Extensive Chromosomal Variation in a Recently Formed Natural Allopolyploid Species, Tragopogon Miscellus (Asteraceae)
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Polyploidy19 Program.Pdf
Preface Yves Van de Peer The study of polyploidy dates back more than 100 years to the work of biologists such as Hugo de Vries and G. Ledyard Stebbins Jr. It has since then been realized that polyploidy is widespread and commonplace in plants. Although polyploidy is much rarer in animals, there are also numerous cases of currently polyploid insects, fishes, amphibians and reptiles. For a long time, ancient polyploidy events, dating back millions of years, were much less well documented and it was not until the advent of genomic technologies that conclusive evidence of ancient whole genome duplications (WGD) events became available and we now have evidence for tens, or even hundreds, of ancient WGD events. Explanations of the short-term success of polyploids are usually centered on the effects of genomic changes and increased genetic variation, which are mediated by changes in gene expression and epigenetic remodeling. Increased genetic variation, together with the direct cytogenetic conse- quences of genome doubling, can potentially affect the morphology and physiology of newly formed polyploids and could lead to alterations of ecologically and envi- ronmentally suitable conditions. For instance, it has repeatedly been proposed that polyploids have increased environmental robustness than do diploids, potentially leading to evolutionary advantages during periods of environmental turmoil. More- over, polyploidy has also sometimes been linked with higher diversification rates. Long(er)-term implications of WGD might be evolutionary innovation and increase in biological complexity by the biased retention of regulatory and developmental genes, which, given time, might diversify in function or cause rewiring of gene regulatory networks. -
Tribu Cardueae Hurrell, Julio Alberto Plantas Cultivadas De La Argent
FamiliaFamilia Asteraceae Asteraceae - - Tribu Tribu Cichorieae Cardueae Hurrell, Julio Alberto Plantas cultivadas de la Argentina : asteráceas-compuestas / Julio Alberto Hurrell ; Néstor D. Bayón ; Gustavo Delucchi. - 1a ed. - Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires : Hemisferio Sur, 2017. 576 p. ; 24 x 17 cm. ISBN 978-950-504-634-8 1. Cultivo. 2. Plantas. I. Bayón, Néstor D. II. Delucchi, Gustavo III. Título CDD 580 © Editorial Hemisferio Sur S.A. 1a. edición, 2017 Pasteur 743, C1028AAO - Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Telefax: (54-11) 4952-8454 e-mail: [email protected] http//www.hemisferiosur.com.ar Reservados todos los derechos de la presente edición para todos los países. Este libro no se podrá reproducir total o parcialmente por ningún método gráfico, electrónico, mecánico o cualquier otro, incluyendo los sistemas de fotocopia y fotoduplicación, registro magnetofónico o de alimentación de datos, sin expreso consentimiento de la Editorial. Hecho el depósito que prevé la ley 11.723 IMPRESO EN LA ARGENTINA PRINTED IN ARGENTINA ISBN 978-950-504-634-8 Fotografías de tapa (Pericallis hybrida) y contratapa (Cosmos bipinnatus) por Daniel H. Bazzano. Esta edición se terminó de imprimir en Gráfica Laf S.R.L., Monteagudo 741, Villa Lynch, San Martín, Provincia de Buenos Aires. Se utilizó para su interior papel ilustración de 115 gramos; para sus tapas, papel ilustración de 300 gramos. Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina Septiembre de 2017. 192 Plantas cultivadas de la Argentina Plantas cultivadas de la Argentina Asteráceas (= Compuestas) Julio A. Hurrell Néstor D. Bayón Gustavo Delucchi Editores Editorial Hemisferio Sur Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires 2017 193 FamiliaFamilia Asteraceae Asteraceae - - Tribu Tribu Cichorieae Cardueae Autores María B. -
Backcross Compatibility in Hybrids Between Brassicoraphanus (Brassica Oleracea X Raphanus Sativus) and Cruciferous Crops, and Clubroot Resistance in Their BC, Plants
