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Learning Material Department of Education Schools City Division Cabanatuan City LEARNING MATERIAL (Araling Panlipunan) GRADE 5 (Quarter 2) Department of Education Schools Division Office Cabanatuan City LEARNING MATERIAL ARALING PANLIPUNAN GRADE 5 (Quarter 2) Authors/Developers: Emelita Sonia B. Javate Joana Marie Dizon Teacher III Teacher III Angela Chan Czarina I. Junio Teacher III Teacher I Quality Assurance: Ramon R. De Leon, Ph.D. EPS-I Filipino at MAPEH Ever M. Samson EPS-I LRMDS Priscilla D. Sanchez, Ph.D. Chief ES, Curriculum Implementation Division _____________________________________________________ This Learning Material is a property of DepEd Schools Division Office of Cabanatuan City. Outside of the public schools in this Division, no part of this Learning Material may be sold, distributed or reproduced in any means without its explicit consent. DepEd Division of Cabanatuan City LEARNING RESOURCE MANAGEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT ___________________________________________________________________________________ ARALIN 1 Code: AP5KE-IIa-1 KONTEKSTO AT DAHILAN NG PANANAKOP NG BANSA Kahulugan at Layunin ng Kolonyalismo PANIMULA : Minsan ba sa buhay mo ay naitanong mo kung ano ang naging buhay ng ating mga ninuno noon. May pagkakahawig ba ang naging buhay nila noon sa kasalukuyang panahon. Natatamasa din kaya nila ang mga bagay na natatamasa mo ngayon lalo na ang kalayaan o kasarinlan. Noon pa man sinasabi na may sarili ng kultura at paniniwala ang mga Sinaunang Pilipino na tinalakay sa mga nakaraang aralin. Ngunit maraming pangyayari na naganap sa kasaysayan ng Pilipinas na nagpatibay at nagpapatatag sa ating bansa sa kasalukuyan . Bilang mag-aaral, nararanasan nating mamuhay nang masaya sa ating sariling bansa. Nagagawa natin ito sapagkat naninirahan tayo sa isang bansang malaya. Subalit sa kasaysayan ng Pilipinas dumating din ang panahon na tayo ay nasakop ng iba't ibang bansa sa pangunguna ng bansang Espanya. Sa aralin ngayon inaasahang : 1. Matatalakay ang kahulugan at layunin ng kolonyalismo at ang konteksto nito kaugnay sa pananakop ng Espanya sa Pilipinas. ALAMINALAMIN MO: MO • Ano ang kolonyalismo ? • Ano ang naging simula ng pagpasok ng kolonisasyon sa maraming bansa sa Asya? • Ano ang layunin ng kolonyalismo? Grade 5 Quarter 2 Learning Material DepEd Division of Cabanatuan City LEARNING RESOURCE MANAGEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT ___________________________________________________________________________________ PANAHON NG PANUNUKLAS AT KOLONISASYON Noong ika-15 siglo, ninais ng mga bansa sa Europa na maging pinakamayaman at pinakamakapangyarihan sa buong mundo. Ibig nilang madagdagan ang kanilang kayamanan at kapangyarihan sa pamamagitan ng pananakop sa ibang lugar. Layunin din nila ang makakuha ng mga panrekado at ipalaganap ang Kristiyanismo. Ang mga bagong tuklas at mahahalagang kaalaman at kagamitang pangheograpiya, tulad ng mapa,kompas at iba’t ibang mga kagamitan sa paglalakbay ,ay nakatulong sa mga taga-Europa na dayuhin ang iba’t ibang bahagi ng mundo.Nabantog naman noon ang kasaganaan sa gawin Silangan . Kung kaya’t ang hangaring masakop ang mga lupain sa Silangan ay tumindi para sa mga taga –Europa. Ang