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Home , Baranovichy District, Begoml, Brest District, Brest Region, Chashniki, Chashniki District

The Situation of Children and Young People at the Regional Level in the Republic of

Prepared by Belarus Country Statistical team Co-ordinator: Galyna Gasyuk Ministry of Statistics and Analysis,

MONEE Country Analytical Report November 2004

The project to monitor the impact of economic and social change on children in Eastern and Central Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States (MONEE) was initiated at the UNICEF Innocenti Research Centre in 1992. The project seeks to monitor, analyse and disseminate information on economic and social trends affecting children’s rights and wellbeing in countries in the region. A key feature of the Project is a network of correspondents in the 27 National Statistical Offices (NSOs). On an annual basis these correspondents complete an extensive data template which in turn is used for calculating indicators, supporting research of the project and, in due course, being made publicly available as the TransMonee database and in tables and graphs of the Innocenti Social Monitor.

For a number of years, each participating NSO prepared a Country Analytical Report based on extensive outline from UNICEF IRC on a different theme on the situation of children every year. These analytical reports have provided valuable input into the research at UNICEF IRC and, as significantly, have also served as important national documents on monitoring aspects of child wellbeing in the countries. Some of these Country Analytical Reports have been issued by the NSOs (in the national language) as part of their publication programme.

UNICEF IRC attaches great value to these national assessments of the situation of children and is committed to promote the efforts, including through translating the reports into English (where the submitted report has been in Russian) and offering its website to make them accessible to a wider research audience. The Country Analytical Reports are owned and authored by the National Statistical Offices and are not the intellectual property of UNICEF (see below).

The opinions expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the policies or view of UNICEF. The text has not been edited for official publication standards and UNICEF accepts no responsibility for errors. The designations in this publication do not imply an opinion on legal status of any country or territory, or of its authorities, or the delimitation of frontiers.

Status of children in the Republic of Belarus at the regional level

1. Administrative and territorial division

The current administrative and territorial system in the Republic of Belarus is determined by the Law on Administrative and Territorial Division and the Procedure for Deciding Administrative and Territorial Issues in the Republic of Belarus, passed in 1998. One of the principles of the administrative and territorial structure in the Republic is that of approximate equality of the territorial size and population of administrative and territorial units of a single type. The territory of the Republic of Belarus is divided into the territory of the capital of the Re- public of Belarus and the territories of regions as administrative and territorial units. The territory of a region is divided into the territories of districts and towns of regional sub- ordination as administrative and territorial units. The territory of a district is, in turn, divided into the territories of rural councils, as well as urban type settlements and towns of district subordination, constituting the territorial units. A population centre is a compactly populated part of the territory of the Republic of Belarus, a place of permanent residence, provided with all the facilities required for people’s everyday life, residential and other buildings, its own name, and territorial boundaries established in the corre- sponding manner. Population centres include towns, urban type settlements and rural population centres. In the Republic of Belarus, as of 1 January 2004, there were 6 regions on the first level of division: specifically, the Brest, , , , Minsk, and Regions. A seventh region is the city of Minsk, the capital of the Republic of Belarus, which also enjoys the status of an independent administrative and territorial unit of the first level. At the second level of division , in the regions there were 118 districts, in the city of Minsk – 9 districts, plus 5 regional centres and 1 town of regional subordination, all constituting separate administrative and territorial units of the second level. At the third level , in the districts there were 96 towns, 22 urban settlements, which are dis- trict centres, and 1439 Rural Councils, constituting administrative and territorial units of the third level. The administrative and territorial division of the Republic is presented in Table 1.

Table 1 Administrative and territorial division of the Republic of Belarus as of 1January 2004

Districts Towns – Districts Towns, Urban Rural Rural adminis- in towns popula- settle- Coun- population trative tion cen- ments cils centres centres tres of a terri- tory Republic of Belarus 118 20 24 89 101 1439 24022 Regions: Brest 16 3 2 17 9 226 2178 Vitebsk 21 5 3 14 28 247 6517 Gomel 21 2 4 15 18 275 2607 Grodno 17 2 2 12 18 189 4380 City of Minsk - - 9 - - - - Minsk 22 6 - 18 19 308 5229 Mogilev 21 2 4 13 9 194 3111 3 1 2 5 6 4 7 Since 1979, there has been no change of the outer boundaries of regions in the Republic. The boundary of the city of Minsk changes owing to the population growth, resulting in a reduction in the area of the and the . The area of the Republic of Belarus is 207.6 thousand square km. The Republic of Belarus has frontiers with 5 states: (length of border – 400 km), (504 km), (101 km), (990 km), and (975 km). A substantial part of the Republic of Belarus suffered from the Chernobyl Power Station disaster and about 21 per cent of its territory is polluted with radiation. It was the Gomel, Mogilev and Brest Regions that suffered most. About 70 per cent of the territory of the is polluted, about 34 per cent of the Mogilev and about 13 per cent of the Brest Regions. The Cherno- byl environmental disaster exerted and continues to exert a negative impact on the rational and competitive use of the territory and development of the population distribution system in the pol- luted areas. The average population density in the Republic is 47 people per square kilometre, which is substantially lower than the average population density in the European Union (115 people per square kilometre). In the Republic of Belarus, a relatively developed network of urban and rural settlements has taken shape historically, including 211 urban and over 24 thousand rural settlements. The density of the network of population centres is over 120 settlements per one thousand square kilometres. The level of urbanisation in the Republic (share of the urban population in the total popula- tion of the country) is 71.5 per cent, with 65 per cent of the urban population living in major and big cities. At the same time, their share in the total number of urban population centres is no more than 7 per cent. The classification of urban settlements is presented in Appendix 1. The Republic’s existing network of rural population centres remains, for historical and natu- ral reasons, small in population terms: two thirds of the villages have less than 100 inhabitants and their share is constantly rising. The biggest number of small villages (with a population of up to 100) is found in the north, in the , where they account for 83 per cent of the total number of population centres in the region. The biggest rural population centres are in the Brest and Gomel Regions. The share of population centres numbering 200 to 1,000 inhabitants is 36 per cent in the and 31 per cent in the Gomel Region.

