Homeolog Loss and Expression Changes in Natural Populations Of
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
List of Vascular Plants Endemic to Britain, Ireland and the Channel Islands 2020
British & Irish Botany 2(3): 169-189, 2020 List of vascular plants endemic to Britain, Ireland and the Channel Islands 2020 Timothy C.G. Rich Cardiff, U.K. Corresponding author: Tim Rich: [email protected] This pdf constitutes the Version of Record published on 31st August 2020 Abstract A list of 804 plants endemic to Britain, Ireland and the Channel Islands is broken down by country. There are 659 taxa endemic to Britain, 20 to Ireland and three to the Channel Islands. There are 25 endemic sexual species and 26 sexual subspecies, the remainder are mostly critical apomictic taxa. Fifteen endemics (2%) are certainly or probably extinct in the wild. Keywords: England; Northern Ireland; Republic of Ireland; Scotland; Wales. Introduction This note provides a list of vascular plants endemic to Britain, Ireland and the Channel Islands, updating the lists in Rich et al. (1999), Dines (2008), Stroh et al. (2014) and Wyse Jackson et al. (2016). The list includes endemics of subspecific rank or above, but excludes infraspecific taxa of lower rank and hybrids (for the latter, see Stace et al., 2015). There are, of course, different taxonomic views on some of the taxa included. Nomenclature, taxonomic rank and endemic status follows Stace (2019), except for Hieracium (Sell & Murrell, 2006; McCosh & Rich, 2018), Ranunculus auricomus group (A. C. Leslie in Sell & Murrell, 2018), Rubus (Edees & Newton, 1988; Newton & Randall, 2004; Kurtto & Weber, 2009; Kurtto et al. 2010, and recent papers), Taraxacum (Dudman & Richards, 1997; Kirschner & Štepànek, 1998 and recent papers) and Ulmus (Sell & Murrell, 2018). Ulmus is included with some reservations, as many taxa are largely vegetative clones which may occasionally reproduce sexually and hence may not merit species status (cf. -
Extensive Chromosomal Variation in a Recently Formed Natural Allopolyploid Species, Tragopogon Miscellus (Asteraceae)
Extensive chromosomal variation in a recently formed natural allopolyploid species, Tragopogon miscellus (Asteraceae) Michael Chestera, Joseph P. Gallaghera, V. Vaughan Symondsb, Ana Veruska Cruz da Silvac,d, Evgeny V. Mavrodievd, Andrew R. Leitche, Pamela S. Soltisd, and Douglas E. Soltisa,1 aDepartment of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611; bInstitute of Molecular Biosciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand; cEmbrapa Tabuleiros Costeiros, CEP 49025-040, Aracaju-SE, Brazil; dFlorida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611; and eSchool of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom Edited by James A. Birchler, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, and approved December 6, 2011 (received for review July 22, 2011) Polyploidy, or whole genome duplication, has played a major role after whole genome duplication (18). In some cases, the regularity in the evolution of many eukaryotic lineages. Although the of meiosis was found to increase rapidly in experimental neo- prevalence of polyploidy in plants is well documented, the molec- allopolyploids that were initially chromosomally unstable (21, ular and cytological consequences are understood largely from 22); for example, after just five selfed generations, Nicotiana newly formed polyploids (neopolyploids) that have been grown neoallotetraploids displayed bivalent pairing and >99% stainable experimentally. Classical cytological and molecular cytogenetic pollen (22). -
Cytotype Associations, Ecological Divergence and Genetic Variation in the Apomictic Complex Paspalum Intermedium Munro Ex Morong (Poaceae)
