BACHELOR OF SCIENCE

IN

CHEMISTRY (Honours)

CURRICULUM AND SYLLABUS

(For Students admitted from academic year 2018 – 2019 onwards)

UNDER CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM

Sri Ramasamy Memorial University, Sikkim 5th Mile, Tadong, Gangtok, Sikkim 737102

B.Sc. Chemistry (For students admitted from the academic year 2018–2019 onwards)

CURRICULUM AND SYLLABUS

Objectives:

1. To help the students to acquire a comprehensive knowledge and sound understanding of fundamentals of Chemistry. 2. To develop practical and analytical skills of Chemistry. 3. To prepare students to acquire a range of general skills, to solve problems, to evaluate information, to use computers productively, to communicate with society effectively and learn independently. 4. To enable them to acquire a job efficiently in diverse fields such as Science and Engineering, Education, Banking, Public Services, Business etc.,

Eligibility:

The candidates seeking admission to the B.Sc. Degree program shall be required to have passed (10+2) (Higher Secondary) examination or any other equivalent examination of any authority, recognized by this University, with Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics/Biosciences.

Duration:

3 Years (6 Semesters)

SCHEME AND SYLLABUS FOR CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM FOR B.Sc. CHEMISTRY CURRICULUM

Core course Ability Skill Discipline Specific Enhancement Enhancement Elective Compulsory Course Course SEM I 1. Structure and Bonding in English LASR 1. Basic Chemistry Computer 2. States of Matter and Ionic skills equilibria 2. Environmental Studies SEM II1. 1. Thermodynamics, Chemical English C-programming Equilibrium, Solutions and communication language Colligative Properties 2. 2. Basic Concepts of Organic Chemistry SEM 1. General Principles of Food III Metallurgy, Acids and Bases, Chemistry and Main Group Elements, Inorganic Analysis life Polymers. 2. Functional Groups in Organic Chemistry-I 3. Phase Equilibria, Chemical Kinetics, Catalysis, Surface Chemistry SEM 1. Coordination Chemistry, IV Transition Elements, Lanthanides Pharmaceutical and Actinoids, Bioinorganic Chemistry Chemistry 2. Functional Groups in Organic Chemnistry-II 3. Electrochemistry SEM V 1Chemistry of Biological Material Sciecnce Molecules and 2. Quantum Chemistry, Molecular Nanotechnology / Spectroscopy, Photochemsitry. Agricultural and 3. Dynamic aspects of Organic Leather Chemistry Chemistry 3. Green Chemistry SEM 1. Organometallic Compounds VI 2. Organic Spectroscopy, Analytical carbohydrates, Dyes and Polymers Methods in 3. Synthetic Organic Chemistry Chemistry/Polymer Chemistry

Course Course Course Name L T P C Category Code SEMESTER-I

LAE1811 2 1 0 3 Language English – I LASR Core CHM1812 Structure and Bonding in Chemistry 4 0 0 4 Core CHM1813 States of Matter & Ionic Equilibria 4 0 0 4 C -Practical CHM1814 Inorganic Qualitative Analysis - I 0 0 4 2 Allied MAA1815 Allied Maths – I 4 1 0 5 *Supportive SPD1816 Basic Computer Skills 0 0 4 2 Environmental Studies (Internal SWAYAM EVS1817 0 0 0 0 Evaluation) Total 20

SEMESTER-II L T P C Language LAE1821 English – II Communication Skills 2 1 0 3 CHM1822 Thermodynamics, Chemical Core Equilibrium, Solutions and 4 0 0 4 Colligative Properties Basic Concepts of Organic Core CHM1823 Chemistry 4 0 0 4

CHM1824 Laboratory Course On General Core - P 0 0 4 2 Physical Chemistry Allied MAA1825 Allied Maths – II 4 1 0 5 *Supportive SPD1826 C-Programming Language 3 0 4 5 Total 23

SEMESTER-III L T P C CHM1831 General Principles of Metallurgy, Core Acids and Bases, Main Group 4 0 0 4 Elements, Inorganic Polymers Functional Groups in Organic Core CHM1832 4 0 0 4 Chemistry-I Phase Equilibria, Chemical Core CHM1833 Kinetics, Catalysis, Surface 4 0 0 4 Chemistry Core-P CHM1834 Inorganic Quantitative Estimation 0 0 4 2 Skill Enhancement CHMS1835 Food Chemistry & Analysis 0 0 4 2 Course-I Allied PHYA1836 Allied Physics – I 4 0 0 4 A-P PHYA1837 Allied Physics Practical 0 0 4 2 Total 22

SEMESTER-IV L T P C Coordination Chemistry, Transition Core CHM1841 Elements, Lanthanides and 4 0 0 4 Actinoids, Bioinorganic Chemistry Functional Groups in Organic Core CHM1842 4 0 0 4 Chemistry-II Core CHM1843 Electrochemistry 4 0 0 4 CHM1844 Laboratory course on methods and Core-P 0 0 4 2 Synthesis in organic chemistry Skill Enhancement CHMS1845 Pharmaceutical Chemistry 3 0 0 3 Course-II Allied PHYA1846 Allied Physics – II 4 0 0 4 A-P PHYA1847 Allied Physics Practical 0 0 4 2 Total 23

SEMESTER-V L T P C Core CHM1851 Chemistry of Biomolecules 4 0 0 4 Quantum Chemistry, Molecular Core 4 0 0 4 CHM1852 Spectroscopy, Photochemistry Dynamic Aspects of Organic Core 4 0 0 4 CHM1853 Chemistry Core CHM1854 Green Chemistry 4 0 0 4 Laboratory Course in Green Core-P CHM1855 0 0 4 2 Chemistry Laboratory Course in Core-P CHM1856 0 0 4 2 inorganic and analytical chemistry Laboratory Course for Organic Core-P CHM1857 0 0 4 2 Chemistry and Biochemistry Discipline Material Sciecnce and specific CHME1858/ Nanotechnology / Agricultural and 4 0 0 4 elective-I CHME1859 Leather Chemistry Total 24

SEMESTER-VI L T P C

Organometallic Compounds 4 0 0 4 Core CHM1861 Organic Spectroscopy, Core 4 0 0 4 CHM1862 carbohydrates, Dyes and Polymers Core CHM1863 Synthetic Organic Chemistry 4 0 0 4 Practical Course for Core-P 0 0 4 2 CHM1864 Electrochemistry Laboratory Course In Synthetic Core-P CHM1865 Organic Chemistry And 0 0 4 2 Spectroscopic Techniques Discipline Analytical Methods in specific CHME1866/ 4 0 0 4 Chemistry/Polymer Chemistry elective-I CHME1867 Core based Project 0 0 8 4 Project CHM1868 Total 24 SEMESTER I

COURSE CODE COURSE TITLE L T P C

LAE1811 English – I LSRW 2 1 0 3

UNIT I: Listening Skills

Introduction to Communication- LSRW Active Listening Reasons for poor Listening Types of Listening Barriers to Listening Traits of a good Listener Activity: Listening to the news and making notes, listening to announcements, listening to speeches, listening to instructions and summarizing them, listening to and differentiating pronunciations.

UNIT II: Speaking Skills

Importance of Speaking Skills Effective Speaking- Confidence, Clarity and Fluency

Types of Speaking- Task Oriented- Interpersonal – Formal and Semi Formal Persuasive Speaking and Public Speaking Barriers to Speaking Guidelines for conducting a Group Discussion Guidelines for conducting a Meeting Activity: Peer Introduction, JAM, Public speech, Role play, Product description, debate, GD, panel discussion, Conducting Meeting

UNIT III- Reading Skills

Introduction to Reading skills Thesis, Evidence, Evaluation Topic sentence and its role

Types of reading- Intensive- Extensive-Skimming - Scanning Reading and its purposes Reading for pleasure Reading for critical interpretation Reading for note making and summarizing Activity: Reading articles and short stories and verbally summarizing them, reading newspapers and magazines and highlighting the content, reading comprehensions, reading reviews, reading and interpreting the content, identifying the thesis- evidence- evaluation, reading novels (Abridged version)

UNIT IV- Writing Skills

Introduction and Importance of Writing Writing a Sentence Writing a Paragraph- Topic Sentence, illustration

Characteristics of Writing- Clarity- Accuracy- Correctness- Descriptiveness Language- Appropriateness- Conciseness -Flow Business Writing – Basic principles of Business Communication

Letter writing- Thank you and follow-up letter, complaint letter, inquiry letter, invitation letter, letter to the editor Writing memo, notice, agenda and minutes of the meeting Report writing Interpretation of data (flow charts, figures and pictures) Essay and Article Writing Poster Making

Activity- Writing a paragraph, Writing different kinds of letters, framing notices and memos and agendas, jotting down minutes of the meeting, reporting an event or the work done, interpreting various pictures, figures and data.

UNIT V- Basic Grammar

Tense and Articles, Prepositions, Direct and Indirect Speech, Active and Passive Voice

COURSE COURSE TITLE L T P Total c CODE L+T+P CHM1812 STRUCTURE AND 4 0 0 4 4 BONDING IN CHEMISTRY INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES 1. To understand about the atomic structure. 2. To know the arrangement of elements in the periodic table and periodic properties.

3. To understand structure and bonding in molecules. 4. To study the theories of REDOX REACTIONS

Unit 1: Atomic Structure

Bohr’s theory, its limitations and atomic spectrum of hydrogen atom. Wave mechanics: de Broglie equation, Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle and its significance, Schrödinger’s wave equation, significance of ψ and ψ2. Quantum numbers and their significance. Normalized and orthogonal wave functions. Sign of wave functions. Radial and angular wave functions for hydrogen atom. Radial and angular distribution curves. Shapes of s, p, d and f orbitals. Contour boundary and probability diagrams. Pauli’s Exclusion Principle, Hund’s rule of maximum multiplicity, Aufbau’s principle and its limitations, Variation of orbital energy with atomic number. (14 Lectures)

Unit 2: Periodicity of Elements s, p, d, f block elements, the long form of periodic table. Detailed discussion of the following properties of the elements, with reference to s & p-block. (a) Effective nuclear charge, shielding or screening effect, Slater rules, variation of effective nuclear charge in periodic table. (b) Atomic radii (van der Waals) (c) Ionic and crystal radii. (d) Covalent radii (octahedral and tetrahedral) (e) Ionization enthalpy, Successive ionization enthalpies and factors affecting ionization energy. Applications of ionization enthalpy. (f) Electron gain enthalpy, trends of electron gain enthalpy. (g) Electronegativity, Pauling’s/ Mulliken’s/ Allred Rachow’s/ and Mulliken-Jaffé’s electronegativity scales. Variation of electronegativity with bond order, partial charge, hybridization, group electronegativity. Sanderson’s electron density ratio. (16 Lectures)

Unit 3: Chemical Bonding

(i) lonic bond: General characteristics, types of ions, size effects, radius ratio rule and its limitations. Packing of ions in crystals. Born-Landé equation with derivation and importance of Kapustinskii expression for lattice energy. Madelung constant, Born-Haber cycle and its application, Solvation energy. (ii) Covalent bond: Lewis structure, Valence Bond theory (Heitler-London approach). Energetics of hybridization, equivalent and non-equivalent hybrid orbitals. Bent’s rule, Resonance and resonance energy, Molecular orbital theory. Molecular orbital diagrams of diatomic and simple polyatomic molecules N2, O2, C2, B2, F2, CO, NO, and their ions; HCl, BeF2, CO2, (idea of s-p mixing and orbital interaction to be given). Formal charge, Valence shell electron pair repulsion theory (VSEPR), shapes of simple molecules and ions containing lone pairs and bond pairs of electrons, multiple bonding (σ and π bond approach) and bond lengths. Covalent character in ionic compounds, polarizing power and polarizability. Fajan’s rules and consequences of polarization. Ionic character in covalent compounds: Bond moment and dipole moment. Percentage ionic character from dipole moment and electronegativity difference. (iii) Metallic Bond: Qualitative idea of valence bond and band theories. Semiconductors and insulators, defects in solids. (iv) Weak Chemical Forces: van der Waals forces, ion-dipole forces, dipole-dipole interactions, induced dipole interactions, Instantaneous dipole-induced dipole interactions. Repulsive forces, Hydrogen bonding (theories of hydrogen bonding, valence bond treatment) Effects of chemical force, melting and boiling points, solubility energetics of dissolution process. (26 Lectures)

Unit 4: Oxidation-Reduction

Redox equations, Standard Electrode Potential and its application to inorganic reactions. Principles involved in volumetric analysis to be carried out in class. (4 Lectures)

TEXT BOOKS

1. D. F Shriver, P. W Atkins and C. H. Langford, Inorganic Chemistry, 3rd Ed., Oxford University Press, London, 2001 2. B. Douglas, D. McDaniel, andJ. Alexander, Concepts and Models of Inorganic Chemistry, 3rd ed., John Wiley, 1994. 3. J. D. Lee, Concise Inorganic Chemistry, 5th ed., Wiley, 2008. 4. P.W. Atkins, J. D. Paula, Physical chemistry, 9th Oxford university press, 2009.

REFERENCES

1. K. F Purcell and J. C.Kotz, Inorganic Chemistry, Saunders, Philadelphia, 1976.

2. T. Moeller, Inorganic Chemistry: A Modern Introduction, Wiley, New York, 1990.

3. B. R. Puri, L. R. Sharma,K. C. Kalia, Principles of Inorganic Chemistry, Shoban Lal Nagin Chand and Co, 1996.

4. J. E. Huheey, E. A. Keiter, and Keiter, R. L., Inorganic Chemistry, 4th Ed., Harper and Row, New York, 1983. 5. Day, M.C. and Selbin, J. Theoretical Inorganic Chemistry, ACS Publications 1962.

COURSE COURSE TITLE L T P Total c CODE L+T+P CHM1813 STATES OF MATTER & 4 0 0 4 4 IONIC EQUILIBRIA INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES 1. To understand about the gaseous state and their various properties. 2. To understand about the liquid state and their various properties. 3. To understand about the solid states and their various properties. 4. To study the hydrolysis of electrolytes in solutions

Unit 1: Gaseous state

Kinetic molecular model of a gas: postulates and derivation of the kinetic gas equation; collision frequency; collision diameter; mean free path and viscosity of gases, including their temperature and pressure dependence, relation between mean free path and coefficient of viscosity, calculation of σ from η; variation of viscosity with temperature and pressure. Maxwell distribution and its use in evaluating molecular velocities (average, root mean square and most probable) and average kinetic energy, law of equipartition of energy, degrees of freedom and molecular basis of heat capacities.