2. Main demographic trends in the Republic of Belarus and its regions from 1990 to 2004

At the beginning of 2004, 9849.1 thousand people lived in the Republic of Belarus, approxi- mately the same as twenty years ago, in 1984. Moreover, at the beginning of 1994, the population figures were at their highest ever for the country, peaking at 10243.5 thousand people. Over the last 10 years, the population has fallen by 344.9 thousand, or 3.4 per cent. As of 1 January 2004, the urban population numbered 7045.5 thousand, or 71.5 per cent of the total, and the rural population – 2803.6 thousand (28.5 per cent). Over the period from 1990 to 2004 inclusively, or the 14 years of the transition period, the numbers of the urban population rose by 313.6 thousand, or 4.7 per cent, while the rural population fell by 653.4 thousand, or 18.9 per cent. At the same time, over the last 10 years, in comparison with 1994, the urban population has increased by only 118.4 thousand, or 1.7 per cent, while the rural population has fallen by 512.9 thousand, or 15.5 per cent. Table 1

Belarus population dynamics

Beginning of the year, 2004 as a % of Average annual increase (+) or fall (-), % thousand people 1960- 1970- 1980- 1990- 2000- 1990 1994 2004 1990 1994 1969 1979 1989 1999 2002 Total popu- lation 10189 10244 9849 96.7 96.1 1.0 0.65 0.6 -0.15 -0.4 includ- ing: urban 6732 6927 7045 104.7 101.7 4.1 3.25 2.3 0.35 0.25 rural 3457 3317 2804 81.1 84.5 -0.8 -1.85 -2.0 -1.3 -1.95

In comparison with 1990, the population has fallen most in the Gomel and Mogilev Regions (by 9.5 and 8.3 per cent, respectively). This is partly because of the population outflow from these regions following the in the period running up to 1994. After 1994, against the background of other regions, the population decrease in these regions slowed down somewhat. On the territorial plane, in comparison with 1994, a fall in the rural population is now being observed in all regions and in the urban population in the Vitebsk and Mogilev Regions.

Table 2 Population dynamics for the Republic as a whole, regions and the city of Minsk

Increase (+), decrease (-) Beginning of the year, 2004 as a % of 1994-2004, thousand people thousand peo- ple 1990 1994 2000 2004 1990 1994 Republic of Bela- 10189 10244 10019 9849 96.7 96.1 -395 rus Regions: Brest 1461 1501 1484 1463 100.1 97.5 -38 Vitebsk 1416 1438 1369 1321 93.3 91.9 -117 Gomel 1663 1578 1540 1506 90.5 95.4 -72 Grodno 1172 1210 1180 1146 97.8 94.7 -64 City of Minsk 1623 1665 1688 1741 107.3 104.6 +76 Minsk 1579 1601 1549 1503 95.2 93.9 -98 Mogilev 1275 1251 1209 1169 91.7 93.4 -82

. Table 3 Urban population dynamics

Urban population, 2004 thousands increase (+), decrease (-) Thousand % 1990 1994 2004 1990 1994 1990 1994 Republic of Belarus 6731.9 6927.0 7045.5 +313.6 +118.5 +4.5 +1.6 Regions: Brest 840.5 893.8 916.0 +75.5 +22.2 +9.0 +2.5 Vitebsk 915.9 941.6 925.5 +9.6 -16.1 +1.1 -1.7 Gomel 1074.1 1052.1 1056.1 -18.0 +4.0 -1.5 +0.6 Grodno 681.1 731.8 747.0 +65.9 +15.2 +9.7 +2.1 City of 1622.9 1665.1 1741.4 +118.5 +76.3 +6.4 +3.7 Minsk Minsk 752.5 790.4 808.1 +55.6 +17.7 +7.6 +2.4 Mogilev 844.9 852.2 851.4 +6.5 -0.8 +1.0 +0.1

Table 4 Rural population dynamics Rural population, 2004 thousands increase (+), decrease (-) Thousand % 1990 1994 2004 1990 1994 1990 1994 Republic of Belarus 3457.0 3316.5 2803.6 -653.4 -512.9 -17.2 -13.7 Regions: Brest 620.0 607.2 546.9 -73.1 -60.3 -10.5 -8.6 Vitebsk 499.8 496.1 395.6 -104.2 -100.5 -18.2 -17.6 Gomel 589.1 525.6 449.3 -139.8 -76.3 -22.3 -12.9 Grodno 491.2 478.1 399.1 -92.1 -79.0 -16.8 -14.5 City of 0.6 0.4 - -0.6 -0.4 - - Minsk Minsk 826.1 810.2 694.9 -131.2 -115.3 -14.7 -13.0 Mogilev 430.2 398.9 317.8 -112.4 -81.1 -24.0 -18.0 The so-called “demographic transitional paradox” is characteristic of Belarus, as it is for the other European republics of the former USSR. This means that a low level of fertility is accompa- nied by an unusually high mortality rate. The changes in these indicators combine to produce an absolute drop in the population numbers or a negative natural increment. Natural increment In 1990, districts with an annual natural drop in the population of about 3 people per 1000 predominated (they accounted for 33.9 per cent). In 2003, the share of districts with an annual natu- ral population decrease of 12 - 15 people per 1000 constituted 28.8 per cent (GIS chart). Beginning in 1993, as a consequence of the mortality rate exceeding the birth rate, the natu- ral population increment in the Republic of Belarus has been negative.