mga taga-Venicia ang nanguna noon sa larangan ng kalakalan , kung kaya’t nakontrol nila ang sistema ng kalakalan. Dahil dito napilitan ang ibang Europeong na humanap ng ibang ruta patungong silangan noong bumagsak ang Constantinople sa kamay ng mga Turkong Muslim noong 1453. Sa panahong iyon , tanging ang taga-Venicia lamang ang hindi sinisingil ng mahal na taripa ng mga Turkong Muslim sa kanilang pagdaan sa ruta ng kalakalan. Ang mga kadahilanang ito ang nagningas sa pagnanasa ng mga taga-Europa na humanap ng ibang ruta patungo sa Silangan. Ang kagustuhan ng Europa na pangalagaan ang kapakanan ng lupain lalo na ang mabigyan ng solusyon ang nauubos na yaman ng kani-kanilang bansa ay nagbigay hudyat upang gumawa ng hakbang ang Europeong bansa na magkaroon ng kolonya. Sa kolonyang bansa nila kukuhanin ang mga hilaw na sangkap para sa kanilang industriya. Nanguna sa gawaing ekspanisasyon ang dalawang bansa - ang Portugal at ang Espanya.Ang merkantilismo ang ginamit na pamamaraan ng mga taga Europa.May paniniwala ang mga pinuno ng Europa, na ang kapangyarihan ng isang bansa ay nakabatay sa kanilang kayamanan at kaban ng gintong pananalapi.Dala ng ganitong kadahilanan ay kinailangan na madagdagan ang yaman ng bansa sa pamamagitan ng paghakot ng kayamanan buhat sa mga bansa na kanilang kolonya. Ang dalawang nangungunang bansa na Portugal at Espanya sa ekspanisasyon ay nagbalak na maisakatuparan ito sa pamamagitan nang panunuklas ng mga lupain at makolonisa ang mga ito. Ang Portugal at Espanya ay parehong bansang Kristiyano kung kayat humingi sila ng pahintulot mula sa Papa ng Roma na si Papa Alexander VI. Grade 5 Quarter 2 Learning Material DepEd Division of Cabanatuan City LEARNING RESOURCE MANAGEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT ___________________________________________________________________________________ Pinahintulutan ni Papa Alexander VI and dalawang bansa sa kagustuhang maipahayag ang Kristiyanismo sa maraming lugar sa mundo.Magkatunggali noon ang Portugal at Espanya sa gagawing ekspanisasyon kung kayat sinikap ng Papa na gumawa ng legal na hakbang upang magsilbing gabay sa panunuklas ng mga bansa at sa kolonisasyon nito. Bunga nito ay pinagtibay ang Kasunduan ng Tordesillas. ANG EKSPANISASYON AT KAAKIBAT NA KASUNDUAN Sa kagustuhan ni Papa Alexander VI na mapalaganap nang lubusan ang Kristiyanismo sa malalayong lugar na di –Kristiyano at upang malutas ang problema at di pagkakaunawaan ng Portugal at Espanya hinggil sa panunuklas ng ibang lupain,ay sinikap na bumuo ng gabay na kasunduan. Kinikilala ang kapangyarihan ng Papa kayat sinunod siya ng mga bansa na sakop niya. Nagpalabas ang Papa ng dalawang dekrito (Papa Bull) noong Mayo 3, 1493 na nagbigay ng karapatan sa Portugal na manuklas sa Africa at ang Espanya naman ay sa Bagong Daigdig.Ang dalawang naunang dekrito ay sinundan agad ng pangatlong dekrito na naghahati sa mundo para sa Portugal at Espanya sa pamamagitan ng pagguhit ng hangganan simula sa Hilagang Polo (North Pole) patungong Timog Polo (South Pole) at ito ay dumaraan sa Karagatang Atlantiko (Atlantic Ocean)doon sa 100 liga sa kanlurang bahagi ng mga pulo ng Azores at Cape Verde.Sa paghahati ay ipinaliwanag na ang matutuklasan sa silangan ng hangganan ay para sa Portugal at lahat ng