Behaviour of real gases: Deviations from ideal gas behaviour, compressibility factor, Z, and its variation with pressure for different gases. Causes of deviation from ideal behaviour. Van der Waals equation of state, its derivation and application in explaining real gas behaviour, mention of other equations of state (Berthelot, Dietrici); virial equation of state; van der waals equation expressed in virial form and calculation of Boyle temperature. Isotherms of real gases and their comparison with van der Waals isotherms, continuity of states, critical state, relation between critical constants and van der Waals constants, law of corresponding states. (18 Lectures)

Unit 2: Liquid state

Qualitative treatment of the structure of the liquid state; Radial distribution function; physical properties of liquids; vapour pressure, surface tension and coefficient of viscosity, and their determination. Effect of addition of various solutes on surface tension and viscosity. Explanation of cleansing action of detergents. Temperature variation of viscosity of liquids and comparison with that of gases. Qualitative discussion of structure of water. (6 Lectures)

Unit 3: Solid state

Nature of the solid state, law of constancy of interfacial angles, law of rational indices, Miller indices, elementary ideas of symmetry, symmetry elements and symmetry operations, qualitative idea of point and space groups, seven crystal systems and fourteen Bravais lattices; X-ray diffraction, Bragg’s law, a simple account of rotating crystal method and powder pattern method. Analysis of powder diffraction patterns of NaCl, CsCl and KCl. Defects in crystals. Glasses and liquid crystals. (16 Lectures)

Unit 4: Ionic equilibria

Strong, moderate and weak electrolytes, degree of ionization, factors affecting degree of ionization, ionization constant and ionic product of water. Ionization of weak acids and bases, pH scale, common ion effect; dissociation constants of mono-, di-and triprotic acids (exact treatment). Salt hydrolysis-calculation of hydrolysis constant, degree of hydrolysis and pH for different salts. Buffer solutions; derivation of Henderson equation and its applications; buffer capacity, buffer range, buffer action and applications of buffers in analytical chemistry and biochemical processes in the human body.

Solubility and solubility product of sparingly soluble salts – applications of solubility product principle. Qualitative treatment of acid – base titration curves (calculation of pH at various stages). Theory of acid–base indicators; selection of indicators and their limitations. Multistage equilibria in polyelectrolyte systems; hydrolysis and hydrolysis constants. (20 Lectures)

TEXT BOOKS

1. P.W. Atkins, J. D. Paula, Physical chemistry, 9th Oxford university press, 2009. 2. Gilbert .W. Castellan, Physical Chemistry, 3rd edition, Narosa Publishing House, 1985. 3. K. L. Kapoor, A Textbook of Physical chemistry, (volume-1, 2, and 3) Macmillan, India Ltd, 1994.

REFERENCES

1. Ball, D. W. Physical Chemistry, Thomson Press, India (2007). 2. Metz, C.R. 2000 solved problems in chemistry, Schaum Series (2006) 3. B. R. Puri and L. R. Sharma, Principles of Physical Chemistry, Shoban Lal Nagin Chand and Co. 33rd edition, 1992. 4. D. V. S Jain and S. P. Jainhar, Physical chemistry – Principles and problems, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi, 1988. 5. S. H Maron and J. B. Lando, Fundamentals of Physical Chemistry, Macmillan, New York, 1974.

COURSE COURSE TITLE L T P Total C CODE L+T+P CHM1814 INORGANIC 0 0 4 4 2 QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS-I INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES 1. To enable the students to develop analytical skills in inorganic qualitative analysis. 2. To identify and detect various anions and cations through coloured reactions of metal ions. 3. To develop the skill of semi micro analysis.

4. To enable the students to identify the interfering radicals.

Semi micro qualitative analysis:

Qualitative analysis of a mixture containing two anions and two cations. Analysis of a mixture containing two cations and two anions of which one will be an interfering ion. Anions: Carbonate, sulphate, chloride, bromide, acetate, nitrite, nitrate, borate, chromate, oxalate, tartrate, and phosphate. Cations: Lead, bismuth, copper, cadmium, antimony, iron, zinc, cobalt, nickel, manganese, calcium, strontium, barium, & ammonium, silver, magnesium, mercury.

REFERENCES

1. V. V. Ramanujam, Inorganic Semi Micro Qualitative Analysis, 3rd edition, The National Publishing Company, Chennai, 1974. 2. Vogel’s Text Book of Inorganic Qualitative Analysis, 4th edition, ELBS, London, 1974. 3. V. Venkateswaran, R. Veerasamy and A. R. Kulandaivelu, Basic principles of Practical Chemistry, 2nd edition, Sultan Chand & Sons, New Delhi, 1997. 4. J. N. Gurtu and R. Kapoor, Advanced Experimental Chemistry, S. Chand and Co. 6th edition, 2010.

COURSE COURSE TITLE L T P Total c CODE L+T+P MAA1815 Mathematics I 4 1 0 5 5 INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES 1. To apply basic concepts for clear understanding of mathematical principles like set theory. 2. To help students learn solving equations, deal with matrices and apply calculus for solving practical problems.

UNIT I - SETS, RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS

Sets- representation of sets- Types of sets- Operation on sets-De morgan’s law- Venn diagram. Relation- Types of relation- Equivalence relation-Function- types of functions- Composite of two functions- graph of linear, trigonometric and exponential and logarithmic functions. UNIT II - THEORY OF EQUATIONS Polynomial equations- Irrational roots- Complex roots-(up to third order equations only) - Approximation of roots of a polynomial equation by Newton’s methods, secant method. UNIT III MATRICES Symmetric- Skew symmetric- Hermitian- Skew Hermitian- Orthogonal-Unitary matrices – Cayley Hamilton Theorem –Eigen values– Eigen vectors (for 2*2 matrix only)– Solving the equations using Cramer’s rule-computing rank of matrices by reducing them to echelon’s form-Rank and consistency of linear equation. UNIT IV DIFFERENTIATION Geometrical interpretation of continuous function-Definition of derivatives sum product and quotient rule-Interpretation of derivatives-derivatives as slope of tangent-Rolls theorem – intermediate value theorem-Simple problems on differentiation – Maxima and minima of functions of single variable – Radius of curvature (Cartesian co-ordinate) – Partial differentiation. UNIT V – INTEGRATION Simple problems only-integration by substitution-partial fraction-product rule- integration of simple functions- definite integral –application of definite integral in evaluating area under a curve-double integral TEXT BOOKS 1. Shanti Narayan, P.K. Mittal, A Textbook of Matrices,2004, S Chand & Co Ltd 2. N.P. Bali, Manish Goyal, A Textbook of Engineering Mathematics, 2014, Laxmi Publication Private limited REFERENCES 1. Thomas and Finney, Calculus, Eleventh edition, Pearson Publication SEMESTER II

COURSE CODE COURSE TITLE L T P C LAE1821 English – II Communication Skill 2 1 0 3

UNIT I -Understanding Communication Introduction to Communication Definition Communication process Methods of Communication- Internal and External communication Networks of communication- Vertical- horizontal- diagonal Barriers of Communication- Linguistic, Psychological, Interpersonal, cultural, physical and organizational (R.C Sharma and Krishna Mohan, Business Correspondence, pages 34-43)

UNIT II - Technology- based Communication Aids Telephone and voicemails Facsimile Machines Internet and computers Emails Conferencing Instant Messaging Groupware NETTIQUETTE Positive and Negative Impact of Technology enabled communication Effectiveness in Technology based communication

UNIT III - Verbal and Non-Verbal Communication Verbal Communication Conversation- importance- essentials- conversation management- non-verbal cues in conversation- Oral Presentation Skills--- Technical aids in Visual Communication (Shirley Taylor, V. Chandra, Communication for Business – A practical Approach 4th ed, page nos 378-397)

Team Presentation

Non- verbal Communication

Definition and Significance Significance of Non-verbal Signals in organizations Types of Nonverbal communication- Kinesics- Paralinguistic- Proxemics and Chronemics

UNIT IV- Interviews Introduction- Objectives of Interviews Types of interviews Job Interviews- cover letter- Resume Writing- Preparation for interview- Interviewing Process- Mock Interview Medium of Interview- Telephonic interview- web interview

(Meenakshi Raman, Sangeeta Sharma, Technical Communication-Principles and practices, pg no 180-203)

UNIT V - Cross Cultural Communication Introduction Concept of Cross- Cultural Communication Ethnocentrism Cultural Variables and Communication Sensitivity Variables of National Culture Cross- Cultural Communication Strategies Potential Hot Spots in Cross- Cultural Communication

COURSE COURSE TITLE L T P Total C CODE L+T+ P CHM1822 Thermodynamics, Chemical 4 0 0 4 4 Equilibrium, Solutions and Colligative Properties INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES 1. To understand the concepts of thermodynamics and apply it to physical and chemical systems. 2. To study the laws of thermodynamics and their applications. 3. To acquire knowledge about the colligative properties of solutions. 4. To gain knowledge about the solutions of non-electrolytes.

Unit 1: Chemical Thermodynamics

Intensive and extensive variables; state and path functions; isolated, closed and open systems; zeroth law of thermodynamics.

First law: Concept of heat, q, work, w, internal energy, U, and statement of first law; enthalpy, H, relation between heat capacities, calculations of q, w, U and H for reversible, irreversible and free expansion of gases (ideal and van der Waals) under isothermal and adiabatic conditions. Thermochemistry: Heats of reactions: standard states; enthalpy of formation of molecules and ions and enthalpy of combustion and its applications; calculation of bond energy, bond dissociation energy and resonance energy from thermochemical data, effect of temperature (Kirchhoff’s equations) and pressure on enthalpy of reactions. Adiabatic flame temperature, explosion temperature.

Second Law: Concept of entropy; thermodynamic scale of temperature, statement of the second law of thermodynamics; molecular and statistical interpretation of entropy. Calculation of entropy change for reversible and irreversible processes.

Third Law: Statement of third law, concept of residual entropy, calculation of absolute entropy of molecules.

Free Energy Functions: Gibbs and Helmholtz energy; variation of S, G, A with T, V, P; Free energy change and spontaneity. Relation between Joule-Thomson coefficient and other thermodynamic parameters; inversion temperature; Gibbs-Helmholtz equation; Maxwell relations; thermodynamic equation of state. (36 Lectures)

Unit 2: Systems of Variable Composition:

Partial molar quantities, dependence of thermodynamic parameters on composition; Gibbs- Duhem equation, chemical potential of ideal mixtures, change in thermodynamic functions in mixing of ideal gases. (8 Lectures)

Unit 3: Chemical Equilibrium:

Criteria of thermodynamic equilibrium, degree of advancement of reaction, chemical equilibria in ideal gases, concept of fugacity. Thermodynamic derivation of relation between Gibbs free energy of reaction and reaction quotient. Coupling of exoergic and endoergic reactions. Equilibrium constants and their quantitative dependence on temperature, pressure and concentration. Free energy of mixing and spontaneity; thermodynamic derivation of relations between the various equilibrium constants Kp, Kc and Kx. Le Chatelier principle (quantitative treatment); equilibrium between ideal gases and a pure condensed phase. (8 Lectures)

Unit 4: Solutions and Colligative Properties:

Dilute solutions; lowering of vapour pressure, Raoult’s and Henry’s Laws and their applications. Excess thermodynamic functions. Thermodynamic derivation using chemical potential to derive relations between the four colligative properties [(i) relative lowering of vapour pressure, (ii) elevation of boiling point, (iii) Depression of freezing point, (iv) osmotic pressure] and amount of solute. Applications in calculating molar masses of normal, dissociated and associated solutes in solution. (8 Lectures)

TEXT BOOKS

1. P.W. Atkins, J. D. Paula, Physical chemistry, 9th Oxford university press, 2009. 2. Gilbert .W. Castellan, Physical Chemistry, 3rd edition, Narosa Publishing House, 1985. 3. K. L. Kapoor, A Textbook of Physical chemistry, (volume-1, 2, and 3) Macmillan, India Ltd, 1994.

REFERENCES

1. Engel, T. & Reid, P. Physical Chemistry, 3rd Ed., Prentice-Hall (2012). 2. McQuarrie, D. A. & Simon, J. D. Molecular Thermodynamics, Viva Books Pvt. Ltd.: New Delhi (2004). 3. Metz, C.R. 2000 solved problems in chemistry, Schaum Series (2006) 4. B. R. Puri and L. R. Sharma, Principles of Physical Chemistry, Shoban Lal Nagin Chand and Co. 33rd edition, 1992. 5. S. Glasstone and D. Lewis, Elements of Physical Chemistry, Mac Milan& Co. Ltd, London, 1960. 6. D. V. S Jain and S. P. Jainhar, Physical chemistry – Principles and problems, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi, 1988.

COURSE COURSE TITLE L T P Total C CODE L+T+P CHM1823 Basic Concepts of Organic 4 0 0 4 4 Chemistry INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES 1. To gain knowledge about the basic concepts in organic chemistry. 2. To understand the importance of stereochemistry. 3. To gain knowledge about aromaticity. 4. To understand about organic reactions and reaction intermediate.

Unit 1: Basics of Organic Chemistry

Organic Compounds: Classification, and Nomenclature, Hybridization, Shapes of molecules, Influence of hybridization on bond properties. Electronic Displacements: Inductive, electromeric, resonance and mesomeric effects, hyperconjugation and their applications; Dipole moment; Organic acids and bases; their relative strength. Homolytic and Heterolytic fission with suitable examples. Curly arrow rules, formal charges; Electrophiles and Nucleophiles; Nucleophlicity and basicity; Types, shape and their relative stability of Carbocations, Carbanions, Free radicals and Carbenes.

Introduction to types of organic reactions and their mechanism: Addition, Elimination and Substitution reactions. (6 Lectures)

Unit 2: Stereochemistry

Fischer Projection, Newmann and Sawhorse Projection formulae and their interconversions; Geometrical isomerism: cis–trans and, syn-anti isomerism E/Z notations with C.I.P rules.

Optical Isomerism: Optical Activity, Specific Rotation, Chirality/Asymmetry, Enantiomers, Molecules with two or more chiral-centres, Distereoisomers, meso structures, Racemic mixture and resolution. Relative and absolute configuration: D/L and R/S designations. (18 Lectures)

Unit 3: Chemistry of Aliphatic Hydrocarbons

A. Carbon-Carbon sigma bonds Chemistry of alkanes: Formation of alkanes, Wurtz Reaction, Wurtz-Fittig Reactions, Free radical substitutions: Halogenation -relative reactivity and selectivity.

B. Carbon-Carbon pi bonds:

Formation of alkenes and alkynes by elimination reactions, Mechanism of E1, E2, E1cb reactions. Saytzeff and Hofmann eliminations. Reactions of alkenes: Electrophilic additions their mechanisms (Markownikoff/ Anti Markownikoff addition), mechanism of oxymercuration-demercuration, hydroborationoxidation, ozonolysis, reduction (catalytic and chemical), syn and anti-hydroxylation (oxidation). 1,2- and 1,4-addition reactions in conjugated dienes and, Diels-Alder reaction; Allylic and benzylic bromination and mechanism, e.g. propene, 1-butene, toluene, ethyl benzene. Reactions of alkynes: Acidity, Electrophilic and Nucleophilic additions. Hydration to form carbonyl compounds, Alkylation of terminal alkynes.

C. Cycloalkanes and Conformational Analysis

Types of cycloalkanes and their relative stability, Baeyer strain theory, Conformation analysis of alkanes: Relative stability: Energy diagrams of cyclohexane: Chair, Boat and Twist boat forms; Relative stability with energy diagrams. (24 Lectures)

Unit 4: Aromatic Hydrocarbons Aromaticity: Hückel’s rule, aromatic character of arenes, cyclic carbocations/carbanions and heterocyclic compounds with suitable examples. Electrophilic aromatic substitution: halogenation, nitration, sulphonation and Friedel-Craft’s alkylation/acylation with their mechanism. Directing effects of the groups. (12 Lectures)

TEXT BOOKS 1. T. W.Graham Solomons, Organic Chemistry, 6th edition, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1996. 2. L. G. Wade, Organic Chemistry, 8th edition, Pearson, 2016. 3. Kalsi, P. S. Stereochemistry Conformation and Mechanism; New Age International, 2005. 4. Eliel, E. L. & Wilen, S. H. Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds; Wiley: London, 1994.