4 0 2 0 0 - 2 0

- 4 0 1000people - 6 0 - 8 0 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 Y ear Natural increase in the population of Belarus

Such changes in the birth and mortality rates have led not only to an absolute decrease in the population, but also to serious changes in the demographic structure of the populations of regions by sex and age. Changes in the structure of the population by sex and age The current structure of the regional population of the Republic of Belarus by sex and age has been affected considerably not only by the events of recent years, but also all the socio-political and economic events and wars of last century, the Chernobyl disaster of 1986 and the resulting changes in migration flows, the birth and mortality rates. At the beginning of 2004, men numbered 4610.2 thousand, or 46.8 per cent of the popula- tion, and women – 5238.9 thousand, or 53.2 per cent. In sex terms, there are no differences between the regional structures, with the exception of the city of Minsk. In comparison with 1990, there has been a fall in the number of men by 167.3 thousand, while the number of women has dropped by 172.6 thousand, with the shares of men and women in the total population being maintained. The population by sex differs substantially between urban and rural areas. There are fewer women than men in urban population centres in the age group up to 15 years and in rural areas up to the age of 50. This is largely explained by the fact that, ever since the last war, there has been a higher level of migration from the countryside to urban population centres by women between the ages of 15 and 20 years, in order to continue their studies and find work, than there has been by men. The population of the Republic of Belarus is “ageing”, as it is in all the countries of Europe. The rate of increase in the older population groups and, especially, the drop in the proportion of children up to the age of 15 intensified after 1994. As of 1 January 2004, children up to the age of 15 years numbered 1757 thousand, or 17.8 per cent of the population, and for the first time fell below the number of people aged 60 or more (1839 thousand). The sharp drop in the birth rate, especially in the mid-1990s, resulted in the num- ber of children under the age of 9 falling by 685 thousand, or 42 per cent, in comparison with 1990. At the same time, from 1990 to 1994 inclusively, the annual drop in the number of children of this age group averaged 25 thousand, while from 1994 to 2004 it was more than 60 thousand (GIS chart). As of 1 January 2004, the proportion of children in the urban and the rural populations amounted to 17.8 per cent and 18.0 per cent respectively and in urban settlements, the share of the population between the ages of 16 and 59 is 67.9 per cent, against 52.3 per cent in the countryside. People of 60 or more account for 14.3 per cent of the urban population, compared to 29.7 per cent of the rural population.

Table 5 Change in the proportion of children between the ages of 0 and15 years by region

Proportion of children aged 0-15 years in the overall population, % 1990 1994 2004 Republic of Belarus 24.5 23.9 17.8 Regions: Brest 25.7 25.1 19.6 Vitebsk 22.9 22.6 16.9 Gomel 25.1 24.3 18.5 Grodno 23.9 23.8 18.6 City of Minsk 24.8 23.8 15.9 Minsk 24.6 24.1 18.0 Mogilev 24.3 23.6 17.9

The population in the 16-59 economically active age group numbered 6253 thousand, thus exceeding the 1990 level by 224 thousand and the level at the beginning of 1994 by 245 thousand people. Their share in the total population reached 63.5 per cent, while in 1994 it was 58.6 per cent. Within the indicator of the socio-demographic burden on the economically active popula- tion, the ageing of the population results in a change in the ratio between the burden of children and that of people over the age of 60, in favour of the latter.

Table 6

Burden of children and people aged 60 years or more on the population between the ages of 16 and 59 years (per 1000 of the population of the corresponding age group)

Burden on the popula- Including tion aged 16-59 years children people (0-15 years) aged 60 years or more Total population 1990 690 414 276 1994 705 407 298 2004 575 281 294 Urban population 1990 591 417 174 1994 589 399 190 2004 472 262 211 Rural population 1990 922 408 514 1994 1011 430 581 2004 911 344 566 The change in the burden of children and people over 60 on the population between the ages of 16 and 59 is presented in Appendix 1. When the balance is disturbed between the numbers of the active population and the de- pendent groups, consisting of the elderly and the young, i.e., when only small groups of young peo- ple start work, against a constant increase in the numbers of retiring members of older age groups, the state encounters problems requiring increasing fund allocations from the state budget for their solution. In order at least somewhat to put the existing disproportion in the population’s age structure right, the Government must take advantage of the period between 2000-2010, when the biggest group of youngsters between the ages of 10 and 19 join the ranks of the most economically active population, from 20 to 29 years, and it must envisage a whole complex of measures to promote the formation of young families and stimulate the birth rate. Birth rate

0 0 0 In 2003, the overall birth rate was 9.0 /00 , in 1990 – 14.0 /00 and in 1994 – 10.8 /00 .

Table 7

Changes in the total birth rate by region

1990 2004 Republic of Belarus 1.913 1.206 Regions: Brest 2.138 1.403 Vitebsk 1.867 1.133 Gomel 1.936 1.242 Grodno 2.094 1.302 City of Minsk 1.598 1.031 Minsk 2.037 1.293 Mogilev 1.914 1.187

The changes that have occurred in the birth rate are not confined to a drop in its level. There is also a tendency towards a rise in the age of mothers when they give birth to their first child, from 20-22 to 23-25 years. In recent years, there has been a rise in the number of children born out of wedlock, which accounted for 23.0 per cent of all births in 2003, against 8.5 per cent in 1990.

Live births to women not in registered marriages, by age of the mother in 2003, % Urban population Rural population

14

21.2 16.1 7.5

7.8 10.4 4.1 10.0 2.1 0.7 4.6 0.0 1.1 0.4

Under 20 20 - 24 25 - 29 30 - 34 лет 35 - 39 40 - 49 Age not given

The biggest proportion of children born out of wedlock are accounted for mothers between the ages of 20 and 29. Moreover, on average, over 64 per cent of all such children are born to the urban population. Also a matter for concern is the fact that more than a third of all mothers who give birth before the age of 20 do so out of wedlock (in 1990, the respective share was 14.2 per cent). The biggest number of children born to unmarried mothers is recorded in the Mogilev Re- gion (30.5 per cent), the lowest in the (14.4 per cent). In addition, the proportion of children born to unmarried women in the countryside is much higher than in the towns. Analysis of population data indicates that, during the period between the 1989 and 1999 censuses, the number of complete families dropped and that of single parent families rose. In 1989, for instance, families consisting of just a mother and children made up 10 per cent of the total, in 1999 the figure was 13 per cent; correspondingly, families consisting of just the father and children – 0.8 per cent in 1989 and 1.2 per cent in 1999. The number of single-parent families with children under the age of 18 years was, according to the census data, 355 thousand, or 22 per cent of the total number of families with children of this age group. In urban areas, the share of such families was 24 per cent and in rural ones – 17 per cent. The differences in the numbers of single-parent fami- lies, by region, are presented in Appendix 2.

