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TANG-W-77-003 C2 SEA GRANT COLLEG S A&M UNIVERSITY 1 I TANG-W-77-003 C2 e cX~ S A&M UNIVERSITY SEA GRANT COLLEG 1 i TAMU-SG-7B-502 "Humans are curious, inquisitive animals. Historically, it can- not be denied: if they have the technology and the ability to put themselvesinto a different environment, they will do it. This was true with aviation, with space, with terrestrial efforts. l think there is a definite future for humankindin the sea," Dr. Richard Heimbach PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTH STUDENT CONFERENCE ON MARINE AFFAIRS Texas ABM University's fourth Student Conference on MarineAffairs was a mediumfor exchangeand interactionamong students, academicians and professionals concerned with humankind's relationship to the sea. In panel and discussionses- sions, participantsexplored divergent branchesof the conference theme, "Living with the Sea." Informal meetingsand activities "Thirty yearsago if you wanted to study promoted eddies of discussion on personal, public and political oceanography, you had your choice of involvement with marine issues, two institutions. Theaverage age of most oceanographerswas high becausemost Sponsoredjointly by the TexasA&M SeaGrant College Pro- already were recognized scientists. They gram and the Link Foundation, the four-day symposium, held were people who, somewhere in mid- October16-19,1977, gathered together more than l00 individuals. career, decided to dedicate their knowl- Eighty-five students, from 11 out-of-state and 17 Texas universi- edge to studies of the sea... Today, we ties, were selectedto attend by university presidents,directors or !ook to the student not only as a source of respective institution coordinators. Fourteen professional scientific expertiseofthe next generation, panelists and speakers, representing governmental, industrial, but also as a source ofinput to the present private and educational marine-related interests, were invited by generation of science," conferencehosts. Meetingswere held at the La Quinta Royale Hotel in Corpus Christi, and social activities that included a port Dr. Robert Abel tour, a nature-oriented field trip and a beach cook-out afforded participantsa look at people and placesin the coastalcommunity. Conference guests were welcomed to Texas A8 M at the "Backin 1971,we held our first meetingin opening session by Dr, Robert Abel, assistantvice president for College Station. It dealt primarily with the university'smarine programs, Noting the recent,rapid evolu- marine affairsinvolving federal ancl state tion of marine science education, Dr. Abel described Texas governments. The second conference was A8 M's role in the development of information and interaction in Galveston, with the theme of coastal about the sea. The conference and participants, he said, were zone resources. ln 7975, we again met in representative of the university's continued concern for marine Galvestonand talked about the develop- education, experience and exchange. ment and utilization of coastal resources," Mr, Willis Clark, associate director of A&M's Center for Marine Resources,also welcomed guests, briefly relating the his- Mr, Willis Clark tory of previous Student Conferences and the joint program cooperation with the Link Foundation. Mapping out the 1977 symposiumschedule, Mr, Clark introduced programspeakers and presenteda descriptivepreview of the coastalareas and top- ographicfeatures guests would see during plannedsocial ac- tivities. "Jt will not be enough for you merely to become superbly qualified technicians and highly-skilled specialists. You a/so must develop the ability to see yourselvesand your talentsin nationa/, if not global, perspective. You must be abie to communi cate the significance of what you are doing." Keynote Address: THE FUTURE OF MARINE EDUCATION Dr. Jarvis Miller Addressing the national and international framework marine-related problems exist, which often best are re- within which marine scienceeducation finds itself today, solved at local levels with local resources. Texas A8 M University President Dr. larvis Miller dis- The emergence of programs like the National Sea cussed some of the problems and demands facing stu- Grant Program and the Law of the Sea Conference, dents and professionals in the field. Higher education, which Miller called one ot the most important ocean he said, increasinglyis being askedto account for what it activities of today, reflect the persistent concern of many does and the resources it administers; legislators and to develop a healthy policy toward the ocean. Because the public are seeking more decision-making involve- technology has rendered the sea vulnerable and acces- ment. An exciting task before the field, he suggested, sible, these and other programs exemplify mandatory is to communicate and to demonstrate