九州大学学術情報リポジトリ Kyushu University Institutional Repository Backcross Compatibility in Hybrids between Brassicoraphanus (Brassica oleracea X Raphanus sativus) and Cruciferous Crops, and Clubroot Resistance in Their BC, Plants Long, Ming Hua Laboratory of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University Okubo, Hiroshi Laboratory of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University Fujieda, Kunimitsu Laboratory of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University https://doi.org/10.5109/23996 出版情報:九州大学大学院農学研究院紀要. 37 (1), pp.41-50, 1992-12. 九州大学農学部 バージョン: 権利関係: J. Fat. Agr., Kyushu Univ., 37 (l), 41-50 (1992) Backcross Compatibility in Hybrids between Brassicoraphanus (Brassica oleracea X Raphanus satiuus) and Cruciferous Crops, and Clubroot Resistance in Their BC, Plants Ming Hua Long*, Hiroshi Okubo and Kunimitsu F’ujieda Laboratory of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University 46-01, Fukuoka 812, Japan (Received April 30, 1992) All the F, hybrids between Brassicoruphunus ‘K-11’ and cruciferous crops showed very low pollen and seed fertility. Backcrossings of the F, hybrids with Raphunus sutiws and Brassica campestnk each were successful, whereas those with B. oleracea were almost unsuccessful under natural conditions. BC1 plants could be obtained through embryo culture when F, hybrids were backcrossed with B. oleracea. In the backcrossings with R. sativus and B. campestris each, seed fertility was improved as the backcross generation and selection of the plants advanced. One to three trivalents were observed in the PMCs of BC1 plants obtained by backcrossing F, hybrids with B. campestris. Clubroot resistant plants were obtained from BC, progenies derived from backcrossing of the BC, hybrids with R. sat&us and B. -
The Pennsylvania State University
The Pennsylvania State University The Graduate School Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Plant Biology PHYLOGENOMIC ANALYSIS OF ANCIENT GENOME DUPLICATIONS IN THE HISTORY OF PLANTS A Dissertation in Plant Biology by Yuannian Jiao © 2011 Yuannian Jiao Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy December 2011 The dissertation of Yuannian Jiao was reviewed and approved* by the following: Claude dePamphilis Professor of Biology Dissertation Advisor Chair of Committee Hong Ma Professor of Biology John Carlson Professor of Molecular Genetics Webb Miller Professor of Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics Naomi Altman Professor of Statistics Teh-hui Kao Chair of Plant Biology Graduate Program *Signatures are on file in the Graduate School iii ABSTRACT Whole-genome duplication (WGD), or polyploidy, followed by gene loss and diploidization, has generally been viewed as a primary source of material for the origin of evolutionary novelties. Most flowering plants have been shown to be ancient polyploids that have undergone one or more rounds of WGDs early in their evolution, and many lineages have since undergone additional, independent and more recent genome duplications. It was suggested that the paleopolyploidy events were crucial to the radiation and success of angiosperms, but evidence for proposed ancient genome duplications remains equivocal. Plant genomes are highly dynamic and usually go through intense structural rearrangements and gene loss following duplication. Old(er) WGDs can not -
Evidence from Analysis of Synthetic Arabidopsis Allohexaploids
INVESTIGATION Allopolyploidization Lays the Foundation for Evolution of Distinct Populations: Evidence From Analysis of Synthetic Arabidopsis Allohexaploids Starr C. Matsushita,* Anand P. Tyagi,*,† Gerad M. Thornton,* J. Chris Pires,‡ and Andreas Madlung*,1 *Department of Biology, University of Puget Sound, Tacoma, Washington, 98416, †School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of the South Pacific, Suva, Fiji, and ‡Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, 65211-7310 ABSTRACT Polyploidization is an important mechanism for introducing diversity into a population and promoting evolutionary change. It is believed that most, if not all, angiosperms have undergone whole genome duplication events in their evolutionary history, which has led to changes in genome structure, gene regulation, and chromosome maintenance. Previous studies have shown that polyploidy can coincide with meiotic abnormalities and somatic cytogenetic mosaics in Arabidopsis allotetraploids, but it is unclear whether this phenomenon can contribute to novel diversity or act as a mechanism for speciation. In this study we tested the hypothesis that mosaic aneuploidy contributes to the formation of incipient diversity in neoallopolyploids. We generated a population of synthesized Arabi- dopsis allohexaploids and monitored karyotypic and phenotypic variation in this population over the first seven generations. We found evidence of sibling line-specific chromosome number variations and rapidly diverging phenotypes between lines, including -
