Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Ser. B, 38(4), pp. 153–181, November 22, 2012

Rare and Threatened Pteridophytes of Asia 2. Endangered Species of India — the Higher IUCN Categories

Christopher Roy Fraser-Jenkins

Student Guest House, Thamel. P.O. Box no. 5555, Kathmandu, Nepal E-mail: [email protected]

(Received 19 July 2012; accepted 26 September 2012)

Abstract A revised list of 337 pteridophytes from political India is presented according to the six higher IUCN categories, and following on from the wider list of Chandra et al. (2008). This is nearly one third of the total c. 1100 species of indigenous Pteridophytes present in India. Endemics in the list are noted and carefully revised distributions are given for each species along with their estimated IUCN category. A slightly modified update of the classification by Fraser-Jenkins (2010a) is used. Phanerophlebiopsis balansae (Christ) Fraser-Jenk. et Baishya and Azolla filiculoi- des Lam. subsp. cristata (Kaulf.) Fraser-Jenk., are new combinations.

Key words : endangered, India, IUCN categories, pteridophytes.

The total number of pteridophyte species pres- gered), VU (Vulnerable) and NT (Near threat- ent in India is c. 1100 and of these 337 taxa are ened), whereas Chandra et al.’s list was a more considered to be threatened or endangered preliminary one which did not set out to follow (nearly one third of the total). It should be the IUCN categories until more information realised that IUCN listing (IUCN, 2010) is became available. The IUCN categories given organised by countries and the global rarity and here apply to political India only. Table 1 shows endangerment of species is therefore often some- a statistic summary of the categorised threatened what masked in an area where the floras are inti- species. mately related. This particularly applies to the In addition more information about the status two major groups of Sino-Himalayan and S. E. of species in Arunachal Pradesh has become Asian/Malesian elements present in India which available (Fraser-Jenkins and Benniamin, 2010; extend across the eastern borders into China, Fraser-Jenkins, 2010b; Fraser-Jenkins, Baishya, Myanmar etc. It also applies to the Lankan/ Benniamin and Rawat, in prep.) and has revealed Indian peninsular element in the south, which that a number of species that are very rare else- contains the highest number of Indian endemics. A list of Asian globally threatened species of nar- Table 1. The numbers of Indian pteridophytes row distribution is given by Ebihara et al. (2012) belonging to different IUCN categories for which the 76 Indian, Nepalese and Bhutanese Category Number of species species listed have been extracted from the pres- CR or EX 12 ent paper. CR or EW 4 CR 95 The present list is reduced compared to that of EN 117 414 threatened pteridophytes given by Chandra VU 67 et al. (2008) as it concerns only the top six IUCN NT 43 categories, EX (Extinct), EW (Extinct in the Total 337 wild), CR (Critically endangered), EN (Endan- Globally threatened 74 154 Christopher R. Fraser-Jenkins where in India are much more common in the far Islands (Nicobar Islands; very rare); China; North-East in Arunachal Pradesh and some other Taiwan; Japan; Myanmar; Thailand; Vietnam; North-Easternmost States of India. Adjustment Malaysia; Indonesia; Philippines; Australia; has also been made to the status of a number of Polynesia. Also reported from S. India (Tamil species, either taxonomically, or for IUCN cate- Nadu) by Dixit (1984, 1987, following Baker), gory, now that more information from Indian but requiring confirmation and probably in herbaria, particularly CAL, BSA and LWG, has error. VU. become available to the author. 3. Huperzia ceylanica (Spring) Trevis. (?syn.: A few of the species that have now been H. lajouensis Ching) — Sri Lanka; S. India excluded for taxonomic or other reasons have (Tamil Nadu, Parampure Swamp, Anamalai, been listed here for explanatory reasons, but 7500 ft. C. E. C. Fischer 3317, 2.4.1912, but in square brackets and without categories. no teeth; very rare); ?E. Nepal (A. Zimmer- Many other species previously estimated to be mann, BM; very rare); N.E. India (Arunachal Endangered and Endemic have been elucidated Pradesh; Meghalaya; very scattered and rare); taxonomically by Fraser-Jenkins (1997, 2008a, ?Tibet, rare. Reported by IUCN (1998) as 2008b) and Chandra et al. (2008) and excluded. indeterminate. Listed from Java by Dixit The classification of Fraser-Jenkins (2010a) (1984, 1987) in error. NT. has been used in the list, with some modifica- 4. Huperzia nilagirica (Spring) R. D. Dixit tions according to more recent work. In general (syn.: H. hilliana (Nessel) Holub) — S. India this is similar to that of Kramer and Green (Kerala; Tamil Nadu; very rare). Endemic to (1990) and Smith et al. (2006). But it is less sim- S. India. VU; Globally threatened. ilar to two molecular cladonomy lists recently 5. Huperzia nummulariifolia (Blume) Jermy — produced by Christenhusz et al. (2011) and Roth- Indian Islands (Nicobars; very rare); Thailand; fels et al. (2012), which are seen here as being Malaysia; Indonesia; Philippines; Polynesia. insufficiently taxonomically based and to recog- EN. nise too many groups that have no possible mor- 6. Huperzia vernicosa (Hook. et Grev.) pho-taxonomic significance. They also split Trevis. — ?Sri Lanka; S. India (Kerala; Tamil many other groups that have been more success- Nadu; very rare). Endemic to Sri Lanka and S. fully sunk into recognisable categories of more India. Reported by Spring from Sri Lanka, but major value. Their schemes are therefore not requiring confirmation of the identity of the accepted here as being applicable to taxonomic specimen he cited at Kew; not listed from Sri classification and are seen as being of less use to Lanka by Sledge (1982). CR; Globally Botanists. While the former was used by Ebihara threatened. et al. (2012) in an editorial decision as being 7. Lycopodium dendroideum Michx. — Bhu- more recent and appearing more up-to-date, its tan, very rare; N.E. India (Arunachal Pradesh; drawbacks are considered too great for it to be very rare); China; Taiwan; Japan; E. Siberia; used here. N. America. CR. 8. Lycopodium annotinum L. subsp. alpestre List of endangered species with total (Hartm.) Ǻ. Löve et D. Löve (syn.: L. zonatum — distributions and IUCN category Ching) N.W. India (Uttarakhand; very rare); Nepal, very rare; N.C. India (Sikkim; Lycopodiaceae very rare); Bhutan, very rare; N.E. India 1. Huperzia cancellata (Spring) Trevis. — N.E. (Arunachal Pradesh; very rare)); Tibet; China; India (Arunachal Pradesh; very rare); Tibet; Taiwan; Japan; Myanmar. EN; Globally China; Myanmar. VU. threatened. 2. Huperzia carinata (Desv.) Trevis. — Indian Rare and Threatened Pteridophytes of Asia 2. Endangered Species of India 155

Selaginellaceae (Manipur; very rare, known only from the 9. ?Selaginella agustyamalayana R. Antony, S. type); ?Myanmar. ?Endemic to N.E. India. Khan et G. S. Nair — S. India (Tamil Nadu; Reported from Myanmar by Dixit (1984, very rare). ?Endemic to South India. Perhaps 1992a) but without details, and requiring con- a synonym of S. cataractarum Alston, requir- firmation, and not so reported by Alston ing further study. CR. (1945); reported from Mizoram, Nagaland and [Selaginella adunca subsp. adunca — N.W. Bangladesh by Ghosh et al. (2004) in error for India (Himachal Pradesh; Uttarakhand; locally S. chrysorrhizos. CR; Globally threatened. abundant); W. Nepal, rare. Listed by IUCN [Several specimens described as new species by (1998) as Endangered, in error. Alston’s (1945) Dixit have been lost from CAL herbarium and record from “Kashmir” was in error for Sri- the types are also not present in ASSAM, nagar, Garhwal, Uttarakhand]. BSA, BSD, ARUN, BSHC, BSI, MH, LBG, 10. Selaginella aitchisonii Hieron. — Tien Shan; DD, K or BM. If they are also not present in Sinkiang; Afghanistan; N. W. Pakistan, very BSJO, CH or BURD they would appear to rare; India (Jammu & Kashmir; very rare). have been lost or destroyed, but they may be Turkestan was also listed by Dixit (1992a). It expected to have been dubious or erroneous, appears that this is not just an ecotype of with the possible exception of S. nayarii, S. sanguinolenta, but a separate species. EN; which might perhaps be distinct. These are: S. Globally threatened. ganguliana, S. keralensis, S. nayarii and S. 11. Selaginella cataractarum Alston — S. India panchganiana.] (Tamil Nadu; very rare and partly extinct). Reported in error from Kerala and Orissa by Isoetaceae Dixit (1984, 1992a). Listed as endangered by Many taxa have been described from India as IUCN (1998). CR; Globally threatened. new species, but the status of most of them as 12. Selaginella kurzii Baker — N.E. India species is uncertain or dubious. Recent discus- (Mizoram; very rare); Myanmar; Thailand; sion between the author and Prof. G. K. Srivas- Malaysia. Reported in error from Nepal, and tava appears to lead towards a tentative conclu- in a wide sense from “Assam”, but meaning sion that there are three major taxa present in Mizoram. CR. India, which probably represent the species level, 13. Selaginella miniatospora (Dalzell) Baker with other described taxa probably representing (syn.: S. blatteri Bole et M. R. Almeida; type local variation within them. Despite the extinc- not found at BLAT by the author) — S. India tion of some populations representing various (Maharashtra; Goa; Karnataka; rare and very types, two of the three are apparently not under restricted). Endemic to S.W. India. Its rela- threat. tionship to the similar N. Indian etc. species, 16. Isoetes sahyadriensis Mahabale (syn.: I. S. tenuifolia Spring, requires study. NT; Glob- dixitii Shende) — C. India (Maharashtra, Mad- ally threatened. hya Pradesh; very rare). Endemic to C. India. 14. Selaginella pulvinata (Hook. et Grev.) The type specimen is not present at CAL, Maxim. — N. W. India (Uttarakhand, Pithor- BSA, AHMA, BSI or Pune University and agarh; very rare); N. W. Nepal, very rare; N.E. appears to have been lost, which would best be India (“Assam, herb. Kew (K)” (Alston 1945), dealt with by neotypification. IUCN (1998) presumably a collection from Mishmee, north- listed its synonym, I. dixitii, as extinct. CR or ern Arunachal Pradesh, by W. Griffith); Myan- EX; Globally threatened. mar (Mandalay; reported erroneously from [Isoetes sampathkumaranii L. N. Rao — C. India Moulmein); Tibet; China, widespread. EN. (Madhya Pradesh; Karnataka). Listed by 15. Selaginella wattii Baker — N.E. India IUCN (1998) as Extinct, but has several syn- 156 Christopher R. Fraser-Jenkins

onyms, including I. panchananii D. D. Pant et hya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh; very rare); N.E. G. K. Srivastava and I. reticulata Gena et India (Meghalaya; ?Tripura; very rare); Myan- Bhardwaja, which are not threatened. mar; Thailand, very rare; Vietnam; Malaysia; Endemic to C. and S. India]. Philippines; Australasia; New Guinea. NT. [Isoetes bilaspurensis Panigrahi — listed by 23. Ophioglossum lusitanicum L. (probable IUCN (1998) as Rare, but is a synonym of the syn.: O. indicum B. L. Yadav et Goswami, B. widespread I. coromandelina L. f. subsp. coro- L. Yadav 3011 [Herb. MLV Gov Coll., Bhil- mandelina from Australia and India etc.]. wara, Rajasthan, Herb. Bionature, Bhopal, TNS VS-1110445]) — N. and S. America; W. Equisetaceae Europe; Africa; Macaronesia; S. India (Tamil 17. Equisetum palustre L. — N. America; Europe; Nadu; very rare); ?W. India (?Rajasthan; very N. Asia; Afghanistan; N. Pakistan, very rare; rare); C. India (Madhya Pradesh; very rare); N. W. India (Jammu & Kashmir; very rare); Australasia. EN. Tibet; China; Japan. CR. 24. Ophioglossum pendulum L. — Madagas- car; Mascarenes; Seychelles; Sri Lanka; Indian Psilotaceae Islands (Nicobar Islands; very rare); N.E. India 18. Psilotum complanatum Sw. — C. and S. (Assam State; very rare); Thailand; Malaysia; America; Indian Islands (Nicobar Islands; very Indonesia; Philippines; New Guinea; Austra- rare); Thailand; Malaysia; Indonesia; Philip- lia; Polynesia; China; Taiwan; Japan. NT. pines; Australasia; Polynesia. EN. Marattiaceae Ophioglossaceae 25. Christensenia aesculifolia (Blume) Maxon 19. Botrychium simplex E. Hitchc. subsp. sim- (syn.: C. assamica (Griff.) Ching) — N.E. plex — N. America; N. Europe; N.C. India India (Arunachal Pradesh; Assam State; (Sikkim; very rare, Thangu, B. S. Kholia Meghalaya; very rare); Bangladesh, very rare; 35481, BSHC, det. CRFJ); Tibet. EN. ?Myanmar; Thailand; Malaysia; Indonesia. 20. Botrychium virginianum (L.) Sw. — N. IUCN (1998) listed C. assamica from China America; N. Europe; N. Asia; N. Pakistan, and N.E. India as Vulnerable. EN. very rare; N.W. India (Jammu & Kashmir; Himachal Pradesh; Uttarakhand; very rare); Osmundaceae ?W. Nepal; N.E. India (Meghalaya; very rare); 26. Osmunda cinnamomea L. subsp. asiatica China; Korea; Japan. VU. (Fernald) Fraser-Jenk. — Bhutan; N.E. India 21. ?Ophioglossum eliminatum Khand. — C. (Arunachal Pradesh; very rare); Myanmar; India (Madhya Pradesh; very rare). Said to be Thailand; Vietnam; China; Taiwan; Korea; endemic to C. India. This taxon remains Japan; E. Siberia. EN. incompletely known and has neither been 27. Osmunda javanica Blume — N.E. India clearly described nor properly illustrated, (Arunachal Pradesh, Siang; very rare); Myan- while the type is either lost or unavailable. mar; Malaysia; Indonesia. Reported from S. Repeated requests for photographs of multiple India and Sri Lanka by Chandra (2000) in specimens in the field or on a herbarium-sheet error. CR. failed to produce results. VU. 22. Ophioglossum gramineum Willd. — S. Amer- Gleicheniaceae ica; Africa; S. India (Tamil Nadu; ?Kerala; 28. Gleichenia (Diplopterygium) blotiana C. Karnataka; Andhra Pradesh; very rare); N.W. Chr. — N.E. India (Arunachal Pradesh; very India (Uttarkhand; very rare); W. India (Rajas- rare); Thailand; Vietnam; China; Taiwan; than; very rare); C. India (Maharashtra; Mad- Malaysia. NT. Rare and Threatened Pteridophytes of Asia 2. Endangered Species of India 157