Population mortality rate In the early 1990s, the trend that had been developing in the preceding years towards a drop in mortality and a slow rise in the average life expectancy was replaced by an opposite tendency. In 1990, there were 10.8 deaths per 1000 of the population, in 1994 – 12.7 and in 2003 – 14.5. The mortality level rose in comparison with 1990 by 34.3 per cent and with 1994 – by 14.2 per cent. Differences in the age and sex composition are also responsible for the differences in the mortality level between town and countryside. Among the rural population, where for many years the mortal- ity rate has been considerably higher than among the urban population, this indicator stood at 23.9 deaths per 1000 of the population in 2003, against 10.7 in urban population centres. The growth rate of the mortality level in the towns was, however, higher than in the countryside (the mortality rate among the urban population rose by 42.7 per cent, while that of the rural population - by 38.2 per cent).

Mortality distribution by the main classes of causes of death

(%)

100% Other causes

80% Accidents, poisoning and injury 60% Digestive tract disorders 40% Respiratory disorders

20% Circulation disorders

0% Tumours 1990 1995 2000 2001 2003

Analysis of the mortality rate dynamics shows a rise for virtually all causes of death ob- served. Circulatory disorders are in first place, accounting for more than 50 per cent of all deaths. In 2003, compared to 1990, the mortality rate for this reason had risen by 45.9 per cent. The share of the able-bodied population dying from disorders of the circulatory system is as follows: among men 22.7 per cent; among women – 4.3 per cent. Deaths from malignant tumours occupy second place in the Republic. The mortality rate from these causes has risen by 9.8 per cent since 1990. The highest level of deaths from malignant tumours is found in the Grodno and Mogilev Regions (197 per 100 thousand of the population), then in the Gomel Region (194), Minsk Region (186), Brest (184) and Vitebsk (120) Regions and in the city of Minsk (165). There is a marked trend towards a rise in the mortality rate from accidents, poisonings, in- jury, homicide, suicide and other extraneous factors. The mortality rate from these causes has a clear social aspect and is indicative of the deteriorating level of welfare in society. Over 15 thou- sand people a year die from unnatural causes. Out of the almost 17 thousand such deaths in 2003, 13 thousand, or 78.6 per cent, were men, over three-quarters of them of working age. Compared to 1990, deaths from unnatural causes have risen 1.7-fold. First place among unnatural causes of death belongs to suicide. In 2003, 3.5 thousand peo- ple in the Republic committed suicide (21 per cent), which was 70 per cent more than in 1990. It should be noted that, within the structure of deaths among the population of working age, accidents, poisonings and injury are among the main reasons, accounting for 44 per cent of all deaths among men and 32.9 per cent among women in the most economically active age group of 30-49 years. Deaths from these causes increased 50 per cent over the 1990 figure and numbered 201 per 100 thousand of the population of working age, which is 150 per cent higher than from tu- mours and 11 times higher than from respiratory diseases. At the same time, deaths among men of working age from the above causes were four times more than among women. There was a particu- larly sharp increase in deaths among men from alcohol poisoning – one out of every six cases.

Table 8 Mortality among the population of working age in 2003

Number of deaths among the population of working age per 100 000 of the population of the given age group, by the main classes of causes Infections Tumours Circul a- Respir a- Digestive Accidents, and ory ory tract Poisoning parasitic disor - diso r- disorders And diseases ders ders Injury Republic of Belarus 16.4 81.4 173.8 18.5 30.6 201.0 Regions: Brest 13.0 80.3 180.9 16.4 29.7 177.4 Vitebsk 15.4 82.7 176.5 22.6 27.6 245.9 Gomel 22.6 83.6 160.5 17.6 28.6 191.6 Grodno 18.8 91.3 190.0 21.8 44.5 240.5 City of Minsk 10.8 69.0 136.8 13.9 30.0 123.8 Minsk 16.0 84.9 208.0 19.5 31.3 255.0 Mogilev 20.9 85.3 181.5 21.0 24.5 213.2

Infant and maternal mortality Infant mortality (the number of children dying before the age of 1 year) is one indicator of a nation’s health, reflecting the quality of the healthcare provided for women and children. It is a criterion for assessing socio-economic development and the level of welfare among the population. Infant mortality peaked in 1994-1995 at 13 deaths of children under the age of 1 year per 1000 live births. Then this indicator started to fall and, in 2003, the figure was 8‰. Even so, in 2003, there were substantial differences in the infant mortality indices between different regions of the Repub- lic: from the highest level, of 16.7‰ in the rural areas of the Gomel Region, to the lowest, of 5.2‰, among the urban population of the Grodno Region (GIS chart). In 2003, the main reasons for deaths of children under the age of 1 year were conditions arising in the perinatal period – 34.2 per cent and congenital defects – 29.6 per cent, which account for about 65 per cent of all such deaths. The drop in the infant mortality rate, especially in the second half of the 1990s up to 2001, was due to the fall in the overall mortality rate from virtually all causes, with the exception of deaths from accidents, homicide and other external factors. In 2003, the death rate fell even from these causes. Maternal mortality is an important indicator characterising the reproductive health of the population. The Republic of Belarus is one of the countries with a low maternal mortality rate, but the goal set by the Cairo Conference on population for the drop in maternal mortality compared with 1994, has not been attained. The difference in maternal mortality levels between regions indi- cate the existence of problems associated not only with women’s health, but also with health care during pregnancy, birth and the postnatal period.

