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Interspecific Hybridization in the Genustulipal

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Interspecific Hybridization in the Genustulipal Interspecific hybridization in the genus Tulipa L. CENTRALE LANDBOUW/CATALOGUS 0000 0921 0416 Promotor: Dr. J.L. vanWen t Hoogleraar in de Experimentele Plantenmorfologie en Celbiologie Co-promotor: Dr. Ir. J.M. van Tuyl Senior onderzoeker CPRO-DLO afdeling Siergewassen ,(HO^n\ Aj y* ~j Interspecific hybridization in the genus Tulipa L. M.G.M. van Creij Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor, op gezag van de rector magnificus van de Landbouwuniversiteit Wageningen, dr. C.M. Karssen, inhe t openbaar te verdedigen op woensdag 12februar i 1997 des namiddags te half twee in deAula . A '"l O '-A ';•-•,• "\ CIP-DATA KONINKLIJKE BIBLIOTHEEK, DENHAA G Van Creij, M.G.M. Interspecific hybridization in the genus Tulipa L. M.G.M. van Creij. - [S.l.:s.n.]. Fig., Tab. Thesis Wageningen. - With ref. - With summary in Dutch ISBN 90-5485-634-3 Keywords: tulip, crossing barriers, embryo rescue techniques, in vitro pollination LA.., ". :.:v,,^:, . , û ^o?iû^ 2& -° Stellingen behorende bij het proefschrift getiteld: Interspecific hybridization in the genus Tulipa L. 1. De variatie gevonden in de mate van optreden van kruisingsbarrières binnen een combinatie moet toegeschreven worden aan moeilijk controleerbare fysiologische effecten. Ditproefschrift. 2. Iedereembryo-reddingstechniek , toegepasto phetzelfd e gewas,stel tzij neige neise nte n aanzien van de samenstelling van het medium. Ditproefschrift. 3. De efficiëntie van het verkrijgen van gekiemde embryo's van tulp kan aanzienlijk verbeterd worden door strenge selectie in het uitgangsmateriaal in combinatie met toepassing van verschillende bestuivings- en embryo-reddingstechnieken. Dit proefschrift. 4. Bolvorming in vitro van tulp en de uitplantbaarheid van in vitro gevormde tulpenbolletjes verdient een hoge prioriteit binnen het huidige tulpenonderzoek. Dit proefschrift. 5. Zolang de mechanismen die kruisingsbarrières in interspecifieke combinaties veroorzaken niet gedefinieerd zijn, is het duidelijker oméé n term voor deze barrières te gebruiken. 6. Alleen door tulpenonderzoek kan de tulp voor Nederland een levend, promotioneel effectief symbool blijven. 7. Het begeleiden van promovendi is in 1 aspect vergelijkbaar met het opvoeden van kinderen: omhe t bestecontac t met ze tebehoude n moetenz e opee ngegeve nmomen t losgelaten worden. 8. Materialisme van het individu leidt tot milieuvervuiling. 9. Voor een optimale uitvoering van human resource management zouden mannen het taalgebruik van vrouwen gedeeltelijk over moeten nemen. Mensink, J.C.M., 1991. Dynamiekin humanresource management. Lemma b.v., Utrecht, 228pp. Tannen, D., 1994. Woorden aanhet werk: Hoevrouwen enmannen ophet werk met elkaarpraten. Prometheus, Amsterdam, 328pp. 10. Gezien de duur van het zwangerschapsverlof wordt dezwaart e van een zwangerschap en de post-partum periode in Nederland, ten opzichte van andere europese landen, onderschat. Kleiverda, G., 1990. Transition to parenthood: women's experiences of "labour". Thesis, University ofAmsterdam, Amsterdam, pp 1-30. 