Schizaeaceae Polypodiaceae 29. Anemia schimperiana C. Presl subsp. 34. Arthromeris cyrtomioides S. G. Lu et C. D. wightiana (Gardner) Fraser-Jenk. — S. India Xu (syn.: A. notholaenoides V. K. Rawat et (Tamil Nadu; very rare and restricted). Sub- Fraser-Jenk.) — N.E. India (Arunachal Pradesh; species endemic to S. India. EN. very rare); China. EN; Globally threatened. [?Lygodium giganteum Tagawa et K. Iwats. — 35. Arthromeris tomentosa W. M. Chu — Bhu- N.E. India (Assam State; Nagaland; Manipur; tan, very rare; N.E. India (Arunachal Pradesh; and Mizoram). This species was reported by very rare); Tibet; China. VU. Singh and Panigrahi (1984) as a new record 36. Drynaria bonii Christ — N.E. India (Mani- for India. But as described by them it was sig- pur; very rare); Thailand; Vietnam; China. nificantly dissimilar to the description and Listed from Manipur by IUCN (1998) as Vul- specimens of Tagawa and Iwatsuki, being nerable. EN. much smaller in its parts and considerably less [Drynaria meeboldii listed from Manipur by hairy on the axes, though bearing similar small IUCN (1998) as vulnerable is delisted here as scattered hairs on the indusium and with some it is common in Bhutan and Arunachal segment base joints similarly swollen. At least Pradesh.] the Indian material they cited appears to be [D. parishii (Bedd.) Bedd. — listed with doubt L. flexuosum, which can often have some by Roos (1985) from “Assam?” was in error slightly swollen segment-base joints, though for a specimen from Myanmar, as communi- normally not so, and their record therefore cated by M. Roos to P. H. Hovenkamp, and requires confirmation]. thence to the author]. 30. Lygodium longifolium (Willd.) Sw. (proba- [?Goniophlebium persicifolium (Desv.) Bedd. — ble syn.: L. altum (C. B. Clarke) Alderw.) — listed without details from “Assam” in a wide Sri Lanka; S. India (Kerala; very rare); N.E. sense by Rödl-Linder (1990), but appears to be India (Manipur; Meghalaya; very rare); Myan- an error, not now confirmable, and partly mar; China; Malaysia. NT. referred to G. argutum from Nepal]. 31. Lygodium polystachyum Wall. ex T. 37. Lemmaphyllum microphyllum C. Presl — Moore — N.E. India (Assam State; Manipur; N.E. India (Arunachal Pradesh; very rare); very rare); Myanmar; Thailand; Laos; Cambo- China; Taiwan; Korea; Japan. VU. dia; Vietnam; China. EN. 38. Lepisorus miyoshianus (Makino) Fraser- 32. Schizaea dichotoma (L.) Sm. — Indian Jenk. et Subh.Chandra — N.E. India (Arunachal Islands (Nicobar Islands; rare); S. India (Ker- Pradesh; very rare (first reported by Dixit and ala; very rare or extinct); Malaysia; Indonesia; Nair (1975), sub Drymotaenium miyoshianum Philippines; Australasia; Polynesia; Mascarene (Makino) Makino, including partly in error for Islands; C. and S. America. VU. Vittaria linearifolia Ching); China; Japan. CR. 33. Schizaea digitata (L.) Sw. — Indian Islands 39. Lepisorus sordidus (C. Chr.) Ching — N.E. (Andaman Islands; Nicobar Islands; very India (Arunachal Pradesh; Nagaland; Manipur; rare); S. India (Kerala; very rare); N.E. India very rare); China; Myanmar. VU; Globally (Assam State; Meghalaya; very rare); Bangla- threatened. desh (probably extinct); Sri Lanka; Malaysia; 40. Lepisorus subconfluens Ching — ?E. Nepal Indonesia; Philippines; New Guinea; Austral- (reported by Iwatsuki (1975, 1988), but proba- asia; Polynesia. Beddome (1883) reported it bly in error for L. contortus or L. loriformis); from Sri Lanka and N.E. India in a confusion ?N.C. India (Sikkim, listed by Ghosh et al. with S. dichotoma localities. EN. (2004), but probably in error); ?Bhutan (reported by Tagawa and Iwatsuki (1989), but requiring confirmation as no specimens seen 158 Christopher R. Fraser-Jenkins

from Bhutan); N.E. India (Arunachal Pradesh; rare, Dixit and Sinha (2001)); S. India (Kerala; very rare); China; Myanmar; ?Thailand. VU. very rare); N.E. India (Assam State; very rare [Leptochilus metallicus (Bedd.) C. Chr. — reported and decreasing due to drainage); Bangladesh; by Nampy and Madhusoodanan (1998) from Myanmar; Thailand; Vietnam; Malaysia; Indo- S. India (Kerala; very rare if present), but nesia: Philippines; Polynesia; China; Taiwan. requiring confirmation of identity. Sri Lanka. VU. Endemic to Sri Lanka.] 47. Pichisermollodes connexa (Ching) Fraser- 41. Leptochilus minor Fée (syn.: L. minutulus Jenk. — N.E. India (Arunachal Pradesh; Mani- Fée; but not Nistarika bahupunctika B. K. pur; very rare); China. EN. Nayar, Madhus. et Molly, as synonymised by 48. Pichisermollodes erythrocarpa (Mett. ex Nooteboom (1997), which is a synonym of Kuhn) Fraser-Jenk. — N.W. India (Himachal Leptochilus axillaris, nor the other species of Pradesh; very rare); Nepal, rare; N.C. India Leptochilus he synonymised in error) — N.E. (Darjeeling; Sikkim; very restricted and rare); India (Meghalaya; very rare); Malaysia Bhutan; ?N.E. India (?Arunachal Pradesh, (Malaya; Borneo); Philippines. Not present in listed by Ghosh et al. (2004), but no specimen Sri Lanka, as reported by Nooteboom. Listed seen by the author in CAL or elsewhere); from N.E. India by IUCN (1998) as Endan- Tibet. NT. gered. Distribution in S. E. Asia not fully 49. Pichisermollodes nigrovenia (Christ) Fra- known due to confusion with other species by ser-Jenk. — N.W. India (Uttarakhand, Garh- Nooteboom. EN. wal, Ramri, J. F. Duthie 5179, CAL, BM; very [Leptochilus thwaitesianus Fée — synonym of L. rare); Nepal, rare; N.C. India (Darjeeling; Sik- lanceolatus Fée — Sri Lanka; S. and C. India, kim, very rare); Bhutan, very rare; N.E. India common.] (Arunachal Pradesh; very rare); Tibet; China. 42. Loxogramme grammitoides (Baker) C. Chr. NT. (misapplied name: L. lankokiensis sensu auct. 50. Pichisermollodes tibetana (Ching et S. K. Ind., non (Rosenst.) C. Chr.) — N.C. India Wu) Fraser-Jenk. — Nepal, very rare; N.C. (Darjeeling; very rare); N.E. India (Arunachal India (Sikkim; very rare); Tibet; China. CR. Pradesh; very rare); China; Taiwan; Japan. 51. Pichisermollodes sp. ?near Phymatopteris EN. albopes (C. Chr. et Ching) Pic.Serm. (fronds± 43. Microgramma mauritiana (Willd.) Tardieu like a larger and robust P. crenatopinnata, wid- (misapplied name: M. lycopodioides sensu est at base, with undulate-lobed lowest pinnae, Fraser-Jenkins in Chandra et al. (2008), non but rhizome rather thicker, scales black with (L.) Copel.) — Africa; Mascarenes; Sri Lanka, mid-brown edges, lanceolate with attenuated very rare or extinct; S. India (Tamil Nadu; apices and no fringe-hairs; intermediate very rare, or extinct). CR or EW. towards P. ebenipes?) — N.E. India (Arunachal 44. Microsorum (?Neocheiropteris) fortunei Pradesh, Kameng, Lum La, 2520 m., A. K. (T. Moore) Ching (excluding the larger, wider- Baishya 90548, 13.7.1987, ASSAM; very fronded and commoner M. chinense (Mett. ex rare). CR. Kuhn) Fraser-Jenk.) — N.E. India (Arunachal 52. Platycerium wallichii Hook. — N.E. India Pradesh; very rare); Tibet; China; Taiwan. EN. (Manipur; very rare); Myanmar; Thailand; 45. Neocheiropteris ensata (Thunb.) Ching — Malaysia; China. Erroneously mentioned by N.E. India (Manipur; Meghalaya; very rare); Chandra et al. (2008) from the Andaman and China; Taiwan; Korea; Japan; Vietnam. EN. Nicobar Islands due to a mistaken transposi- 46. Phymatosorus longissimus (Blume) Pic. tion of typed text. CR. Serm. — ?Sri Lanka (Tagawa and Iwatsuki [?Polypodiodes dielsiana (C. Chr.) Fraser-Jenk. 1989); Indian Islands (Nicobar Islands; very Reported and mapped by Rödl-Linder (1990) Rare and Threatened Pteridophytes of Asia 2. Endangered Species of India 159

from N.E. India (Meghalaya, coll. J. D. Endemic to Sri Lanka and S. India. EN; Hooker, K), but its presence in India is very Globally threatened. doubtful and requires confirmation; no such 57. Pyrrosia drakeana (Franch.) Ching — N.E. record exists in her card-index at L] India (Arunachal Pradesh; very rare); Tibet; [?Polypodiodes manmeiense (Christ) Fraser- China. VU. Jenk. — ?N.E. India (Meghalaya; listed as 58. Pyrrosia laevis (J. Sm.) Ching — N.E. from “Assam” sens. lat., without details by India (Meghalaya; very rare); Myanmar; Tibet; Rödl-Linder (1990), presumably following China. EN. Ching’s (1933) report from “Shillong, H. Z. [?Pyrrosia longifolia (Burm.f.) C. V. Morton — Darrah [name probably incorrect], 1888”, ?N.E. India (Arunachal Pradesh, reported from which was perhaps in error, not shown in her a single collection from Changlang District by map or card-index, its presence in India Singh and Panigrahi (2005), but with morpho- requires confirmation). Reported in error for P. logical differences mentioned and very proba- microrhizoma from the W. Indo-Himalaya bly in error for P. adnascens, specimen taken (Pithoragarh) by Pande and Pande (2002), and to Singh’s house in Dehra Dun so not available from Darjeeling etc. by Bir, Trikha and for proper reidentification; presence in India Vasudeva (1974) and Satija and Bir (1985); very doubtful); S. Myanmar (Moulmein); and mentioned by Ghosh et al. (2004) in error Thailand; Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam; S. China; for Thylacopteris papillosa from Meghalaya, Malaysia; Indonesia; Philippines; New with its very thin rhizome. Distinguished from Guinea; Australia; Polynesia. Absent from P. microrhizoma by the rhizome nearly twice Nepal, which was reported to be doubtful by as thick and veins free.] Hovenkamp (1986)]. 53. Polypodiodes simonsiana Fraser-Jenk. sp. 59. Pyrrosia rasamalae (Racib.) K. H. Shing nov. in prep. (misapplied name: Polypodiodes (misapplied name: P. floccigera) — N.E. India wattii sensu Fraser-Jenkins (2008b) etc., non (Arunachal Pradesh; very rare); Myanmar; (Bedd.) Ching [＝P. niponicum] — N.E. India Thailand; Malaysia; Indonesia; Philippines. (Arunachal Pradesh; Manipur; Meghalaya; VU. very rare); Myanmar. Similar to P. niponicum, 60. Pyrrosia stigmosa (Sw.) Ching — N.E. but larger, often with a curved rachis and mid India (Arunachal Pradesh, Debang Valley, and lower pinnae backward-deflexed and very Mayodia Pass, A. Benniamin 28757, acutely pointed. VU; Globally threatened. 12.12.2011, ASSAM, det CRFJ; very rare); 54. Polypodiodes niponicum (Mett.) Ching Myanmar; Thailand; Vietnam; Cambodia; (syn.: P. wattii (Bedd.) Ching, non sensu Fra- Malaysia; Indonesia; Tibet; China. Widely ser-Jenkins (2008b) etc., nec in Chandra et al. misreported from India by Mehra (1939), (2008)) — N.E. India (Arunachal Pradesh; Panigrahi (1960), Satija and Bir (1985) etc. in Nagaland; Manipur; Meghalaya; very rare); error for P. costata, thus previously unknown Tibet; China; Taiwan; Japan; Myanmar; Viet- from India. CR. nam. Not present in N.W. India as reported by 61. Pyrrosia subfurfuracea (Hook.) Ching — Chandra (2000) in error. NT. Bhutan, very rare; N.E. India (Arunachal 55. Pyrrosia boothii (Hook.) Ching — N.C. Pradesh; Nagaland; Manipur; very rare); India (Sikkim; very rare); Bhutan; N.E. India Myanmar; Tibet; China. NT. (Arunachal Pradesh; very rare); Myanmar; 62. Selliguea chrysotricha (C. Chr.) Fraser- Tibet. VU; Globally threatened. Jenk. — Bhutan; N.E. India (Arunachal Pradesh; 56. Pyrrosia ceylanica (Giesenh.) Sledge — very rare); Myanmar; China. EN. Sri Lanka; S. India (Karnataka; Kerala; Tamil 63. Selliguea engleri (Luerss.) Fraser-Jenk. — Nadu; very rare though probably overlooked). N.E. India (Arunachal Pradesh; Mizoram; very 160 Christopher R. Fraser-Jenkins