Table 9 Changes in the indicator of maternal mortality (number of deaths per 100 000 births)

1990 1994 1998 2000 2002 2003 2003 to 2003 to 1994 2000 Republic of Belarus 21.8 19.0 28.1 21.3 18.0 16.9 88.9 79.3 Regions: Brest 18.2 27.3 38.1 - 20.0 13.6 49.8 - Vitebsk 21.3 13.9 16.8 17.3 19.4 47.1 338.8 272.3 Gomel 26.9 50.2 33.7 20.3 35.6 7.2 14.3 35.5 Grodno 17.4 14.7 27.0 18.2 28.9 9.7 66.0 53.3 City of Minsk 21.3 6.1 29.3 39.1 6.5 12.9 211.5 33.0 Minsk 18.7 - 14.6 28.9 7.6 7.6 - 26.3 Mogilev 29.4 15.2 34.6 26.5 9.5 29.4 193.4 110.9

Welfare level differences Territorial differences in per capita incomes result mainly from the following factors: - the branch structure of the district’s economy and its level of development; - inter-branch differentiation in salary levels; - the level of employment among family members and the number of children aged up to 17 years in the family; - the number of people above working age (pensioners). The economic activity of the rural population is connected, in the main, with employment in agriculture, so the incomes of people in the countryside are substantially lower. The average per capita income of urban dwellers is almost 50 per cent higher than of those in rural areas. In 2003, the average monthly wage in agriculture was only about 56 per cent of that in industry and only 50 per cent of that in the national economy as a whole. In 2003, the share of dependents ( children aged up to 15 years ), per person of working age, was 26.2 per cent in urban settlements and 34.4 per cent in rural areas. Incomes, as a rule, are lower in regions where there is a high proportion of the non-able-bodied and dependents per working per- son. According to the results of a selective study of households, the main means of survival for 64.3 per cent of the population is incomes from employment, including for 68.3 per cent in the towns and 55.6 per cent in the countryside. For a quarter of the population (24.3 per cent), the main source of income is a pension (19.9 per cent in urban settlements and 35.2 per cent in rural areas). In 2003, the disposable income per household member was 154.5 thousand roubles a month, with the level in urban areas being 5.3 per cent higher than the average for the Republic and that in rural areas – 11.7 per cent lower. The highest level of per capita disposable income was enjoyed by households in the city of Minsk (200.6 thousand roubles), which is 29.9 per cent higher than the average for the Republic, and the lowest was recorded among households in the (135.2 thousand roubles), which is 12.5 per cent below the average. The percentages of impoverished households in urban and rural areas differ. In urban set- tlements, the share of the impoverished population in 2003 stood at 23.5 per cent, but in rural areas at 34.9 per cent (in 2000 – 37.9 per cent and 50.8 per cent, respectively). The highest proportion of impoverished population is found in the Mogilev Region (38 per cent) and the lowest in the Vitebsk Region (25.6 per cent); 10.4 per cent of the population of the city of Minsk fall into this low-income category. The residents of major cities have better access to benefits: 69 per cent of households in towns with a population of over 100 thousand enjoy benefits, while the proportion in rural areas is 57 per cent and that in small towns – 52 per cent.

Galina Gasyuk

Appendix 1 Classification of urban settlements according to their role in the population distribution in the Republic of Belarus, administrative status, function and size

Type of urban settlement By role in the Name of urban settlement By function By size population distribution system European Multifunc- Very big Minsk significance tional

National sig- Multifunc- Major Gomel nificance tional Brest, Vitebsk, Grodno, Mogilev

Regional sig- Industrial Big Baranovichi, Bobruisk, Borisov, , Mo- nificance zyr, Molodechno, , , - , Soligorsk

Sub-regional Industrial Medium , Zhodino, Kobrin, Rechitsa, Svet- significance logorsk, ,

Local signifi- Bykhov, Vileika, Volkovysk, Gorky, cance Dzherzhinsk, , Kalinkovichi, Kpichev, , Osipovichi, Postavy, Rogachev, Smorgon

Small , Mosty, Khoiniki, Shklov Lelchitsy Agro- Medium Bereza, Maryina Gorka, industrial Small Berezeno, Volozhin, Gantsevichi, Glubokoye, Gorodok, Yelsk, Zhitkovichi, Zhlobin ка , Ivatsevichi, Kirovsk , Klimovichi, Kostyukovichi, Kopyl, Lyuban, Lyakhovichi, Mstislavl, Oshmyany, Petrikov, Smolevichi, Stolbtsy, , Tolochin, Chausy, , Cherven, Shchuchin

Beshenkovichi , Buda-Koshelovo, Verkhne- Dvinsk, Vetka Glussk , Dokshitsy, Dyatlovo, Zelva, Klichev, Korma, Krasnopolye, Krugloye , , Liozno, Loyev, Narovlya, Ostrovets, Slavgorod, , Khotimsk, Cherikov, Sharkovshchina, Shumilino, Bragin

URBAN SETTLEMENTS – SUPPORT CENTRES Continuation of Appendix 1

Agricultural Ivanovo, Malorita

Bolshaya Berestovitsa, Voronovo, Du- brovno, Ivye Korelichi, Oktyabrsky, Svis- loch, Senno, Chechersk Dribin Tourism and Medium recreational Small Broslav, Nesvizh, Lepel

Komenets, Logoisk, , Myadel, Ros- sony, Ushachi

Nature pres- Belynichi, Drogochin, Starye Dorogi ervation

Industrial Small Baran, Beloozersk, Berezovka, Mi- kashevichi, Novolukoml, Skidel

Vasilevichi, Krasnoselsky, Pleshchenitsy, Ross, Ruba

Zeleny Bor, Kossovo, , Oktyabrsky, Osin- torf, Sokol, Sosny, Telekhany Kostyukovka, Fanipol Agro- industrial David-Gorodok, Ivenets, Rechitsa, Starobin, Kokhanovo, Belitsk, Bobr, Bogushevsk, Bolshevik, Voropaevo, Glusha, Gorodeya,Grodzyanka, Disna, Elizovo, Komarin, , Lyntupy, Negoreloye, Orekhovsk, Parichi, Pervomaisky, Podsvilye, Pravdinsky, Rudensk, Svisloch, Sosnovy Bor, Smilovichi, Sopotskin, Tatarka, Terekhovka, Urechye Krasnaya Sloboda Agricultural Antopol, Vetrino, Vidzy, Vysokoye, Gorodishche, Domachaevo, , Ezerishche, Zheludok, Zarechye, Kozlovshchina, Kopatkevichi, Krivichi, Logishin, Lyubcha, Ozarichi, Ostryna, Pogranichny, Porozovo, Radun, Svir, Streshin, Surazh, Uvarovichi, Shereshevo, Yuratishki, Yanovichi

Nature pres- Beglmol, Turov, Kholopenichi ervation OTHER URBAN SETTLEMENTS

Continuation of Appendix 1

Classification of rural settlements in the Republic of Belarus

Types of rural settlement Numbers of the population

Major Over 1000

Big From 500 to 1000

Medium From 100 to 500

Small Up to 100

Type of urban settlement

By popula- By function By size Name of urban settlement tion distribu- tion system Zaslavl Tourism- recreational Radoshkovichi Mir, Naroch, Novoyelnya, Osveya, , Ulla

Administrative status:

Brest – regional centres; Vileika, Logoisk – centres of regional districts; Zhlobin, Zhodino – towns; Zelva, Ivenets – urban type settlements.