11. Degenen die hard roepen dat ze het druk hebben, hebben tijd over. Marjan G.M. van Creij Dordrecht, 7januar i 1997 voor mijn ouders Voorwoord In juli 1990 ben ik gestart met het onderzoek getiteld "Bloembiologische technieken in soortkruisingsonderzoek bij lelie,tul pe ngladiool" . Ditprojec t waséé nva nd eprojecte n uit het Urgentieprogramma Bollenziekte- en veredelingsonderzoek, dat voor 50% gefinancierd werd door het Nederlandse bollenbedrijfsleven via het Produktschap voor Siergewassen en voor 50% door het Ministerie van Landbouw, Natuurbeheer enVisserij . Tijdens de sollicitatiegesprekken is mij gevraagd of ik graag wilde promoveren. Mijn antwoord daarop was: Nee. Dit bleek een goed antwoord te zijn, want het zag er niet naar uit dat een promotie op dit project mogelijk zou zijn. Nu6V 2 jaar later ligt er dan tochee n proefschrift over soortkruisingsonderzoek bij tulp. Dit is gelukt door de verlenging vanhe t 3-jarige project met 9maanden , doordat tulp tochnie t zoveel problemen bleek te geven bij in vitro cultures als gedacht en door dehul pe n steun van heel veel mensen. Een ieder die bijgedragen heeft aan dit onderzoek en al degenen die voor een leuke werksfeer gezorgd hebben wil ik daarvoor hartelijk danken. Enkelen van hen wil ikhierbi j nogmaals noemen. DanielleKerckhoff s wili knatuurlij k alseerst ebedanken . Driejaar hebbenw esame naa n dit project gewerkt. Veel van hetbeschreve n werk isda noo kdoo rjo uuitgevoerd . Dr. Jaap M.va nTuyl ,mij n directebegeleide r enco-promoter , wili kbedanke nvoo rd evel eadvieze n die ik gekregen heb tijdens mijn onderzoek. Mijn promotor, Prof. Dr. J.L. Went, ben ik zeer erkentelijk voor het bestuderen van mijn manuscripten, maar zeker ook voor devel e urendi ehi j besteedtheef t aanhe t samenme tmi j analyseren vand eembryo-ontwikkelin gbi j tulp.Beid ewi li kbedanke nvoo rhe t snelbestudere nva nmij nmanuscripten , ondankshe tfei t dat ik ze vaak pas vlak voor een afspraak naar jullie toestuurden. Hein van Holsteijn, afdelingshoofd Siergewassen, programmaleider van het Urgentieprogramma en lid van de projectgroep, wili kbedanke nvoo rzij nbijdrag eaa ndi tonderzoek , opwel kgebie d danook . Ookd eander e ledenva nd eprojectgroep , WimEikelboom , Mariava nDien , Bertus Meijer, Jan Custers en Leo van Raamsdonk wil ikbedanke n voor hun adviezen en soms praktische hulp. Drie studenten hebben aan het onderzoek aan lelie en tulp meegewerkt: Jan-Willem Braakhekke, Pieter Veldkamp en Lia de Haas. Jullie enthousiasme heb ik als zeer prettig ervaren enjulli ehebbe n gezorgd voor leuke extra resultaten voor dit onderzoek. Vervolgens wil ik Wim Eikelboom, Willem van Dijk, Paul van Empel, Piet Kaagman, Ad van Dijken, Gerrit Terwoert, Hans Jansen en de overige medewerkers bedanken die ervoorgezorg dhebbe nda tw ealtij d eengoed ekwalitei ttulpe ne nlelie sto tonz ebeschikkin g hadden. Hans Jansen ben ikerkentelij k voor het uitvoeren van de statistische analyses. We zullen maar zeggen dat goed werk tijd nodig heeft. Ineke Booy en DorineDonkers-Venn e wil ikbedanke n voorhe t uitvoeren van deisozy m analyses. KoosKeijze r enJuliett eJanso n wil ik bedanken voor de adviezen die ik gekregen heb van hun voor debestuderin g van de microscopische preparaten. Steef de Bruin en Dick Vreugdenhil wil ik bedanken voor de monstersdi ezi jvoo