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EIA for the Proposed Gamma-Kappa 765Kv Power Lines - Surface Water Study – EIA Phase

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EIA for the Proposed Gamma-Kappa 765Kv Power Lines - Surface Water Study – EIA Phase REPORT EIA for the proposed Gamma-Kappa 765kV Power Lines - Surface Water Study – EIA Phase Client: Eskom Transmission Reference: MD3414 Revision: 02/Final Date: 30 August 2017 Project related ROYAL HASKONINGDHV (PTY) LTD 21 Woodlands Drive Building 5 Country Club Estate Woodmead Johannesburg 2191 Transport & Planning Reg No. 1966/001916/07 +27 11 798 6000 T +27 11 798 6005 F [email protected] E royalhaskoningdhv.com W Document title: EIA for the proposed Gamma-Kappa 765kV Power Lines - Surface Water Study – EIA Phase Document short title: Gamma-Kappa EIA Surface Water Reference: MD3414 Revision: 02/Final Date: 30 August 2017 Project name: Gamma-Kappa-Omega Wetlands Project number: MD3414 Author(s): Paul da Cruz Drafted by: Paul da Cruz Checked by: Date / initials: Approved by: Date / initials: Classification Project related Disclaimer No part of these specifications/printed matter may be reproduced and/or published by print, photocopy, microfilm or by any other means, without the prior written permission of Royal HaskoningDHV (Pty) Ltd; nor may they be used, without such permission, for any purposes other than that for which they were produced. Royal HaskoningDHV (Pty) Ltd accepts no responsibility or liability for these specifications/printed matter to any party other than the persons by whom it was commissioned and as concluded under that Appointment. The integrated QHSE management system of Royal HaskoningDHV (Pty) Ltd has been certified in accordance with ISO 9001:2015, ISO 14001:2015 and OHSAS 18001:2007. 30 August 2017 GAMMA-KAPPA EIA SURFACE WATER MD3414 i Project related Table of Contents 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Aims of the Study 1 1.2 Site Location and Description 2 1.3 Assumptions and Limitations 3 1.4 Definition of Surface Water Features, Wetlands and Hydric Soils 3 1.4.1 Surface Water Features 4 1.4.2 Wetlands 4 1.4.3 Riparian Zones 5 2 Legislative Context 8 2.1 The National Water Act 8 2.1 The National Water Act and Riparian Areas 9 3 METHODOLOGY FOR ASSESSMENT 10 3.1 Field Assessment and Riparian Zone Delineation 10 3.2 Prioritisation of Riparian Areas 10 3.3 Identification of Surface Water and Riparian Zone Impacts and Mitigation Measures 10 4 FINDINGS OF ASSESSMENT 11 4.1 Macro-Drainage Context 11 4.2 Surface Water Typology and Occurrence 13 4.2.1 Riparian Zones 15 4.2.2 Wetland Occurrence 16 4.2.3 Riparian Zone Delineation 17 4.3 Freshwater Hydrology 22 4.4 Groundwater-surface water interactions and implication for delineation of riparian zones 26 4.5 Fluvial Morphology 28 4.5.1 Vegetative Composition and Lateral Zonation 32 5 Freshwater Prioritisation 38 6 Impacts and Mitigation associated with the proposed power line 41 6.1 Placing Towers within a Surface Water Feature 41 6.2 Potential Impacts of the construction and operation of the Proposed Power Line on Surface Water Features in the Study Area 41 30 August 2017 GAMMA-KAPPA EIA SURFACE WATER MD3414 ii Project related 6.3 Impacts of power line servitude clearing on Riparian Zones 42 6.3.1 Potential Impacts specific to priority riparian areas in the study area 43 6.4 Mitigation Measures 45 6.4.1 General Mitigation Measures related to surface water features and riparian zones 45 6.4.2 Recommended Walk Down 45 6.4.3 Alien Invasive Plant Management within servitudes during operation 46 6.4.4 Recommended ‘No Go’ areas within corridors in which the proposed power line should not be routed 46 7 Water Use Licensing Implications 51 8 Comparative Assessment of Corridors 52 9 Conclusions and Recommendations 53 10 References 54 Table of Tables Table 1 – Tiered classification for aquatic environments in the study area ....................... 14 Table 2 – Comparative Assessment of Corridors ................................................................. 52 Table of Figures Figure 1 – Locality Map............................................................................................................. 2 Figure 2 - Schematic diagram indicating the three zones within a riparian area relative to geomorphic diversity (Kleynhans et al, 2007) ......................................................................... 7 Figure 3 - Surface Water Drainage in the Eastern part of the Study Area ........................... 12 Figure 4 - Surface Water Drainage in the Western part of the Study Area .......................... 13 Figure 5 - Wetland near Driekoppe Farm ; note the bedrock strata in the foreground that is thought to ‘impound’ the water behind it .............................................................................. 17 Figure 6 – Significant riparian areas in the south-western extent of the Study Area ......... 