Mercedes Rocafort Ferrer Biologia Ambiental Climate change effects on Plasmopara viticola incidence in vineyards Introduction Background Cycle of life and climatic conditions Plasmopara viticola (Berk, & Curt.) is a biotrophic parasite from the Oomycetes family which causes the Downy mildew disease that provokes great harvest losses

It was first detected in Catalonia in 1880.

To avoid the Downy mildew disease preventive treatments are done. oil spots Secondary infection (zoospores) Climate change is one of the worst problems of the 21st century. Relative humidity: 98% Pathogens have a great impact on global agriculture and climate change may aggra- Temp: 19-20ºC vate the situation. (Gautam, 2013)

Hypothesis: Temperature will accelerate P.viticola life cycle and benefit its development. Primary infection Objective: Study the effects of climate change on Plasmopara viticola epi- (oospores) demics in Catalonia 10mm rain previous 48h Temp: 12-13°C

white spots Methodology

STAGE 1

January February March April May June July September October November December 1 Collecting climatic parameters

EPI model Climatic Parameters: EPI model Daily Tº Daily precipitation symptoms inspection Relative humidity Humectation hours

2 EPI model: Downy mildew disease pressure mesurement acording to meteorological data (temperature and precipitation) from October to March (Reyes & Barrero, 2014). Weather conditions affect oospores maduration.

-20 0 +20 - Infection Risk +Infection Risk DO Alella: Cabrils DO Empordà: Bisbal de l’Empordà i Portbou 3 Early symptoms inspection: EPI model and meteorological data results help to know DO Costers del Segre: Raimat DO Pla de Bages: Castellnou de Bages how the infection will occur. DO Conca de Barberà: Espluga de Francolí DO Tarragona: Vila rodona DO Priorat: Torroja de Priorat inspections during: DO Montsant: Falset end of April & May - early June. Every 5 - 10 days DO Terra Alta: Batea DO Penedès: Sant Sadurní d’Anoia Once symptoms are detected: Symptomatic clusters will be placed in a moist chamber to induce sporulation in order to confirm P.viticola’s presence. (Kenelly et al., 2007)

STAGE 2 1 Critical path analysis (CPA): In order to know which weather parame- ters explain more the primary infection. January February March April May June July September October November December 2 CPA Catalonia’s risk infection map: This map will be done acording to Tº, precipitation and the result of EPI model. Reclassification in 4 risk catego- Catalonia’s Risk Infection map ries with SIG Miramon.

Catalonia’s Risk Infection map in future scenarios 3 Catalonia’s risk infection in future scenarios: Will be made with re- gional climate models for Spain. Scenarios A2 &B2.

Results & Discussion

Higher accelerate Potential increase of P.viticola Future Improvements Temperatures oospores in the viticulture (Salinari et al., 2006). High resolution climate change data for due to climate change germination Catalonia isn’t available nowadays. (Salinari et al., 2006) Premature infection in May. This data is still in creation progress. (A. Barrera-Escoda & J. Cunillera, 2011). More atention should be paid Using high resolution data for Catalonia Higher change pathogen to the management will be an important improvement because CO2 life cycle of the Downy mildew the results will be more confident. concentrations and increase due to climate change pathogen fecundity

Chakraborty, S.(2005)

Barrera-Escoda, A., & Cullinera, J. (2011). Climate change projections for Catalonia (NE Iberian Peninsula). Part I: Regional climate modeling. Tethys,8, 75–87. Chakraborty, S. (2005). Potential impact of climate change on plant–pathogen interactions. Australasian Plant Pathology, 34 (4), 443-448 Gautam, H. R., Bhardwaj, M. L., & Robitash, K. (2013). Climate change and its impact on plant diseases. Current Science, 105 (12), 1685-1691. Kennelly, M., Gadoury, D., Wilcox, W., Magarey, P., & Seem, R. (2007). Primary Infection, Lesion Productivity, and Survival of Sporangia in the Grapevine Downy Mildew Pathogen Plasmopara viticola. Phytopathology, 97 (4), 512–522. Reyes, J & Barrios, G. (2004). Modelización del mildiu de la vid. Phytoma 164 Salinari, F., Giosuè, S., Tubiello, F., Rettori, A., Rossi , V., Spanna, F., & Gullino, M. (2006). Downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola) epidemics on grapevine under climate change. Global Change Biology,12 (7), 1299-1307.