REFERENCES

1. S.H Pine, Organic Chemistry, 5th edition, McGraw Hill, New York,1987. 2. S.N. Ege ,Organic Chemistry Structure and Reactivity, 3rd edition: A.I.T.B.S., New Delhi, 1998. 3. F.A .Carey, Organic Chemistry, 3rd edition, Tata-McGraw Hill Publications, New Delhi, 1999. 4. B.Y. Paula, Organic Chemistry, 3rd edition, Pearson Education Inc., Singapore, 2002. 5. J. Clayden, N. Greeves, S. Warren, Organic Chemistry, 2nd edition, Oxford, 2014.

COURSE COURSE TITLE L T P Total C CODE L+T+P CHM1824 LABORATORY COURSE 0 0 4 4 2 ON GENERAL PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES 1. To understand the principles of kinetic reaction. 2. To impart knowledge with respect to the phase transformation of different systems. 3. To enable the students to acquire analytical and psychomotor skills. 4. To understand the basic concepts of critical solution temperature.

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS

1. Determination of Transition Temperature of the hydrated salt.

2. Determination of Critical Solution Temperature of phenol water system.

3. Effect of impurity on Critical Solution Temperature.

4. Phase Diagram (Simple eutectic system).

5. Kinetics of Iodination of Acetone.

6. Determination of Rate constant of Acid –catalysed Hydrolysis of an Ester.

7. Determination of partition coefficient of iodine between water and carbon tetrachloride.

8. Determination of relative avidity of two acids.

REFERENCES

1. V. Venkateswaran, R.Veerasamy, A.R.Kulandaivelu, Basic principles of Practical Chemistry, 2nd edition, New Delhi, Sultan Chand & sons, 1997. 2. Sundaram, Krishnan, Raghavan, Practical Chemistry, (Part III) S.Viswanathan Co. Pvt, 1996. 3. Vogel’s, Text Book of Quantitative Chemical Analysis. 5th edition, ELBS/Longman England, 1989. 4. David P. Shoemaker, Carl W. Garland, Joseph W. Nibler, Experiments in Physical Chemistry, 5th edition, McGraw- Hill Book Company, 1989.

COURSE COURSE TITLE L T P Total c CODE L+T+P CHM1812 Mathematics II 4 1 0 5 5 INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES 1. To apply basic concepts for clear understanding of mathematical principles like set theory. 2. To help students learn solving equations, deal with matrices and apply calculus for solving practical problems.

UNIT I – Vectors Introduction-parallelogram law of vectors-dot product-projection of a vector-cross product- triple cross product - directional derivatives-divergence-curl- unit normal to a surface UNIT II - INTEGRAL CALCULUS Integral calculus- polynomial and irrational function – Partial fraction (Simple algebraic functions only) – Bernoulli’s formula – Reduction formula- ∫sinn x dx - ∫cos n x dx. UNIT III - DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION Differential Equation - Second order Differential Equation with constant coefficient- Interpretation of derivatives as slope of tangent-Simple problems on differentiation – Maxima and minima of functions of single variable – Radius of curvature (Cartesian co-ordinate) – Partial differentiation – Euler’s theorem. UNIT IV – COMPLEX NUMBER SYSTEM Introduction-argument and modulus of complex numbers-geometrical interpretation of sum and product of complex numbers- sequence and series of complex numbers-power series- convergence of power series. UNIT V – FOURIER SERIES Fourier series of periodic function on interval [0, 2π] and [-π, π] TEXT BOOKS 1. Rajendra Kumar Sharma, Complex Numbers and the Theory of Equations 2. Shanti Narayan, P K Mittal, A TEXTBOOK OF VECTOR CALCULUS, 4th Revised Edition, S chand publication. REFERENCES 1. Thomas and Finney, Calculus, Eleventh edition, Pearson Publication 2. Hall and Knight, Higher Algebra (Old Edition) Paperback

SEMESTER III

COURSE COURSE TITLE L T P Total C CODE L+T+ P CHM1831 General Principles of 4 0 0 4 4 Metallurgy, Acids and Bases, Main Group Elements, Inorganic Polymers INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES 1. To understand the basic purification tecniques of metal ores. 2. To study the various definitions of acids and bases. 3. To acquire knowledge about main group elements. 4. To gain knowledge about inorganic polymers.

Unit 1: General Principles of Metallurgy

Chief modes of occurrence of metals based on standard electrode potentials. Ellingham diagrams for reduction of metal oxides using carbon and carbon monoxide as reducing agent. Electrolytic Reduction, Hydrometallurgy. Methods of purification of metals: Electrolytic Kroll process, Parting process, van Arkel-de Boer process and Mond’s process, Zone refining. (6 Lectures)

Unit 2: Acids and Bases

Brönsted-Lowry concept of acid-base reactions, solvated proton, relative strength of acids, types of acid-base reactions, levelling solvents, Lewis acid-base concept, Classification of Lewis acids, Hard and Soft Acids and Bases (HSAB) Application of HSAB principle. (8 Lectures)

Unit 3: Chemistry of s and p Block Elements

Inert pair effect, Relative stability of different oxidation states, diagonal relationship and anomalous behaviour of first member of each group. Allotropy and catenation. Complex formation tendency of s and p block elements. Hydrides and their classification ionic, covalent and interstitial. Basic beryllium acetate and nitrate. Study of the following compounds with emphasis on structure, bonding, preparation, properties and uses. Boric acid and borates, boron nitrides, borohydrides (diborane) carboranes and graphitic compounds, silanes, Oxides and oxoacids of nitrogen, Phosphorus and chlorine. Peroxo acids of sulphur, interhalogen compounds, polyhalide ions, pseudohalogens and basic properties of halogens. (30 Lectures)

Unit 4: Noble Gases

Occurrence and uses, rationalization of inertness of noble gases, Clathrates; preparation and properties of XeF2, XeF4 and XeF6; Nature of bonding in noble gas compounds (Valence bond treatment and MO treatment for XeF2). Molecular shapes of noble gas compounds (VSEPR theory). (8 Lectures)

Unit 5: Inorganic Polymers

Types of inorganic polymers, comparison with organic polymers, synthesis, structural aspects and applications of silicones and siloxanes. Borazines, silicates and phosphazenes, and polysulphates. (8 Lectures)

TEXT BOOKS

1. J. D. Lee, Concise Inorganic Chemistry, ELBS, 1991. 2. D. F Shriver, P. W Atkins and C. H. Langford, Inorganic Chemistry, 3rd Ed., Oxford University Press, London, 2001. 3. J. E. Huheey, E. A. Keiter, and Keiter, R. L., Inorganic Chemistry, 4th Ed., Harper and Row, New York, 1983.

REFERENCES

1. Douglas, B.E; Mc Daniel, D.H. & Alexander, J.J. Concepts & Models of Inorganic Chemistry 3rd Ed., John Wiley Sons, N.Y. 1994. 2. Greenwood, N.N. & Earnshaw. Chemistry of the Elements, Butterworth-Heinemann. 1997. 3. Cotton, F.A. & Wilkinson, G. Advanced Inorganic Chemistry, Wiley, VCH, 1999. 4. Miessler, G. L. & Donald, A. Tarr. Inorganic Chemistry 4th Ed., Pearson, 2010. 5. B. R.Puri, L. R. Sharma and K. C. Kalia, Principles of Inorganic Chemistry, Shoban Lal Nagin Chand and Co.,Delhi, 1996. 6. F. A. Cotton, G. Wilkinson and P.L. Gaus, Basic Inorganic Chemistry, 3rd ed., John Wiley, New York, 2008.

COURSE COURSE TITLE L T P Total C CODE L+T+ P CHM1832 FUNCTIONAL GROUPS IN 4 0 0 4 4 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY-I INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES 1. To gain knowledge about the halogenated hydrocarbons.

2. To learn about the functional groups alcohols, ethers and epoxides.

3. To learn about the carbonyl containing functional groups.

4. To know the chemistry of carboxylic acids and their derivatives.

Unit 1: Chemistry of Halogenated Hydrocarbons

Alkyl halides: Methods of preparation, nucleophilic substitution reactions – SN1, SN2 and SNi mechanisms with stereochemical aspects and effect of solvent etc.; nucleophilic substitution vs. elimination. Aryl halides: Preparation, including preparation from diazonium salts. nucleophilic aromatic substitution; SNAr, Benzyne mechanism. Relative reactivity of alkyl, allyl/benzyl, vinyl and aryl halides towards nucleophilic substitution reactions. Organometallic compounds of Mg and Li – Use in synthesis of organic compounds. (16 Lectures)

Unit 2: Alcohols, Phenols, Ethers and Epoxides

Alcohols: preparation, properties and relative reactivity of 1°, 2°, 3° alcohols, Bouvaelt-Blanc Reduction; Preparation and properties of glycols: Oxidation by periodic acid and lead tetraacetate, Pinacol-Pinacolone rearrangement; Phenols: Preparation and properties; Acidity and factors effecting it, Ring substitution reactions, Reimer–Tiemann and Kolbe’s–Schmidt Reactions, Fries and Claisen rearrangements with mechanism; Ethers and Epoxides: Preparation and reactions with acids. Reactions of epoxides with alcohols, ammonia derivatives and LiAlH4 (16 Lectures)

Unit 3: Carbonyl Compounds

Structure, reactivity and preparation; Nucleophilic additions, Nucleophilic addition- elimination reactions with ammonia derivatives with mechanism; Mechanisms of Aldol and Benzoin condensation, Knoevenagel condensation, Claisan-Schmidt, Perkin, Cannizzaro and Wittig reaction, Beckmann and Benzil-Benzilic acid rearrangements, haloform reaction and Baeyer Villiger oxidation, α- substitution reactions, oxidations and reductions (Clemmensen, Wolff-Kishner, LiAlH4, NaBH4, MPV, PDC and PGC);

Addition reactions of unsaturated carbonyl compounds: Michael addition.

Active methylene compounds: Keto-enol tautomerism. Preparation and synthetic applications of diethyl malonate and ethyl acetoacetate. (14 Lectures)

Unit 4: Carboxylic Acids and their Derivatives

Preparation, physical properties and reactions of monocarboxylic acids: Typical reactions of dicarboxylic acids, hydroxy acids and unsaturated acids: succinic/phthalic, lactic, malic, tartaric, citric, maleic and fumaric acids; Preparation and reactions of acid chlorides, anhydrides, esters and amides; Comparative study of nucleophilic sustitution at acyl group - Mechanism of acidic and alkaline hydrolysis of esters, Claisen condensation, Dieckmann and Reformatsky reactions, Hofmannbromamide degradation and Curtius rearrangement. (10 Lectures)

Unit 5: Sulphur containing compounds

Preparation and reactions of thiols, thioethers and sulphonic acids. (4 Lectures)

1. T. W.Graham Solomons, Organic Chemistry, 6th edition, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1996. 2. L. G. Wade, Organic Chemistry, 8th edition, Pearson, 2016. 3. Finar, I. L. Organic Chemistry (Volume 1), Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd. (Pearson Education). REFERENCES 1. S.H Pine, Organic Chemistry, 5th edition, McGraw Hill, New York,1987. 2. S.N. Ege, Organic Chemistry Structure and Reactivity, 3rd edition: A.I.T.B.S., New Delhi, 1998. 3. F. A. Carey, Organic Chemistry, 3rd edition, Tata-McGraw Hill Publications, New Delhi, 1999. 4. B.Y. Paula, Organic Chemistry, 3rd edition, Pearson Education Inc., Singapore, 2002. 5. J. Clayden, N. Greeves, S. Warren, Organic Chemistry, 2nd edition, Oxford, 2014.

COURSE COURSE TITLE L T P Total C CODE L+T+P CHM1833 PHASE EQUILIBRIA, 4 0 0 4 4 CHEMICAL KINETICS, CATALYSIS, SURFACE CHEMISTRY

INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES 1. To understand the principles of phase equilibria. 2. To understand the concepts of chemical kinetics. 3. To learn the basic principles of catalysis 4. To educate the basic ideas of surface phenomena.

Unit 1: Phase Equilibria

Concept of phases, components and degrees of freedom, derivation of Gibbs Phase Rule for nonreactive and reactive systems; Clausius-Clapeyron equation and its applications to solidliquid, liquid-vapour and solid-vapour equilibria, phase diagram for one component systems, with applications. Phase diagrams for systems of solid-liquid equilibria involving eutectic, congruent and incongruent melting points, solid solutions. Three component systems, water-chloroform-acetic acid system, triangular plots.

Binary solutions: Gibbs-Duhem-Margules equation, its derivation and applications to fractional distillation of binary miscible liquids (ideal and nonideal), azeotropes, lever rule, partial miscibility of liquids, CST, miscible pairs, steam distillation. Nernst distribution law: its derivation and applications. (28 Lectures)

Unit 2: Chemical Kinetics

Order and molecularity of a reaction, rate laws in terms of the advancement of a reaction, differential and integrated form of rate expressions up to second order reactions, experimental methods of the determination of rate laws, kinetics of complex reactions (integrated rate expressions up to first order only): (i) Opposing reactions (ii) parallel reactions and (iii) consecutive reactions and their differential rate equations (steady-state approximation in reaction mechanisms) (iv) chain reactions. Temperature dependence of reaction rates; Arrhenius equation; activation energy. Collision theory of reaction rates, Lindemann mechanism, qualitative treatment of the theory of absolute reaction rates. (18 Lectures)

Unit 3: Catalysis

Types of catalyst, specificity and selectivity, mechanisms of catalyzed reactions at solid surfaces; effect of particle size and efficiency of nanoparticles as catalysts. Enzyme catalysis, Michaelis-Menten mechanism, acid-base catalysis. (8 Lectures)

Unit 4: Surface Chemistry:

Physical adsorption, chemisorption, adsorption isotherms. nature of adsorbed state. (6 Lectures)

TEXT BOOKS

1. Peter Atkins & Julio De Paula, Physical Chemistry 9th Ed., Oxford University Press (2010). 2. Castellan, G. W. Physical Chemistry, 4th Ed., Narosa (2004). 3. Mortimer, R. G. Physical Chemistry 3rd Ed., Elsevier: NOIDA, UP (2009). 4. K. L. Kapoor, A Textbook of Physical chemistry, (volume-1, 2, and 3) Macmillan, India Ltd, 1994.

REFERENCES

1. McQuarrie, D. A. & Simon, J. D., Molecular Thermodynamics, Viva Books Pvt. Ltd.: New Delhi (2004). 2. Engel, T. & Reid, P. Physical Chemistry 3rd Ed., Prentice-Hall (2012). 3. Metz, C. R. Physical Chemistry 2nd Ed., Tata McGraw-Hill (2009). 4. Ball, D. W. Physical Chemistry Cengage India (2012). 5. S. Glasstone and D. Lewis, Elements of Physical Chemistry, Mac Milan& Co. Ltd, London, 1960. 6. D. V. S Jain and S. P. Jainhar, Physical chemistry – Principles and problems, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi, 1988. 7. S. H Maron and J. B. Lando, Fundamentals of Physical Chemistry, Macmillan, New York, 1974.

COURSE COURSE TITLE L T P Total C CODE L+T+P CHM1834 INORGANIC 0 0 4 4 2 QUANTITATIVE ESTIMATION INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES 1. To make the students acquire quantitative skills in volumetric analysis. 2. To gain knowledge about the neutralisation, redox and complexometric Titrations. 3. To educate the students on the various terminologies used for expressing the concentration of the solutions. 4. To enable the students to plan their experimental projects accordingly and execute them skillfully.