Genetic Diversity and Evolution in Lactuca L. (Asteraceae)
Genetic diversity and evolution in Lactuca L. (Asteraceae) from phylogeny to molecular breeding Zhen Wei Thesis committee Promotor Prof. Dr M.E. Schranz Professor of Biosystematics Wageningen University Other members Prof. Dr P.C. Struik, Wageningen University Dr N. Kilian, Free University of Berlin, Germany Dr R. van Treuren, Wageningen University Dr M.J.W. Jeuken, Wageningen University This research was conducted under the auspices of the Graduate School of Experimental Plant Sciences. Genetic diversity and evolution in Lactuca L. (Asteraceae) from phylogeny to molecular breeding Zhen Wei Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of doctor at Wageningen University by the authority of the Rector Magnificus Prof. Dr A.P.J. Mol, in the presence of the Thesis Committee appointed by the Academic Board to be defended in public on Monday 25 January 2016 at 1.30 p.m. in the Aula. Zhen Wei Genetic diversity and evolution in Lactuca L. (Asteraceae) - from phylogeny to molecular breeding, 210 pages. PhD thesis, Wageningen University, Wageningen, NL (2016) With references, with summary in Dutch and English ISBN 978-94-6257-614-8 Contents Chapter 1 General introduction 7 Chapter 2 Phylogenetic relationships within Lactuca L. (Asteraceae), including African species, based on chloroplast DNA sequence comparisons* 31 Chapter 3 Phylogenetic analysis of Lactuca L. and closely related genera (Asteraceae), using complete chloroplast genomes and nuclear rDNA sequences 99 Chapter 4 A mixed model QTL analysis for salt tolerance in -
Remarks on Brassica
International Journal of AgriScience Vol. 3(6): 453-480, June 2013 www.inacj.com ISSN: 2228-6322© International Academic Journals The wild and the grown – remarks on Brassica Hammer K.¹*, Gladis Th.¹ , Laghetti G.² , Pignone D.² ¹Former Institute of Crop Science, University of Kassel, Witzenhausen, Germany. * Author for correspondence (email: [email protected]) ²CNR – Institute of Plant Genetics, Bari, Italy. Received mmmm yyyy; accepted in revised form mmmmm yyyy ABSTRACT Brassica is a genus of the Cruciferae (Brassicaceae). The wild races are concentrated in the Mediterranean area with one species in CE Africa (Brassica somaliensis Hedge et A. Miller) and several weedy races reaching E Asia. Amphidiploid evolution is characteristic for the genus. The diploid species Brassica nigra (L.) Koch (n = 8), Brassica rapa L. emend. Metzg. (n = 10, syn.: B. campestris L.) and Brassica oleracea L. (n = 9) all show a rich variation under domestication. From the naturally occurring amphidiploids Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. (n = 18), Brassica napus L. emend. Metzg. (n = 19) and the rare Brassica carinata A. Braun (n = 17) also some vegetable races have developed. The man-made Brassica ×harmsiana O.E. Schulz (Brassica oleracea × Brassica rapa, n = 29, n = 39), or similar hybrids, serve also for the development of new vegetables. Brassica tournefortii Gouan (n = 10) from another Brassica- cytodeme, different from the Brassica rapa group, is occasionally grown as a vegetable in India. Brassica has developed two hotspots under cultivation, in the Mediterranean area and in E Asia. Cultivation by man has changed the different Brassica species in a characteristic way. The large amount of morphologic variation, which exceeded in many cases variations occurring in distinct wild species, has been observed by the classical botanists by adding these variations to their natural species by using Greek letters. -
(Under the Direction of JOHN M. BURKE) ABSTRACT the Chapters of This Dissertation Are Designed to Investigate Speciation in T