Typology of urban settlements by size:

Very big – over 1000 thousand; Major – 250-500; 500-1000 thousand; Big – 100-250 thousand; Medium – 20-50; 50-100 thousand; Small – 10-20; 5-10; less than 5 thousand Appendix 2 Administrative and territorial division and numbers of the population in the Brest Region

Numbers of the population at year beginning, thousand 1990 2004 total urban rural Total urban rural population population Brest Region 1460.5 840.5 620.0 1462.9 916.0 546.9 City of Brest 265.3 265.3 - 298.3 298.3 - town of Baranovichi 160.9 160.9 - 168.6 168.6 - town of Pinsk 120.7 120.7 - 130.5 130.5 - Baranovichi District 54.0 2.9 51.1 46.4 2.5 43.9 uc* Gorodishchye 2.9 2.9 - 2.5 2.5 - Bereza District 69.7 35.2 34.5 72.0 43.0 29.0 town of Bereza 24.4 24.4 - 29.8 29.8 - town of Beloozersk 10.8 10.8 - 13.2 13.2 - 42.5 1.4 41.1 43.8 1.3 42.5 uc* Domachevo 1.4 1.4 - 1.3 1.3 - Gantsevichi District 37.5 14.0 23.5 35.2 14.8 20.4 town of Gantsevichi 14.0 14.0 - 14.8 14.8 - Drogichin District 53.3 16.2 37.1 48.9 17.1 31.8 town of Drogochin 13.7 13.7 - 15.1 15.1 - uc* Antopol 2.5 2.5 - 2.0 2.0 - District 24.7 10.9 13.8 25.3 12.8 12.5 town of Zhabinka 10.9 10.9 - 12.8 12.8 - Ivanovo District 51.7 14.0 37.7 48.9 16.3 32.6 town of Ivanovo 14.0 14.0 - 16.3 16.3 - Ivatsevichi District 67.0 24.8 42.2 66.5 31.1 35.4 town of Ivatsevichi 17.8 17.8 - 24.1 24.1 - town of Kossovo 2.7 2.7 - 2.4 2.4 - uc* Telekhany 4.3 4.3 - 4.6 4.6 - 43.7 12.8 30.9 41.9 14.0 27.9 town of Kamenets 8.5 8.5 - 8.7 8.7 - town of Vysokoye 4.3 4.3 - 5.3 5.3 - Kobrin District 89.0 46.8 42.2 90.2 50.8 39.4 town of Kobrin 1) 46.8 46.8 - 50.8 50.8 - 82.8 36.6 46.2 77.7 37.6 40.1 town of Luninets 1) 23.3 23.3 - 23.9 23.9 - ic** Mikashevichi 13.3 13.3 - 13.7 13.7 - Lyakhovichi District 38.9 10.6 28.3 34.4 11.6 22.8 town of Lyakhovichi 10.6 10.6 - 11.6 11.6 - Malorita District 28.9 10.1 18.8 28.1 11.5 16.6 town of Malorita 10.1 10.1 - 11.5 11.5 - 70.3 3.1 67.2 58.7 2.7 56.0 uc* Logishin 3.1 3.1 - 2.7 2.7 - 68.5 29.3 39.2 61.2 25.3 35.9 town of Pruzhany 23.2 23.2 - 19.8 19.8 - uc* Ruzhany 3.7 3.7 - 3.3 3.3 - uc* Shereshevo 2.4 2.4 - 2.2 2.2 - 91.1 24.9 66.2 86.3 26.2 60.1 town of Stolin 10.4 10.4 - 12.4 12.4 - town of David-Gorodok 7.5 7.5 - 7.1 7.1 - ic** Rechitsa 7.0 7.0 - 6.7 6.7 -

Continuation of Appendix 2

Administrative and terrritorial division and numbers of the population in the Vitebsk Region

Numbers of the population at year beginning, thousand 1990 2004 total urban rural total urban rural population population

Vitebsk Region 1415.7 915.9 499.8 1321.1 925.5 395.6 Vitebsk town council 343.1 343.1 - 350.5 350.5 - town ofVitebsk 336.1 336.1 - 342.4 342.4 - uc* Ruba 7.0 7.0 - 8.1 8.1 - town of Lepel 18.9 18.9 - 18.7 18.7 - Novopolotsk town council 100.9 100.9 - 107.1 106.7 0.4 town of Novopolotsk 100.9 100.9 - 101.3 101.3 - uc* Borovukha - - - 5.4 5.4 - Orsha town council 138.8 138.8 - 141.9 141.7 0.2 town of Orsha 126.2 126.2 - 125.3 125.3 - town of Baran 12.6 12.6 - 12.3 12.3 - uc* Bolbasovo - - - 4.1 4.1 - town of Polotsk 81.1 81.1 - 82.8 82.8 - Beshenkovichi District 25.5 9.8 15.7 22.1 9.5 12.6 uc* Beshenkovichi 8.5 8.5 - 8.1 8.1 - uc* Ulla 1.3 1.3 - 1.4 1.4 - Braslav District 35.7 13.2 22.5 33.9 13.4 20.5 town of Braslav 9.7 9.7 - 10.1 10.1 - uc* Vidzy 2.3 2.3 - 2.0 2.0 - uc* Druya 1.2 1.2 - 1.3 1.3 - Verkhnedvinsk District 31.7 9.6 22.1 28.6 9.4 19.2 town of Verkhnedvinsk 7.8 7.8 - 8.0 8.0 - uc* Osveya 1.8 1.8 - 1.4 1.4 - 52.0 2.8 49.2 43.2 2.2 41.0 uc* Surazh 1.5 1.5 - 1.1 1.1 - uc* Yanovichi 1.3 1.3 - 1.1 1.1 - Gluobkoye District 52.8 21.6 31.2 46.6 22.2 24.4 town of Glubokoye 18.9 18.9 - 19.5 19.5 - uc* Podsvilye 2.7 2.7 - 2.7 2.7 - Gorodok District 38.4 16.5 21.9 31.5 15.8 15.7 town of Gorodok 14.2 14.2 - 14.0 14.0 - uc* Ezerishche 2.3 2.3 - 1.8 1.8 - Dokshitsy District 36.5 10.1 26.4 31.8 10.0 21.8 town of Dokshitsy 7.0 7.0 - 7.0 7.0 - uc* 3.1 3.1 - 3.0 3.0 -