matutuklasang lupain na pakanluran ay para sa Espanya. Tumutol ang Hari ng Portugal,na si Haring Manuel I sa isinagawang paghahati. Paano’y may mga karapatan ang Portugal sa Silangan na di napapaloob sa ginawang dektrito. Upang malinawan ay pinagtibay ang Kasunduan ng Tordesillas noong Hunyo 7,1494. Sa Kasunduan ng Tordesillas ay binago ang hangganan mula sa 100 liga ay inilipat ito sa 370 liga sa kanluran ng pulo ng Cape Verde. Sinasabi sa kasunduan na ang lahat ng matutuklasan sa Kanluran ng hangganan ay para sa Espanya at lahat naman ng nasa Silangang bahagi ay para sa Portugal. Sa mga pangyayaring ito, maraming bansa ang nahikayat na tumuklas ng lupain sa iba’t ibang panig ng mundo tulad ng Pransiya, Olanda at Ingletera. Ang panunuklas ay simula din ng pagpasok ng kolonisasyon sa maraming bansa sa Asya at dahilan kung paano ang Pilipinas ay naging kolonya ng Espanya. Grade 5 Quarter 2 Learning Material DepEd Division of Cabanatuan City LEARNING RESOURCE MANAGEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT ___________________________________________________________________________________ Sagutin: 1.Ano ang kolonisasyon? 2.Ano ano ang mahahalagang pangyayari sa kasaysayan ang naganap sa Europa noong ika-15 dantaon? 3.Bakit nagbalak ang mga Europeo na maghanda ng mga gawain ng panunuklas noong ika-15 dantaon? 4.Bakit naghangad ang mga pinuno sa Europa na lumahok sa gawain ng panunuklas at pagkokolonisa ng mga lupain? 5.Anong pangyayari ang nagbigay-daan sa malawakang ekspanisasyon ng Portugal at Espanya? Paano nabigyang katarungan ang naturang pangyayari? 6.Ano ang kahalagahan ng Kasunduan ng Tordesillas? Naging makatarungan ba ito? Patunayan ang inyong sagot. GAWIN MO Gawain A Isulat sa notbuk ang T kung ang pahayag ay tama at M kung ang pahayag ay mali. 1. Ang Espanya ang nanguna sa kalakalan noong ika-15 siglo. 2. Nais lamang ng Espanya at Portugal na malibot ang daigdig at hindi gawing kolonisasyon ang mga bansang di – katoliko. 3. Magkatunggali ang bansang Portugal at Espanya sa panunuklas ng mga lupain 4. Si Haring Carlos I ng Espanya ang nagtibay ng Kasunduan ng Tordesillas. 5. Ang nagbigay pahintulot ng kolonisasyon at panunuklas ay si Papa Alexander VI. 6. Pinahintulutan ni Papa Alexander VI ang panunuklas o ekspenisasyon sa kagustuhang mapalaganap ang kristiyanismo. 7. Ang Asyanong mga bansa ay nagnais gumawa ng ekspedisyon sa buong daigdig. 8. Ang Kasunduan ng Tordesillas ay naghati ng lupaing mapasaiilalim ng kolonisasyon, ang Kanluran ay para sa Espanya at ang Silangang bahagi ay para sa Portugal. 9. Ang Hari ng Espanya ang tumutol sa una hanggang pangatlong dektritong paghahati ng Papa. Grade 5 Quarter 2 Learning Material DepEd Division of Cabanatuan City LEARNING RESOURCE MANAGEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT ___________________________________________________________________________________ 10Napilitang humanap ng ruta ang mga Europeong bansa bumagsak ang Constantinople sa kamay ng mga Turkong Muslim noong 1455. Gawain B. Punan ang kahon ng mga sagot upang mabuo ang konsepto kung ano ang kolonyalismo. KAHULUGAN _____________________ _____________________ NAPAHALAGAHAN NAAPEKTUHAN ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________
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