POPULATION GENETIC STUDIES OF SPECIATION IN THE PLANT GENUS STEPHANOMERIA (ASTERACEA) by NATASHA ANN SHERMAN (Under the Direction of JOHN M. BURKE) ABSTRACT The chapters of this dissertation are designed to investigate speciation in the plant genus Stephanomeria. Genetic markers were developed, and population genetic studies performed. In the first study, the goal was to investigate: the putative homoploid hybrid origin of Stephanomeria diegensis; whether this species arose once or on multiple occasions; and which subspecies of the parental taxa were involved in the original speciation event. The data presented support a hybrid origin of S. diegensis. In addition, the results showed the S. diegensis most likely arose once, and that S. exigua ssp. exigua or S. exigua ssp. deanei were involved in the formation. It was not possible to identify the subspecies of S. virgata involved. The second study investigates the allopolyploid origin of S. elata. The number of origins was investigated, as was the level of differentiation between two recognizable morphotypes, termed the Northern and Southern morphotype. This work identified three origins, with two origins found in the Southern morphotype and one in the Northern morphotype. The third study analyzed population genetic diversity in a disjunct population of S. exigua ssp. coronaria termed the Frenchglen population. This population is of particular interest because it is a peripheral isolate that gave rise to the endangered S. malheurensis. The Frenchglen population was found to be genetically robust, and unique from populations from the balance of the range of S. exigua ssp. coronaria. INDEX WORDS: speciation, hybridization, population genetic, homoploid, allopolyploid, peripatric, peripheral isolate POPULATION GENETIC STUDIES OF SPECIATION IN THE PLANT GENUS STEPHANOMERIA (ASTERACEAE) by Natasha Ann Sherman B.S. -
Synthesis and Fertility of Xbrassicoraphanus and Ways Of
i C?2o Q\7- C Synthesis andfertilit y of xBrassicoraphanus andway s of transferring Raphanus characters to Brassica O.Dolst i NN0B201.912 O. Dolstra Synthesis andfertilit y ofxBrassicoraphanu s andway so ftransferrin g Raphanus characters toBrassic a Proefschrift terverkrijgin gva nd egraa dva n doctori nd elandbouwwetenschappen , op gezagva nd erecto rmagnificus , dr.C.C .Oosterlee , hoogleraar ind eveeteeltwetenschap , inhe topenbaa rt everdedige n opvrijda g2 9oktobe r198 2 desnamiddag s tevie ruu ri nd eaul a vand eLandbouwhogeschoo l teWageningen . Centre for Agricultural Publishing and Documentation Wageningen - 1982 Abstract Dolstra,0. ,1982 .Synthesi san d fertility ofxBrassicoraphanu s andway s oftransfer ringRaphanu s characters toBrassica .Agric .Res .Rep . (Versl.landbouwk .Onderz. ) 917,ISB N90-220-0805-3 ,(viii )+ 9 0p. ,3 8tables ,1 4figs ,11 4refs ,Eng .an dDutc h summaries. Also:Doctora lthesis ,Wageningen . About25 0intergeneri chybrid swit hth egenom e constitutionAR ,AAR Ro rAR Rwer eob tained fromove r 1500 0crosse sbetwee nBrassic a campestris (AAo rAAAA ,femal eparent ) andRaphanu s sativus (RRo rRRRR) .Th epoo rcrossabilit ywa s shownt ob ea consequenc e ofvariou sbreedin gbarriers .Th ediploi d andtetraploi dhybrid swer e studied inform , fertility,chromosom eassociatio na tmeiosi san d crossabilitybot hamon gth ehybrid s and incrosse swit hth eparenta l speciesan dBrassic a napus•XBrassicoraphanu s (AARR) wasbackcrosse d twicewit hB .campestri s (AA),an dwa sals ocrosse d andbackcrosse d withB .napu s (AACC).For man d chromosomeassociatio na tmeiosi s inAA Ran dAAC Rhy bridswer estudied . Twopopulation so fXBrassicoraphanu s (AARR)wer epropagate d and studied inmor ede tail,partl y forpossibl esuitabilit ya sa ne wcrop .Mos tplant swer ehighl ysteril e becauseo fbreedin gbarriers ,whic hwer esimila rt othos ei nth eorigina l intergeneric crosses.Th eincreas ei nfertilit yan dchromosoma l stabilitywer e studied inth efirs t threegeneration s ofth epopulations . -
Plant Inventory No. 173
Plant Inventory No. 173 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Washington, D.C., March 1969 UCED JANUARY 1 to DECEMBER 31, 1965 (N( >. 303628 to 310335) MAY 2 6 1969 CONTENTS Page Inventory 8 Index of common and scientific names 257 This inventory, No. 173, lists the plant material (Nos. 303628 to 310335) received by the New Crops Research Branch, Crops Research Division, Agricultural Research Service, during the period from January 1 to December 31, 1965. The inventory is a historical record of plant material introduced for Department and other specialists and is not to be considered as a list of plant ma- terial for distribution. The species names used are those under which the plant ma- terial was received. These have been corrected only for spelling, authorities, and obvious synonymy. Questions related to the names published in the inventory and obvious errors should be directed to the author. If misidentification is apparent, please submit an herbarium specimen with flowers and fruit for reidentification. HOWARD L. HYLAND Botanist Plant Industry Station Beltsville, Md. INVENTORY 303628. DIGITARIA DIDACTYLA Willd. var DECALVATA Henr. Gramineae. From Australia. Plants presented by the Commonwealth Scientific and In- dustrial Research Organization, Canberra. Received Jan. 8, 1965. Grown at West Ryde, Sydney. 