(A) Titrimetric Analysis (i) Calibration and use of apparatus (ii) Preparation of solutions of different Molarity/Normality of titrants

(B) Acid-Base Titrations (i) Estimation of carbonate and hydroxide present together in mixture. (ii) Estimation of carbonate and bicarbonate present together in a mixture. (iii) Estimation of free alkali present in different soaps/detergents

(C) Oxidation-Reduction Titrimetry (i) Estimation of Fe(II) and oxalic acid using standardized KMnO4 solution. (ii) Estimation of oxalic acid and sodium oxalate in a given mixture. (iii) Estimation of Fe(II) with K2Cr2O7 using internal (diphenylamine, anthranilic acid) and external indicator.

REFERENCES

1. Vogel, Textbook of Quantitative Inorganic Analysis, Longmann, 12th edition, 2011. 2. J. N. Gurtu and R. Kapoor, Advanced experimental Chemistry, S. Chand and Co. 6th edition, 2010. 3. V. Venkateswaran, R. Veerasamy and A. R. Kulandaivelu, Basic principles of Practical Chemistry, 2nd edition, New Delhi, Sultan Chand & sons, 1997.

COURSE COURSE TITLE L T P Total C CODE L+T+P CHMS1835 FOOD CHEMISTRY & 0 0 4 4 2 ANALYSIS INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES 1. To get a basic idea about the food Chemistry. 2. To provide the practical knowledge and training to students in characterizing the properties of food. 3. To familiarize the students on food chemistry and food poisons. 4. To acquire knowledge on food additives.

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS

1. Estimation of Nitrogen (protein) by Kjeldhal method. 2. Estimation of iodine value, acid value and RM value of edible oil. 3. Estimation of food colours (by colorimetric method). 4. Estimation of available carbondioxide in baking powder. 5. Isolation of caesein and lactose from milk. 6. Estimation of glycine. 7. Isolation of natural food colours – Soxhelet extraction of chlorophyll. 8. Isolation of caffeine from tea dust. 9. Detection of adulterants in food stuffs. 10. Estimation of ascorbic acid. 11. Estimation of glucose.

REFERENCES

1. N. S. Gnanapragasam, G. Ramamurthy, Organic Chemistry Lab Manual, S.Viswanathan printers and publishers Ltd., 2002. 2. H.K. Chopra, P.S.Panesar, Food Chemistry, Narosa Publishing House, 2010. 3. Thanlamma Jacob, Textbook of applied chemistry for home science and allied Science, MacMillan, 1976. 4. Lilian Hoagland Meyer, Food Chemistry, CBS Publishers & Distributors, 2004.

COURSE COURSE L T P TOTAL C CODE TITLE PHYA1836 ALLIED PHYSICS – I 4 0 0 4 4 INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES 1 To understand the fundamentals of Physics. 2 To give the basic understanding of material properties. 3 To educate and motivate the students in the field of science. 4 To acquire knowledge on magnetism and dielectrics.

UNIT - I: SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION AND CIRCULAR MOTION

Time period – Amplitude – Phase – Spring mass system – Simple pendulum –Composition of two simple harmonic motions of equal periods in a straight line and at right angles – Lissajous figures – Damping force – Damped harmonic oscillator – Uniform circular motion – Acceleration of a particle in a circle – Centripetal and centrifugal forces – Banking on curved roads.

UNIT - II: PROPERTIES OF MATTER

Elasticity and plasticity – Elastic constants – Bending of beams – Young’s modulus by non – Uniform bending – Torsion in a wire – Determination of rigidity modulus of torsion pendulum – Viscosity – Coefficient of viscosity – Stoke’s law – terminal velocity – Surface tension – Molecular theory of surface tension – Excess pressure inside a drop and bubble.

UNIT - III: HEAT AND THERMODYNAMICS

Kinetic theory of gases – Basic postulates – Ideal gas laws – Van Der Waal’s equation of states – Pressure of an ideal gas – Laws of thermodynamics – Entropy – change of entropy in reversible and irreversible processes – Low temperature – Joule – Kelvin effect – Theory and applications – Liquefaction of gases – Linde’s process – Adiabatic demagnetization.

UNIT - IV: ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM

Electric charge – Conservation of charge – Permittivity – Coulomb’s law – Electric field – Electric potential – Gauss’s law and its applications – Conductors – Dielectrics – Electric Current – Ohm’s law – Magnetic induction – Permeability – Susceptibility – Magnetic field due to a current carrying conductor – Biot Savart’s law – Field along the axis of a coil – Force on a conductor carrying current in a magnetic field – Ampere’s circuital law – Faraday’s law – Gradient – Curl and Divergence – EM waves.

UNIT - V: GEOMETRICAL OPTICS

Light and Optics – Fermat’s principle – Laws of reflection and refraction – Total internal reflection and its illustrations – Mirrors and lenses – Lens formula – Refraction through a prism – Combination of two prisms to produce dispersion without deviation and deviation without dispersion – Defects of images – Coma distortion – Spherical and chromatic aberration in lenses.

TEXT BOOKS

1. Resnick R. and Halliday D., Fundamentals of Physics, Wiley Publication, 8th Edition, 2011. 2. Sundaravelusamy A., Allied Physics I, Priya Publications, 2009.

REFERENCES

1. Naik P.V., Principles of Physics, PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd, 2006. 2. John Thiruvadigal D., Ponnusamy S., Sudha L. and Krishnamohan M., Physics for Technologists, Vibrant Publication, 2013. 3. Rajam J. B., Physics for Technologists, S. Chand, 1981. 4. Brijilal and Subramanian, Elements of Properties of Matter, S. Chand Limited, 2014 (Reprint).

COURSE COURSE L T P TOTAL C CODE TITLE ALLIED PHYSICS PHYA1837 LABORATORY–I 0 0 4 4 2 INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES 1 To acquire basic understanding of laboratory techniques. 2 To educate the basics of instrumentation, data acquisition and interpretation of results 3 To educate and motivate the students in the field of science 4 To allow the students to acquire knowledge of fundamentals of optics

List of Experiments:

1. Determination of Young’s Modulus– Uniform bending Method 2. Determination of Young’s Modulus– Non Uniform bending Method 3. Determination of Rigidity Modulus of a wire – Torsional pendulum 4. Determination of thermal conductivity of a bad conductor using Lee’s disc method 5. Calibration of Voltmeter using potentiometer 6. Calibration of Ammeter using potentiometer 7. Determination of magnetic susceptibility using Quincke’s Method 8. Determination of dispersive power of a prism using spectrometer 9. Determination of Cauchy’s constant using spectrometer

TEXT BOOKS

1. C.H. Bernard and C.D. Epp, John, Laboratory Experiments in College Physics, Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1995. 2. F.A. Jenkins and H.E. White, Fundamentals of Optics, 4th Ed., McGraw–Hill Book Co., 1981.

REFERENCES

1. G. L. Squires, Practical Physics, Fourth edition, Cambridge University Press, 2001. 2. D. Halliday, R. Resnick and J. Walker, Fundamentals of Physics, 6th Ed., John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 2001. 3. F.A. Jenkins and H.E. White, Fundamentals of Optics, 4th Ed., Reprint McGraw–Hill Book Co., 2007. 4. GeetaSanon, B. Sc., Practical Physics, 1st Edition. R. Chand & Co, 2007.

SEMESTER IV

COURSE COURSE TITLE L T P Total C CODE L+T+ P CHM1841 COORDINATION CHEMISTRY, 4 0 0 4 4 TRANSITION ELEMENTS, LANTHANOIDS AND ACTINOIDS, BIOINORGANIC CHEMISTRY

INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES 1. To impart knowledge about the coordination . 2. To understand the chemistry of transition elements.

3. To understand the chemistry of lanthanides and actinoids. 4. To understand the crystal structure of solids.

Unit 1: Coordination Chemistry

Werner’s theory, valence bond theory (inner and outer orbital complexes), electroneutrality principle and back bonding. Crystal field theory, measurement of 10 Dq (Δo), CFSE in weak and strong fields, pairing energies, factors affecting the magnitude of 10 Dq (Δo, Δt). Octahedral vs. tetrahedral coordination, tetragonal distortions from octahedral geometry Jahn-Teller theorem, square planar geometry. Qualitative aspect of Ligand field and MO Theory. IUPAC nomenclature of coordination compounds, isomerism in coordination compounds. Stereochemistry of complexes with 4 and 6 coordination numbers. Chelate effect, polynuclear complexes, Labile and inert complexes. (26 Lectures)

Unit 2: Transition Elements

General group trends with special reference to electronic configuration, colour, variable valency, magnetic and catalytic properties, ability to form complexes. Stability of various oxidation states and e.m.f. (Latimer & Bsworth diagrams). Difference between the first, second and third transition series. Chemistry of Ti, V, Cr Mn, Fe and Co in various oxidation states (excluding their metallurgy) (18 Lectures)

Unit 3: Lanthanides and Actinoids:

Electronic configuration, oxidation states, colour, spectral and magnetic properties, lanthanide contraction, separation of lanthanides (ion-exchange method only). (6 Lectures)

Unit 4: Bioinorganic Chemistry:

Metal ions present in biological systems, classification of elements according to their action in biological system. Geochemical effect on the distribution of metals. Sodium / K-pump, carbonic anhydrase and carboxypeptidase. Excess and deficiency of some trace metals. Toxicity of metal ions (Hg, Pb, Cd and As), reasons for toxicity, Use of chelating agents in medicine. Iron and its application in bio-systems, Haemoglobin; Storage and transfer of iron. (10 Lectures)

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Huheey, J.E., Inorganic Chemistry, Prentice Hall, 1993. 2. Lippard, S.J. & Berg, J.M. Principles of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Panima Publishing Company 1994. 3. Basolo, F, and Pearson, R.C., Mechanisms of Inorganic Chemistry, John Wiley & Sons, NY, 1967.

REFERENCES: 1. Purcell, K.F & Kotz, J.C. Inorganic Chemistry, W.B. Saunders Co, 1977. 2. Cotton, F.A. & Wilkinson, G, Advanced Inorganic Chemistry, Wiley-VCH, 1999 3. Greenwood, N.N. & Earnshaw A., Chemistry of the Elements, Butterworth-Heinemann, 1997.

COURSE COURSE TITLE L T P Total C CODE L+T+P CHM1842 FUNCTIONAL GROUPS IN 4 0 0 4 4 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY-II INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES 1. To gain knowledge about the nitrogen containing functional groups.

2. To learn about the polynuclear hydrocarbons.

3. To learn about the heterocyclic compounds.

4. To know the chemistry of natural products: Alkoids and Terpenes.

Unit 1: Nitrogen Containing Functional Groups Preparation and important reactions of nitro and compounds, nitriles and isonitriles Amines: Effect of substituent and solvent on basicity; Preparation and properties: Gabriel phthalimide synthesis, Carbylamine reaction, Mannich reaction, Hoffmann’s exhaustive methylation, Hofmann-elimination reaction; Distinction between 1°, 2° and 3° amines with Hinsberg reagent and nitrous acid. Diazonium Salts: Preparation and their synthetic applications. (18 Lectures)

Unit 2: Polynuclear Hydrocarbons

Reactions of naphthalene phenanthrene and anthracene Structure, Preparation and structure elucidation and important derivatives of naphthalene and anthracene; Polynuclear hydrocarbons. (8 Lectures)

Unit 3: Heterocyclic Compounds

Classification and nomenclature, Structure, aromaticity in 5-numbered and 6-membered rings containing one heteroatom; Synthesis, reactions and mechanism of substitution reactions of: Furan, Pyrrole (Paal-Knorr synthesis, Knorr pyrrole synthesis, Hantzsch synthesis), Thiophene, Pyridine (Hantzsch synthesis), Pyrimidine, Structure elucidation of indole, Fischer indole synthesis and Madelung synthesis), Structure elucidation of quinoline and isoquinoline, Skraup synthesis, Friedlander’s synthesis, Knorr quinoline synthesis, Doebner- Miller synthesis, Bischler-Napieralski reaction, Pictet-Spengler reaction, Pomeranz-Fritsch reaction, Derivatives of furan: Furfural and furoic acid. (22 Lectures)

Unit 4: Alkaloids

Natural occurrence, General structural features, Isolation and their physiological action Hoffmann’s exhaustive methylation, Emde’s modification, Structure elucidation and synthesis of Hygrine and Nicotine. Medicinal importance of Nicotine, Hygrine, Quinine, Morphine, Cocaine, and Reserpine. (6 Lectures)

Unit 5: Terpenes Occurrence, classification, isoprene rule; Elucidation of stucture and synthesis of Citral, Neral and α-terpineol. (6 Lectures)

TEXT BOOKS

1. Kalsi, P. S. Textbook of Organic Chemistry 1st Ed., New Age International (P) Ltd. Pub. 2. Clayden, J.; Greeves, N.; Warren, S.; Wothers, P.; Organic Chemistry, Oxford University Press. 3. Acheson, R.M. Introduction to the Chemistry of Heterocyclic compounds, John Welly & Sons (1976). 4. Graham Solomons, T.W. Organic Chemistry, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

REFERENCES

1. Morrison, R. T. & Boyd, R. N. Organic Chemistry, Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd. (Pearson Education). 2. Finar, I. L. Organic Chemistry (Volume 1), Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd. (Pearson Education). 3. Finar, I. L. Organic Chemistry (Volume 2: Stereochemistry and the Chemistry of Natural Products), Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd. (Pearson Education). 4. Singh, J.; Ali, S.M. & Singh, J. Natural Product Chemistry, Prajati Parakashan (2010).

COURSE COURSE TITLE L T P Total C CODE L+T+P CHM1843 ELECTROCHEMISTRY 4 0 0 4 4 INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES 1. To gain knowledge about conductance in solutions.

2. To learn about electrochemistry. 3. To learn about the electric properties of atoms. 4. To learn about the magnetic properties of atoms.

Unit 1: Conductance

Arrhenius theory of electrolytic dissociation. Conductivity, equivalent and molar conductivity and their variation with dilution for weak and strong electrolytes. Molar conductivity at infinite dilution. Kohlrausch law of independent migration of ions. Debye-Hückel-Onsager equation, Wien effect, Debye-Falkenhagen effect, Walden’s rules.

Ionic velocities, mobilities and their determinations, transference numbers and their relation to ionic mobilities, determination of transference numbers using Hittorf and Moving Boundary methods. Applications of conductance measurement: (i) degree of dissociation of weak electrolytes, (ii) ionic product of water (iii) solubility and solubility product of sparingly soluble salts, (iv) conductometric titrations, and (v) hydrolysis constants of salts. (20 Lectures)

Unit 2: Electrochemistry

Quantitative aspects of Faraday’s laws of electrolysis, rules of oxidation/reduction of ions based on half-cell potentials, applications of electrolysis in metallurgy and industry.

Chemical cells, reversible and irreversible cells with examples. Electromotive force of a cell and its measurement, Nernst equation; Standard electrode (reduction) potential and its application to different kinds of half-cells. Application of EMF measurements in determining (i) free energy, enthalpy and entropy of a cell reaction, (ii) equilibrium constants, and (iii) pH values, using hydrogen, quinone-hydroquinone, glass and SbO/Sb2O3 electrodes.