Cytotype Associations, Ecological Divergence and Genetic Variation in the Apomictic Complex Paspalum intermedium Munro Ex Morong (Poaceae) Dissertation for the award of the degree “Doctor of Philosophy” Ph.D. Division of Mathematics and Natural Sciences of the Georg-August-Universität Göttingen within the doctoral program Biology of the Georg-August University School of Science (GAUSS) Submitted by Piyal Karunarathne Göttingen, 2018 THESIS COMMITTEE Prof. Dr. Elvira Hörandl Department of Systematics, Biodiversity and Evolution of Plants (with herbarium) Albrecht-von-Haller Institute for Plant Sciences University of Göttingen, Germany Prof. Dr. Holger Kreft Department of Biodiversity, Macroecology & Biogeography Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology University of Göttingen, Germany Dr. Diego Hojsgaard Department of Systematics, Biodiversity and Evolution of Plants (with herbarium) Albrecht-von-Haller Institute for Plant Sciences University of Göttingen, Germany MEMBERS OF THE EXAMINATION BOARD Reviewer Prof. Dr. Elvira Hörandl Department of Systematics, Biodiversity and Evolution of Plants (with herbarium), Albrecht-von-Haller Institute for Plant Sciences University of Göttingen, Germany Second Prof. Dr. Holger Kreft reviewer Department of Biodiversity, Macroecology & Biogeography Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology University of Göttingen, Germany Further members of the Examination Board Prof. Dr. Stefan Scheu J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology University of Göttingen Prof. Dr. Mark Maraun J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology University of Göttingen Prof. Dr. Thomas Friedl Dept. EPSAG University of Göttingen Dr. Sven Bradler J.F. Blumenbach-Institut für Zoologie und Anthropologie University of Göttingen ii Acknowledgments I would like to place on record my sincere gratitude to Dr. Diego Hojsgaard for choosing me to carry out this research project, his excellent supervision, tremendous help and advice, and for remaining unflappable despite my various crisis. -
Watsonia 3, 228-232
A NEW BRITISH SPECIES OF SENECIO By EFFIE M. RossER The Manchester Museum, The University, Manchester In September 1953 specimens of a large, radiate groundsel were received from Mr. H . E. Green, who had seen similar plants, growing by a roadside in Flintshire, since 1948. They could not be assigned to any described European species of Senecio and though they bore some resemblance to the hybrid S. X baxteri Druce (S. squalidus L. X S. vulgaris L.) were more robust, with larger heads and a high percentage of fertile fruits. When, in 1954, a chromosome count was made from root tips of plants grown from the Flintshire seed they were found to have the chromosome number 2n = 60; in the same year Professor S. C. Harland and Miss A. Haygarth Jackson produced a similar plant by colchicine treatment of the synthetic hybrid S . squalidus X vulgaris (2n = 30). This evidence confirmed us in the view that the plant should be described as a new species. A description follows. Senecio cambr£:nsis Rosser, sp. novo Herba (annua vel) perennis, ad 50 cm. altitudine. Caulis erectus, basi sublignosus saepe parte media dense ramosa et foliosa. Folia inferiora petiolata, superiora sessilia, auriculata; omnia alte et irregulariter pinnatifida, cum lobis distantibus, majoribus liguli formibus, minoribus lanceolatis, marginibuS" dentatis vd quandoque lobulatis; folia iuvenescentia tomentosa praesertim subtus, glabrescentia, cum axillis foliorum maturorum lanuginosis. Inflorescentia foliosa, imprimis dense corymbosa postea ramis florentibus longioribus, pedunculis tempore fructescendi longius extensis. Capitula imprimis late cylindracea (ca. 10·0 X 6·0 mm.) tempore florendi flosculorum radii nonnihil campanulata (ca. -
Genetics.107.072751.Full.Pdf
Genetics: Published Articles Ahead of Print, published on July 1, 2007 as 10.1534/genetics.107.072751 Title: Concerted evolution of rDNA in recently formed Tragopogon allotetraploids is typically associated with an inverse correlation between gene copy number and expression. Authors: Roman Matyášek*, Jennifer A. Tate**,Yoong K. Lim† , Hana Šrubařová*, Jin Koh**, Andrew R. Leitch†, Douglas E. Soltis**, Pamela S. Soltis‡ , Aleš Kovařík* *Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i, Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics, Královopolská 135, CZ-61265 Brno, Czech Republic **Department of Botany, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA †School of Biological Sciences, Queen