Vincentians in the Philippines·
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Vincentians in the Philippines· -? C1l tf/l~~ (Ifk by: Rolando Dela Goza, C.Ni. and Jesus Ma. Cavanna, C.M. rI.rr--f / r&-C Manila 1985 Imprimi Potest Rolando Dela Goza, C.M. Visitator Provincialis Nihil Obstat Maximino Temprado, C.M. Censor Deputatus IMPRIMATUR t JAIME Cardinal L. SIN, D. D. Archiepiscopus Manilensis Publication of this book has been aided by a grant from Adamson University and the Marian Center, Inc., Manila, Philippines Typeset by VERA REYES, INC., Quezon City, M.M. Printed at SALESIANA PUBLISHERS, Makati, M.M. © Copyright 1985 by CONGREGACION DE LA MISION EN FlLlPINAS, INC. All rights reserved IN NOMINE DOMINI To the Immaculate Vir!?in "Mother of Christ and our Mother" MARY ASSUMED INTO HEAVEN Patroness of the Congregation of the Mission this modest work is offered as a token of gratitude for her "assistance and the protection of God" she promised to the Vincentian Communities 011 July 19, 1830 *** 1985 This Marian Year of the Bimillenium Anniversary of the Blessed Virgin's Nativity Saint VINCENT DE PAUL April 5, 1580; -+September 27,1660 Founded Congregation of the Mission: April 17, 1625 Founded Daughters of Charity: November 29,1633 (Painting made by Simon Francois during the life of the Saint. It was the property of Queen Anna ofAustria . It is preserved today in Paris.) CONTENTS Page FOREWORD PART ONE VINCENTIANS DURING THE SPANISH REGIME Chapter One HISTORICAL ANTECEDENTS (1847-1851) ... .... .. 3 Apostle of the poor .. 3 The Congregation of the Mission .. .. .... ..... .. .. 4 The Daughters of Charity ......... ... ... .. .... ...... 5 Spain in the 19th century ...... ...... ..... .. .... ... .. 7 The Vincenti an Province ..... .. ... ..... .. ... ... .. 9 Solution to an unsavory problem .. .... ... ..... ...... ... 10 Final arrangements ....... .. .. ....... ..... .. ...... .. 11 Chapter Two FIRST VINCENTIAN MISSION (1852-1862) 15 -Royal Patronage for the Vincentian Mission .. .. .. ...... .. 15 Internal Schism .. .. ... ....... .... .. ..... .. .. 17 Selecting the personnel ............... .. .... ....... ... 20 Three months across the sea 24 Chapter Three A PROBLEM TO BE FACED 29 The Filipino Native Clergy ..... ...... ... .. .. .. .... 29 Factors that explain the problem ........ .. .. .. ..... .. 31 1) Early mission ideas ......... ...... ... ... .. ... 31 2) Royal Patronage . ...... ..... ........ .. .... .. ... 35 3) Paternalism of Spanish colonial system .... .. ..... 48 4) Extension of the missionary enterprise ... .... .... 30 5) Missionary policies in Spanish America .. ......... .. .. 53 Insistent efforts to solve the problem . ... .. .. .. ... ... 61 11 Contents Chapter Four TAKING OVER THE MANILA SEMINARY (1862-1865) 69 New setup in San Carlos Seminary """" """"""""""" " " " " " " " " " 69 Evaluation from Madrid " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " 72 More missionaries """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" "" 74 Contract made with the Archdiocese of Manila "" """"""""" " "" 75 The 1863 earthquake """"" """"" " "" """""""" """" """"" "" """" 77 After the trial, life as usual" " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " 78 Chapter Five FIRST EXPANSION: NAGA AND CEBU (1865-1870) " " " " " " 81 The Bicol Region " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " 81 Preparation for the Naga Seminary """"""""" "" "" " "" "" "" """" 81 ~ Running the N aga Seminary """ "" """" "" """""""" "" . """"""". 85 j Cebu at the coming of the Vincentians " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " 87 Period of waiting """" """"" """"" """""""""""""""""" """ """"" 88 Inconspicuous beginnings """""""""""""""""" " "" ". """""""" "" 90 Early Vincentians in the Philippines " "" " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " 93 ! Chapter Six NEW FRONTIERS: lARO AND VIGAN (1865-1876) 94 A new Philippine diocese: laro """""""""""""""""""""""""""" 94 Community organization """""""" """""""""" "" "" """""""" "" 98 The Vincenti an Mission becomes a Vice-Province" " " " " " " " " " " " 98 The diocese of Nueva Segovia """"""""""""" """"""""""" " " " " 99 The Seminary of Vigan """""""" . "" """" . """"" . """""" """"" " 99 Preparations and contract """"""""""""""""""" """"""" """""" 100 Vigan Seminary under the Vincentiaris """ " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " 101 New policies and improvements """""""""""" """"""""""" """ 102 Academic life """""" """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" " "" 105 Methods of teaching in the Philippine Seminaries """"" ."""""" 