Continuation of Appendix 2

Numbers of the population at year beginning, thousand 1990 2004 total urban rural total urban rural population population

Dubrovno District 24.7 10.9 13.8 20.3 10.1 10.2 town of Dubrovno 9.3 9.3 - 9.0 9.0 - ic** Osintorf 1.6 1.6 - 1.1 1.1 - Lepel District 22.4 - 22.4 21.8 - 21.8 Liozno District 23.3 7.2 16.1 20.1 6.8 13.3 uc* Liozno 7.2 7.2 - 6.8 6.8 - 33.1 11.4 21.7 29.1 11.4 17.7 town of Miory 8.8 8.8 - 9.0 9.0 - town of Disna 2.6 2.6 - 2.4 2.4 - 50.8 4.6 46.2 34.8 4.1 30.7 uc* Kopys 1.1 1.1 - 0.9 0.9 - uc* Orekhovsk 3.5 3.5 - 3.2 3.2 - 40.3 3.1 37.2 29.9 2.8 27.1 uc* Vetrino 3.1 3.1 - 2.8 2.8 - Postavy District 52.1 27.4 24.7 44.7 25.5 19.2 town of Postavy 21.9 21.9 - 20.5 20.5 - uc* Voropaevo 3.5 3.5 - 3.2 3.2 - uc* Lyntupy 2.0 2.0 - 1.8 1.8 - Rossony District 16.0 5.5 10.5 13.4 5.7 7.7 uc* Rossony 5.5 5.5 - 5.7 5.7 - Senno District 37.8 12.9 24.9 30.9 11.8 19.1 town of Senno 9.0 9.0 - 8.4 8.4 - uc* Bogushevsk 3.9 3.9 - 3.4 3.4 - Tolochin District 40.2 16.2 24.0 32.8 15.2 17.6 town of Tolochin 11.4 11.4 - 10.4 10.4 - uc* Kokhanovo 4.8 4.8 - 4.8 4.8 - Ushachi District 23.2 5.8 17.4 19.7 6.0 13.7 uc* Ushachi 5.8 5.8 - 6.0 6.0 - 43.1 24.4 18.7 39.1 24.9 14.2 town of Chashniki 10.2 10.2 - 9.7 9.7 - town of Novolukoml 13.9 13.9 - 15.0 15.0 - ic** Oktyabrsky 0.3 0.3 - 0.2 0.2 - Sharkovshchina District 24.9 7.7 17.2 21.9 7.6 14.3 uc* Sharkovshchina 7.7 7.7 - 7.6 7.6 - Shumilino District 28.4 12.4 16.0 23.9 10.7 13.2 uc* Shumilino 9.1 9.1 - 7.6 7.6 - uc* Obol 3.3 3.3 - 3.1 3.1 -

Continuation of Appendix 2 Administrative and terrritorial division and numbers of the population of the Gomel Region

Numbers of the population at year beginning, thousand 1990 2004 total urban rural total urban rural population population

Gomel Region 1663.2 1074.1 589.1 1505.4 1056.1 449.3

Gomel town council 510.4 510.4 - 491.8 491.8 - town of Gomel 499.6 499.6 - 481.2 481.2 - ic** Kostyukovka 10.8 10.8 - 10.6 10.6 - town of Mozyr 102.6 102.6 - 111.8 111.8 -

Bragin District 26.1 8.8 17.3 16.5 5.8 10.7 uc* Bragin 6.1 6.1 - 3.6 3.6 - uc* Komarin 2.7 2.7 - 2.2 2.2 -

Buda-Koshelevo District 50.5 12.2 38.3 40.9 12.2 28.7

town of Buda-Koshelevo 8.9 8.9 - 9.5 9.5 - uc* Uvarovichi 3.3 3.3 - 2.7 2.7 -

Vetka District 34.6 10.1 24.5 20.2 7.8 12.4 town of Vetka 10.1 10.1 - 7.8 7.8 -

Gomel District 78.7 2.8 75.9 71.6 2.4 69.2 ic** Bolshevik 2.8 2.8 - 2.4 2.4 -

Dobrush District 53.5 23.1 30.4 44.4 21.4 23.0 town of Dobrush 1) 20.7 20.7 - 19.2 19.2 - uc* Terekhovka 2.4 2.4 - 2.2 2.2 -

Yelsk District 25.4 10.3 15.1 19.8 10.0 9.8 town of Yelsk 10.3 10.3 - 10.0 10.0 -

Zhitkovichi District 52.6 19.4 33.2 46.8 20.1 26.7 town of Zhitkovichi 16.0 16.0 - 16.9 16.9 - uc* Turov 3.4 3.4 - 3.2 3.2 -

Zhlobin District 98.6 59.3 39.3 106.6 74.1 32.5 town of Zhlobin 1) 57.9 57.9 - 72.8 72.8 - uc* Streshin 1.4 1.4 - 1.3 1.3 -

Continuation of Appendix 2

Numbers of the population at year beginning, thousand 1990 2004 total urban rural total urban rural population population