Mary, University of London, E1 4NS, UK ‡Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA Sequence data from this article have been deposited with the EMBL/GenBank Data Libraries under accession nos: AM 493990 and AM 493995) 2 Running head: rDNA transcription in allotetraploids Key words: Tragopogon, rDNA expression, allopolyploidy, nucleolar dominance, gene silencing Correspondence: Ales Kovarik, Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics, Královopolská 135, CZ- 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic Tel.: +420-541517178, Fax: +420-541211293, E-mail: [email protected] 3 ABSTRACT (175) We analyzed nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA) transcription and chromatin condensation in individuals from several populations of Tragopogon mirus and T. miscellus, allotetraploids that have formed repeatedly within only the last 80 years from T. dubius and T. porrifolius and T. dubius and T. pratensis, respectively. We identified populations with no (2), partial (2) and complete (4) nucleolar dominance. -
Tmcm1de1.Pdf
Departament de Biologia Facultat de Ciències Hybridization patterns in Balearic endemic plants assessed by molecular and morphological markers — Ph. D. Thesis — Miquel Àngel Conesa Muñoz Supervisors: Dr. Maurici Mus Amézquita (Universitat de les Illes Balears) Dr. Josep Antoni Rosselló Picornell (Universitat de València) May 2010 Palma de Mallorca El doctor Maurici Mus Amézquita, professor titular de la Universitat de les Illes Balears, i el doctor Josep Antoni Rosselló Picornell, professor titular de la Universitat de València, CERTIFIQUEN: Que D. Miquel Àngel Conesa Muñoz ha realitzat, baix la seva direcció en el Laboratori de Botànica de la Universitat de les Illes Balears i en el Departament de Botànica del Jardí Botànic de la Universitat de València, el treball per optar al grau de Doctor en Biologia de les Plantes en Condicions Mediterrànies, amb el títol: “HYBRIDIZATION PATTERNS IN BALEARIC ENDEMIC PLANTS ASSESSED BY MOLECULAR AND MORPHOLOGICAL MARKERS” Considerant finalitzada la present memòria, autoritzem la seva presentació amb la finalitat de ser jutjada pel tribunal corresponent. I per tal que així consti, signem el present certificat a Palma de Mallorca, a 27 de maig de 2010. Dr. Maurici Mus Dr. Josep A. Rosselló 1 2 A la meva família, als meus pares. 3 4 Agraïments - Acknowledgements En la vida tot arriba. A moments semblava que no seria així, però aquesta tesi també s’ha acabat. Per arribar avui a escriure aquestes línies, moltes persones han patit amb mi, per mi, o m’han aportat el seu coneixement i part del seu temps. Així doncs, merescut és que els recordi aquí. Segurament deixaré algú, que recordaré quan ja sigui massa tard per incloure’l. -
The Pennsylvania State University
The Pennsylvania State University The Graduate School Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Plant Biology PHYLOGENOMIC ANALYSIS OF ANCIENT GENOME DUPLICATIONS IN THE HISTORY OF PLANTS A Dissertation in Plant Biology by Yuannian Jiao © 2011 Yuannian Jiao Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy December 2011 The dissertation of Yuannian Jiao was reviewed and approved* by the following: Claude dePamphilis Professor of Biology Dissertation Advisor Chair of Committee Hong Ma Professor of Biology John Carlson Professor of Molecular Genetics Webb Miller Professor of Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics Naomi Altman Professor of Statistics Teh-hui Kao Chair of Plant Biology Graduate Program *Signatures are on file in the Graduate School iii ABSTRACT Whole-genome duplication (WGD), or polyploidy, followed by gene loss and diploidization, has generally been viewed as a primary source of material for the origin of evolutionary novelties. Most flowering plants have been shown to be ancient polyploids that have undergone one or more rounds of WGDs early in their evolution, and many lineages have since undergone additional, independent and more recent genome duplications. It was suggested that the paleopolyploidy events were crucial to the radiation and success of angiosperms, but evidence for proposed ancient genome duplications remains equivocal. Plant genomes are highly dynamic and usually go through intense structural rearrangements and gene loss following duplication. Old(er) WGDs can not -