106 The Vincentians leave Vigan """ " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " 107 Chapter Seven TIME TO GROW (1870-1890) """" """"""""""""""" """ """"" " 113 The Philippine Vice-Province becomes a Province" " " " " " " " " " " " 113 Fr" Diego Salmeron " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " 118 A new Provincial """"" . """ """"""""" . """"" "."""""""""""" "" 119 Fr. Manuel Orriols "" """ " "" ". """"" ". """""" """" """"""""" . " 120 A place of their own """ " "" """""""""""""""""""""""""""" . " 120 The San Marcelino "Casa de Campo", a Retreat House """""" 122 Personnel reinforcement in 1871-1890 """"""" "" """"""""""""" 124 Faithful servants recalled """"" """"" """""" ." """ "" . """" """" 124 Contents iii Fr. Gregorio Velasco .................. .. ............ 125 Fr. Julian Illera ................ ................. .... 128 Fr. Ildefonso Moral ....... ..... ........... ... ....... 129 Fr. Aquilino Valdivielso . .... .. ..... ................. 135 Fr. Jose Casarramona .......... ........................ 135 Other missionaries .............. .................. ... 136 The Fathers General and the Philippine Province ........... 139 Chapter Eight TOW ARDS THE GOAL 141 The Seminary of Manila ............................... .. 141 Manila Seminary transferred to San Marcelino .. ......... .. 146 New Rules for the Manila Seminary . .... ......... .... 147 Fr. Jose Lopez de Goicoechea ...................... .. ... 152 Students trained in the Manila Seminary .. ........ ........ 154 Fr. Antonio Santonja of Naga Seminary . .. .. .. .... ...... 156 Further progress after Fr. Santonja . ....... ..... ....... 160 The Seminary of Cebu; Fr. Antonio Farre ........... ... .. 161 Brother Antonio del RIo, and "Escuela del Hermano" .. .... 163 Fr. Fernando de la Canal and "Casa de Caridad" .. ... .... 165 Fr. La Canal and the "Inmaculada" of Cebu .......... .... 166 Fr. Francisco Jarero .......... ....... ........... ..... 171 Fr. Pedro Julia ................ ........................ 172 The Seminary of Jaro . ... ... ............................ 175 Fr. Santiago Serrallonga ........ ; ........................ 176 Vicissitudes after Fr. Serrallonga ....... .. .... ...... .... 178 Chapter Nine STUDIES AND DISCIPLINE ........................... 180 Vincentian Conciliar Seminaries .................... .. .. 183 Academic Program in the Seminaries ... .... ... ...... .... 184 State recognition of Seminary studies ...... .... ....... .... 185 Course of studies in the Minor Seminaries ..... .. .... ...... 188 Course of studies in the Major Seminaries .. .. ........... 190 Administration, methods of teaching, textbooks ........... 192 Ecclesiastical training and clerical discipline ........ ...... 194 Need and importance of spiritual direction ... .... ....... ... 196 "The tree is known by its fruits" . ................. ... 209 Filipino priests, Rectors of parishes ...... ............. .... 211 First Filip-ino Bishops of the 20th century: Most Reverend Jorge Badin ........................... 214 Most Reverend Juan Bautista Gorordo ............ .... 214 Most Reverend Pablo Singzon de la Anunciacion ......... 215 Most Reverend Santiago Sancho . .. ...... ......... .... 216 IV Contents Chapter Ten A PERIOD OF TURMOIL (1890-1900) ..... ....... ... .. 218 Effervescence and turmoil . .. ... ......... .. ...... .. 218 a) Opening of international trade . .. .. ... .. .. .... 218 b) Rise of the middle class ....... .. ..... ... .. ....... 218 c) Impact of continental liberalism . .. .. ... ..... 219 d) Rise of Filipino nationalism . .. ... .. .. .. .. ... .. 220 e) Prejudices and racial discrimination . ..... .... ... 221 f) Secularization controversy ... .......... ......... 222 g) Liberal regime of Governor De la Torre ... .. ..... .. 222 h) Cavite mutiny and Fathers Burgos, Gomez and Zamora .. 223 i) Propaganda movement . ..... ..... .... ....... .... .. 223 The Revolution .. ... .... .... ..... ..... ..... .. 225 War for independence ........... ... .. .. ..... ....... 226 Provincial House of San Marcelino . ... .. .... ...... .. 227 " Province of the Philippines" ...... ... .... ... ..... .. 229 To Manila with generosity ......... .. .. ... .. .... ..... 229 Celebrations with the Dominicans .......... ..... ....... 230 Personnel reinforcement 232 Personnel who accomplished their mission . ....... ... 232 Fr. Francisco J arero ..... .. ............ .... ..... 233 Fr. Miguel Perez Anton . ... ..... .. ..... .. .. .. ... .. 233 Fr. Gabino Lopez .... ....................... ... .... 235 Fr. Fernando de la Canal . .................. ... ..... 236 Fr. Francisco Potellas, the Retreat Master . ... .. ..... .... 236 Fr. Juan Miralda . ........... ......... ....... .. .... .. 239 The Seminary of Manila during the troubled decade .... .... 242 Students of the Manila Seminary ..... .... ... .. ....... 243 Vincentians during the revolution ............ ... .. .. .... 244 Vicissitudes of Vincentians in Manila . ... ..... ...... .... 244 Vicissitudes of Vincentians in Cebu ... .. ..... .. ...