Concentration cells with and without transference, liquid junction potential; determination of activity coefficients and transference numbers. Qualitative discussion of potentiometric titrations (acid-base, redox, precipitation). (28 Lectures)

Unit 3: Electrical & Magnetic Properties of Atoms and Molecules

Basic ideas of electrostatics, Electrostatics of dielectric media, Clausius-Mosotti equation, Lorenz-Laurentz equation, Dipole moment and molecular polarizabilities and their measurements. Diamagnetism, paramagnetism, magnetic susceptibility and its measurement, molecular interpretation. (12 Lectures)

TEXT BOOKS

1. Peter Atkins & Julio De Paula, Physical Chemistry 9th Ed., Oxford University Press (2010). 2. Castellan, G. W. Physical Chemistry, 4th Ed., Narosa (2004). 3. Mortimer, R. G. Physical Chemistry 3rd Ed., Elsevier: NOIDA, UP (2009). 4. K. L. Kapoor, A Textbook of Physical chemistry, (volume-1, 2, and 3) Macmillan, India Ltd, 1994. 5. Barrow, G. M., Physical Chemistry 5th Ed., Tata McGraw Hill: New Delhi (2006).

REFERENCES

1. Rogers, D. W. Concise Physical Chemistry Wiley (2010). 2. Engel, T. & Reid, P. Physical Chemistry 3rd Ed., Prentice-Hall (2012). 3. Metz, C. R. Physical Chemistry 2nd Ed., Tata McGraw-Hill (2009). 8. Ball, D. W. Physical Chemistry Cengage India (2012). 4. S. Glasstone and D. Lewis, Elements of Physical Chemistry, Mac Milan& Co. Ltd, London, 1960.57. 5. Silbey, R. J.; Alberty, R. A. & Bawendi, M. G. Physical Chemistry 4th Ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc. (2005).

COURSE COURSE TITLE L T P Total C CODE L+T+ P CHM1844 LABORATORY COURSE ON 0 0 4 4 2 METHODS AND SYNTHESIS IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES 1. To learn qualitative analysis of organic functional groups.

2. To learn various purification techniques in organic chemistry.

3. To learn synthesis of organic chemistry.

4. To learn to work with models to understand stereochemistry.

1. Qualitative organic functional group analysis - tests for alcohols, phenols, amines, carbonyls, carboxylic acids and nitro compounds. 2. Preparation of organic compounds: Dibenzylidene acetone, Aromatic sulphonation, Nitration of acetanilide, Bromination of acetanilide (Green Synthesis) 3. Purification techniques: recrystallization, sublimation, distillation and steam distillation. 4. Thin layer chromatography, column chromatography& paper chromatography. 5. Preparation of soap - saponification. 6. Preparation of methyl orange and aspirin. 7. Specific rotation of chiral compounds (sugars) using a polarimeter. 8. Plotting of molecular orbitals of aromatic compounds and conjugated systems. 9. Conformational analysis – butane and substituted butanes, cyclohexane and di-substituted cyclohexane with stress on cis and trans isomerism. 10. Molecular modelling: a) Stereo-chemistry: R-S configuration. b) Modeling on hybridization, geometry of some organic & inorganic compounds.

COURSE COURSE TITLE L T P Total C CODE L+T+ P CHMS1845 PHARMACEUTICAL 3 0 0 3 3 CHEMISTRY INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES 1. To learn the fundamentals of drug properties.

2. To understand the clinical and biochemical analysis.

3. To learn the properties of common drugs.

4. To learn the causes and treatment for various critical diseases.

UNIT –I: General Pharmaceutical Terms and Common Diseases

Definition of the following terms: Drug- pharmacophore- pharmacologypharmacopeia- bacteria- virus- chemotherapy and vaccine. First aid for accidents - antidotes for poisoning. Causes- symptoms and drug for jaundicecholera-malaria and filaria. Causes and treatment of cancer and AIDS. (12 Lectures)

UNIT - II: Antibacterials and Antibiotics

Antibacterials: Sulpha drugs-examples and actions-prontosilsulphathiazole-sulphafurazole. Antibiotics-Definition and action of penicillin- streptomycin-chloramphenicol - SAR of chloramphenicol only. Antiseptics and disinfectants - definition and distinction-phenolic compounds-chloro compounds and cationic surfactant. (12 Lectures)

UNIT - III: Enzymes

Classification- specificity- cofactor-coenzyme- ATP- mechanism of enzyme action and immobilisation of enzymes. (12 Lectures)

UNIT - IV: Analgesics and Related Drugs

Analgesics- Antipyretics and anti-inflammatory agents : Definition and actions - narcotic and non-narcotic- morphine and its derivatives- pethidine and methodonesalicylic derivative- paracetamol- ibuprofen - disadvantages and uses. (12 Lectures)

UNIT –V: Anaesthetics and Related Drugs

Anaesthetics – definition-local and general - volatile nitrous oxide, ether, Chloroform, cyclo propane- trichloroethylene - uses and disadvantages. Drugs affecting CNS - Definition, distinction and examples for tranquilizers, sedatives, hypnotics, psychedelic drugs - LSD Hashish- their effects. (12 Lectures)

TEXT BOOKS

1. Jayashree Ghosh, A Text Book of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, S.Chand and Co. Ltd, 1999. 2. S.C. Rastogi, Biochemistry, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Co, 1993.

REFERENCES

1. O.Le.Roy, Natural and synthetic organic medicinal compounds, Ealemi, 1976. 2. R.S. Satoskar, Pharmacology and Pharmatherapeutics, Popular Prakashan, Vol.I and Vol II, 1973. 3. O.Kleiner and J.Martin, Bio-Chemistry, Prentice-Hall of India (P) Ltd, New Delhi, 1974. 4. Ashutosh Kar ,Medicinal Chemistry, Wiley Eastern Limited, New Delhi, 1993.

COURSE COURSE L T P TOTAL C CODE TITLE PHYA1846 ALLIED PHYSICS – II 4 0 0 4 4 INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES: At the end of this course the learner is expected

1 To understand the fundamentals of physics 2 To emphasize the significance of Green technology and its applications 3 To understand the structural, optical, nuclear and electronic properties of solids 4 To acquire knowledge on elementary ideas of integrated circuits

UNIT - I: RENEWABLE ENERGY PHYSICS

Sources of conventional energy – Need for non – Conventional energy – Resources – Solar energy – Solar cells and its applications – Wind energy – Generation and applications – Bio mass energy – Generation and applications – Geothermal energy – Generation – Applications – Tidal energy – Generation and applications.

UNIT - II: MODERN PHYSICS

Atomic structure – Alpha, beta and gamma radiation – Law of radioactive decay – Decay constant – Half life – Mean life – Nuclear energy – Mass defect – Binding energy – Fission and fusion – Biological effects of radiation – Black body radiation – Planck’s quantum hypothesis – Photoelectric effect – Compton effect – De Broglie equation – Uncertainty principle.

UNIT - III: WAVE AND FIBRE OPTICS

Wave nature of light – Huygens’s principle – Interference – Young’s double slit experiment – Coherence – Interference from thin films – Michelson’s interferometer. Diffraction – Wave theory of light – Single slit experiment – Diffraction grating – Polarization – Fiber optics – Propagation of light in optical fiber – Acceptance angle – Numerical aperture – Attenuation – Types of optical fibers and its Applications.

UNIT - IV: CRYSTAL PHYSICS

Space lattice – Basis – Unit Cell – Lattice parameters – Two dimensional and three dimensional Bravais lattices and Crystal systems – Cubic crystal system – Crystal symmetry – Reciprocal lattice and its importance – Density and atomic packing fraction – Directions – Planes and Miller indices – Interplanar distance – Hexagonal Closely Packed (HCP) structure – Crystal imperfections – X ray diffraction – Laue method – Single crystal and powder diffraction.

UNIT - V: ELECTRONICS

Basic Electronics – P and N type semiconductors – Junction Diode and their characteristics – Half wave – Full wave rectifiers – Voltage regulations – Zener diode – Junction transistor – PNP – Digital electronics – AND, OR, NOT gates – NAND and NOR as universal building Blocks – Boolean algebra – Laws of Boolean algebra – De Morgan’s theorem, basics of integrated circuit (IC). TEXT BOOKS

1. Kittel C., Introduction to Solid State Physics, 8th Edition, Wiley Eastern Ltd, 2005. 2. Malvino and Leach, Digital Principles & their Applications, Tata McGraw Hill, 2010.

REFERENCES

1. Jha A.K., Textbook of Applied Physics, International Publishing House Pvt. Ltd, 2011. 2. Mansi Karkare and RajniBahuguna, Applied Physics, Volume – II International Publishing House Pvt. Ltd, 2010. 3. Tasneem Abbasi, Abbasi S. A, Renewable Energy Sources: Their Impact on Global Warming and Pollution, PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd. 2013. 4. Thyagarajan K. and Ajay Ghatak, Introduction to Fiber Optics, Cambridge, University Press, 1998.

COURSE COURSE L T P TOTAL C CODE TITLE ALLIED PHYSICS PHYA1847 LABORATORY–II 0 0 4 4 2 INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES: 1 To familiarized with the concept of material properties 2 To educate the basics of instrumentation, data acquisition and analysis 3 To understand the optical and electronic properties of solids through experimentations 4 To understand the instrumentation of electronics experiments

List of Experiments:

1. Study the I–V Characteristic of a Solar Cell 2. Determination of wire thickness using air wedge experiment. 3. Study of attenuation and propagation characteristics of optical fiber cable 4. Band gap determination using Post Office Box – Specific resistance 5. Band gap determination using Four Probe Method. 6. Dielectric constant Measurement 7. Hall effect– Hall coefficient determination 8. Determination of regulation properties of a given power supply using a integrated circuit (IC) 9. Construction of AND, OR, NOT gates using diodes, resistors and Transistors

TEXT BOOKS

1. S.O. Kasap, Principles of Electronic Materials and Devices, Tata McGraw Hill Edition, 2002 2. Thiruvadigal, J. D., Ponnusamy, S. and C.P.Kala and Krishna Mohan.M., Materials Science, Vibrant Publications, 2012.

REFERENCES

1. C.Ouseph, K.Rangarajan,A Text Book of Practical Physics, Volume I,II,S.Viswanathan Publishers,1997 2. Chauhan and Singh, Advanced Practical Physics, Revised Edition, PragatiPrakashan, 1985. 3. Van Vlack, L.H., Material Science for Engineers, 6th Edition, .Addison Wesley, 1985 4. Callister, Jr. W.D., Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction, Seventh Edition, 2007.

SEMESTER V

COURSE COURSE TITLE L T P Total C CODE L+T+P CHM1851 CHEMISTRY OF 4 0 0 4 4 BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES 1. To know the chemistry of nucleic acids.

2. To understand the chemistry of formation of proteins.

3. To understand basics of enzymes, lipids and energy in biosystems.

4. To study few pharmaceutical compounds.

Unit 1: Nucleic Acids

Components of nucleic acids, Nucleosides and nucleotides; Structure, synthesis and reactions of: Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Uracil and Thymine; Structure of polynucleotides. (9 Lectures)

Unit 2: Amino Acids, Peptides and Proteins

Amino acids, Peptides and their classification. α-Amino Acids - Synthesis, ionic properties and reactions. Zwitterions, pKa values, isoelectric point and electrophoresis; Study of peptides: determination of their primary structures-end group analysis, methods of peptide synthesis. Synthesis of peptides using N-protecting, C-protecting and C-activating groups -Solid-phase synthesis. (16 Lectures)

Unit 3: Enzymes

Introduction, classification and characteristics of enzymes. Salient features of active site of enzymes. Mechanism of enzyme action (taking trypsin as example), factors affecting enzyme action, coenzymes and cofactors and their role in biological reactions, specificity of enzyme action (including stereospecificity), enzyme inhibitors and their importance, phenomenon of inhibition (competitive, uncompetitive and non-competitive inhibition including allosteric inhibition). (8 Lectures)

Unit 4: Lipids

Introduction to oils and fats; common fatty acids present in oils and fats, Hydrogenntion of fats and oils, Saponification value, acid value, iodine number. Reversion and rancidity. (8 Lectures)

Unit 5: Concept of Energy in Biosystems

Cells obtain energy by the oxidation of foodstuff (organic molecules). Introduction to metabolism (catabolism, anabolism). ATP: The universal currency of cellular energy, ATP hydrolysis and free energy change. Agents for transfer of electrons in biological redox systems: NAD+, FAD. Conversion of food to energy: Outline of catabolic pathways of carbohydrate- glycolysis, fermentation, Krebs cycle. Overview of catabolic pathways of fat and protein. Interrelationship in the metabolic pathways of protein, fat and carbohydrate. Caloric value of food, standard caloric content of food types. (7 Lectures)

Unit 6: Pharmaceutical Compounds: Structure and Importance

Classification, structure and therapeutic uses of antipyretics: Paracetamol (with synthesis), Analgesics: Ibuprofen (with synthesis), Antimalarials: Chloroquine (with synthesis). An elementary treatment of Antibiotics and detailed study of chloramphenicol, Medicinal values of curcumin (haldi), azadirachtin (neem), vitamin C and antacid (ranitidine). (12 Lectures)

TEXT BOOKS 1. I L Finar, Organic Chemistry - Volume II, 5th ed. ELBS, 1973. 2. J D Rawn, Biochemistry, Neil Patterson Publishers, International edition, 1989. 3. A White, P Handler and Smith E L, Principles of Biochemistry, Volume I, 7th ed. McGraw Hill, 1978. 4. Conn and Stump F, Principles of Biochemistry, 4th ed. Wiley Eastern Ltd., 1983. 5. Ranganatha Rao K, A Text book of Biochemistry, 2nd ed. , Prentice Hall, India, 1980.

REFERENCES

1. Berg, J.M., Tymoczko, J. L. and Stryer, L. (2006) Biochemistry. VIth Edition. W.H. Freeman and Co… 2. Nelson, D.L., Cox, M.M. and Lehninger, A.L. (2009) Principles of Biochemistry. IV Edition. W.H. Freeman and Co… 3. Murray, R.K., Granner, D.K., Mayes, P.A. and Rodwell, V.W. (2009). Harper’s Illustrated Biochemistry, XXVIII edition. Lange Medical Books/ McGraw-Hill. 4. Zubay, Biochemistry, Addision-Wesley publishing Company, 1983.

COURSE COURSE TITLE L T P Total C CODE L+T+P CHM1852 QUANTUM CHEMISTRY, 4 0 0 4 4 MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY, PHOTOCHEMSITRY INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES 1. To gain knowledge into the theoretical aspects of chemistry.

2. Introduction into the world of quantum mechanics.

3. To understand the theory behind spectroscopy.

4. To learn theory behind photochemistry.

Unit 1: Quantum Chemistry

Postulates of quantum mechanics, quantum mechanical operators, Schrödinger equation and its application to free particle and “particle-in-a-box” (rigorous treatment), quantization of energy levels, zero-point energy and Heisenberg Uncertainty principle; wave functions, probability distribution functions, nodal properties, Extension to two and three dimensional boxes, separation of variables, degeneracy. Qualitative treatment of simple harmonic oscillator model of vibrational motion: Setting up of Schrödinger equation and discussion of solution and wavefunctions. Vibrational energy of diatomic molecules and zero-point energy. Angular momentum: Commutation rules, quantization of square of total angular momentum and z-component. Rigid rotator model of rotation of diatomic molecule. Schrödinger equation, transformation to spherical polar coordinates. Separation of variables. Spherical harmonics. Discussion of solution. Qualitative treatment of hydrogen atom and hydrogen-like ions: setting up of Schrödinger equation in spherical polar coordinates, radial part, quantization of energy (only final energy expression). Average and most probable distances of electron from nucleus. Setting up of Schrödinger equation for many-electron atoms (He, Li). Need for approximation methods. Statement of variation theorem and application to simple systems (particle-in-a-box, harmonic oscillator, hydrogen atom).