Evidence from Analysis of Synthetic Arabidopsis Allohexaploids
INVESTIGATION Allopolyploidization Lays the Foundation for Evolution of Distinct Populations: Evidence From Analysis of Synthetic Arabidopsis Allohexaploids Starr C. Matsushita,* Anand P. Tyagi,*,† Gerad M. Thornton,* J. Chris Pires,‡ and Andreas Madlung*,1 *Department of Biology, University of Puget Sound, Tacoma, Washington, 98416, †School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of the South Pacific, Suva, Fiji, and ‡Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, 65211-7310 ABSTRACT Polyploidization is an important mechanism for introducing diversity into a population and promoting evolutionary change. It is believed that most, if not all, angiosperms have undergone whole genome duplication events in their evolutionary history, which has led to changes in genome structure, gene regulation, and chromosome maintenance. Previous studies have shown that polyploidy can coincide with meiotic abnormalities and somatic cytogenetic mosaics in Arabidopsis allotetraploids, but it is unclear whether this phenomenon can contribute to novel diversity or act as a mechanism for speciation. In this study we tested the hypothesis that mosaic aneuploidy contributes to the formation of incipient diversity in neoallopolyploids. We generated a population of synthesized Arabi- dopsis allohexaploids and monitored karyotypic and phenotypic variation in this population over the first seven generations. We found evidence of sibling line-specific chromosome number variations and rapidly diverging phenotypes between lines, including -
Subgenome Dominance in an Interspecific Hybrid, Synthetic Allopolyploid, and a 140-Year-Old Naturally Established Neo-Allopolyploid Monkeyflower Patrick P
The Plant Cell, Vol. 29: 2150–2167, September 2017, www.plantcell.org ã 2017 ASPB. Subgenome Dominance in an Interspecific Hybrid, Synthetic Allopolyploid, and a 140-Year-Old Naturally Established Neo-Allopolyploid Monkeyflower OPEN Patrick P. Edger,a,b,1 Ronald Smith,c Michael R. McKain,d,2 Arielle M. Cooley,e Mario Vallejo-Marin,f Yaowu Yuan,g Adam J. Bewick,h Lexiang Ji,i Adrian E. Platts,j Megan J. Bowman,k Kevin L. Childs,k,l Jacob D. Washburn,m Robert J. Schmitz,h Gregory D. Smith,c J. Chris Pires,m and Joshua R. Puzeyn,1,3 a Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 b Ecology, Evolutionary Biology, and Behavior, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 c Department of Applied Science, The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185 d Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63132 e Biology Department, Whitman College, Walla Walla, Washington 99362 f Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, United Kingdom g Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269 h Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602 i Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602 j McGill Centre for Bioinformatics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0E9, Canada k Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 l Center for Genomics Enabled Plant Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan -
(Under the Direction of JOHN M. BURKE) ABSTRACT the Chapters of This Dissertation Are Designed to Investigate Speciation in T
POPULATION GENETIC STUDIES OF SPECIATION IN THE PLANT GENUS STEPHANOMERIA (ASTERACEA) by NATASHA ANN SHERMAN (Under the Direction of JOHN M. BURKE) ABSTRACT The chapters of this dissertation are designed to investigate speciation in the plant genus Stephanomeria. Genetic markers were developed, and population genetic studies performed. In the first study, the goal was to investigate: the putative homoploid hybrid origin of Stephanomeria diegensis; whether this species arose once or on multiple occasions; and which subspecies of the parental taxa were involved in the original speciation event. The data presented support a hybrid origin of S. diegensis. In addition, the results showed the