18 Figure 7 – Significant riparian areas in the Laingsburg area ............................................... 19 Figure 8 – Significant riparian areas in the area south-west of Merweville ....................... 19 Figure 9 – Significant riparian areas in the Merweville area ................................................ 20 Figure 10 – Significant riparian areas in the Leeu-Gamka area ........................................... 20 Figure 11 – Significant riparian areas in the Beaufort West area ....................................... 21 Figure 12 – Significant riparian areas in the Three Sisters area .......................................... 21 Figure 13 – Flow along the Sout River ................................................................................... 23 Figure 14 - Pools along the Waaikraal River at Kranskraal .................................................. 24 Figure 15 - Flood wrack trapped behind a Vachellia karroo shrub ...................................... 25 30 August 2017 GAMMA-KAPPA EIA SURFACE WATER MD3414 iii Project related Figure 16 - Extensive salt precipitate along the Brak River ................................................. 26 Figure 17 - Hypothetical cross-section of landscape showing the fractured sandstone aquifer of the Table Mountain Group overlying the fractured shales and groundwater discharges controlled by faults and by geological contacts (le Maitre et al, 2009) ............ 27 Figure 18 - Wide sandy channel bed of the Waaikraal River ................................................ 28 Figure 19 - Alluvial flats along the Leeu River with Vachellia karroo woodland adjacent to the channel in the background .............................................................................................. 29 Figure 20 - Channel on the outer edge of the Leeu River riparian corridor near Volmoed. Although located far away from the primary channel, this is arguably part of the lower zone ......................................................................................................................................... 31 Figure 21 - The alluvial flats and Vachellia karroo thickets along the Groot River that form part of the Tanqua Riviere vegetation type ........................................................................... 33 Figure 22 - Aerial view of the Leeu River riparian zone showing Salsola-dominated alluvial flats with Vachellia karroo woodland closer to the channel ................................................ 34 Figure 23 - Stipagrostis namaquensis along a secondary channel ..................................... 35 Figure 24 - Dense Vachellia karroo thickets and luxuriant understorey within the Platdorings River riparian corridor ........................................................................................ 37 Figure 25 - Atriplex nummularia and Prosopis within the Gamka River riparian corridor near Steynskraal ..................................................................................................................... 38 Figure 26 – Sensitive Surface Water Features – North-eastern part of the Study Area ..... 39 Figure 27– Sensitive Surface Water Features – Central part of the Study Area ................. 40 Figure 28 – Sensitive Surface Water Features – South-western part of the Study Area .... 40 Figure 29 - Existing power line servitude cleared of all herbaceous vegetation with flanking woodland ................................................................................................................... 44 Figure 30 - Power line servitude cleared of most vegetation with extensive bare areas ... 44 Figure 31 – Parts of the corridors to be avoided – south-western most part of the study area .......................................................................................................................................... 47 Figure 32 - – Parts of the corridors to be avoided – Laingsburg area ................................. 47 Figure 33 – Parts of the corridors to be avoided – area south-west of Merweville ............ 48 Figure 34 – Parts of the corridors to be avoided – Merweville area .................................... 48 Figure 35 - – Parts of the corridors to be avoided –Leeugamka area .................................. 49 Figure 36 – Parts of the corridors to be avoided –Beaufort West area ............................... 49 Figure 37 - – Parts of the corridors to be avoided – area east of Beaufort West ................ 50 Figure 38 – Parts of the corridors to be avoided – Three Sisters area ............................... 50 30 August 2017 GAMMA-KAPPA EIA SURFACE WATER MD3414 iv Project related Acronyms Acronym Acronym description CBA Critical Biodiversity Area DMA District Management Area DWS Department of Water and Sanitation EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EIS Ecological Importance & Sensitivity ESA Ecological Support Area GN Government
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