Chemical bonding: Covalent bonding, valence bond and molecular orbital approaches, + LCAO-MO treatment of H2 . Bonding and antibonding orbitals. Qualitative extension to H2. Comparison of LCAO-MO and VB treatments of H2 (only wavefunctions, detailed solution not required) and their limitations. Refinements of the two approaches (Configuration Interaction for MO, ionic terms in VB). Qualitative description of LCAO-MO treatment of homonuclear and heteronuclear diatomic molecules (HF, LiH). Localised and non-localised molecular orbitals treatment of triatomic (BeH2, H2O) molecules. Qualitative MO theory and its application to AH2 type molecules. (24 Lectures)

Unit 2: Molecular Spectroscopy

Interaction of electromagnetic radiation with molecules and various types of spectra; Born- Oppenheimer approximation. Rotation spectroscopy: Selection rules, intensities of spectral lines, determination of bond lengths of diatomic and linear triatomic molecules, isotopic substitution. Vibrational spectroscopy: Classical equation of vibration, computation of force constant, amplitude of diatomic molecular vibrations, anharmonicity, Morse potential, dissociation energies, fundamental frequencies, overtones, hot bands, degrees of freedom for polyatomic molecules, modes of vibration, concept of group frequencies. Vibration-rotation spectroscopy: diatomic vibrating rotator, P, Q, R branches. Raman spectroscopy: Qualitative treatment of Rotational Raman effect; Effect of nuclear spin, Vibrational Raman spectra, Stokes and anti-Stokes lines; their intensity difference, rule of mutual exclusion. Electronic spectroscopy: Franck-Condon principle, electronic transitions, singlet and triplet states, fluorescence and phosphorescence, dissociation and predissociation, calculation of electronic transitions of polyenes using free electron model. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy: Principles of NMR spectroscopy, Larmor precession, chemical shift and low resolution spectra, different scales, spin-spin coupling and high resolution spectra, interpretation of PMR spectra of organic molecules. Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) spectroscopy: Its principle, hyperfine structure, ESR of simple radicals. (24 Lectures)

Unit 3: Photochemistry

Characteristics of electromagnetic radiation, Lambert-Beer’s law and its limitations, physical significance of absorption coefficients. Laws, of photochemistry, quantum yield, actinometry, examples of low and high quantum yields, photochemical equilibrium and the differential rate of photochemical reactions, photosensitised reactions, quenching. Role of photochemical reactions in biochemical processes, photostationary states, chemiluminescence. (12 Lectures)

TEXT BOOKS

1. Banwell, C. N. & McCash, E. M. Fundamentals of Molecular Spectroscopy, 4th Ed. Tata McGraw-Hill: New Delhi (2006). 2. Chandra, A. K. Introductory Quantum Chemistry,Tata McGraw-Hill (2001). 3. Lowe, J. P. & Peterson, K. Quantum Chemistry, Academic Press (2005).

REFERENCES

1. House, J. E. Fundamentals of Quantum Chemistry, 2nd Ed. Elsevier: USA (2004). 2. Kakkar, R. Atomic & Molecular Spectroscopy, Cambridge University Press (2015). 3. McQuarrie, D. A. & Simon, J. D. Molecular Thermodynamics, Viva Books Pvt. Ltd.: New Delhi (2004).

COURSE COURSE TITLE L T P Total C CODE L+T+ P CHM1853 DYNAMIC ASPECTS OF 4 0 0 4 4 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES 1. To gain knowledge into the types of organic reactions and intermediates involved.

2. Introduction to pericyclic reactions.

3. To get deeper understanding over various organic reactions and rearrangement mechanisms.

4. To learn about Hammet equations.

Unit 1: Types of Organic Reactions

Ionic, free radical, concerted and non-concerted reactions - kinetic and thermodynamic control; Experimental methods used for determining the mechanism of organic reactions. (6 Lectures)

Unit 2: Reactive Intermediates

Generation, detection, structure, stability and reactions of Carbocations, Nitrenes, Carbanions, Carbenes, and Arynes. (8 Lectures)

Unit 3: Pericyclic Reactions

Introduction, illustrative examples of electrocyclic reactions, cycloadditions and sigmatropic rearrangements; Frontier molecular orbital approach for understanding pericyclic reactions; [2+2] thermal reactions. (8 Lectures)

Unit 4: Mechanisms

Acetal and ketal formation. mechanisms of Perkin, Knoevenagel reactions and Darzen’s condensation, Enamines – synthetic applications, Umplong effect – its applications in different synthetic reactions; mechanisms of ester hydrolysis – AAc1, AAc2, AAl1, AAl2, BAc1, BAc2, BAl1, BAl2. (10 Lectures)

Unit 5: Addition to Double Bond Mechanism and stereochemistry, nucleophilic addition to conjugated double bonds – Michael reaction. (4 Lectures)

Unit 6: Elimination Reactions E1, E2 and E1cb mechanisms. (8 Lectures)

Linear Free Energy Relationship Quantitative approach – Hammett equation – reaction constant and substituent constant. (4 Lectures)

Molecular Rearrangements

Beckmann, Hoffmann, Schidmt, Lossen, Wagner-Meerwin, Pinacol-Pinacolone and Baeyer- Villiger (mechanisms and applications) (6 Lectures)

Hetero Aromatic Compounds

General characteristics and substitution reactions of furan, pyrrole, thiophene and pyridine. (6 Lectures)

TEXT BOOKS

1. Peter Sykes, A Guide book to mechanisms in organic chemistry, 6th ed. Orient Longman, 1981. 2. J. March, Advanced Organic Chemistry, 4rd ed. Wiley India Pvt. Ltd., 2010. 3. Ian Fleming, Pericyclic Reactions, 2nd ed. Oxford Chemistry Primers, 2015. 4. Raj K Bansal, Heterocyclic Chemistry, 5th ed. New Age International Publishers, 2017. 5. V K Ahluwalia and Rakesh K Parashar, Organic Reaction Mechanisms, 4th ed. Narosa Publications, 2010.

REFERENCES

1. R O C Norman and James M Coxon, Principles of Organic Synthesis, 3rd ed. CRC Press, 1993. 2. Clayden, Greeves, Warren and Wothers, Organic Chemistry, 2nd ed. Oxford, 2015. 3. J.A. Joule and G.F. Smith, Heterocyclic Chemistry, 2nd ed., ELBS,1986 4. F Carey and R J Sundberg, Advanced Organic Chemistry Part-B, 5th ed. Springer, 2007. 5. Ralph J Fessenden and Joah S Fessenden, Organic Chemistry, 5th ed. Brookscole, 1994.

COURSE COURSE TITLE L T P Total C CODE L+T+ P CHM1854 GREEN CHEMISTRY 4 0 0 4 4 INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES 1. To learn the principles of Green Chemistry. 2. To understand the microwave mediated organic synthesis. 3. To gain knowledge about ionic liquids and phase transfer catalysts

4. To gain knowledge about green solvents and green catalysts.

Unit 1: Introduction to Green Chemistry

What is Green Chemistry? Need for Green Chemistry. Goals of Green Chemistry. Limitations/ Obstacles in the pursuit of the goals of Green Chemistry. (4 Lectures)

Unit 2: Principles of Green Chemistry and Designing a Chemical synthesis

Twelve principles of Green Chemistry with their explanations and examples; Designing a Green Synthesis using these principles; Prevention of Waste/ byproducts; maximum incorporation of the materials used in the process into the final products (Atom Economy); prevention/ minimization of hazardous/ toxic products; designing safer chemicals – different basic approaches to do so; selection of appropriate auxiliary substances (solvents, separation agents), green solvents, solventless processes, immobilized solvents and ionic liquids; energy requirements for reactions - use of microwaves, ultrasonic energy; selection of starting materials; avoidance of unnecessary derivatization – careful use of blocking/protecting groups; use of catalytic reagents (wherever possible) in preference to stoichiometric reagents; designing of biodegradable products; prevention of chemical accidents; strengthening/ development of analytical techniques to prevent and minimize the generation of hazardous substances in chemical processes. (24 Lectures)

Unit 3: Examples of Green Synthesis/ Reactions

1. Green Synthesis of the following compounds: adipic acid, catechol, BHT, methyl methacrylate, urethane, aromatic amines (4-aminodiphenylamine), benzyl bromide, acetaldehyde, disodium iminodiacetate (alternative to Strecker synthesis), citral, ibuprofen, paracetamol, furfural.

2. Microwave assisted reactions in water: Hofmann Elimination, Hydrolysis (of benzyl chloride, benzamide, n-phenyl benzamide, methylbenzoate to benzole acid), Oxidation (of toluene, alcohols). Microwave assisted reactions in organic solvents: Esterification, Fries rearrangement, Orthoester Claisen Rearrangement, Diels-Alder Reaction, Decarboxylation.

Microwave assisted solid state reactions: Deacetylation, Deprotection. Saponification of esters, Alkylation of reactive methylene compounds, reductions, synthesis of nitriles from aldehydes; anhydrides from dicarboxylic acid; pyrimidine and pyridine derivatives; 1,2- dihydrotriazine derivatives; benzimidazoles. 3. Ultrasound assisted reactions: Esterification, saponification, substitution reactions, Alkylations, oxidation, reduction, coupling reaction, Cannizaro reaction, Strecker synthesis, Reformatsky reaction.

4. Selective methylation of active methylene group using dimethylcarbonate: Solid-state polymerization of amorphous polymers using diphenylcarbonate; Use of “Clayan”, a nonmetallic oxidative reagent for various reactions; Free Radical Bromination; Role of Tellurium in organic syntheses; Biocatalysis in organic syntheses. (24 Lectures)

Unit 4: Future Trends in Green Chemistry

Oxidation reagents and catalysts; Biomimetic, multifunctional reagents; Combinatorial green chemistry; Proliferation of solventless reactions; noncovalent derivatization; Green chemistry in sustainable development. (8 Lectures)

TEXT BOOKS

1. P.T. Anastas & J.K. Warner: Oxford Green Chemistry- Theory and Practical, University Press 1998. 2. V.K. Ahluwalia, Green Chemistry – Environmentally benign reactions. Ane Books, India, 2006. 3. Paul T. Anastas & Tracy C.., Williamson, Green Chemistry – Designing Chemistry for the Environment, 2nd edition, 1998.

REFERENCES

4. V.K. Ahluwalia & M.R. Kidwai: New Trends in Green Chemistry, Anamalaya Publishers 2005. 5. M.A. Ryan & M. Tinnesand, Introduction to Green Chemistry, American Chemical Society, Washington (2002). 6. P. Tundo, A. Perosa and F. Zechini , Methods and Reagents for Green Chemistry, John Wiley & Sons Inc. New Jersy, 2007.

COURSE COURSE TITLE L T P Total C CODE L+T+P CHM1854 LABORATORY COURSE ON 0 0 4 4 2 GREEN CHEMISTRY INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES 1. To learn the principles of Green Chemistry. 2. To understand the microwave mediated organic synthesis. 3. To gain knowledge about ionic liquids and phase transfer catalysts

4. To gain knowledge about green solvents and green catalysts.

1. Safer starting materials

The Vitamin C clock reaction using Vitamin C tablets, tincture of iodine, hydrogen peroxide and liquid laundry starch.  Effect of concentration on clock reaction  Effect of temperature on clock reaction. (if possible)

2. Using renewable resources

Preparation of biodiesel from vegetable oil.

3. Avoiding waste

Principle of atom economy. Use of molecular model kit to stimulate the reaction to investigate how the atom economy can illustrate Green Chemistry.

Preparation of propene by two methods can be studied

(I) Triethylamine ion + OH- → propene + trimethylpropene + water

(II) 1-propanol + H2SO4/Δ propene + water

The other types of reactions, like addition, elimination, substitution and rearrangement should also be studied for the calculation of atom economy.

4. Use of enzymes as catalysts

Benzoin condensation using Thiamine Hydrochloride as a catalyst instead of cyanide

Alternative Green solvents

5. Diels Alder reaction in water

Reaction between furan and maleic acid in water and at room temperature rather than in benzene and reflux.

6. Extraction of D-limonene from orange peel using liquid CO2 prepared form dry ice.

7. Mechanochemical solvent free synthesis of azomethines

8. Co-crystal controlled solid state synthesis (C2S3) of N-organophthalimide using phthalic anhydride and 3-aminobenzoic acid.

Alternative sources of energy

9. Solvent free, microwave assisted one pot synthesis of phthalocyanine complex of copper (II).

10. Photoreduction of benzophenone to benzopinacol in the presence of sunlight.

REFERENCES

1. Anastas, P.T & Warner, J.C. Green Chemistry: Theory and Practice, Oxford University Press (1998). 2. Kirchoff, M. & Ryan, M.A. Greener approaches to undergraduate chemistry experiment. American Chemical Society, Washington DC (2002). 3. Ryan, M.A. Introduction to Green Chemistry, Tinnesand; (Ed), American Chemical Society, Washington DC (2002). 4. Sharma, R.K.; Sidhwani, I.T. & Chaudhari, M.K. I.K. Green Chemistry Experiment: A monograph International Publishing House Pvt Ltd. New Delhi. Bangalore CISBN 978-93- 81141-55-7 (2013). 7. Pavia, D. L. Lampman, G. H. & Kriz, G.S. W B Introduction to organic laboratory

COURSE COURSE TITLE L T P Total C CODE L+T+P CHM1856 LABORATORY 0 0 4 4 2 COURSE IN INORGANIC AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES 1. To enable the students acquire the quantitative skills in gravimetric analysis.

2. To develop preparative skills in inorganic preparations.

3. To enable the students to understand the basics of complex formation of inorganic compounds.

4. To enable the students to plan their experimental projects accordingly and execute them skillfully.

GRAVIMETRIC ANALYSIS

1. Estimation of Lead as lead chromate. 2. Estimation of Barium as barium chromate. 3. Estimation of Nickel as Nickel - DMG complex. 4. Estimation of Copper as copper (I) thiocyanate. 5. Estimation of Magnesium as magnesium oxinate. 6. Estimation of Barium as barium sulphate.

PREPARATION OF INORGANIC COMPOUNDS

1. Preparation of Prussian Blue. 2. Preparation of Tetrammine Copper(II) sulphate tetrahydrate. 3. Preparation of Tristhiourea copper (II) sulphate dehydrate. 4. Preparation of Potassium trioxalato ferrte (II). 5. Preparation of CuCl2.

REFERENCES

1. V.Venkateswaran, R.Veerasamy, A.R.Kulandaivelu, Basic principles of Practical Chemistry, 2nd edition, New Delhi, Sultan Chand & sons, 1997. 2. Sundaram, Krishnan, Raghavan, Practical Chemistry, (Part III) S.Viswanathan Co. Pvt, 1996 3. Vogel’s, Text Book of Quantitative Chemical Analysis. 5th edition, ELBS/Longman England, 1989. 4. N.S. Gnanapragasam and G. Ramamurthy, Organic Chemistry – Lab manual, S. Viswanathan Co. Pvt., 1998. COURSE COURSE TITLE L T P Total C CODE L+T+P CHM1856 LABORATORY 0 0 4 4 2 COURSE IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY AND BIOCHEMISTRY INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES 1. To enable the students acquire the skills in synthetic organic chemistry.

2. To develop skills to control thermodynamic vs kinetic formation of products. 3. To enable students to use comples laboratory techniques. 4. To learn to analyse carbohydrates and proteins from natural sources.