rmi jgeanalyseer d hebbeno pd einhou dcarbohydraten . Dezebepalinge n zijn mede gefinancierd door "The European Communities' BIOTECH Programme" als onderdeel van "TheProjec t ofTechnologica lPriorit y 1993-1996".D efotodiens tva nCPRO - DLO, S. Massait, A. Haasdijk en P. Snippenburg ben ik zeer erkentelijk voor het maken, ontwikkelen en rasteren van defoto's . Natuurlijk wil ikoo kmij n collega's van de Afdeling Siergewassen vanCPRO-DL Oe ni nhe tbijzonde r vand esecti eBolgewasse n bedankenvoo r de leerzame discussie's en debemoedigend e woorden. Verder zijn er nogee n groot aantalpersone n diemij n hoofdstukken bijgeschaafd hebben tot de vorm waarin ze in dit proefschrift gepubliceerd worden. Als eerste wil ik Hans Sandbrinkbedanke ndi ezomaar , omdathi jhe tleu kvond , mijnhel eproefschrif t doorgelezen heeft envoorzie nheef t vanvee lnutti gcommentaar . Deoverig epersonen , RaoulBino ,Hei n van Holsteijn, L. van der Plas, Jan Custers, Huub Löffler en Dolf Straathof, die mijn manuscripten grondig bestudeerd hebben ben ik zeer erkentelijk. Jonathan Crouch en FranchieBehnen-Bonebakke r wili kbedanke nvoo rd ecorrectie s vand eengels etaal .Verde r wil ika ldegen e bedanken dieervoo r gezorgd hebben dat deafstan d Dordrecht-Wageningen makkelijker teoverbrugge nwa sdoo rhe ttoesture nva nartikelen ,he topzoeke nva ngegevens , het uitvoeren van kleine bepalingen en het uitprinten van e-mail berichten. Ooki nonz enaast eomgevin gi she tnie tonopgemerk tgebleve nda ti kee nproefschrif t aan het schrijven was. Tegen vrienden wil ik dan ook zeggen: we hebben weer tijd! (Alhoewel eennieuw ewereldburge r zalon sd ekomend etij dwee r aardigbezighouden. ) Rigarda, Peter, Carlijn, Daan en Loes bedankt voor de steun de afgelopen jaren en voor het regelen van zaken de ik dreigde te vergeten. Het isfijn t e zien dat Martijn zich zo goed bij julliethui s voelt. Tegen mijn ouders wil ik zeggen: dit proefschrift is niet voor niets aan jullie opgedragen, zonderjulli e steun, moreel en praktisch, had dit proefschrift er nog lang niet gelegen. Ennatuurlij k wilMartij nno gsteed sgraa g metom aMiek ee nop aWi mspelen !Aat , samenhebbe nw ehe t gered, ...eindelij kwee rvrij e tijd. Tegenonz eMartijn , nua lwee rrui m 2jaa r oud, willen weda n ook samen zeggen: Wegaa n voortaan gezellig met z'n vieren op stap! Contents Abbreviations 1. General introduction 1 2. Interspecific crosses in the genus Tulipa L.: identification of 29 pre-fertilization barriers 3. The progamic phase and embryo and endosperm development in a 45 compatible T. gesneriana L. cross and inth e incongruent cross T. gesneriana x T. agenensis DC. 4. Application of three pollination techniques and of hormone 61 treatments for bypassing interspecific crossing barriers in Tulipa L. 5. The effect of ovule age on ovary-slice culture and ovulecultur e 73 in intraspecific and interspecific crosses with Tulipa gesneriana L. 6. The effect of medium compositiono n ovary-slice culture and ovule 89 culture in intraspecific Tulipa gesneriana L. crosses 7. Influence of medium composition on invitr o pollination of 103 Tulipa gesneriana L. 8. General discussion 123 References 137 Summary 153 Samenvatting 157 Related Publications 161 Curriculum
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