rare); China; Taiwan; Korea; Japan. EN. Globally threatened. 64. Selliguea majoensis (C. Chr.) Fraser- 73. Prosaptia alata (Blume) Christ — Sri Jenk. — N.E. India (Nagaland; Meghalaya; very Lanka; S. India (Tamil Nadu; very rare or rare); Tibet; China. EN. ?extinct), Thailand; Malaysia; Indonesia; Phil- 65. Selliguea subsparsa (Baker) Hovenkamp — ippines; Polynesia. CR or EX. N.E. India (Arunachal Pradesh; very rare); 74. Prosaptia contigua (G. Forst.) C. Presl — ?Thailand; Malaysia; Sumatra. First reported Sri Lanka; S. India (Kerala; Tamil Nadu; very from India by Dixit and Nair (1977) as Holco- rare); Thailand; Malaysia; Indonesia; Philip- sorus bisulcatus (i.e. Selliguea bisulcata) in pines; Australasia; Polynesia; China; Taiwan. error. This species may perhaps be conspecific CR. with S. enervis (Cav.) Ching. IUCN (1998) 75. Prosaptia khasyana (Hook.) C. Chr. et Tar- listed Holcosorus bisulcatus from Arunachal dieu — N.E. India (Meghalaya; very rare); Pradesh as Endangered. CR. Myanmar. Records of this species from else- 66. Selliguea tricuspis (Hook.) Fraser-Jenk. — where, including S. China and S.E. Asia refer N.C. India (Darjeeling, ?extinct; Sikkim; very to P. barathrophylla (Baker) M. G. Price. (per- rare); Thailand; Vietnam; Malaysia; S. China. sonal communication from B. S. Parris, May CR or EW. 2012). CR; Globally threatened. 67. Selliguea trisecta (Baker) Fraser-Jenk. — 76. Prosaptia obliquata (Blume) Mett. — Sri N.E. India (Assam State, Pynursla on Megha- Lanka; S. India (Kerala; Tamil Nadu; very laya border; very rare); Myanmar; Tibet; rare); Thailand; Vietnam; Malaysia; Indonesia; China. CR. Philippines; New Guinea; China; Taiwan. EN. 68. Thylacopteris papillosa (Blume) Kunze ex 77. Scleroglossum sulcatum (Kuhn) Alderw. — J. Sm. — N.E. India (Arunachal Pradesh; Megha- Sri Lanka, very rare; N.E. India (Meghalaya; laya, det. CRFJ; very rare); Malaysia; Indone- very rare); Thailand; Vietnam; Malaysia; Indo- sia; Philippines. Reported from Meghalaya by nesia; Philippines; Polynesia; China; Taiwan. Ghosh et al. (2004) sub Metapolypodium man- CR. meiense in error, specimen in CAL! CR. 78. Tomophyllum perplexum (Parris) Parris (misapplied name: Ctenopteris subfalcata Grammitidaceae sensu auct. austr.-Ind.) — Sri Lanka; S. India 69. Ctenopterella blechnoides (Grev.) Parris — (Tamil Nadu; very rare). Endemic to Sri Sri Lanka; S. India (Tamil Nadu; ?extinct); Lanka and S. India. CR; Globally threatened. Malaysia; Indonesia; Australia; Polynesia. CR or EX. Hymenophyllaceae 70. Oreogrammitis attenuata (Kunze) Parris — 79. Hymenophyllum acanthoides (Bosch.) Sri Lanka; S. India (Tamil Nadu; very rare). Rosenst. — S. India (Kerala; very rare); Thai- Endemic to Sri Lanka and S. India. EN; land; Malaysia; Indonesia; Philippines; New Globally threatened. Guinea; Taiwan. A report from N.E. India by 71. Oreogrammitis austroindica (Parris) Par- Ghosh (1982), repeated by Dixit (1984) was in ris — S. India (Tamil Nadu; known from a error for H. denticulatum, but the species and single 19th Century collection, probably report were not mentioned at all, nor corrected extinct). Endemic to S. India. CR or EX; by Ghosh et al. (2004). CR. Globally threatened. 80. Hymenophyllum barbatum (Bosch) Baker — 72. Oreogrammitis pilifera (Ravi et J. Joseph) N.E. India (Meghalaya; Mizoram; very rare); Parris (misapplied name: Grammitis medialis Myanmar; Thailand; Vietnam; China; Taiwan; sensu auct. Ind.) — S. India (Kerala; Tamil Japan. EN. Nadu; very rare). Endemic to S. India. VU; [?Hymenophyllum edentulum (Bosch) C. Chr. — Rare and Threatened Pteridophytes of Asia 2. Endangered Species of India 161

N.E. India (Meghalaya; apparently very rare, Islands (Nicobar Islands; very rare); N.E. India Dixit (1984), as from “Assam” sens. lat.); (Arunachal Pradesh; very rare); Myanmar; Malaysia; Indonesia. This is a dubious taxon Thailand; Vietnam; Malaysia; Indonesia; Poly- in addition to its identification from India nesia; Taiwan; Japan. EN. being unsure.] 88. ?Trichomanes mindorense Christ — ?S. 81. Hymenophyllum levingei C. B. Clarke — India (Kerala; very rare, Hameed, Rajesh and N.C. India (Sikkim; high altitude, very Madhusoodanan (2003), but may require con- restricted and rare); Bhutan; Tibet; China. NT; firmation); Malaysia, Philippines; New Globally threatened. Guinea; Australia; Polynesia. CR. 82. ?Trichomanes agasthianum (Madhus. et C. [?Trichomanes motleyi (Bosch) Bosch — Sri A. Hameed) C. A. Hameed, K. P. Rajesh et Lanka; ?Indian Islands (Andaman Islands; Madhus. (syn.: T. lunulatum (Madhus. et C. A. reported by Dixit (1984), with T. henzaianum Hameed) C. A. Hameed., K. P. Rajesh et Mad- in synonymy, but both omitted without expla- hus) — S. India (Tamil Nadu; Kerala; very nation by Dixit and Sinha (2001)); Myanmar; rare). Apparently Endemic to S. India. How- Vietnam; China; Taiwan; Japan; Thailand; ever the lamina-lobes extending slightly Malaysia; Indonesia; Philippines; Australia; beyond the sori are similar to Sledge’s descrip- Polynesia.] tion of T. kurzii, based on the type (and not to 89. Trichomanes parvifolium (Baker) Copel. — Hameed et al.’s description and illustration of Nepal, very rare; N.C. India (Sikkim; very T. kurzii). EN. rare); N.E. India (Arunachal Pradesh; Megha- 83. ?Trichomanes apiifolium C. Presl — Indian laya; very rare); Myanmar; Thailand. EN. Islands (Nicobar Islands; very rare); Thailand; 90. Trichomanes sublimbatum Müll. Berol. — Malaysian Islands; Indonesia; Philippines; N.E. India (Arunachal Pradesh; Meghalaya; New Guinea; Polynesia; Taiwan; Japan. very rare); S. India (Kerala; very rare); Myan- Reported from the Nicobars by Tagawa & mar; Thailand; S.E. Asia; China; New Guinea. Iwatsuki (1979), but not since; its presence VU. requires confirmation. It may be the same as the “Nesopteris grandis” (Copel.) Copel. Cyatheaceae reported from the Nicobar Islands by Dixit and 91. Cyathea albosetacea (Scott. ex Bedd.) Sinha (2001) and Dixit, Ghosh and Ghosh Copel. — Indian Islands (Nicobar Islands; (1997). CR. very rare). Endemic to the Nicobar Islands. 84. Trichomanes exiguum (Bedd.) Baker — Sri IUCN (1998) listed it as Vulnerable. EN; Lanka, uncommon; S. India (Karnataka; Ker- Globally threatened. ala; Tamil Nadu; very rare); Thailand; Malay- 92. Cyathea contaminans (Wall. ex Hook.) sia; Australia. EN. Copel. N.C. India (only known for certain [?Trichomanes grande Copel. — Indian Islands from a single Indian collection, from Rungbee (Nicobar Islands; very rare); Philippines; Poly- Valley, below Mongpo, Darjeeling, W. Bengal, nesia. See T. apiifolium, above] and perhaps either extinct or requiring confir- 85. Trichomanes henzaianum Parish ex Hook. — mation re identity); Thailand; China; Malay- S. India (Karnataka; very rare); Myanmar; sia; Indonesia; Philippines. Other mistaken Thailand; Vietnam; Malaya. EN. records mostly referred to C. brunoniana 86. Trichomanes latemarginale D. C. Eaton — (Wall. ex Hook.) C. B. Clarke et Baker. ?CR N.E. India (Meghalaya; very rare); China; Tai- or EX. wan; Japan; Vietnam; Malaysia. VU. 93. Cyathea crinita (Hook.) Copel. — Sri 87. Trichomanes maximum Blume (syn.: T. Lanka; S. India (Kerala; Tamil Nadu; very indicum S. R. Ghosh, nec al.) — Indian rare). Endemic to Sri Lanka and S. India. EN. 162 Christopher R. Fraser-Jenkins

94. ?Cyathea nicobarica N. P. Balakr. et R. D. N.E. India (Manipur; very rare); Myanmar; Dixit — Indian Islands (Nicobar Islands; very Thailand; China. The Indian plant was errone- rare). Described as endemic to the Nicobar ously separated as var. manipurensis A. Islands from a single, sterile and unidentifiable Biswas et T.Sen, now sunk here into the syn- pinna of a Cyathea listed by Holttum as not onymy of M. kurzii. M. kurzii was erroneously being C. albosetacea. Quite probably a known excluded from India by Fraser-Jenkins (2008) Sumatran species. CR or EX. due to confusion as to which specimen Dixit [Cyathea nilgirensis Holttum — South India (Ker- was referring to. CR; Globally threatened. ala; Tamil Nadu; not particularly rare). Errone- 100. Microlepia majuscula (E. J. Lowe) T. ously listed by IUCN (1998) as endangered.] Moore—Sri Lanka; S. India (Kerala; Tamil Nadu; very rare); Myanmar. EN. Dennstaedtiaceae 101. Microlepia trichocarpa Hayata — Nepal, 95. Dennstaedtia wilfordii (T. Moore) Christ ex very rare; N.C. India (Darjeeling; very rare); Ching — Pakistan; N. W. India (Jammu and N.E. India (Manipur; Meghalaya; rare); China; Kashmir; very rare, perhaps extinct?); China; Taiwan. EN. Japan. This highly disjunct occurrence in India 102. Pteridium brownseyi Fraser-Jenk. — Paki- is based only on a very few older collections stan; far N.W. India (Jammu and Kashmir; of this species around a small area on both very rare). VU. sides of the Pakistan/Indian border in the Jhelum 103. Pteridium semihastatum (Wall. ex J. Agardh) Valley, Kashmir, and has not been seen for S. B. Andrews — N.E. India (Arunachal Pradesh; some 40 years since the reports of Stewart very rare); Myanmar; Thailand; China; Viet- (1945, 1972). It also occurred a little further nam; Malaysia; Indonesia; Philippines; New west in the lower Kagan Valley, in Pakistan, so Guinea; Australia. A report from N.W. India is not an adventive species. A similar large dis- (Uttarakhand) was due to one of Wallich’s junction occurs with Dryopteris dickinsii. CR rather numerous confusions and mislabellings or EX. of a Singapore collection as if collected by R. 96. Hypolepis sp. ?near brooksiae Alderw. — Blinkworth in Kumaon, due to his sorting N.E. India (Arunachal Pradesh; very rare). H. some unclearly labelled collections less than brooksiae is from Malaysia; Indonesia. The critically by general appearance. This is a Indian plant is only very tentatively and not good species with fully formed spores, not the finally identified, being near H. polypodoides same as the very similar, but sterile hybrid with alternate pinnae, but with thorny axes as P. x yarrabense (Domin) Wakef. from Austra- in H. brooksiae. EN. lia. CR. 97. Microlepia calvescens (Wall. ex Hook.) C. Presl — N.E. India (Arunachal Pradesh; Mani- Lindsaeaceae pur; Meghalaya; rare); Myanmar; Thailand; [?Lindsaea bouillodii Christ — ?Indian Islands Vietnam; China; Taiwan; Java. Reported from (Andaman and Nicobar Islands, sub L. tenera the W. Himalaya in error, over-reported from (Ghosh and Dixit 1978, Dixit and Ghosh 1982, N.E. India and Nepal in error for M. marginata Dixit and Sinha 2001; very rare); S. India (Houte ex Panz.) C. Chr. NT. (Tamil Nadu, Tinevelly (Dixit 1984, sub L. 98. Microlepia caudigera T. Moore (syn.: M. bouillodii); very rare); Thailand; Vietnam; S. uropinnata Panigrahi et A. Das [＝A. Biswas], China; Malaysia. L. bouillodii was misre- nom. superfl.) — Bhutan; N.E. India (Arunachal ported by Dixit (1984) from Sri Lanka. Pradesh; ?Meghalaya; very rare); China. VU; Although Dixit subsequently separated L. Globally threatened. bouillodii as a distinct species, perhaps cor- 99. Microlepia kurzii (C. B. Clarke) Bedd. — rectly, Kramer (1972) had had doubts whether Rare and Threatened Pteridophytes of Asia 2. Endangered Species of India 163

it were truly distinct from L. tenera. Further Islands, unless L. bouillodii is not a distinct taxonomic investigation is required). species. Taxonomically somewhat uncertain as 104. Lindsaea chienii Ching — Indian Islands to whether it is really specifically distinct from (?Nicobar Islands (Dixit and Sinha 2001), may L. bouillodii. NT; Globally threatened. require reidentification; very rare); N.E. India 114. Lindsaea tetragona K. U. Kramer — Indian (Manipur; very rare); Myanmar; Thailand; Islands (Nicobar Islands; very rare); Indone- Vietnam; China; Taiwan; Japan. EN. sia; Polynesia. NT. 105. Lindsaea commixta Tagawa — Sri Lanka; 115. Lindsaea venusta Kaulf. ex Kuhn — Sri Indian Islands (Andaman Islands; very rare); Lanka; S. India (Kerala; Tamil Nadu; very S. India (Tamil Nadu; very rare); Nepal, very rare). Endemic to Sri Lanka and S. India. EN; rare; N.E. India (Meghalaya; very rare); Globally threatened. Myanmar; Vietnam; Malaysia; Indonesia; 116. Lindsaea walkerae Hook. (syn.: L. rutland- Philippines; China; Taiwan; Japan. Misre- ica [“rutlandia”] R. D. Dixit et B. Ghosh) — Sri ported from Uttarakhand (Mussoorie) on the Lanka; Indian Islands (Andaman Islands; very basis of a mislabelled specimen of R. L. Flem- rare); S.E. Asia; Australasia. EN. ing Sr., actually collected from the single S. C. 117. Tapeinidium pinnatum (Cav.) C. Chr. — S. Nepalese locality at Andhi Khola. EN. India (Tamil Nadu; very rare or extinct); Thai- 106. Lindsaea gueriniana (Gaudich.) Desv. — land; Malaysia; Philippines; Taiwan; Japan. Indian Islands (Andaman Islands; Nicobar Reported from the E. Himalaya by Dixit Islands; very rare); Malaysia; Philippines; (1984) in error. CR or EW. New Guinea; Polynesia. EN. 107. Lindsaea javanensis Blume — N.E. India Pteridaceae (syn.: Adiantaceae, Sinopteridaceae, (Assam State; Arunachal Pradesh; Meghalaya; Cheilanthaceae, Taenitidaceae, Cryptogram- very rare); Myanmar; Thailand; Malaysia; maceae, Parkeriaceae) China; Taiwan; Japan. VU. 118. Acrostichum speciosum Willd. — Indian 108. Lindsaea malabarica (Bedd.) Baker — S. Islands (Andaman Islands; Nicobar Islands; and C. India (Karnataka; Kerala; Tamil Nadu; very rare); Thailand; Australia. VU. ?Andhra Pradesh; Madhya Pradesh; very rare). 119. Adiantum flabellulatum L. — N.E. India Endemic to peninsular India. NT; Globally (Assam State; Manipur; Meghalaya; very threatened. rare); Bangladesh, ?extinct; Malaysia; Indone- 109. Lindsaea malayensis Holttum — Indian sia; China; Taiwan; Japan. VU. Islands (Nicobar Islands; very rare); Thailand; 120. Adiantum myriosorum Baker — Nepal; Malaysia.VU. N.C. India (Sikkim; restricted and rare); Bhu- 110. Lindsaea oblanceolata Alderw. — Indian tan; N.E. India (Arunachal Pradesh, very rare); Islands (Nicobar Islands; very rare); Thailand; Tibet; China; Taiwan. NT. Malaysia; Indonesia. EN. 121. Adiantum soboliferum Wall. ex Hook. — 111. Lindsaea obtusa J. Sm. ex Hook. (syn.: L. ?S. India (Tamil Nadu, listed by Dixit (1984), andamanica R. D. Dixit et B. Ghosh) — Ghosh et al. (2004) and Chandra, Fraser-Jen- Indian Islands (Andaman Islands; very rare); kins et al. (2008), but details required for con- China; S.E. Asia; Australasia. NT. firmation that it was not a misidentification); 112. Lindsaea parasitica (Roxb.) Hieron. — N.E. India (Assam, listed by the above Indian Islands (Andaman Islands; Nicobar authors, details required, including from BM, Islands; very rare); Thailand; Malaysia. NT. in case “Assam” was reported in a wide sense, 113. Lindsaea tenera Dryand. — Indian Islands in error for Nagaland; Nagaland; very rare). (Andaman Islands; Nicobar Islands; very rare). CR. ?Endemic to the Andaman and Nicobar [?Adiantum stenochlamys Baker — ?Andaman 164 Christopher R. Fraser-Jenkins