303629. BRASSICA OLERACEA var. CAPITATA L. Cruciferae. Cabbage. From the Republic of South Africa. Seeds presented by Chief, Division of Plant and Seed Control, Department of Agricultural Technical Services, Pretoria. Received Jan. 11, 1965. Cabbage Number 20. 303630 to 303634. TRITICUM AESTIVUM L. Gramineae. From Australia. Seeds presented by the Agricultural College, Roseworthy. Received Jan. 11,1965. -
Division of Plant Exploration and Germplasm Collection 1
okf"kZd izfrosnu Annual Report 2015-16 HkkÑvuqi&jk"Vªh; ikni vkuqOakf'kd Laklk/u C;wjks (Hkkjrh; Ñf"k vuqLak/ku ifj"kn) iwlk ifjlj] ubZ fnYyh&110 012 ICAR-NATIONAL BUREAU OF PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES (Indian Council of Agricultural Research) Pusa Campus, New Delhi - 110 012 Supervision and Guidance : Dr KC Bansal, Director Dr SC Dubey, Director (Acting) and Chairman, Publication Committee Compiled and Edited by : Dr Kavita Gupta, Principal Scientist Dr Anjali Kak, Principal Scientist Dr Vandana Tyagi, Principal Scientist Dr MK Rana, Principal Scientist Dr TV Prasad, Senior Scientist Dr K Pradheep, Senior Scientist Citation : Anonymous (2016). Annual Report of the ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources 2015-16, NBPGR, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, India, 195 + x p. This report includes unprocessed or semi-processed data, which would form the basis of scientific papers in due course. The material contained in the report therefore may not be made use of without the written permission of the Director, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi except for quoting it for scientific reference. Published by the Director, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, Pusa Campus, New Delhi-110 012, and Printed at Alpha Printographics (India), New Delhi-110 028. Tel.: 9999039940, 9811199620 CONTENTS Preface v Acronyms and Abbreviations vii-x dk;Zdkjh lkjka'k 1-6 Executive Summary 7-13 Introduction 14-18 1 Division of Plant Exploration and Germplasm Collection 19-27 2 Germplasm Exchange Unit 28-33 3 Division of Plant Quarantine -
Flowering Sativus) and Response of Hakuran
J. Japan. Soc. Hort. Sci. 59 (3) : 559-564. 1990. Flowering Response of Byassicoraphanus (Brassica oleyacea x Rap hanus sativus) and Hakuran (B. x napus) in Relation to Endogenous Gibberellins Ming Hua LONG, Hiroshi OKUBO and Kunimitsu FUJIEDA Laboratory of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812 Summary Flowering response in intergeneric hybrid Brassicoraphanus (Brassica oleracea x Raphanus sativus, 2n = 36) and interspecific hybrid Hakuran (B. x napus, 2n = 38) was compared to their parental species with respect to their endogenous gibberellin (GA) contents. Flowering response of both hybrids was similar to that of their seed vernalization type parental spe- cies, e.g., R. sativus and B. campestris, respectively, but sensitivity of progenies to vernali- zation treatment was lowered and still unstable. Endogenous GA increased in hybrids and parental species after seed vernalization, but the GA content in vernalized hybrid seedlings was not intermediate compared to levels in the vernalized parental species. Increase in the endogenous GA in the vernalized plants was independent of the flowering response to ver- nalization. ran in relation to the changes in endogenous Introduction gibberellins (GA) in comparison with those of their Since Cruciferae encompasses different groups parental species. This may be one approach to having different chromosome numbers, breeding of study the role of GA in the flowering phenomenon. new types of the plants useful for various purposes Materials and Methods has been emphasized (17,21) and proved to be pos- sible through artificial interspecific and intergeneric Plant materials and growing conditions hybridization (10,11,18, 23). Brassicoraphanus (2n = 36), which originated from the progeny of Intergeneric hybrid Brassico rap hanus, strain `K Brassica oleracea x Raphanus sativus, is an am- -11' , interspecific hybrid Hakuran cv.