1. Preparation of 9, 10-Dihydroanthracene- 9, 10 endo-α,β succinic anhydride. 2. An experiment involving Beckmann rearrangement - rearrangement of benzophenoneoxime. 3. Preparation of enamines and their reaction - preparation of 2- acetyl cyclohexanone. 4. Michael addition reaction - Aniline and maleic anhydride. 5. Hoffmann rearrangement experiment -synthesis of benzanilide. 6. Preparation of a ketal using Dean-Stark apparatus. 7. Phase transfer catalysis : Addition of dichlorocarbene to cylcohexene 8. Kinetic and thermodynamic control of reaction pathways : study of the competitive semicarbazone formation from cyclohexanone and furfural. 9. Preparation of 7-hydroxy 4-methyl-coumarin.using sulphamic acid as a solid catalyst. 10. Claisen Schmidt condensation : Green synthesis of chalcones by grinding 11. Preparation of allyl caproate (pineapple essence). 12. Construction of models to observe the symmetry of reactants and products of electrocyclic reactions. 13. To estimate the percentage of reducing sugar and total reducing sugar in jaggery by Fehlind - Soxhlet method. 14. Isolation of RNA from yeast and estimation of RNA by Orcinol method. 15. To estimate the protein content in peanuts by determination of nitrogen using micro- Kjeldahl method. 16. Qualitative study of sugars, Polysaccharides, Amino acids, Proteins, Lipids 17. Estimation of a protein by Biuret method.(Colorimetry) 18. Studies on the activities of potato acid phosphatase with reference to: a) temperature b) substrate concentration c) pH. 19. To estimate the ascorbic acid content in tomato by modified titrimetric method of Bessay.

REFERENCES

1. Ault, Allyn and Bacon, Techniques and experiments for organic chemistry Inc., 4th Ed., 1983. 2. Laurence M Harwood and Christopher Moody, Experimental organic chemistry, Principles and Practice, Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1989. 3. Donald Pavia, Gary M. Lampman and George S. Kriz Jr. Introduction to organic laboratory techniques a Contemporary Approach, 2nd Ed., 1982. 4. L.F. Tietze and T H. Eicher, Reactions and synthesis in the Organic Chemistry Laboratory, University Science Books, 1989. 5. Koichi Tanaka, Solvent –free Organic Synthesis, Wiley-VCH, 2003. 6. Raphael Ikan, Natural Products -A Laboratory Guide, 2nd Ed., Academic Press Inc., 1991. 7. Plummer, David. T. Intoduction to Practical Biochemistry,Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Co., 2006. 8. Pushpa Sundararaj and Anupama Siddhu, Qualitative tests and quantitative procedures in biochemistry, 2nd Ed., Phoenix publishing House Pvt Ltd., 2002. 9. B Sashidhar Rao and V. Deshpande, Experimental biochemistry-A student companion, 2nd Ed., Phoenix publishing House Pvt Ltd., 2002. 10. S. Sadasivam and A. Manickam, Biochemical methods, 2nd Ed., New Age International Pvt Ltd., 2005.

COURSE COURSE TITLE L T P Total C CODE L+T+P CHME1858 MATERIAL SCIENCE AND 4 0 0 4 4 NANOTECHNOLOGY INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES 1. To educate the students on the basic concepts of solid state chemistry. 2. To understand the theory and properties of materials. 3. To study the employability of the materials in various industries. 4. To understand and study the synthesis, properties and applications of nanomaterials.

Unit 1: Materials

Solids – crystalline and amorphous materials, Concepts - Unit cell, Bravais lattices. Radius ratio rules – coordination number, different structure types in solids – few examples. Preparation techniques – Solid state reactions, sol-gel, hydrothermal, solvothermal, high pressure, zone refining, CVD, Czochralski methods. Characterisation techniques – XRD, thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis and scanning electron microscopy (only introduction and selected application aspects). (14 Lectures)

Unit 2: Properties of materials

Optical, Electrical and Magnetic Properties - Introduction – types of magnetic materials – diamagnetism – paramagnetism - ferromagnetism. Ferrites: preparation and their applications Metals, Semiconductors and Insulators –variation of conductivity with temperature – p and n types, p-n junction Piezoelectric, pyro-electric and ferroelectric materials - Overview and applications. (14 Lectures)

Unit 3: Industry Relevant Materials

Refractories (Introduction, classification, properties, manufacturing and applications), Abrasives (Introduction, classification, properties, hardness, manufacturing (Silicon carbide, Norbide and Tungsten carbide) and applications), Composites (Definition, Types, Focus on FRP, Applications), Paints (Introduction, chemistry of paints - Constituents of oil and emulsion paints and their role), Explosives and Propellants. (14 Lectures)

Unit 4: Modern Engineering Materials

Shape memory alloys: introduction – examples – application – advantages - disadvantages. Biomaterials: Introduction – metals and alloys in biomaterials – ceramic biomaterials, composite biomaterials - polymeric biomaterials. (8 Lectures)

Unit 5: Nano Materials and nanotechnology

Introduction – techniques for synthesis of nanophase materials: chemical reduction techniques, sol-gel synthesis,-electrodeposition, inert gas condensation, vapour deposition and mechanical alloying (Elementary level) – properties (optical, magnetic and chemical properties) - applications of nanomaterials in catalysis, medicines and electronics (selected examples). (10 Lectures)

TEXT BOOKS

1. Anthony R. West, Solid state chemistry and its applications, JohnWiley & Sons, 1989. 2. V.R. Raghavan, Materials Science and Engineering, Prentice Hall (India) Ltd, 2001.

REFERENCES

1. Kenneth J. Klabunde, Nanoscale Materials In Chemistry, John Wiley and Sons Inc. Publication, 2002. 2. Lesley Smart and Elaine Moore, Solid State Chemistry-An Introduction, Chapman Hall, London, 1992. 3. M. G. Arora ,Solid State Chemistry , Anmol Publications, New Delhi, 2001. 3. H. P. Meyers, Introductory Solid State Physics, Viva Books Private Limited, 1998.

COURSE COURSE TITLE L T P Total C CODE L+T+P CHME1859 AGRICULTURAL AND 4 0 0 4 4 LEATHER CHEMISTRY INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES 1. To understand the basic concepts and importance of soil chemistry. 2. To gain a knowledge for analysing, cultivate and promote agricultural methods. 3. To understand the various aspects of leather chemistry. 4. To acquire knowledge about different types of pollution, control and treatment methods.

Unit 1: Soil Chemistry

Introduction - formation of soil. Classification of soil and properties of soil – soil acidity - causes of acidity -soil alkalinity - determination of soil pH - buffering of soils - amending the soil - reclamation of acid soil - liming agents. (10 Lectures)

Unit 2: Soil Fertility and Productivity

Organic Manures - farmyard manure - compost - oil cakes - bone meal - meat meal- fish meal - blood meal and green manures - fertilizers - classification of fertilizers - requisites of a good fertilizers – nitrogenous fertilizers- Phosphatic fertilizers - super phosphate of lime - triple super phosphate - NPK fertilizers - ill effects of fertilizers- effect of mixed fertilizers on soil pH- micronutrients - role of micronutrients sources – need for nutrient balance- soil management and micronutrients needs. (18 Lectures)

Unit 3:Pesticides

Classification of insecticides - stomach poisons - contact poisons and fumigants - insecticides- organic insecticides- DDT - gammexane - malathion - parathion - fungicides- herbicides- rodenticides - pesticides in India - adverse environmental effects of pesticides. (9 Lectures)

Unit 4: Leather Chemistry

Introduction - constituents of animal skin - preparing skins and hides - cleaning and soaking- liming and degreasing- manufacture of leather - leather tanning - vegetable tanning - chrome tanning and mineral tanning - dyeing and fat liquoring - leather finishing - oil tanning - by products. (14 Lectures)

Unit 5: Pollution

Tannery effluents - pollution and its control - water pollution and air pollution - waste management - primary-secondary -tertiary treatment - pollution prevention. (9 Lectures)

TEXT BOOKS

1. B.K. Sharma, Industrial Chemistry, Goel Publishing House, Meerut, 2014. 2. K.Bagavathi – Sundari, Applied Chemistry, MJP Publishers, 2006.

REFERENCES

1. Louis M.Thompson and Frederick. R.Troch, Soils and Soil Fertility, 4th edition, Tata Mc Graw hill, 1993. 2. T.D. Biswas and S.K. Mukherjee, Text book of Soil Science, 2nd edition, 2017. 3. B.A. Yagodin, Agricultural Chemistry, Vol I & Vol II, New Century books (P) Ltd., 1987. 4. Jayashree Ghosh, Fundamental concept of Applied Chemistry, S. Chand & Company Ltd, 2012.

SEMESTER VI

COURSE COURSE TITLE L T P Total C CODE L+T+P CHM1861 ORGANOMETALLIC 4 0 0 4 4 COMPOUNDS INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES 1. To understand the theoretical principles in qualitative analysis.

2. To acquire knowledge about organometallic compounds.

3. To understand the reaction kinetics and mechnisms.

4. To understand the active roles played by the coordination compounds in catalysis.

Theoretical Principles in Qualitative Analysis

Basic principles involved in analysis of cations and anions and solubility products, common ion effect. Principles involved in separation of cations into groups and choice of group reagents. Interfering anions (fluoride, borate, oxalate and phosphate) and need to remove them after Group II. (10 Lectures)

Organometallic Compounds

Definition and classification of organometallic compounds on the basis of bond type. Concept of hapticity of organic ligands. Metal carbonyls: 18 electron rule, electron count of mononuclear, polynuclear and substituted metal carbonyls of 3d series. General methods of preparation (direct combination, reductive carbonylation, thermal and photochemical decomposition) of mono and binuclear carbonyls of 3d series. Structures of mononuclear and binuclear carbonyls of Cr, Mn, Fe, Co and Ni using VBT. π-acceptor behaviour of CO (MO diagram of CO to be discussed), synergic effect and use of IR data to explain extent of back bonding. Zeise’s salt: Preparation and structure, evidences of synergic effect and comparison of synergic effect with that in carbonyls. Metal Alkyls: Important structural features of methyl lithium (tetramer) and trialkyl aluminium (dimer), concept of multicentre bonding in these compounds. Role of triethylaluminium in polymerisation of ethene (Ziegler – Natta Catalyst). Species present in ether solution of Grignard reagent and their structures, Schlenk equilibrium. Ferrocene: Preparation and reactions (acetylation, alkylation, metallation, Mannich Condensation). Structure and aromaticity. Comparison of aromaticity and reactivity with that of benzene. (22 Lectures)

Reaction Kinetics and Mechanism

Introduction to inorganic reaction mechanisms. Substitution reactions in square planar complexes, Trans- effect, theories of trans effect, Mechanism of nucleophilic substitution in square planar complexes, Thermodynamic and Kinetic stability, Kinetics of octahedral substitution, Ligand field effects and reaction rates, Mechanism of substitution in octahedral complexes. (18 Lectures)

Catalysis by Organometallic Compounds

Study of the following industrial processes and their mechanism: 1. Alkene hydrogenation (Wilkinsons Catalyst) 2. Hydroformylation (Co salts) 3. Wacker Process 4. Synthetic gasoline (Fischer Tropsch reaction) 5. Synthesis gas by metal carbonyl complexes (10 Lectures)

TEXT BOOKS

1. Huheey, J. E.; Keiter, E.A. & Keiter, R.L. Inorganic Chemistry, Principles of Structure and Reactivity 4th Ed., Harper Collins 1993, Pearson,2006. 2. Lee, J.D. Concise Inorganic Chemistry 5th Ed., John Wiley and sons 2008. 3. Powell, P. Principles of Organometallic Chemistry, Chapman and Hall, 1988. 4. Shriver, D.D. & P. Atkins, Inorganic Chemistry 2nd Ed., Oxford University Press, 1994. 5. Basolo, F. & Person, R. Mechanisms of Inorganic Reactions: Study of Metal Complexes in Solution 2nd Ed., John Wiley & Sons Inc; NY.

REFERENCES

1. Vogel, A.I. Qualitative Inorganic Analysis, Longman, 1972. 2. Svehla, G. Vogel's Qualitative Inorganic Analysis, 7th Edition, Prentice Hall, 1996-03-07. 3. Cotton, F.A. G.; Wilkinson & Gaus, P.L. Basic Inorganic Chemistry 3rd Ed.; Wiley India. 4. Douglas, B. E.; McDaniel, D.H. & Alexander, J.J. Concepts and Models in Inorganic Chemistry3rd Ed., John Wiley and Sons, NY, 1994. 5. Greenwood, N.N. & Earnshaw, A. Chemistry of the Elements, Elsevier 2nd Ed, 1997 (Ziegler Natta Catalyst and Equilibria in Grignard Solution). 6. Purcell, K.F. & Kotz, J.C., Inorganic Chemistry, W.B. Saunders Co. 1977. 7. Miessler, G. L. & Donald, A. Tarr, Inorganic Chemistry 4th Ed., Pearson, 2010. 8. Collman, James P. et al. Principles and Applications of Organotransition Metal Chemistry. Mill Valley, CA: University Science Books, 1987. 9. Crabtree, Robert H. The Organometallic Chemistry of the Transition Metals. J New York, NY: John Wiley, 2000. 10. Spessard, Gary O., &Gary L. Miessler. Organometallic Chemistry. Upper Saddle

COURSE COURSE TITLE L T P Total C CODE L+T+P CHM1862 ORGANIC 4 0 0 4 4 SPECTROSCOPY, CARBOHYDRATES, DYES AND POLYMERS INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES 1. To learn to analyse spectra of organic molecules. 2. To gain insights of carbohydrate molecules from organic chemist point of view. 3. Introduction to organic dyes. 4. Introduction to organic polymers.

Unit 1: Organic Spectroscopy

General principles Introduction to absorption and emission spectroscopy.

UV Spectroscopy: Types of electronic transitions, λmax, Chromophores and Auxochromes, Bathochromic and Hypsochromic shifts, Intensity of absorption; Application of Woodward Rules for calculation of λmax for the following systems: α,β unsaturated aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids and esters; Conjugated dienes: alicyclic, homoannular and heteroannular; Extended conjugated systems (aldehydes, ketones and dienes); distinction between cis and trans isomers.

IR Spectroscopy: Fundamental and non-fundamental molecular vibrations; IR absorption positions of O, N and S containing functional groups; Effect of H-bonding, conjugation, resonance and ring size on IR absorptions; Fingerprint region and its significance; application in functional group analysis.

NMR Spectroscopy: Basic principles of Proton Magnetic Resonance, chemical shift and factors influencing it; Spin – Spin coupling and coupling constant; Anisotropic effects in alkene, alkyne, aldehydes and aromatics, Interpetation of NMR spectra of simple compounds. Applications of IR, UV and NMR for identification of simple organic molecules. (24 Lectures)

Unit 2: Carbohydrates

Occurrence, classification and their biological importance. Monosaccharides: Constitution and absolute configuration of glucose and fructose, epimers and anomers, mutarotation, determination of ring size of glucose and fructose, Haworth projections and conformational structures; Interconversions of aldoses and ketoses; Killiani- Fischer synthesis and Ruff degradation; Disaccharides – Structure elucidation of maltose, lactose and sucrose. Polysaccharides – Elementary treatment of starch, cellulose and glycogen. (16 Lectures)

Unit 3: Dyes

Classification, Colour and constitution; Mordant and Vat Dyes; Chemistry of dyeing; Synthesis and applications of: Azo dyes – Methyl Orange and Congo Red (mechanism of Diazo Coupling); Triphenyl Methane Dyes -Malachite Green, Rosaniline and Crystal Violet; Phthalein Dyes – Phenolphthalein and Fluorescein; Natural dyes –structure elucidation and synthesis of Alizarin and Indigotin; Edible Dyes with examples. (8 Lectures)

Unit 4: Polymers

Introduction and classification including di-block, tri-block and amphiphilic polymers; Number average molecular weight, Weight average molecular weight, Degree of polymerization, Polydispersity Index.