Islands (reported by Dixit (1992b) and thence rare); Tibet; China. Despite having been prop- Dixit and Sinha (2001) from a single specimen erly identified for them beforehand as a typical at CAL, but no material of it found in CAL, small A. tamburii and not A. argentea by the and its identity therefore requires confirma- present author, A. punethae was erroneously tion); Malaysia; Indonesia; Philippines.] described and published without informing 122. Aleuritopteris argentea (S. G. Gmel.) him, but is now accepted as A. tamburii by its Fée — ?N.C. India (?Sikkim, J. D. Hooker; author and awaits correction by them (B. S. very rare); Bhutan; ?N.E. India (?Meghalaya, Kholia personal communication, April 2012). J. D. Hooker, locality and/or identity doubtful, EN. perhaps in error for A. tamburii, or perhaps 128. Aleuritopteris(?) thwaitesii (Mett. ex actually from Sikkim — to see material at K/ Kuhn) Saiki (syn.: Cheilanthes keralensis N. BM; Arunachal Pradash; very rare); China; C. Nair et S. R. Ghosh) — Sri Lanka; S. India Taiwan; Japan; Korea; E. Siberia. Reported (Tamil Nadu; very rare). Endemic to Sri from Uttarakhand (Pithoragarh) by Punetha et Lanka and S. India. The S. Indian plant was al. (2008) in error. CR. described as C. keralensis, but was actually 123. Aleuritopteris duclouxii (Christ) Ching — from Tamil Nadu, not Kerala; it may still N.E. India (Arunachal Pradesh, Namdapha, require further comparison with Cheilanthes Shirong to Hunung, c. 1100 m., B. K. Shukla belangeri. The genus is rather uncertain and 88207, 7.2.1986, ASSAM, sub “C. anceps” in might be Cheilanthes Sect. Cheilosoria. CR; error, not previously noticed in India, tenta- Globally threatened. tively reported by Fraser-Jenkins and Dulawat 129. Anogramma leptophylla L. — Europe; W. (2009) as possibly being the similar species, A. Asia; Afghanistan; N.W. Pakistan; C. India shensiensis Ching, in error; very rare). See (Maharashtra; rare); S. India (Tamil Nadu; Fraser-Jenkins and Benniamin (2010). CR. very rare). Records from the Indian W. Hima- 124. Aleuritopteris duthiei (Baker) Ching — laya and Nepal refer to A. reichsteinii Fraser- N.W. India (Uttarakhand; very rare); Nepal; Jenk., but the single Nepalese record of that Bhutan; Tibet. CR; Globally threatened. species (Chapagaon, Kathmandu, R. L. Flem- 125. Aleuritopteris scioana (Chiov.) Fraser- ing 2231, MICH) is due to a locality-label Jenk. et Dulawat — E. Africa; Socotra; S. Ara- confusion and came from Mussoorie in Uttara- bia; W. India (Rajasthan; very rare). CR. khand, N.W. India. EN. 126. Aleuritopteris subargentea Ching ex S. K. 130. Cheilanthes bhutanica Fraser-Jenk. et Wu — Nepal; N.C. India (N. Sikkim; very Tandi (syn.: Pellaea yunnanensis Ching) — rare); Tibet; China; Taiwan. CR. N.C. India (N. Sikkim; very rare, CAL); Bhu- 127. Aleuritopteris tamburii (Hook.) Ching tan; Tibet; China. CR. (syn.: A. punethae Kholia, Bakhuni et Richa) — [?Cheilanthes trichophylla Baker — ?N.C. India N.W. India (Uttarakhand, misidentified by (?Sikkim, Kyangnos la, S. C. Verma, specimen Punetha et al. (2008) as A. argentea, and then lost but recorded by Verma from memory; subsequently as a new species, A. punethae, by very rare indeed if correct); China.] Kholia et al. (2011), with two different dates 131. Cryptogramma brunoniana Wall. ex cited, but the origin probably requires confir- Hook. et Grev. subsp. raddeana (Fomin) Fra- mation and is now said to have been destroyed ser-Jenk. — Georgia (Caucasus); ?N.W. Nepal; (Kholia personal communication, 2012)); W., N.E. India (Arunachal Pradesh, Upper Siang, C. and E. Nepal; N.C. India (Sikkim; very Teetapuri, N. of Tuting, c. 3000 m., M.K. rare); N.E. India (Arunachal Pradesh, Anjaw, Pathak 73006, in 2009, CAL, det. CRFJ, Di Chu Gorge, 4500′. F. Kingdon-Ward 12.2011; very rare); Tibet; China. EN. 19362, 30.6.1950, BM!; Meghalaya; very 132. Doryopteris ludens (Wall. ex Hook.) J. Rare and Threatened Pteridophytes of Asia 2. Endangered Species of India 165

Sm. — N.E. India (Assam State; Manipur; is only certainly known from the single small Nagaland; Tripura; Mizoram; very rare); E. type-specimen with two leaves, which though India (Orissa, very rare); Bangladesh; Myan- fertile, but immature, appears probably to rep- mar; Thailand; Vietnam; Malaysia; Indonesia; resent semi-sterile frond-morphology. Khullar Philippines; New Guinea; Australasia. NT. and Verma (2012) placed the two taxa into 133. Notholaena borealisinensis (Kitag.) Fra- different groups, which is not accepted here as ser-Jenk. (syn.: Gymnopteris borealisinensis both are actually precisely intermediate Kitag.; Paragymnopteris bipinnata (Christ) K. between the two groups, of O. japonicum and H. Shing var. auriculata (Franch.) K. H. O. cryptogrammoides. Despite their statement Shing; a mistyping by Fraser-Jenkins (2008b: to the contrary, both species have thinly herba- 134) appears to say that the bipinnate species, ceous fronds and fragile stipes and the veins in Paragymnopteris bipinnata (Christ) K. H. O. tenuifrons are not always raised above, Shing [syn.: Paraceterach bipinnatum (Christ) especially in immature plants. They described R. M. Tryon], is a synonym of N. borealisi- the rhizome of O. fragile as short-creeping in nensis, however the word “and” before var. its protologue, repeated in this paper, as also auriculata is an overlooked typing error and for O. tenuifrons, but then in contradiction tab- should have been removed — Bhutan; N.E. ulated the former as long-creeping, which India (Arunachal Pradesh; very rare); Tibet; however cannot be seen in the specimen itself, China. The genus for this species and N. him- and did not appear to them to be so when they alaica Fraser-Jenk. is unclear as it differs from initially wrote the protologue. Any possible Notholaena (type: N. marantae — J. Smith’s differences in rhizome length are not actually apparent typifications in Historia Filicum known as yet and need to be studied in both (1875) are not typifications as he meant the species. They also said that O. tenuifrons has a word type in a different sense, sometimes cit- different rhizome anatomy, yet admitted that it ing more than one species, or none of the orig- matched that of O. fragile in one of the speci- inal species) in having hairs instead of scales mens of O. tenuifrons studied for them in and might perhaps belong to Paraceterach. N. China. Another important difference is that dipinnata Fraser-Jenk. was reported by Fraser- they said that O. tenuifrons has a pale stramin- Jenkins in Chandra et al. (2008) from N.E. eous stipe-base whereas O. fragile always has India (Arunachal Pradesh, Lohit) in error for a a black base (that is, always in the single spec- rather folded up specimen of N. borealisinen- imen available). However the dark stipe-base sis. EN. in many, though not all specimens of O. tenui- 134. Notholaena delavayi (Baker) C. Chr. — frons as well is clearly visible in two of their N.W. India (Uttarakhand; very rare); Nepal; photographs of it (5b and 9), as also in much Bhutan. Erroneously reported from Himachal more copious material of it seen by CRFJ in Pradesh. EN. PE, and the mid and upper stipe in O. tenui- 135. Notholaena lanuginosa (Desf.) Desv. ex frons is similarly green, drying pale or stra- Poir. subsp. bivalens Reichst. (syn., or perhaps mineous. From study of O. tenuifrons in BM correct name: Cosentinea vellea (Aiton) Tod. and of a population-collection of O. fragile subsp. bivalens (Reichst.) Rivas Mart et collected at Mussoorie (CRFJ 18602, 18605, Salvo) — Europe; N. Africa; W. Asia; Pakistan; Oct. 1991, E) and verified by Khullar, the N.W. India (Himachal Pradesh; very rare). EN. spores of both species are also generally very 136. ?Onychium fragile S. C. Verma et similar in morphology and size, though one Khullar — N.W. India (Uttarakhand, Mus- specimen with smaller spores, investigated for soorie; very rare). Probably a synonym of the Khullar and Verma (2012) as O. tenuifrons, very similar species, O. tenuifrons. O. fragile may suggest that specimen might have been 166 Christopher R. Fraser-Jenkins

misidentified; but only a white, immature being unaware of its range in the Indo-Hima- spore of O. fragile was illustrated by Khullar laya. Even excluding O. fragile, it is not con- and Verma (2012), from which conclusions fined to Yunnan, as stated by Khullar and cannot be drawn. Finally both are triploid apo- Verma (2012). ?VU. mict, a fact that was not accepted by Khullar 137. Onychium tenuifrons Ching (probable because as stated by Kato to CRFJ and thence syn.: O. fragile S. C. Verma et Khullar) — informed to Khullar, the counts on O. tenui- ?N.W. India (Uttarakhand; very restricted); frons from China were mitotic root-tip counts. Nepal, very rare; N.E. India (Arunachal However in the whole body of literature on the Pradesh; very rare); China. VU. cytology of pteridophytes world-wide no sin- 138. Pellaea boivinii Hook. — Sri Lanka; S. gle instance of a triploid plant with good, non- India (Kerala; Tamil Nadu; very rare); Mas- hybrid type spores, as here (apart from two carenes; Madagascar. IUCN (1998) listed it sterile voucher-specimens), has ever been from Sri Lanka only as indeterminate. VU. reported except in apomicts and it is obvious 139. Pellaea calomelanos (Sw.) Link — Paki- that O. tenuifrons is inescapably also triploid stan, very rare; N.W. India (Himachal Pradesh; apomict, even though it needs more chromo- Uttarakhand; very rare); W. Nepal; W. Europe some-counts and spore-checking. (Spain); Macaronesia (Azores, ?introduced); As so far known the only obvious difference Africa; Madagascar; Mascarenes. EN. This between them, but one not noticed by Khullar African element has a typical ancient W. and Verma (2012), is that the pinnae in the Himalayan range in India. type of O. fragile are wider-based than in most 140. Pellaea falcata R. Br. (syn.: P. seticaulis O. tenuifrons, but narrow pinnae are not con- (Hook.) S. R. Ghosh) — Sri Lanka; S. India sistent in Chinese O. tenuifrons and may per- (Tamil Nadu; very rare); Malaysia; Austral- haps be a feature of the semi-sterile type of asia. NT. morphology that the type of O. fragile appears 141. Pellaea longipilosa Bonap. (syn.: P. mala- to have, as some of CRFJ’s fully mature col- barica B.K.Nayar et Geev.) — E. Africa; S. lections of it from Barlowganj, Mussoorie, India (Kerala; very rare). CR. also have rather elongated, narrowish pinnae. 142. ?Pteris amoena Blume — N.E. India While remaining uncertain (as pointed out by (Assam State, Cachar, G. Mann; very rare); Fraser-Jenkins in Thapa (2002), but misquoted Indonesia. The Assam collection might do as being Thapa’s comment by Khullar in Khul- with comparison with a subjuvenile P. termi- lar and Verma), it remains possible that O. nalis. The Meghalaya collection also cited by fragile may well be a synonym of O. tenui- Ching (coll. H. H. Godwin-Austen, K) is a frons, as first suggested and then concluded by specimen of P. terminalis. A report from Kash- Fraser-Jenkins in various publications over mir (“Cashmea”) by Ghosh et al. (2004) was time. But it requires further re-investigation an error for Cachar. CR. before a final conclusion can be made, particu- 143. Pteris barbigera Ching — N.C. India larly considering pinna-width and spore-size. (Darjeeling, Rungbi valley; very rare or No more is yet known of the range of O. extinct, not seen again after the original collec- fragile, but O. tenuifrons occurs in W. Nepal tion of H. F. Blanford’s); China. CR or EX. and Arunachal Pradesh (correctly reported by 144. Pteris geminata Wall. ex J. Agardh (syn.: Biswas and Ghosh (1983), which was not P. kleiniana Christ) — S. India (Tamil Nadu; mentioned by Khullar and Verma), and the very rare). Endemic to South India. EN; Flora of China (Flora Reipublicae Popularis Globally threatened. Sinicae 1990) gives its Chinese range as Yun- 145. Pteris griffithii Hook. — N.E. India nan, Szechuan and Kweichow, while naturally (Arunachal Pradesh; very rare); Myanmar; Rare and Threatened Pteridophytes of Asia 2. Endangered Species of India 167