that higher efforts to integrate world-wide cooperation in planning education has been a "wise and good steward" of the the usage of marine resources, Miller said. responsibilities and resourcesplaced in its trust. However, he noted that participation in marine education, research and management increasingly is Miller noted, however, that despite an increased being led by people and professionalsformerly not as- public call for accountability; despite an historic human sociated with the sea. This distinctive and important fascination with space and the sea, or the present popu- characteristic among these contributors has two conse- lar veneer ot understanding created by media, the actual quences: skills and occupations heretofore not obvi- national awareness of the ocean exists at a dim level of ously linked to the sea must be recognized, developed perception, Americans, he said, "tend not to appreciate and incorporated in a beneficial way; and that "an their basic and inescapableties to the sea" an irony in aware, informed and sensitive public" must become in- a time of space-age technology and in a country which volved in marine affairs through the representativepro- once had an acute appreciation for the sea, cess. Thesecircumstances provide marine education with Briefly tracing the national attitude toward marine a considerable challenge, said Miller, the challenge of resources since the mid-40's, Miller said the last 30 years communication within the discipline and to the outside of "fragmented spasms of ocean interest" were indica- world, "Ocean people" not only must do their work tive of the public's failure to recognize the significant wel!, but they also must export their knowledge and role that oceans play in daily life. Certain segments of skills outside the field, Theyactively must promote con- the federal government had contributed to the sporadic sensus, reason and dialogue among the users, tax- development trend, Miller suggested, by failing to payers, lawmakers and researchers, who all have a understand that not one but many unique, regional common bond in the future of the sea. FINDING HISTORY 0V 0 UNDER THE SEA CQ J. Richard Stefg 0 t/! A luncheon address the first day took conference sponge", he said but also to maximizethe learning guests 90 feet below the Mediterranean to begin their experience for all participants. discussion of modern efforts in the sea. Mr. j. Richard To preparefor the actualreconstruction, Steffy and Steffy,lecturer for the TexasA8 M nauticalarchaeology crew members drafted plans and built a full-sizedmodel program and ship reconstructor for the Llniversity-based of the mid-sectionof the ship, exactlyas they believed Institute of Nautical Archaeology, used the excavation the ancientshipwright had done it. At the time, virtually and reconstruction of a 2,300-year-oldshipwreck to dis- nothing was known about 4th century B.C, ship con- cuss some of the techniques and logistics required to struction, said the reconstructor, so preparation of the wrest historyfrom the sea.Not only can such projects plans and the model required a combination of conven- yield remarkabledata about the technology,thinking tional draftingmethods, facts gleaned from the ship asit and needs of a previous civilization, said Steffy, but stu- was disassembledand studiecf, creative ingenuity and dent participation at INA- trial-and-error techniques. To directed sites also traditionally duplicate the original construc- has provided experience in tion process as closely as pos- state-of-the-art technology for "A ship really is the finest artifact that can sible, project members used future marine archaeologists. reproductions of ancient tools Steffy said the eight-year be excavated because it's just loaded with tool marks. We get the angle of a mark and when possible, usecf copper project at Kyrenia, Cyprus, on a for fasteners from ancient vessel believed to have sunk can tell what sort of blade the adze or chisel had; we can study the holes and tell what Cypriot mines, and cut trees of about 310 B.C., represented pine wood similar to the actual the oldest shipwreck ever to be sort of angle the drill had. We can tell by the way the ship is made the limits of the ex- vessel. raised and reconstructed, and From the model, the the first ancient ship to be re- pertise of the shipwright and the limits of his modern reconstructors learned constructed from an under- technology. AO these things come out of studying the hull." much about the ancient ship- water excavation. Because of wright's skill and knowledge; the age and delicate condition however, the incomplete rep- of the ship's remains, the lica could not answerquestions deep-water diving conditions, about sailing techniques, said and the ambitious plan to reassemble the excavated ves- Steffy.
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