S. diegensis most likely arose once, and that S. exigua ssp. exigua or S. exigua ssp. deanei were involved in the formation. It was not possible to identify the subspecies of S. virgata involved. The second study investigates the allopolyploid origin of S. elata. The number of origins was investigated, as was the level of differentiation between two recognizable morphotypes, termed the Northern and Southern morphotype. This work identified three origins, with two origins found in the Southern morphotype and one in the Northern morphotype. The third study analyzed population genetic diversity in a disjunct population of S. exigua ssp. coronaria termed the Frenchglen population. This population is of particular interest because it is a peripheral isolate that gave rise to the endangered S. malheurensis. The Frenchglen population was found to be genetically robust, and unique from populations from the balance of the range of S. exigua ssp. coronaria. INDEX WORDS: speciation, hybridization, population genetic, homoploid, allopolyploid, peripatric, peripheral isolate POPULATION GENETIC STUDIES OF SPECIATION IN THE PLANT GENUS STEPHANOMERIA (ASTERACEAE) by Natasha Ann Sherman B.S. -
Durham Research Online
Durham Research Online Deposited in DRO: 02 April 2020 Version of attached le: Published Version Peer-review status of attached le: Peer-reviewed Citation for published item: Walter, Greg M. and Abbott, Richard J. and Brennan, Adrian C. and Bridle, Jon R. and Chapman, Mark and Clark, James and Filatov, Dmitry and Nevado, Bruno and Ortiz Barrientos, Daniel and Hiscock, Simon J. (2020) 'Senecio as a model system for integrating studies of genotype, phenotype and tness.', New phytologist., 226 (2). pp. 326-344. Further information on publisher's website: https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.16434 Publisher's copyright statement: c 2020 The Authors. Additional information: Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. Durham University Library, Stockton Road, Durham DH1 3LY, United Kingdom Tel : +44 (0)191 334 3042 | Fax : +44 (0)191 334 2971 https://dro.dur.ac.uk Review Tansley review Senecio as a model system for integrating studies of genotype, phenotype and fitness Authors for correspondence: Greg M. Walter1 , Richard J. Abbott2 , Adrian C. Brennan3 , Greg M. -
II: the Origin of S
Received 20 September 1991 Heredity 69 (1992) 112—121 Genetical Society of Great Britain Molecular systematics of the genus Seneclo L. II: The origin of S. vulgar/s L. STEPHEN A. HARRIS & RUTH INGRAM Department of Biology and Predilnical Medicine, Sir Harold Mitchell Building. University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9TH, Scotland Theorigin of Senecio vulgaris L. and the relationship of its two subspecies, ssp. vulgaris and ssp. denticulatus (0. F. Muell.) P. D. Sell, are examined using nuclear ribosomal and chioroplast DNA analyses. No evidence was found to support either an allopolyploid or an autopolyploid origin of S. vulgaris, although it would appear that S. vernalis Waldst. & Kit, is not one of the progenitor taxa. Two results of particular interest were found: (i) the apparent identity of the chioroplast genomes of S. vulgaris ssp. vulgaris and S. squalidus L. and (ii) the divergence of the chloroplast genomes of ssp. vulgaris and Ainsdale ssp. denticulatus by at least eight site mutations. These results are discussed in the light of evidence derived from morphological, cytological and allozyme studies. Keywords:Asteraceae,molecular variation, Senecio vulgaris ssp. vulgaris, S. vulgaris ssp. denti- culatus. Introduction characteristically spathulate leaf shape (Allen, 1967; Kadereit, 1984b). Seneciovulgaris L., the common groundsel, is one of Within Senecio vulgaris ssp. vulgaris, two varieties the most widespread annual/ephemeral species in are recognized: var. vulgaris, the more frequent non- Britain. Taxonomically two subspecies are recognized, radiate variety and var. hibernicus, an inland radiate which differ ecologically. Senecio vulgaris ssp. vu/guns variety which has increased in frequency in recent is the common weedy groundsel associated with dis- years.