?China. Reported by Dixit and Sinha (2001) India etc. A further species with smooth black from the Andaman Islands in error (see stipes amd toothed segment-apices, misre- below); reported by Pasha and Chakraborty ported by Dixit and Sinha (2001) as “P. (1984) and thence Mirza and Rahman (1997) quadriaurita” from the Andaman Islands is as from Chittagong, Bangladesh, in error for the yet unidentified, though very distinct, but is adventive far E. Asian species P. multifida. quite common. ?CR; Globally threatened. CR; Globally threatened. 150. Pteris reptans T. G. Walker — Sri Lanka; 146. Pteris hookeriana J. Agardh (syn.: Idiop- S. India (Kerala; very rare). Endemic to Sri teris hookeriana (J. Agardh) T. G. Walker) — Lanka and S. India. CR; Globally threatened. Sri Lanka; S. India (Kerala; very rare). 151. Pteris tricolor Linden — N.E. India Endemic to Sri Lanka and S. India. CR; (Manipur; Tripura; very rare); Myanmar; S.W. Globally threatened. China. Misreported from Sikkim in error for a 147. Pteris inaequalis Baker — N.E. India white-variegated P. subquinata. EN. (Arunachal Pradesh, Kameng; very rare); 152. Pteris tripartita Sw. — Sri Lanka; Indian China. CR. Islands (Andaman Islands; Nicobar Islands; 148. Pteris mertensioides Willd. — Sri Lanka; very rare); S. India (Tamil Nadu, very rare, Indian Islands (Andaman Islands; very rare); partly reported sub P. wallichiana by Man- S. India (Tamil Nadu; Kerala; very rare); ickam, Benniamin et al. (2004) in error and Myanmar; Thailand; Malaysia; Philippines; corrected after reidentification by the present Polynesia. Reported from N.E. India and Bhu- author by Benniamin (2011)); N.E. India tan in error for P. taiwanensis Ching (a segre- (Arunachal Pradesh, Siang; ?Manipur, in gate of P. wallichiana with much narrower CAL; very rare); China; Taiwan; Myanmar; segments, but distinguishable from P. merten- Thailand; Malaysia; Indonesia; Philippines; sioides by its anastomosing basal veinlets, if Australasia; Polynesia; Africa; Madagascar. sometimes hard to observe due to the very nar- EN. row wing between lobes). CR. 153. Pteris venulosa Blume — N.E. India 149. Pteris quadriaurita Retz. — Sri Lanka; S. (Manipur; Mizoram; very rare); ?Thailand; India (Tamil Nadu; very rare or extinct). Non- Malesia; Indonesia. Frequently misreported apiculate, but toothed pinnules. Endemic to from N.E. India in error for P. pseudopellu- Sri Lanka and S. India. As P. quadriaurita has cida, misreported from S. India by Nayar and apparently not been collected in S. India since Geevarghese (1993) in error for P. pellucida/P. Koenig’s type collection, its presence there and venusta. CR. the identity of the type may now need further 154. Pteris sp. (sub “P. pluricaudata” sensu consideration since its initial identification by Dixit and Sinha (2001), non Copel. [from the Walker (1960). It is possible that it could be a Philippines]) — Indian Islands (Andaman specimen of P. otaria Bedd. with no reduced Islands; very rare). Specimen at CAL requires areas of lamina, and pinnae with the full com- reidentification. CR. pliment of pinnules. If so the name P. quadri- 155. Pteris sp. (sub “P. griffithii” sensu Dixit aurita would apply to P. otaria and the Sri and Sinha (2001), non Hook. — Indian Islands Lankan plant referred by Walker to P. quadri- (Andaman Islands; very rare). Specimen at aurita would be an undescribed species, as PBL requires reidentification. CR. originally proposed by Walker (1956) in his 156. Syngramma alismifolia (C. Presl) J. Sm. — Ph.D. thesis, but later abandoned. The name Indian Islands (Nicobar Islands; very rare P. quadriaurita has been and continues to be (Dixit and Sinha 2001)); Thailand; Vietnam; misapplied widely to quite different members Malaysia; Indonesia; Philippines. CR. of the P. aspericaulis aggregate in C. and N. 157. Taenitis blechnoides (Willd.) Sw. — Sri 168 Christopher R. Fraser-Jenkins

Lanka; Indian Islands (Nicobar Islands; very Myanmar; Thailand; Vietnam; China. EN. rare); S. India (type, very rare); N.E. India 166. Asplenium exiguum Bedd. subsp. exiguum — (Meghalaya, Sohra; very rare), mistakenly S. India (Kerala; Tamil Nadu; very rare). Sub- stated by Fraser-Jenkins in Chandra et al. species endemic to S. India. EN; Globally (2008) as being from Arunachal Pradesh); threatened. Bangladesh, ?extinct; China; Myanmar; Thai- 167. Asplenium grevillei Wall. ex Hook. et land; Vietnam; Malaysia; Indonesia; Philip- Grev. — S. India (Kerala; very rare); N.E. India pines; Australasia; Polynesia. Transposed by (Arunachal Pradesh; Meghalaya; very rare); typographical mistake in Chandra et al. (2008) Myanmar; Thailand; Laos; Vietnam. VU. to Lindsaeaceae. EN. 168. Asplenium hondoense N.Murak. et Hatan. (syn.: Hymenasplenium hondoense) — S. Vittariaceae India (Kerala; Tamil Nadu; very rare); C. 158. Antrophyum parvulum Blume — Indian Nepal, rare; N.E. India (Mizoram; very rare); Islands (Nicobar Islands (Dixit and Sinha, China; Japan. Misidentified by Fraser-Jenkins 2001); very rare); N.C. India (Sikkim; very in Chandra et al. (2008) as A. apogamum N. rare); N.E. India (Meghalaya; very rare); Murak. et Hatan., when first recognised in Myanmar; Thailand; China; Taiwan; Malaysia; India. NT. Indonesia; Philippines; Japan. EN. 169. Asplenium hymenophylloides Fée — W. 159. Vittaria microlepis Hieron. — Sri Lanka; S. and E. Africa; W. India (Rajasthan, Mt. Abu; India (Tamil Nadu; very rare). Endemic to Sri very rare). EN. Lanka and S. India. EN; Globally threatened. 170. Asplenium khasianum Sledge — N.E. India 160. Vittaria ensiformis Sw. (syn.: V. montana (Assam State; Arunachal Pradesh; Manipur; Manickam) — Mascarene Islands; Sri Lanka; Meghalaya; very rare); Myanmar; Thailand. S. India (Tamil Nadu; very rare). Reported by NT. Dixit and Sinha (2001) from the Nicobar 171. Asplenium macrophyllum Sw. — Africa; Islands in error for V. elongata. VU. Madagascar; Mascarenes; N.E. India (W. Ben- gal, Rangeet valley; Assam State; Nagaland; Aspleniaceae very rare); Myanmar; Thailand; Vietnam; 161. Asplenium affine Sw. — Sri Lanka; S. Malaysia; Indonesia; Philippines. NT. India (Tamil Nadu; very rare); Mascarenes; 172. Asplenium mysorense Roth (syn.: A. lak- Malaysia; Indonesia. EN. shmananii M. B. Viswan.; A. bipinnatum 162. Asplenium auritum Sw. — Madagascar; (Sledge) Philcox, non al.) — Sri Lanka; S. Mascarenes; S. India (Tamil Nadu; very rare); India (Karnataka; Kerala; Tamil Nadu; very C. and S. America. VU. rare); Malaysia. Misreported from many other 163. Asplenium batuense Alderw. — Indian countries by Dixit (1984) in error for A. poly- Islands (Nicobar Islands; very rare); Thailand; odon and A. falcatum (see Salgado and Fraser- Malaysia; Indonesia. CR. Jenkins (in press) re A. falcatum). NT. 164. ?Asplenium daghestanicum Christ subsp. 173. Asplenium paucivenosum (Ching) Bir — hunzanum (Reichst. et Fraser-Jenk.) Fraser- N.C. India (W. Bengal; rare); China. Octaploid Jenk. — N. Pakistan, very rare; ?N.W. India sexual, and much rarer than the closely related (Uttarakhand, Nanda Devi, BSD, but identity and larger tetraploid sexual A. magnificum uncertain; very rare). CR; Globally threat- Ching (from Uttarakhand to Arunachal ened. Pradesh; Nepal; Bhutan; Tibet; China). VU. 165. Asplenium delavayi (Franch.) Copel. — 174. Asplenium pellucidum Lam. — E. Africa; W. Nepal, very rare; N.C. India (Sikkim; very Madagascar; Mascarenes; Sri Lanka; N.C. rare); Bhutan; N.E. India (Manipur; very rare); India (Sikkim; very rare); Myanmar; Thailand; Rare and Threatened Pteridophytes of Asia 2. Endangered Species of India 169

Vietnam; Malaysia; Indonesia; Philippines; ton — Africa; Madagascar; Sri Lanka; S. India New Guinea. CR. (Tamil Nadu; very rare); Myanmar; Thailand; 175. Asplenium rivulare Fraser-Jenk. — S. India Laos; Sumatra; New Guinea; Australia; New (Kerala; Tamil Nadu; very rare). As known so Zealand. CR. far endemic to S. India. NT; Globally threat- 186. Thelypteris cuspidata (Blume) K. Iwats. — ened. Indian Islands (Nicobar Islands; very rare); 176. Asplenium rockii C. Chr. — S.E. India Malaysia; Indonesia; Philippines; Polynesia. (Andhra Pradesh; very rare); N.E. India EN. (Arunachal Pradesh; Nagaland; Manipur; very 187. Thelypteris didymochlaenoides (C.B. rare); Myanmar; China. VU. Clarke) Holttum — N.E. India (Meghalaya; 177. Asplenium sarellii Hook. subsp. pekinense very rare). As known so far endemic to N.E. (Hance) Fraser-Jenk., Pangtey et Khul- India, but very probably also occuring in lar — Pakistan, very rare; N.W. India (Jammu Myanmar and perhaps also China. CR. & Kashmir; Himachal Pradesh; Uttarakhand; 188. Thelypteris elwesii (Baker) Ching — N.C. very rare); W. Nepal, very rare; Tibet; China; India (Sikkim; very rare); China. Listed from Taiwan; Korea; Japan. VU. Sikkim only by IUCN (1998) as Rare. VU. 178. Asplenium scalare Rosenst. — S. India 189. Thelypteris griffithii (T. Moore) C.F. Reed (Kerala; very rare); Sumatra; Malaysia. CR. — N.E. India (Meghalaya; very rare); Myan- 179. Asplenium serricula Fée — Sri Lanka; S. mar; China; Taiwan. EN. India (Tamil Nadu; very rare); Philippines. 190. ?Thelypteris gustavii (Bedd.) C.F. Reed — VU. N.E. India (Assam State; very rare); ?Thailand 180. Asplenium sikkimbirii Fraser-Jenk. — N.C. (Holttum, 1976a), but not accepted by Lindsay India (Sikkim; very rare); N.E. India et al. (2009). Known for sure only from Assam (Arunachal Pradesh; very rare); China. VU. State, but as stated by Holttum, near to and 181. Asplenium ?sublaserpitiifolium Ching — possibly conspecific with T. evoluta. ?EN. Indian Islands (Nicobar Islands; very rare); 191. ?Thelypteris heterocarpa (Blume) C. V. Malaysia. The Nicobar species is not A. niti- Morton — Indian Islands (Andaman Islands; dum, but although it may be correctly identi- Nicobar Islands (Dixit and Sinha, 2001); very fied as A. sublaserpitiifolium, its identity could rare, but needing confirmation of identity as do with confirmation. VU. specimens so identified in CAL are T. poly- 182. Asplenium tenerum G. Forst. — Seychelles; carpa); Thailand; Vietnam; Malaysia; Indone- Sri Lanka; Indian Islands (Nicobar Islands; sia; Philippines; Australia; Polynesia; China. very rare); S. India (Kerala; Tamil Nadu; very Misreported from Assam State, Kamrup, by rare); Myanmar; Thailand; Vietnam; Taiwan; Kachroo et al. (1989). ?VU. Japan; Malaysia; Indonesia; Philippines; New 192. Thelypteris hirsutipes (C.B. Clarke) Ching Guinea; Australia; Polynesia. NT. — N.E. India (Meghalaya; very rare); China; 183. Asplenium thunbergii Kunze — N.E. India Thailand; Malaysia. VU. (Manipur; very rare); Myanmar; Thailand; 193. Thelypteris hirtisora (C. Chr.) K. Iwats. — Malaysia; Indonesia; Philippines. CR or EW. N.E. India (Nagaland; Mizoram; very rare); Myanmar; Thailand; Laos; Vietnam; China. Thelypteridaceae EN. 184. Thelypteris beddomei (Baker) Ching — 194. Thelypteris hokouensis (Ching) C. F. Reed — Sri Lanka; S. India (Kerala; Tamil Nadu; very N.E. India (Mizoram; very rare (Holttum rare); Malaysia; Indonesia, Philippines; New 1976a), perhaps requiring confirmation as only Guinea; China; Taiwan; Japan. CR. an immature frond-apex was seen); China. CR. 185. Thelypteris confluens (Thunb.) C. V. Mor- 195. Thelypteris immersa (Blume) Ching — 170 Christopher R. Fraser-Jenkins