Polymerisation reactions -Addition and condensation -Mechanism of cationic, anionic and free radical addition polymerization; Metallocene-based Ziegler-Natta polymerisation of alkenes; Preparation and applications of plastics – thermosetting (phenol-formaldehyde, Polyurethanes) and thermosoftening (PVC, polythene);

Fabrics – natural and synthetic (acrylic, polyamido, polyester); Rubbers – natural and synthetic: Buna-S, Chloroprene and Neoprene; Vulcanization; Polymer additives; Introduction to liquid crystal polymers; Biodegradable and conducting polymers with examples. (12 Lectures)

TEXT BOOKS

1. Kalsi, P. S. Textbook of Organic Chemistry 1st Ed., New Age International (P) Ltd. Pub. 2. L. G. Wade, Organic Chemistry, 8th edition, Pearson, 2016. 3. Billmeyer, F. W. Textbook of Polymer Science, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 4. Gowariker, V. R.; Viswanathan, N. V. & Sreedhar, J. Polymer Science, New Age International (P) Ltd. Pub. 5. Clayden, J.; Greeves, N.; Warren, S.; Wothers, P.; Organic Chemistry, Oxford University Press.

REFERENCES

1. Finar, I. L. Organic Chemistry (Volume 2: Stereochemistry and the Chemistry of Natural Products), Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd. (Pearson Education). 2. Graham Solomons, T.W. Organic Chemistry, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 3. Singh, J.; Ali, S.M. & Singh, J. Natural Product Chemistry, Prajati Prakashan (2010).

COURSE COURSE TITLE L T P Total C CODE L+T+ P CHM1862 SYNTHETIC ORGANIC 4 0 0 4 4 CHEMISTRY INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES 1. To gain knowledge about the basic concepts in organic chemistry.

2. To acquire knowledge on the basic principles of photochemistry.

3. To study the mechanisms of transition metal catalysed reactions.

4. To get an understanding over total synthesis of organic molecules.

Unit 1: Introduction

Scope and objectives, facets of multi-step synthesis, diminishing yields – region- and stereo- control - illustrative examples; strategies in multistep synthesis - protection and deprotection of sensitive functional groups such as hydroxyl, amino, carboxyl and carbonyl functions. (13 Lectures)

Unit 2: Important reactions of synthetic value

Different methods of catalytic hydrogenation; use of complex metal hydrides (LiAlH4, NaBH4 and DIBAL-H), Birch reduction, hydroboration; oxidation using CrO3, silver carbonate - Oppenauer oxidation; Robinson annulation reaction, Luche reduction. (13 Lectures)

Unit 3: Special reagents in organic synthesis

Organometallic reagents (organo- lithium, zinc, copper); use of DCC and dimethyl sulphoxide; reactions of phosphorous and sulphur ylides; polymer supported reagents – Merrifield solid phase peptide synthesis; Oxidizing agents like selenium dioxide, osmium tetroxide, lead tetraacetate, periodic acid. (13 Lectures)

Unit 4: Photochemical organic synthesis

Photochemical reactions - quantum yield - primary quantum yield, over all quantum yields; photosensitization; Jablonski diagram; Paterno - Buchi reaction. (7 Lectures)

Unit 5: Designing of organic synthesis

A programmed introduction to disconnection approach, use of synthons - types of transform; examples: saccharine, limonene, paracetamol, salbutamol and dimedone. (7 Lectures)

Unit 6: Total synthesis Total synthesis of the natural products: Z-Jasmone, Pencillin V and (-) Khusimone. (7 Lectures)

TEXT BOOKS

1. R K Mackie, D M Smith and R A Aitken, Guidebook to Organic Synthesis, 3rd ed. Longman group, 2000. 2. R O C Norman and James M Coxon, Principles of Organic Synthesis, 3rd ed. CRC Press, 1993. 3. V K Ahluwalia and Rakesh K Parashar, Organic Reaction Mechanisms, 4th ed. Narosa Publications, 2010. 4. J D Coyle, Introduction to Organic Photochemistry, John-Wiley, 1986. 5. Stuart Warren and Paul Wyatt, Organic Synthesis - The Disconnection Approach, 3rd ed. Wiley, 2008.

REFERENCES

1. S H Pine, Organic Chemistry, 5th ed. McGraw-Hill International Ed., 1988. 2. J Fuhrhop and G Penzhir, Organic Synthesis, 2nd ed. VCH, 1994. 3. Clayden, Greeves, Warren and Wothers, Organic Chemistry, 2nd ed. Oxford, 2015. 4. W Carruthers, Modern Methods of Organic Synthesis, 3rd ed. Cambridge University, 1996.

COURSE COURSE TITLE L T P Total C CODE L+T+P CHM1864 PRACTICAL COURSE 0 0 4 4 2 FOR ELECTROCHEMISTRY INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES 1. To learn to determine cell constant. 2. To impart knowledge with respect to the dissociation of weak acids and it’s effect on conductance. 3. To enable the students to perform conductometric titrations. 4. To enable the students to perform potentiometric titrations.

Conductometry

I. Determination of cell constant II. Determination of equivalent conductance, degree of dissociation and dissociation constant of a weak acid. III. Perform the following conductometric titrations: i. Strong acid vs. strong base ii. Weak acid vs. strong base iii. Mixture of strong acid and weak acid vs. strong base iv. Strong acid vs. weak base

Potentiometry

I Perform the following potentiometric titrations: i. Strong acid vs. strong base ii. Weak acid vs. strong base iii. Dibasic acid vs. strong base iv. Potassium dichromate vs. Mohr's salt

REFERENCES

1. Khosla, B. D.; Garg, V. C. & Gulati, A. Senior Practical Physical Chemistry, R. Chand & Co.: New Delhi (2011). 2. Garland, C. W.; Nibler, J. W. & Shoemaker, D. P. Experiments in Physical Chemistry 8th Ed.; McGraw-Hill: New York (2003). 3. Halpern, A. M. & McBane, G. C. Experimental Physical Chemistry 3rd Ed.; W.H. Freeman & Co.: New York (2003).

COURSE COURSE TITLE L T P Total C CODE L+T+P CHM1865 LABORATORY COURSE IN 0 4 4 2 SYNTHETIC ORGANIC CHEMISTRY AND SPECTROSCOPIC TECHNIQUES INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES 1. To learn to record UV-Vis Spectra and IR spectra and interpret them.

2. To get hands on experience on synthetic organic techniques.

3. To learn a few green chemistry synthesis.

4. To get to do photochemistry in lab.

LABORATORY COURSE IN SYNTHETIC ORGANIC CHEMISTRY AND SPECTROSCOPIC TECHNIQUES 1. To test the validity of Lambert- Beer’s law for K2Cr2O7 system and determination of concentration of the given solution. 2. Determination of leaching of aluminum from low quality aluminum vessels by spectrophotometric technique i.e., Eriochrome cyanine R method. 3. Determination of pK values of indicators using spectroscopy 4. Structural characterization of organic compounds by Infra-red spectroscopy 5. To record UV-VIS spectra of a compound: Plot of transmittance vs wavelength and plot of absorbance vs wavelength. 6. Preparation of the following compounds: a) Luminol b) Dimedone (5,5 Dimethyl-1,3- cyclohexanedione). c) 1,3: 4,6- D- O-benzylidene-O-mannitol d) Benzyltrimethylammonium chloride and its use to prepare Mandelic acid e) 2-Amino 4,6- diarylbenzene-1,3-dicarbonitrile under solvent free conditions. f) Biodiesel from waste oil g) Dialkoxypropanes in simple ammonium ionic liquids h) m-nitroacetophenone and chemoselectivity in its reduction. i) Calix[4]resorcinarence j) Malachite green

7. Synthesis of a ketone by solvent free oxidation of an alcohol using solid support MnO2 under microwave irradiation. 8. Reduction of Camphor by Sonication. 9. Synthesis of a flavone 10. Photo reduction of benzophenone.

REFERENCES

1. Introduction to organic laboratory techniques a Contemporary approach, Donald Pavia , Gary M. Lampman and George S. Kriz Jr. 2nd Ed., 1982 2. Techniques and experiments for organic chemistry 4thEd., Addition Ault, Allyn and Bacon Inc. 1983.

COURSE COURSE TITLE L T P Total C CODE L+T+P CHME1866 ANALYTICAL METHODS IN 4 0 0 4 4 CHEMISTRY INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES 1. To gain knowledge about optical method of analysis.

2. To acquire knowledge on the thermal methods of analysis.

3. To study electro analytical methods.

4. To get an understanding over various separation techniques.

Unit 1: Qualitative and quantitative aspects of analysis

Sampling, evaluation of analytical data, errors, accuracy and precision, methods of their expression, normal law of distribution if indeterminate errors, statistical test of data; F, Q and t test, rejection of data, and confidence intervals. (5 Lectures)

Unit 2: Optical methods of analysis

Origin of spectra, interaction of radiation with matter, fundamental laws of spectroscopy and selection rules, validity of Beer-Lambert’s law. UV-Visible Spectrometry: Basic principles of instrumentation (choice of source, monochromator and detector) for single and double beam instrument; Basic principles of quantitative analysis: estimation of metal ions from aqueous solution, geometrical isomers, keto-enol tautomers. Determination of composition of metal complexes using Job’s method of continuous variation and mole ratio method. Infrared Spectrometry: Basic principles of instrumentation (choice of source, monochromator & detector) for single and double beam instrument; sampling techniques. Structural illustration through interpretation of data, Effect and importance of isotope substitution. Flame Atomic Absorption and Emission Spectrometry: Basic principles of instrumentation (choice of source, monochromator, detector, choice of flame and Burner designs. Techniques of atomization and sample introduction; Method of background correction, sources of chemical interferences and their method of removal. Techniques for the quantitative estimation of trace level of metal ions from water samples. (25 Lectures)

Unit 3: Thermal methods of analysis

Theory of thermogravimetry (TG), basic principle of instrumentation. Techniques for quantitative estimation of Ca and Mg from their mixture. (5 Lectures)

Unit 4: Electroanalytical methods

Classification of electroanalytical methods, basic principle of pH metric, potentiometric and conductometric titrations. Techniques used for the determination of equivalence points. Techniques used for the determination of pKa values. (10 Lectures) Unit 5: Separation techniques Solvent extraction: Classification, principle and efficiency of the technique. Mechanism of extraction: extraction by solvation and chelation. Technique of extraction: batch, continuous and counter current extractions. Qualitative and quantitative aspects of solvent extraction: extraction of metal ions from aqueous solution, extraction of organic species from the aqueous and nonaqueous media. Chromatography: Classification, principle and efficiency of the technique. Mechanism of separation: adsorption, partition & ion exchange. Development of chromatograms: frontal, elution and displacement methods. Qualitative and quantitative aspects of chromatographic methods of analysis: IC, GLC, GPC, TLC and HPLC. Stereoisomeric separation and analysis: Measurement of optical rotation, calculation of Enantiomeric excess (ee)/ diastereomeric excess (de) ratios and determination of enantiomeric composition using NMR, Chiral solvents and chiral shift reagents. Chiral chromatographic techniques using chiral columns (GC and HPLC). Role of computers in instrumental methods of analysis. (15 Lectures)

TEXT BOOKS

1. Willard, Hobert H. et al.: Instrumental Methods of Analysis, 7th Ed. Wardsworth Publishing Company, Belmont, California, USA, 1988. 2. Harris, Daniel C: Exploring Chemical Analysis, Ed. New York, W.H. Freeman, 2001. 3. Khopkar, S.M. Basic Concepts of Analytical Chemistry, New Age, International Publisher, 2009.

REFERENCES

1. Vogel, Arthur I: A Test book of Quantitative Inorganic Analysis (Rev. by G.H. Jeffery and others) 5th Ed. The English Language Book Society of Longman . 2. Christian, Gary D; Analytical Chemistry, 6th Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York, 2004. 3. Skoog, D.A. Holler F.J. and Nieman, T.A. Principles of Instrumental Analysis, Thomson Asia Pvt. Ltd. Singapore. 4. Mikes, O. & Chalmes, R.A., Laboratory Hand Book of Chromatographic & Allied Methods, Elles Harwood Ltd. London. 5. Ditts, R.V. Analytical Chemistry – Methods of separation.

COURSE COURSE TITLE L T P Total C CODE L+T+P CHME1867 POLYMER CHEMISTRY 4 0 0 4 4 INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES 1. To gain knowledge about importance of polymeric materials.

2. To acquire knowledge on kinetics of polymerization.

3. Introduction to polymeric solutions.

4. To get an understanding over various properties of polymers.

Unit 1: Introduction and history of polymeric materials

Different schemes of classification of polymers, Polymer nomenclature, Molecular forces and chemical bonding in polymers, Texture of Polymers. (4 Lectures)

Unit 2: Functionality and its importance

Criteria for synthetic polymer formation, classification of polymerization processes, Relationships between functionality, extent of reaction and degree of polymerization. Bifunctional systems, Poly-functional systems. (8 Lectures)

Unit 3: Kinetics of Polymerization

Mechanism and kinetics of step growth, radical chain growth, ionic chain (both cationic and anionic) and coordination polymerizations, Mechanism and kinetics of copolymerization, polymerization techniques. (8 lectures)

Unit 4: Crystallization and crystallinity

Determination of crystalline melting point and degree of crystallinity, Morphology of crystalline polymers, Factors affecting crystalline melting point. (4 Lectures)

Unit 5: Nature and structure of polymers-Structure Property relationships. (2 Lectures)

Unit 6: Determination of molecular weight of polymers (Mn, Mw, etc) by end group analysis, viscometry, light scattering and osmotic pressure methods. Molecular weight distribution and its significance. Polydispersity index. (8 Lectures)

Glass transition temperature (Tg) and determination of Tg, Free volume theory, WLF equation, Factors affecting glass transition temperature (Tg). (8 Lectures)

Polymer Solution – Criteria for polymer solubility, Solubility parameter, Thermodynamics of polymer solutions, entropy, enthalpy, and free energy change of mixing of polymers solutions, Flory- Huggins theory, Lower and Upper critical solution temperatures. (8 Lectures)

Properties of Polymers (Physical, thermal, Flow & Mechanical Properties). Brief introduction to preparation, structure, properties and application of the following polymers: polyolefins, polystyrene and styrene copolymers, poly(vinyl chloride) and related polymers, poly(vinyl acetate) and related polymers, acrylic polymers, fluoro polymers, polyamides and related polymers. Phenol formaldehyde resins (Bakelite, Novalac), polyurethanes, silicone polymers, polydienes, Polycarbonates, Conducting Polymers, [polyacetylene, polyaniline, poly(p-phenylene sulphide polypyrrole, polythiophene)]. (10 Lectures)

TEXT BOOKS

1 Seymour’s Polymer Chemistry, Marcel Dekker, Inc. 2. G. Odian: Principles of Polymerization, John Wiley.

REFERENCES

1. F.W. Billmeyer: Text Book of Polymer Science, John Wiley. 2. P. Ghosh: Polymer Science & Technology, Tata Mcgraw-Hill. 3. R.W. Lenz: Organic Chemistry of Synthetic High Polymers.