweisen stützt die Schlussfolgerung, dass jeder heute lebende Organismus und alle, die jemals gelebt haben, Mitglieder eines gemeinsamen Erbes sind, das bis zum Ursprung des Lebens vor 3,8 Milliarden Jahren zurückreicht." Dieser Satz ist eine Einladung, über unsere Nichtunabhängigkeit als Lebende Wesen zu reflektieren. Wir sind Teil von etwas Größerem! PREFACE All doors were opened to start this travel, beginning for the many magical pristine forest of Ecuador, Sierra de Juárez Oaxaca and los Tuxtlas in Veracruz, some of the most biodiverse zones in the planet, were I had the honor to put my feet, contemplate their beauty and perfection and work in their mystical forest. It was a dream into reality! The collaboration with the German counterpart started at the beginning of my academic career and I never imagine that this will be continued to bring this research that summarizes the efforts of many researchers that worked hardly in the overwhelming and incredible biodiverse tropics.
  • Fern Classification

    Fern Classification

    16 Fern classification ALAN R. SMITH, KATHLEEN M. PRYER, ERIC SCHUETTPELZ, PETRA KORALL, HARALD SCHNEIDER, AND PAUL G. WOLF 16.1 Introduction and historical summary / Over the past 70 years, many fern classifications, nearly all based on morphology, most explicitly or implicitly phylogenetic, have been proposed. The most complete and commonly used classifications, some intended primar• ily as herbarium (filing) schemes, are summarized in Table 16.1, and include: Christensen (1938), Copeland (1947), Holttum (1947, 1949), Nayar (1970), Bierhorst (1971), Crabbe et al. (1975), Pichi Sermolli (1977), Ching (1978), Tryon and Tryon (1982), Kramer (in Kubitzki, 1990), Hennipman (1996), and Stevenson and Loconte (1996). Other classifications or trees implying relationships, some with a regional focus, include Bower (1926), Ching (1940), Dickason (1946), Wagner (1969), Tagawa and Iwatsuki (1972), Holttum (1973), and Mickel (1974). Tryon (1952) and Pichi Sermolli (1973) reviewed and reproduced many of these and still earlier classifica• tions, and Pichi Sermolli (1970, 1981, 1982, 1986) also summarized information on family names of ferns. Smith (1996) provided a summary and discussion of recent classifications. With the advent of cladistic methods and molecular sequencing techniques, there has been an increased interest in classifications reflecting evolutionary relationships. Phylogenetic studies robustly support a basal dichotomy within vascular plants, separating the lycophytes (less than 1 % of extant vascular plants) from the euphyllophytes (Figure 16.l; Raubeson and Jansen, 1992, Kenrick and Crane, 1997; Pryer et al., 2001a, 2004a, 2004b; Qiu et al., 2006). Living euphyl• lophytes, in turn, comprise two major clades: spermatophytes (seed plants), which are in excess of 260 000 species (Thorne, 2002; Scotland and Wortley, Biology and Evolution of Ferns and Lycopliytes, ed.
  • Survey No.: 6005

    Survey No.: 6005

    Survey No.: 6005 - Report date: 07/10/2018 Survey Date: 01/11/1987 Leader(s): Tony Mertens Number Attended: 5 Identifiers-FAUNA: FLORA: Paul Grimshaw Region: NORTH11-TMEMA - Site: SANDY CREEK SCRUB Code: N11 ;Site Desc: Vine scrub junction of Sandy & DicksonCk Observation Source: Specialist Report Plot Centre - Lat.: -27.912000 Long.: 153.173000 Alt.(m): 250 The scrub lies on the junction of Sandy Ck with a minor creek. The soil is alluvium/colluvium from the basalt above on metasediments. The scrub cosists of a narrow strip of gallery forest with drier elements of sub tropical rainforest on its edges and open forest beyon FLORA: Scientific Names Common Names Species Type Abutilon oxycarpum SMALL-FLOWERED ABUTILON Tree/Shrub Acacia disparrima HICKORY WATTLE Tree/Shrub Acalypha nemorum SOUTHERN ACALYPHA Tree/Shrub Acronychia laevis GLOSSY ACRONYCHIA Tree/Shrub Acronychia oblongifolia COMMON ACRONYCHIA Tree/Shrub Actephila lindleyi Tree/Shrub Adiantum atroviride COMMON MAIDENHAIR Simple Plant Adiantum formosum GIANT MAIDENHAIR FERN Simple Plant Adiantum hispidulum hispidulum ROUGH MAIDENHAIR FERN Simple Plant Ageratina riparia MIST WEED Herb Ageratum houstonianum BILLYGOAT WEED Herb Alchornea ilicifolia NATIVE HOLLY Tree/Shrub Alectryon subcinereus WILD QUINCE Tree/Shrub Alectryon tomentosus HAIRY ALECTRYON Tree/Shrub Allocasuarina torulosa ROSE SHE-OAK Tree/Shrub Alocasia brisbanensis CUNJEVOI Herb Alphitonia excelsa RED ASH Tree/Shrub Alpinia caerulea BLUE NATIVE GINGER Herb Alyxia ruscifolia ruscifolia CHAIN FRUIT Tree/Shrub Angophora
  • Toward a Monophyletic Notholaena (Pteridaceae): Resolving Patterns of Evolutionary Convergence in Xeric-Adapted Ferns

    Toward a Monophyletic Notholaena (Pteridaceae): Resolving Patterns of Evolutionary Convergence in Xeric-Adapted Ferns

    Rothfels & al. • Toward a monophyletic Notholaena TAXON 57 (3) • August 2008: 712–724 FERN SYSTEMATICS Toward a monophyletic Notholaena (Pteridaceae): resolving patterns of evolutionary convergence in xeric-adapted ferns Carl J. Rothfels1*, Michael D. Windham1, Amanda L. Grusz1, Gerald J. Gastony2 & Kathleen M. Pryer1 1 Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, U.S.A. *[email protected] (author for correspondence) 2 Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, U.S.A. Cheilanthoid ferns (Pteridaceae) are a diverse and ecologically important clade, unusual among ferns for their ability to colonize and diversify within xeric habitats. These extreme habitats are thought to drive the extensive evolutionary convergence, and thus morphological homoplasy, that has long thwarted a natural classification of cheilanthoid ferns. Here we present the first multigene phylogeny to focus on taxa traditionally assigned to the large genus Notholaena. New World taxa (Notholaena sensu Tryon) are only distantly related to species occurring in the Old World (Notholaena sensu Pichi Sermolli). The circumscription of Notholaena adopted in recent Ameri- can floras is shown to be paraphyletic, with species usually assigned to Cheilanthes and Cheiloplecton nested within it. The position of Cheiloplecton is particularly surprising—given its well-developed false indusium and non-farinose blade, it is morphologically anomalous within the “notholaenoids”. In addition to clarifying natural relationships, the phylogenetic hypothesis presented here helps to resolve outstanding nomenclatural issues and provides a basis for examining character evolution within this diverse, desert-adapted clade. KEYWORDS: atpA, cheilanthoids, Cheiloplecton, ferns, molecular phylogenetics, morphological homoplasy, Paragymnopteris marantae, rbcL, trnG-trnR Fig. 1B); Astrolepis sinuata has linear leaves, with spo- INTRODUCTION rangia densely covered with scales (Fig.