Indian Islands (Andaman Islands; Nicobar 200. Thelypteris opulenta (Kaulf.) Fosberg — Islands (Dixit and Sinha, 2001); very rare); E. Africa; Seychelles; Sri Lanka; Indian ?N.E. India (erroneously reported, described Islands (Nicobar Islands; very rare); S. India as if with a creeping rhizome and lobed pin- (Tamil Nadu; very rare); Myanmar; Thailand; nules, and illustrated from “Assam” i.e. Malaysia; Indonesia; Philippines; Australia; ?Meghalaya or ?Arunachal Pradesh, W. New Caledonia; Polynesia. Reported from N. Griffith, K (Beddome (1867), but reidentified India in error. EN. by Clarke (in Beddome 1883) as T. graciles- 201. Thelypteris paludosa (Blume) K. Iwats. — cens, though Assam mentioned again by Holt- S. India (Tamil Nadu; very rare); N.E. India tum (1976b)); Thailand; Malaysia; Indonesia; (Arunachal Pradesh; very rare); Thailand; Philippines; Australia; Polynesia. Misreported Malaysia; Indonesia. EN. from China by Holttum (1976b). EN. 202. Thelypteris palustris Schott subsp. palus- 196. Thelypteris kingii C. F. Reed — N.C. India tris — Europe; W. Asia; Pakistan; N.W. India (Sikkim; very rare). As known at present (Jammu & Kashmir; Himachal Pradesh; very endemic to Sikkim, but likely to occur in local and rare). VU. Tibet and China. EN; Globally threatened. 203. Thelypteris parasitica (L.) Fosberg subsp. 197. Thelypteris kurzii (Holttum) Fraser-Jenk. — manickirudorum Fraser-Jenk. et Benniamin — Indian Islands (Nicobar Islands; very rare or S. India (Tamil Nadu; very rare). A diploid perhaps extinct). Endemic to the Nicobar subspecies, as known so far apparently Islands. CR or EX. endemic to S. India. EN; Globally threat- [Thelypteris latebrosa (Kunze ex Mett.) C. F. ened. Reed — N.C. India (reported from W. Bengal, 204. Thelypteris polycarpa (Blume) K. Iwats. — Duars, J.S. Gamble 6652c, K, in error, see Indian Islands (Nicobar Islands; very rare); Chandra et al. (2008)); Malaysia; Indonesia; Thailand; Vietnam; Malaysia; Indonesia; Phil- Philippines.] ippines; Polynesia. EN. 198. Thelypteris megacuspis (Baker) C. F. 205. Thelypteris repanda (Fée) C.V. Morton Reed — N.E. India (Arunachal Pradesh; very (syn.: Pronephrium birii R. D. Dixit) — N.E. rare); Chinal Vietnam. CR. India (Arunachal Pradesh; very restricted); [Thelypteris menisciicarpa (Blume) K. Iwats. — Myanmar; Vietnam; Malaysia; Indonesia; ?Indian Islands (Nicobar Islands, very rare; Philippines. VU. reported by Dixit and Sinha (2001), but 206. Thelypteris scallanii (Christ) C.V. Morton — requires confirmation as no correct Nicobars N.E. India (Arunachal Pradesh, Siang; very material present at CAL; probably in error for rare; Meghalaya, Elephant Falls; very rare); a juvenile T. nudata); Thailand; Malaysia; China; Vietnam. VU. Indonesia; Philippines; New Guinea. Reported 207. Thelypteris siamensis Tagawa et K. Iwats. — from N.E. India (Arunachal Pradesh) by Singh N.C. India (W. Bengal, Sevoke; very rare); and Panigrahi (2005) in error for a small T. Bhutan, very rare; N.E. India (Arunachal lakhimpurensis.] Pradesh; very rare). NT. 199. Thelypteris namburensis (Bedd.) C. F. 208. Thelypteris srilankensis Panigrahi (syn.: Reed — N.E. India (Assam; Arunachal Pradesh; Christella zeylanica (Fée) Holttum) — Sri very rare). As known so far endemic to N.E. Lanka, very rare, probably extinct; ?Indian India, but likely to occur in Myanmar and/or Islands (Nicobar Islands (Dixit and Sinha China. Misreported from Thailand by Holttum (2001) reported as doubtful); if present, very (1976a) in error, and not recorded from there rare, but requires confirmation of identity). by Tagawa and Iwatsuki (1988) or Lindsay et Endemic to Sri Lanka (?and the Nicobars). al. (2009). EN. ?CR; Globally threatened. Rare and Threatened Pteridophytes of Asia 2. Endangered Species of India 171

209. Thelypteris zeylanica Ching — Sri Lanka; 216. Athyrium niponicum (Mett.) Hance — N.E. ?N.E. India (Arunachal Pradesh; very rare). As India (Arunachal Pradesh; Manipur; Tripura; known so far endemic to Sri Lanka and ?N.E. very rare); China; Taiwan; Korea; Japan. VU. India. Although this may be a good species, it 217. Athyrium otophorum (Miq.) Koidz. — is conceivable that these plants might only be N.W. India (Uttarakhand, Pithoragarh; very depauperate forms of T. calcarata and T. cau- rare); China; Taiwan; Japan. EN. dipinna respectively, and require further inves- 218. Athyrium repens (Ching) Fraser-Jenk. — tigative study. ?CR; Globally threatened. Nepal; N.C. India (Sikkim; very rare); Bhutan; Tibet; China. EN. Woodsiaceae (syn.: Rhachidosoraceae, Cystop- 219. Athyrium roseum Christ — C. Nepal, very teridaceae, Diplaziopsidaceae, Athyriaceae, rare; N.C. India (Darjeeling; very rare); Tibet; Onocleaceae). China. CR. 210. Athyrium atratum Bedd. — N.E. India 220. Deparia macdonellii (Bedd.) M. Kato — (Arunachal Pradesh; Manipur; very rare); Viet- Pakistan; N.W. India (Jammu & Kashmir; nam; Sumatra; Indonesia. IUCN (1998) listed Himachal Pradesh; very rare). Endemic to the it from Manipur only as endangered. EN. W. Indo-Himalaya, and related to, but distinct [Athyrium davidii (Franch.) Christ (syn.: A. from the Chinese species, D. pterorhachis duthiei (Bedd.) Bedd.) — N.W. India (Uttara- (Christ) M. Kato. CR; Globally threatened. khand; rare); Nepal, fairly common; N.C. 221. Diplazium austrosylvaticum Fraser-Jenk. India (Sikkim; fairly common); N.E. India et Benniamin — S. India (Tamil Nadu, Agastya- (Arunachal Pradesh; very rare). Its synonym, malai Hills; very rare). Endemic to S. India. A. duthiei, was listed from Kumaon and Sik- CR; Globally threatened. kim by IUCN (1998) as Rare.] 222. Diplazium beddomei C. Chr. — Sri Lanka; 211. Athyrium delavayi Christ — N.E. India S. India (?Kerala; Tamil Nadu; very rare). (Meghalaya; Mizoram; very rare); China; Tai- Endemic to Sri Lanka and S. India. CR; wan. CR. Globally threatened. 212. Athyrium dissitifolium (Baker) C. Chr. — 223. Diplazium burmanicum Ching ex W. M. N.E. India (Arunachal Pradesh; very rare); Chu et Z. R. He (syn.: D. bantamense Blume Myanmar; Thailand; China. CR. var. listeri G. King, ined., in herb. CAL, K) — 213. Athyrium khasimontanum Fraser-Jenk. — N.E. India (Arunachal Pradesh; very rare and N.E. India (Meghalaya; very rare). As known restricted); Myanmar. EN; Globally threat- so far endemic to N.E. India, but likely to ened. occur in Myanmar and/or China. CR; Glob- 224. Diplazium cognatum (Hieron.) Sledge — ally threatened. Sri Lanka, rare; S. India (Kerala; Tamil Nadu; 214. Athyrium kumaonicum Holttum ex very rare). Endemic to Sri Lanka and S. India; Punetha — N.W. India (Uttarakhand; very rare). but closely related to or possibly a synonym of Range imperfectly known. As known so far D. leptophyllum. Listed from Sri Lanka only apparently endemic to N.W. India, but by IUCN (1998) as Indeterminate. VU; Glob- requires more careful distinction from other ally threatened. similar species further east in the Himalaya. 225. Diplazium cordifolium Blume — N.E. India EN; Globally threatened. (Manipur; very rare); ?Myanmar; Thailand; 215. Athyrium nakanoi Makino — Bhutan, very Vietnam; Malaysia; Indonesia; Philippines; rare; N.E. India (Arunachal Pradesh; very Australia; Polynesia. The Indian plant belongs rare); China; Taiwan; Japan. Misreported from to what was described as D. integrifolium Assam State and Meghalaya in error for A. Blume, with well pinnate fronds and might puncticaule. NT. perhaps represent a separate species from D. 172 Christopher R. Fraser-Jenkins

cordifolium proper. CR. rare); Tibet; China; Taiwan; Japan; Philip- 226. Diplazium crenatoserratum (Blume) T. pines; New Guinea. EN. Moore — Indian Islands (Andaman Islands; 237. Matteuccia orientalis (Hook.) Trevis. — very rare); Myanmar; Thailand; Malaysia; N.E. India (Arunachal Pradesh; Meghalaya; Indonesia. CR. very rare); China; Taiwan; Korea; Japan. 227. Diplazium griffithii T. Moore (probable Widely over-reported from throughout Hima- syn.: D. petrii (Tardieu) Ching) — N.E. India layan N. India in error for the commoner M. (Meghalaya; very rare); Thailand; Vietnam; intermedia. VU. China; Taiwan; Japan. Often confused with the 238. Woodsia alpina (Bolton) Gray — Europe; very distinct D. spectabile due to 19th Century Pakistan, rare; N.W. India (Jammu & Kashmir; misapplications of the name. CR. Himachal Pradesh; Uttarakhand; very rare); W. 228. Diplazium heterophlebium (Mett. ex Nepal; Tibet; N. Asia; N. America. NT. Baker) Diels — E. Nepal, rare; N.C. India 239. Woodsia cycloloba Hand.-Mazz. — ?Paki- (Darjeeling; Sikkim; very rare); Bhutan; N.E. stan (Swat, Utrot, very rare, CRFJ, identity India (Arunachal Pradesh; Manipur; Megha- uncertain, specimen taken away from herb. laya; very rare); Myanmar; Thailand; Vietnam; CRFJ to GENT); N.W. India (Uttarakhand, Malaysia; China. NT. very rare); N.C. India (Sikkim, very rare); 229. Diplazium leptophyllum Christ ex C. Chr. — Nepal, rare; China. EN. N.E. India (Mizoram; very rare); China; Myan- 240. Woodsia glabella R. Br. ex Richardson — mar; Thailand. It is possible that D. cognatum N.W. India (Ladakh; Uttarakhand; very rare); might be a synonym of this species. CR. N.C. Nepal, very rare. EN. 230. Diplazium lobatum (Tagawa) Tagawa — 241. Woodsia hancockii Baker — N.W. India N.E. India (Assam State, Abhoypur Forest, (Himachal Pradesh; Uttarakhand; very rare); Sibsagarh Distr., S. Chandra 26342, 1.5.1965, W. Nepal, very rare; China. VU. LWG, det. CRFJ; very rare); S. China; Taiwan; 242. Woodsia lanosa Hook. — N.W. India Japan. Previously unrecognised in India. CR. (Uttarakhand; very rare); N.C. India (Sikkim; 231. Diplazium pinfaense Ching — N.E. India very rare); ?N.E. India (Arunachal Pradesh; (Manipur; very rare); China; Japan. CR. very rare; but not certain that it is not W. ros- 232. Diplazium pinnatifidopinnatum (Hook.) T. thorniana?); China. VU. Moore — N.E. India (Assam State; Arunachal Pradesh; very rare); Myanmar; China. EN. Dryopteridaceae (syn.: Hypodematiaceae, Tec- 233. Diplazium tomentosum Blume — ?N.E. India tariaceae). (Meghalaya, W. Griffith, K, very rare, or possibly 243. Acrorumohra diffracta (Baker) Ching — mislocalised); Myanmar; Thailand; Vietnam; N.E. India (Arunachal Pradesh; very rare); Malaysia; Indonesia; Philippines. ?CR. China; Taiwan; Vietnam. This genus is near to 234. Diplazium travancoricum Bedd. — Sri Arachniodes and Leptorumohra and probably Lanka, very rare; S. India (Kerala; Tamil does not constitute a separate genus. CR. Nadu; rere and restricted). Endemic to Sri 244. Arachniodes miqueliana (Maxim. ex Lanka and S. India. NT; Globally threatened. Franch et Sav.) Ohwi — N.E. India (Arunachal 235. Diplazium virescens Kunze — N.E. India Pradesh; very rare); China; Japan. CR. (Meghalaya, Shillong Peak, C. R. Fraser-Jen- 245. Arachniodes sp. near nipponica (Rosenst.) kins 27804, 27.11.1998, E; very rare); Viet- Ohwi — ?Bhutan; ?N.E. India (Arunachal nam; China; Taiwan; Japan. CR. Pradesh, if not confused with juvenile A. hen- 236. Gymnocarpium oyamense (Baker) Ching — ryi; Meghalaya, Shillong; very rare, erect rhi- Nepal, very rare; N.C. India (Sikkim; very zome); China; Japan. EN. rare); N.E. India (Arunachal Pradesh; very 246. Arachniodes ?spectabilis (Ching) Ching — Rare and Threatened Pteridophytes of Asia 2. Endangered Species of India 173

N.E. India (Arunachal Pradesh; very rare); Tagawa — N.E. India (Arunachal Pradesh; China; Thailand. EN. very rare); China; Japan. CR. 247. Arachniodes superba Fraser-Jenk. (syn.: 255. Cyrtomium fortunei J. Sm. — E. Bhutan, Lithostegia foeniculacea (Hook.) Ching) — E. very rare; N.E. India (Nagaland; Manipur; Nepal, very rare; N.C. India (Darjeeling; Sik- very rare); China; Korea; Japan; Vietnam. kim; restricted and rare); Bhutan; N.E. India Reported from Arunachal Pradesh by Fraser- (Arunachal Pradesh; very rare); Tibet; China; Jenkins in Chandra et al. (2008) in error for N. Myanmar. NT. the closely related C. clivicola. EN. 248. Ctenitis fengiana Ching — N.E. India 256. Cyrtomium micropterum (Kunze) Ching (Arunachal Pradesh, Siang, Swan to Monigong (?syn.: C. lonchitoides Christ) — Africa; Mad- track, A. K. Baishya 91408B, 11.1986, ASSAM, agascar; S. India (Tamil Nadu; very rare); det. CRFJ; very rare); Tibet; China. Not previ- ?China. EN. ously recorded in India. CR. 257. Didymochlaena truncatula (Sw.) J. Sm. — 249. Ctenitis ferruginea (Baker) Ching — S. Africa; Madagascar; N.E. India (Nagaland; India (Tamil Nadu; very rare). Endemic to S. Manipur; ?Meghalaya; Mizoram; very rare); India, though related to the distinct species, C. Myanmar; Thailand; Malaysia; Indonesia; Phil- obtusiloba of Sri Lanka. CR; Globally threat- ippines; Polynesia; C. and S. America. EN. ened. 258. Dryopteris alpestris Tagawa — Nepal, 250. Ctenitis manipurensis (Bedd.) Ching — very rare; N.C. India (N. Sikkim, Lachen, B. S. N.E. India (Arunachal Pradesh; Manipur; Kholia, det. CRFJ; very rare); N.E. India Meghalaya, very rare); Philippines; New (Arunachal Pradesh; very rare); Tibet; China; Guinea. Misreported from Nepal by Wallich Taiwan; Myanmar. EN. due to confusion in localisation of sheets; [Dryopteris angustifrons (T. Moore) Kuntze — reported from N.W. India (Uttarakhand, Gini) ?”Nepal”, but the specimens not with original by Kholia and Bhakuni (2009) from an old collector’s labels and probably collected in specimen of uncertain provenance, but perhaps Myanmar; Myanmar, very rare; China (Yun- from N.E. India. EN. nan; very rare). Reported from Sikkim in error 251. Ctenitis mannii (C. Hope) Ching — N.E. for D. carolihopei Fraser-Jenk., so probably India (Assam State; ?Meghalaya; very rare); never present in India or Nepal. D. camusiae ?China (sub Ctenitis fulgens?). Not present in Fraser-Jenk. was mistakenly illustrated as D. Arunachal Pradesh as listed by Fraser-Jenkins angustifrons in the Flora Reipublicae Popu- in Chandra et al. (2008) in error for Lakhim- laris Sinicae]. pur, Assam. Reported from Thailand and 259. Dryopteris assamensis (C. Hope) C. Chr. Malaysia in error for other species. As known et Ching — N.C. India (W. Bengal, Dulkajhar, so far perhaps endemic to N.E. India (if C. ful- near Siliguri; extinct); N.E. India (Arunachal gens is not synonymous as was found by Holt- Pradesh; Assam State; Meghalaya; very rare); tum), but likely to occur in Myanmar and/or ?Myanmar; China. VU. China. EN 260. Dryopteris austroindica Fraser-Jenk. — S. 252. Ctenitis paucisora (Copel.) Copel. — N.E. India (Tamil Nadu; very rare and extinct in the India (Arunachal Pradesh; very rare); Malaysia Shevaroy Hills part of its range). Endemic to (Borneo; very rare). CR. S. India. EN; Globally threatened. 253. Ctenitis scabrosa (Kunze) Ching — S. 261. Dryopteris basisora Christ — N.W. India India (Kerala; Tamil Nadu; very rare). (Uttarakhand; very rare); Nepal, very rare; Endemic to S. India. Reported from Megha- Bhutan, rare; N.E. India (Arunachal Pradesh; laya in error. VU; Globally threatened. very rare). VU. 254. Cyrtomium probably clivicola (Makino) 262. Dryopteris camusiae Fraser-Jenk. — N.E. 174 Christopher R. Fraser-Jenkins

India (Manipur; very rare); ?Myanmar; China. threatened. CR. 272. Dryopteris microlepis (Baker) C. Chr. — 263. Dryopteris costalisora Tagawa — E. Nepal, N.E. India (Arunachal Pradesh, Siang, very rare; N.C. India (Darjeeling; Sikkim; very Mechuka area, A. K. Baishya 91420, 11.1986, rare); N.E. India (Arunachal Pradesh; very ASSAM, det. CRFJ; very rare); China. Previ- rare); China; Taiwan. EN. ously unknown from India. CR. 264. Dryopteris deparioides (T.Moore) Kuntze 273. Dryopteris namegatae (Sa. Kurata) Sa. subsp. concinna C.Chr. — Sri Lanka; S. India Kurata — N.W. India (Himachal Pradesh; very (Tamil Nadu; very rare, perhaps extinct). rare); N.E. India (Arunachal Pradesh; very Endemic to Sri Lanka and S. India. CR or rare); China; Taiwan; Japan. VU. EX; Globally threatened. 274. Dryopteris nobilis Ching — N.C. India 265. Dryopteris dickinsii (Franch. et Sav.) C. (Darjeeling; Sikkim; very rare); N.E. India Chr. — Pakistan, very rare; N.W. India (Jammu (Arunachal Pradesh; very rare); Tibet; China. & Kashmir; very rare); China; Taiwan; Japan. VU. The extraordinary disjunction of this species — 275. Dryopteris odontoloma (Bedd.) C. Chr. — from W. China to Kashmir — is similar to that S. India (Kerala; Tamil Nadu; very restricted). of Dennstaedtia wilfordii and like that species, Endemic to S. India. Many records have been it has not been recollected in India for many made from N. India in error for D. nigropalea- years. CR or EX. cea and D. juxtaposita; one specimen of true 266. Dryopteris fangii Ching — N.C. India (Sik- D. odontoloma from Assam State (N.C. Hills, kim; very rare, B. S. Kholia, BSHC, det. Haflong, Subhash Chandra s.n., Oct. 1963, CRFJ); N.E. India (Arunachal Pradesh; very LWG, det. CRFJ) is probably due to some rare); Tibet; China. EN. confusion of labels. NT; Globally threatened. 267. Dryopteris flemingii Fraser-Jenk. — N.W. 276. Dryopteris rubrobrunnea W. M. Chu — India (Himachal Pradesh; Uttarakhand; very N.E. India (Arunachal Pradesh; very rare); rare); C. Nepal, rare; ?China (?as D. minjian- China. EN. gensis H.S. Kung and D. nyingchiensis Ching, 277. Dryopteris sikkimensis (Bedd.) Kuntze — unidentified earlier names). VU. N.C. India (Sikkim; very restricted and rare); 268. Dryopteris hasseltii (Blume) C. Chr. — Bhutan; N.E. India (Arunachal Pradesh; very N.E. India (Arunachal Pradesh; Assam State, rare); Tibet; China. VU. very rare or extinct; Meghalaya; Mizoram; 278. Dryopteris sledgei Fraser-Jenk. — Sri Lanka, very rare); Thailand; Vietnam; China; Taiwan; very rare; S. India (Tamil Nadu; very rare). Japan; Malaysia; Indonesia; Philippines; New Endemic to Sri Lanka and S. India. EN; Guinea; Australia; Polynesia. Listed under Globally threatened. Arachniodes hasseltii, in error (see Fraser-Jen- 279. Dryopteris varia (L.) Kuntze — N.E. India kins, 1989), from China by IUCN (2004) as (Meghalaya/Assam border; very rare); ?Myan- Endangered. EN. mar; China; Taiwan; Korea; Japan; Vietnam; 269. Dryopteris himachalensis Fraser-Jenk. — Philippines. CR. N.W. India (Himachal Pradesh, above Manali; 280. Dryopteris vidyae Fraser-Jenk. — N.C. very rare); China. CR. India (Darjeeling; very rare or extinct); N.E. 270. Dryopteris khullarii Fraser-Jenk. — N.W. India (Arunachal Pradesh; Meghalaya; very India (Uttarakhand; very rare). Neo-endemic rare). As known so far endemic to N.E. India, to the W. Himalaya. EN; Globally threatened. but is also very likely to occur in Tibet, S.W. 271. Dryopteris meghalaica Fraser-Jenk. — China and/or Myanmar. EN; Globally threat- N.E. India (Manipur, very rare; Meghalaya, ened. very restricted); Myanmar. NT; Globally 281. Heterogonium pinnatum (Copel.) Holttum — Rare and Threatened Pteridophytes of Asia 2. Endangered Species of India 175

Indian Islands (Andaman Islands; very rare); that the authorities were written the wrong Malaysia; Indonesia; Philippines. EN. way round by Johns (1997), but correctly by 282. Hypodematium crenatum (Forssk.) Kuhn IPNI. CR; Globally threatened. subsp. mehrae Fraser-Jenk. — N.W. India 288. Polystichum anomalum (Hook. et Arn.) J. (Uttarakhand; very rare as known so far). As Sm. (syn.: P. eximium (Mett. ex Kuhn) C.Chr.) — known so far endemic to N.W. India, but Sri Lanka, rare; sori above or beneath or both; probably likely to occur further east. NT; S. India (Kerala; Tamil Nadu; very rare; sori Globally threatened. beneath). Endemic to Sri Lanka and S. India. 283. Lastreopsis tenera (R. Br.) Tindale — Sri Listed by IUCN (1998) from Sri Lanka only as Lanka, common; S. India (Kerala; Tamil Indeterminate. “P. eximium” continues to be Nadu; very rare); Indonesia; Philippines; New widely reported from Thailand, China, Taiwan Caledonia; Australasia; Polynesia; China; Tai- and Japan in error for P. scariosum, as pointed wan. VU. out by Fraser-Jenkins (1991), which latter 284. Phanerophlebiopsis balansae (Christ) name has been overlooked elsewhere. Listed Fraser-Jenk. et Baishya, comb. nov. (basi- from Sri Lanka only by IUCN (1998) as Inde- onym: Polystichum balansae Christ, Trudy terminate. EN; Globally threatened. Hort. Bot. Imp. St. Petersburg [Act. Hort. Bot. 289. Polystichum duthiei (C. Hope) C. Chr. — Petrop.] 28: 193 (1908)) — N.E. India (Arunachal N.W. India (Uttarakhand; very rare); W. and C. Pradesh, Siang, Yapik, A. K. Baishya 90709, Nepal, very rare); China; Taiwan. This species 1.11.1986, ASSAM; very rare, specimen can be indusiate or exindusiate (see Fraser- unusual in having fronds with subapical prolif- Jenkins, 1991). CR. erous bulbils, otherwise identical to Chinese 290. Polystichum glaciale Christ — N.C. India etc. material); China; Japan. Not previously (Sikkim; very rare); Bhutan, very rare; Tibet, recorded from India. CR. China. Reported from Taiwan in error for 285. Phanerophlebiopsis polyodon (Ching) P. duthiei. CR. Fraser-Jenk. — N.E. India (Arunachal Pradesh; 291. Polystichum grandifrons C. Chr. (syn.: P. Manipur; Meghalaya, very locally restricted kiusiuense Tagawa) — N.E. India (Manipur; and rare). As known so far endemic to N.E. very rare); China; Taiwan; Japan; Vietnam; India, though to be expected in Myanmar and/ Philippines. CR. or S.W. China. NT; Globally threatened. 292. Polystichum hecatopterum Diels — N.E. 286. Pleocnemia conjugata C. Presl — Indian India (Arunachal Pradesh; very rare); China; Islands (Andaman Islands; very rare; omitted Taiwan. CR. by Dixit and Sinha (2001)); Myanmar; Malay- 293. Polystichum manickamianum Benniamin, sia; Indonesia; Philippines. Although within Fraser-Jenk. et Irud. — S. India (Tamil Nadu, the range of the species, as noted by Holttum, Agastyamalai Hills; very rare). Endemic to S. the Andamans material has the sori confined to India. CR; Globally threatened. further up the pinnule-lobes than commonly 294. Polystichum palniense Fraser-Jenk. — S. occurs in this species, though this feature is India (Tamil Nadu, Palni Hills; very locally not unique to the Andamans and intermediates restricted). Endemic to S. India. NT; Globally occur elsewhere. EN. threatened. 287. Polystichum adungense Ching et Fraser- 295. Polystichum subinerme (Kunze) Fraser- Jenk. ex H. S. Kung et Li Bing Zhang — N.E. Jenk. — S. India (Kerala; Tamil Nadu; very India (Arunachal Pradesh, Siang, Libong to rare). Endemic to S. India. EN; Globally Pangri, A. K. Baishya 33, 17.11.1986, threatened. ASSAM, det. CRFJ; very rare); Myanmar; 296. Polystichum tangmaiense H. S. Kung et China. Previously overlooked in India. Note Tateishi — N.E. India (Arunachal Pradesh; 176 Christopher R. Fraser-Jenkins

Nagaland; Manipur; very rare (see Fraser-Jen- tinct fom T. coadunata. At present in India it is kins and Benniamin (2010)); Tibet; China. VU. only known for certain from its type collec- 297. Polystichum wattii (Bedd.) C. Chr. — tion. CR. N.E. India (Arunachal Pradesh; Manipur; very 303. Tectaria fauriei Tagawa — Bhutan; N.E. rare); Tibet; China; Myanmar. Listed by IUCN India (Assam; Arunachal Pradesh; very rare); (1998) under both Lastreopsis and Polysti- Myanmar; Thailand; Malaysia; China; Taiwan; chum from Manipur only, as Extinct and Japan. VU. Extinct or Endangered, respectively. VU. [Tectaria fissa (Kunze) Holttum — ?Indian Islands 298. Pteridrys cnemidaria (Christ) C. Chr. et (Andaman Islands (Dixit and Sinha (2001), Ching — N.C. India (Darjeeling; very rare, not sub T. polymorpha var. cuneifolia), rare, but collected for many years); N.E. India (Assam requiring confirmation in case of confusion State; Meghalaya; very rare, not recently col- with a similarly narrow-pinna’d specimen of T. lected); China; Taiwan; Myanmar; Thailand; polymorpha); Malaysia; Indonesia.] Vietnam. CR. 304. Tectaria ingens (Atk. ex C.B. Clarke) 299. Pteridrys syrmatica (Willd.) C. Chr. et Holttum — N.C. India (Darjeeling; Sikkim; Ching — Sri Lanka, very rare or extinct; S. very rare); N.E. India (Arunachal Pradesh; India (Tamil Nadu; Kerala; very rare, not col- Manipur; Meghalaya; very rare); Tibet. NT. lected for many years); Thailand; Vietnam; 305. Tectaria kehdingiana (Kuhn) M.G. Malaysia; Indonesia; Philippines. Listed by Price — Indian Islands (Nicobar Islands; very IUCN (1998) from Sri Lanka only as Indeter- rare); Sumatra. EN. minate. CR. 306. Tectaria melanocaulon (Blume) Copel. — 300. Pteridrys zeylanica Ching — Sri Lanka, Indian Islands (Andaman Islands; very rare); very rare or extinct; S. India (Kerala; Andhra Thailand; Malaysia; Indonesia; Philippines; Pradesh; very rare). ?Endemic to Sri Lanka New Guinea. VU. and S. India. Listed by IUCN (1998) from Sri 307. Tectaria sp. near T. siifolia — Bhutan, Lanka only, as Indeterminate. EN; Globally rare; N.E. India (Arunachal Pradesh; very threatened. rare). As known so far endemic to N.E. India, 301. Tectaria chattagramica (C. B. Clarke) but very likely to occur also in China or Ching — N.E. India (Assam State; Megha- Myanmar. Fronds ternate or with two pairs of laya; Manipur; Tripura; Mizoram; very rare); pinnae, the lowest usually without a basal lobe Bangladesh; Myanmar; Thailand. Listed by or sometimes with small, shallow lobe in large IUCN (1998) from Bangladesh only as Vuner- specimens; differs from T. siifolia in the fronds able. VU. not being at all dimorphic; narrow scales at 302. Tectaria dubia (C.B. Clarke et Baker) stipe-base concolorous dark-brown or black- Ching — N.E. India (Assam State; ?Arunachal ish, without scarious margins; pinnae never Pradesh (Singh and Panigrahi, 2005, but may with a proliferous bulbil; costae and veins be in error for T. griffithii; very rare); China; beneath with more prominent and denser hairs. Taiwan. This species is very little known in VU; Globally threatened. India and may sometimes have been over- 308. Tectaria siifolia (Willd.) Copel. (syn.: T. looked within T. griffithii. The tentative report ternifolia (Alderw.) C. Chr.) — Indian Islands from Nepal by Fraser-Jenkins (2008b) and (Andaman Islands; very rare (Dixit and Sinha Fraser-Jenkins and Benniamin (2010) could be (2001)); Thailand; Malaysia; Indonesia; Phil- in error for a more glabrous form of T. coadu- ippines. Fraser-Jenkins and Benniamin (2010) nata, as was the report from Pithoragarh, Utta- reported it from N.E. India sub T. ternifolia in rakhand by Pangtey and Punetha (1987), but error for T. sp. above ; and Banerjee and Muk- the Nepalese plant appears to be a taxon dis- hopadyay (2010) reported it from India pre- Rare and Threatened Pteridophytes of Asia 2. Endangered Species of India 177

sumably in error. EN. min 26187, 19.10.2010, det. CRFJ; very rare); 309. Tectaria simonsii (Baker) Ching — N.C. China; Taiwan; Japan; Vietnam. Not previ- India (W. Bengal; Sikkim; very rare); N.E. ously recorded in India. CR. India (Arunachal Pradesh; Assam State; very 319. Bolbitis tibetica Ching et S.K. Wu — rare); Bangladesh; Myanmar; Thailand; Nepal, very rare; N.E. India (Arunachal Malaysia; China; Taiwan. NT. Pradesh; very rare); Tibet. EN; Globally 310. Tectaria trimenii (Bedd.) C. Chr. — Sri threatened. Lanka; S. India (Tamil Nadu; very rare). 320. Elaphoglossum beddomei Sledge — S. Endemic to Sri Lanka and S. India. CR; India (Kerala; Tamil Nadu; rare and very Globally threatened. restricted). Endemic to S. India. Listed from 311. Tectaria zeilanica (Houtt.) Sledge — Sri S. India by IUCN (1998) as Rare. NT; Glob- Lanka, S. India (Kerala; Tamil Nadu; very ally threatened. rare); Thailand; Vietnam; Malaysia; China; 321. Elaphoglossum nilgiricum Krajina ex Taiwan. EN. Sledge — S. India (Kerala; Tamil Nadu; very rare). Endemic to S. India. EN; Globally Oleandraceae threatened. 312. Arthropteris palisotii (Desv.) Alston — 322. Elaphoglossum stigmatolepis (Fée) T. Sri Lanka, very rare; S. India (Tamil Nadu; Moore — S. India (Tamil Nadu; very rare). very rare or extinct); Africa; China; Taiwan; Endemic to S. India. Listed from S. India by Thailand; S.E. Asia; Australasia; Polynesia. IUCN (1998) as Endangered. EN; Globally CR or EX. threatened. 313. Oleandra undulata (Willd.) Ching — N.E. 323. Lomagramma sorbifolia (Willd.) Ching India (Nagaland; Manipur; Mizoram; very (syn.: Bolbitis nagalandensis R. R. Rao et rare); China; Myanmar; Thailand; Malaysia. Jamir, type in LWG!; Lomagramma matthewii The S. Indian species, O. musifolia (Blume) (Ching) Holttum) — N.E. India (Arunachal C. Presl, was misreported from Arunachal Pradesh; Nagaland; very rare); China; Myan- Pradesh by Rawat and Sahu (2006) in error for mar; ?Thailand (sub L. grossoserrata); Malay- O. wallichii. VU. sia; Indonesia. NT. 324. ?Lomagramma sumatrana Alderw. — Lomariopsidaceae Indian Islands (Nicobar Islands; very rare 314. Bolbitis medogensis (Ching et S.K. Wu) (Dixit and Sinha 2001), perhaps requiring con- S.Y. Dong — N.E. India (Arunachal Pradesh; firmation of identity); Malaya; Sumatra. ?EN. very rare); Tibet. CR; Globally threatened. 315. Bolbitis presliana (Fée) Ching — S. India Davalliaceae (Karnataka; Kerala; very rare). Endemic to S. 325. Araiostegia hymenophylloides (Blume) India. NT; Globally threatened. Copel. — Sri Lanka; S. India (Kerala; Tamil 316. Bolbitis semicordata (Baker) Ching — S. Nadu; Karnataka; very rare); Thailand; Malay- India (Kerala; Tamil Nadu; very rare). sia; Indonesia; Philippines; ?Polynesia. EN. Endemic to S. India. VU; Globally threat- 326. Araiostegiella perdurans (Christ) M. Kato ened. et C. Tsutsumi — ?N.C. India (?Sikkim; very 317. Bolbitis sinuata (C. Presl) Hennipman — rare); Bhutan, rare; N.E. India (Arunachal Indian Islands (Nicobar Islands; very rare); Pradesh; Nagaland; Meghalaya; ?Mizoram; all Thailand; Malaysia; Indonesia; Phillippines; very rare); Myanmar; Thailand; Tibet; China; New Guinea. EN. Taiwan. Erroneously combined with A. hook- 318. Bolbitis subcordata (Copel.) Ching — eri (sub A. clarkei) by Nooteboom (1994). NT. N.E. India (Meghalaya, Umkiong, A. Bennia- 327. Davallia denticulata (Burm.f.) Mett. ex 178 Christopher R. Fraser-Jenkins

Kuhn — Africa; Madagascar; Mascarenes; Sey- Chambers et P.A. Farrant (misapplied names: chelles; Sri Lanka; Indian Islands (Andaman B. colensoi and B. patersonii sensu auct. Islands; Nicobar Islands; very rare); South India Ind.) — Sri Lanka, very rare; S. India (Tamil (Kerala; very rare); Myanmar; Thailand; Viet- Nadu; very rare); Malaysia; Indonesia; ?Phil- nam; Laos; Cambodia; China; Malaysia; Indo- ippines; Polynesia. EN. nesia; Philippines; Australia; Polynesia. VU. 335. Blechnum melanopus Hook. — Bhutan, very 328. Davallia divaricata Blume (syn.: D. ori- rare; N.E. India (Arunachal Pradesh; Megha- entalis C. Chr.) — N.E. India (Assam State; laya; very rare); China; Taiwan. EN. Arunachal Pradesh; Manipur; Meghalaya; very 336. Blechnum indicum Burm.f. (misapplied rare); Myanmar; Thailand; Vietnam; China; name: B. cartilagineum sensu Clarke (1880)) — Malaysia; Indonesia; Philippines; Solomon N.E. India (Arunachal Pradesh, Mishmi Hills, Islands. EN. W. Griffith, K; very rare; identified by Tagawa 329. Davallia heterophylla Sm. — Indian Islands and Iwatsuki (1988) as being B. indicum (see (Nicobar Islands; very rare); Thailand; Viet- Fraser-Jenkins, 2008b: 636)); Thailand; Viet- nam; Malaysia; Indonesia; Philippines; Poly- nam; Malaysia; Indonesia; Philippines; Austra- nesia. EN. lia; Polynesia. CR. 330. Davallia pectinata Sm. — Indian Islands 337. Brainea insignis (Hook.) J. Sm./Blechnum (Nicobar Islands; very rare); Taiwan; Myan- insigne (Hook.) C.M. Kuo — N.E. India (Naga- mar; Malaysia; Indonesia; New Guinea; New land; Manipur; very rare; Meghalaya, very Caledonia; Australia; Polynesia. EN. local and being depleted by fire; Mizoram, 331. Davallia repens (L.f.) Kuhn, nom. cons., very rare); Myanmar; Thailand; Vietnam; non (Bory) Desv. (syn.: Humata repens (L.f.) Malaysia; Sumatra; China; Taiwan. NT. Diels; Davallia pedata Sm.) — Madagascar; Mascarenes; Seychelles; Sri Lanka; Indian Note: Azolla cristata Kaulf. is an American close Islands (Andaman Islands, very rare); S. India segregate of A. filiculoides and is known from (Tamil Nadu; very rare); N.C. India (Sikkim; Jammu and Kashmir, where it has invaded the very rare); Bhutan, very rare; N.E. India Kashmir Valley at some stage post 1990 and (Arunachal Pradesh; Assam State; Nagaland; has recently been confirmed by Prof. C. Van Manipur; Meghalaya; Mizoram; very rare); Hove, of Louvain. Records of A. filiculoides Myanmar; Thailand; Vietnam; China; Taiwan; from the Indian subcontinent have not distin- Malaysia; Indonesia; Philippines; Australia; guished between them, and the distinction Polynesia. VU depends only on minutely different microchar- 332. Davallia solida (G. Forst.) Sw. — Indian acters (some of which also display variability Islands (Andaman Islands; Nicobar Islands; and intermediacy). Thus the present author’s very rare); N.E. India (Manipur; Mizoram; previous reports of A. filiculoides, though very rare); Myanmar; Thailand; Vietnam; identified in what is now understood to be a China; Taiwan; Malaysia; Indonesia; Australia, broad sense by the late Prof. C. Evrard, of New Zealand; Polynesia. EN. Louvain, now require further study. But the two taxa are obviously very closely related Blechnaceae and may only represent geographical races, 333. Blechnum finlaysonianum Hook. et Grev. — even though according to Prof. C. van Hove Indian Islands (Andaman Islands; Nicobar (personal communication, May 2012) they Islands; very rare); Thailand; Malaysia; Indo- maintain themselves as distinct without any nesia; Philippines; New Guinea. VU. known hybridisation. A. cristata is therefore 334. Blechnum melanocaulon (Brack.) T.C. treated as a subspecies, Azolla filiculoides Chambers et P.A. Farrant subsp. pallens T.C. Lam. subsp. cristata (Kaulf.) Fraser-Jenk., Rare and Threatened Pteridophytes of Asia 2. Endangered Species of India 179

comb. nov., basionym: Azolla cristata Kaulf., Biswas, A. and Ghosh, S. R. 1983. Onychium plumosum Enum. Filic.: 274. 1824. As this subspecies is Ching, O. tenuifrons Ching — two new records of fern only adventive in India it is not listed here as a for India. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Soci- ety 80: 265–267. threatened species. Chandra, S. 2000. The Ferns of India (Enumeration, Syn- onyms & Distribution). International Book Distribu- Acknowledgments tors, Dehra Dun. Chandra, S., Fraser-Jenkins, C. R., Kumari, A. and Srivas- I am grateful to Dr. Barbara Parris, Bay of tava, A. 2008. A summary of the status of threatened pteridophytes of India. Taiwania 53: 170–209. Islands, New Zealand, formerly of the Royal Christenhusz, M. J. M., Zhang, X.-C. and Schneider, H. Botanic Gardens, Kew, for her kind help and cor- 2011. A linear sequence of extant families and genera rections to the distribution of species of Grammi- of lycophytes and ferns. Phytotaxa 19: 7–54. tidaceae. I am also very grateful to Dr. P. Singh, Clarke, C. B. 1880. A review of the ferns of northern Director, Botanical Survey of India, and to Dr. P. India; with an index of the species, and 36 plates etc. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London. Second Venu, Additional Director, for their kind permis- Series, Botany 1: 425–619 et tt. sion and help while I was working through CAL Dixit, R. D. 1984. A census of the Indian Pteridophytes. hebarium and to the Joint-Directors of other Flora of India Series 4. Botanical Survey of India, B.S.I. herbaria I visited. My thanks, too, to Dr. A. Howrah (Calcutta). Ebihara, Tsukuba, for thorough checking of the Dixit, R. D. 1987. Lycopodiaceae of India. Bishen Singh typescript. This study was partly supported by Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehra Dun. Dixit, R. D. 1992a. Selaginellaceae of India. Bishen the Environment Research and Technology Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehra Dun. Development Fund (S-9) of the Ministry of the Dixit, R. D. 1992b. Adiantum of the Andaman Islands. Environment, Japan. Journal of the Andaman Science Association 8: 168. Dixit, R. D. and Ghosh, B. 1982. Additional collections of References Lindsaea tenera Dryand., endemic to India. Bulletin of the Botanical Survey of India 24: 240. Alston, A. H. G. 1945. An enumeration of the Indian spe- Dixit, R. D., Ghosh, B. and Ghosh, R. K. 1997. Nesop- cies of Selaginella. Proceedings of the National Insti- teris (Copel.) Copel. — a new generic record from the tute of Sciences of India 11: 211–235. Nicobar Islands, India. Bulletin of the Botanical Survey Banerjee (Mukherjee), R. and Mukhopadhyay, R. 2010. of India 38: 137–140. Morpho-anatomical studies on five Indian species of Dixit, R. D. and Nair, N. C. 1975. Drymotaenium tectarioid ferns. In: Singh, R. D., Lal, B., Uniyal, S. K., Maki no — a new fern genus record for the Indian region. Singh, M., Kumari, A., Kumar, S. and Singh, R. (eds.), Journal of the Indian Botanical Society 54: 254–258. Abstracts International Symposium on Ferns and Fern Dixit, R. D. and Nair, N. C. 1977. Holcosorus Moore — a Allies: Diversity, Bioprospection and Conservation, new fern genus record for the Indian region. Proceed- 10–12 November 2010, pp. 26. Institute of Himalayan ings of the Indian Acadmey of Sciences 86: 385–387. Bioresource Technology, Palampur & The Indian Fern Dixit, R. D. and Sinha, B. K. 2001. Pteridophytes of Society, Chandigarh. Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Bishen Singh Mahendra Beddome, R. H. 1867. The Ferns of British India being Pal Singh, Dehra Dun. Figures and Descriptions of Ferns from All Parts of Ebihara, A., Fraser-Jenkins, C. R., Parris, B. S., Zhang, British India. t. 1–345. Gantz Bros., Madras. X.-C., Yang, Y.-H., Chiou, W.-L., Chang, H.-M., Lind- Beddome, R. H. 1883. Handbook to the Ferns of British say, S., Middleton, D., Kato, M., Praptosuwiryo, T. N., India, Ceylon and the Malay Peninsula. Thacker Spink Amoroso, V., Barcelona, J. F., Rajapaksha, R. H. G., & Co., Calcutta. Park, C.-H., Murakami, N. and Hoya, A. 2012. Rare Benniamin, A. 2011. Pteris tripartita Sw. A new record and threatened pteridophytes of Asia 1. An enumeration for Eastern Ghats. International Journal of Biological of narrowly distributed taxa. Bulletin of the National Technology 2: 14–15. Museum of Nature and Science, Series B 38: 93–119. Bir, S. S., Trikha, C. K. and Vasudeva, S. M. 1974. Taxo- Fraser-Jenkins, C. R. 1989. A monograph of the genus nomic revision of the Polypodiaceous genera of India — Dryopteris (Pteridophyta: Dryopteridaceae) in the 5. Polypodium Linn. and Goniophlebium (Blume) Indian subcontinent. Bulletin of the British Museum Presl. New Botanist 1: 142–159 et tt. (Natural History), Botany Series 18: 323–477. 180 Christopher R. Fraser-Jenkins

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