Kalinkovichi District 77.9 42.1 35.8 68.2 39.3 28.9 town of Kalinkovichi 1) 40.5 40.5 - 37.8 37.8 - uc* Ozarichi 1.6 1.6 - 1.5 1.5 - Korma District 25.3 6.9 18.4 17.8 6.2 11.6 uc* Korma 6.9 6.9 - 6.2 6.2 - Lelchitsy District 33.7 8.8 24.9 28.9 9.0 19.9 uc* Lelchitsy 8.8 8.8 - 9.0 9.0 - Loyev District 20.1 7.7 12.4 16.4 7.4 9.0 uc* Loyev 7.7 7.7 - 7.4 7.4 - Mozyr District 23.4 - 23.4 20.9 - 20.9 Narovlya District 21.0 11.4 9.6 12.6 8.2 4.4 town of Narovlya 11.4 11.4 - 8.2 8.2 - Oktyabrsky District 20.1 7.1 13.0 18.4 8.1 10.3 uc* Oktyabrsky 7.1 7.1 - 8.1 8.1 - Petrikov District 48.7 16.0 32.7 38.7 14.6 24.1 town of Petrikov 11.8 11.8 - 10.7 10.7 - uc* Kopatkevichi 4.2 4.2 - 3.9 3.9 - Речицкий District 122.2 75.3 46.9 109.5 71.9 37.6 town of Rechitsa 1) 70.0 70.0 - 66.2 66.2 - town of Vasilevichi 5.3 5.3 - 4.4 4.4 - uc* Zarechye - - - 1.3 1.3 - Rogachev District 76.9 37.3 39.6 66.9 35.4 31.5 town of Rogachev 1) 36.6 36.6 - 34.7 34.7 - ic** Belitsk 0.7 0.7 - 0.7 0.7 - Svetlogorsk District 96.8 75.7 21.1 94.9 76.7 18.2 г Svetlogorsk 1) 70.1 70.1 - 71.7 71.7 - uc* Parichi 2.9 2.9 - 2.4 2.4 - ic** Sosnovy Bor 2.7 2.7 - 2.6 2.6 - 37.3 17.3 20.0 24.6 14.2 10.4 town of Khoiniki 17.3 17.3 - 14.2 14.2 - Chechersk District 26.8 9.5 17.3 17.2 7.7 9.5 town of Chechersk 9.5 9.5 - 7.7 7.7 -

Continuation of Appendix 2 Administrative and terrritorial division and numbers of the population of the Grodno Region

Numbers of the population at year beginning, thousand 1990 2004 total urban rural total urban rural population population Gr odno Region 1172 .3 681 .1 491 .2 1146 .1 747 .0 399 .1 town of Grodno 275 .4 275 .4 - 314 .8 314 .8 - town of Lida 93 .2 93 .2 - 98 .2 98 .2 - Ber estovitsa District 21 .5 6.7 14 .8 20 .4 7.5 12 .9 uc* Bolshaya 5.2 5.2 - 6.0 6.0 - ic* * Pogranichny 1.5 1.5 - 1.5 1.5 - Volkovy sk District 78 .8 51 .4 27 .4 82 .7 60 .5 22 .2 town of Volkovy sk 1) 41 .0 41 .0 - 46 .8 46 .8 - uc* Krasnoselsky 5.8 5.8 - 7.4 7.4 - uc* Ross 4.6 4.6 - 6.3 6.3 - Voronovo District 38 .2 8.8 29 .4 34 .6 9.5 25 .1 uc* Voronovo 6.2 6.2 - 6.6 6.6 - uc* Radun 2.6 2.6 - 2.9 2.9 - 69 .9 12 .8 57 .1 64 .8 12 .4 52 .4 town of Skidel 11 .3 11 .3 - 10 .9 10 .9 - uc* Sopotskin 1.5 1.5 - 1.5 1.5 - Dyatlovo District 42 .1 13 .6 28 .5 35 .3 14 .2 21 .1 town of Dyatlovo 7.6 7.6 - 8.3 8.3 - uc* Kozlovshchin a 2.2 2.2 - 2.4 2.4 - uc* Novo yelnya 3.8 3.8 - 3.5 3.5 - Zelva District 27 .9 7.7 20 .2 22 .8 7.9 14 .9 uc* Zelva 7.7 7.7 - 7.9 7.9 - Ivye District 40 .8 9.6 31 .2 34 .1 9.9 24 .2 town of Ivye 8.0 8.0 - 8.3 8.3 - uc* Yuratishki 1.6 1.6 - 1.6 1.6 - Korelichi District 33 .9 9.3 24 .6 28 .9 10 .1 18 .8 uc* Korelichi 6.8 6.8 - 7.6 7.6 - uc* Mir 2.5 2.5 - 2.5 2.5 - 49 .3 13 .2 36 .1 43 .3 12 .0 31 .3 town of Berezovka 11 .6 11 .6 - 12 .0 12 .0 - ic* * Pervomaisky 2 1.6 1.6 - - - - Mosty District 42 .1 16 .8 25 .3 37 .8 17 .4 20 .4 town of Mosty 16 .8 16 .8 - 17 .4 17 .4 - 62 .2 31 .2 31 .0 55 .1 32 .2 22 .9 town of Novogrudok 1) 29 .6 29 .6 - 30 .7 30 .7 - uc* Lyubcha 1.6 1.6 - 1.5 1.5 - Ostrovets District 29 .9 7.8 22 .1 27 .7 8.4 19 .3 uc* Ostrovets 7.8 7.8 - 8.4 8.4 - Oshmyany District 38 .2 14 .7 23 .5 35 .3 14 .9 20 .4 town of Oshmyany 14 .7 14 .7 - 14 .9 14 .9 - Svisloch District 28 .7 9.2 19 .5 23 .3 9.0 14 .3 town of Svisloch 7.8 7.8 - 7.7 7.7 - uc* Porozovo 1.4 1.4 - 1.3 1.3 - 71 .8 46 .3 25 .5 72 .5 51 .6 20 .9 town of Slonim 1) 46 .3 46 .3 - 51 .6 51 .6 - Smorgon District 60 .8 33 .4 27 .4 58 .9 36 .7 22 .2 town of Smorgon 1) 33 .4 33 .4 - 36 .7 36 .7 - Shchuchin District 67 .6 20 .0 47 .6 55 .6 19 .8 35 .8 town of Shchuchin 15 .7 15 .7 - 16 .0 16 .0 - uc* Zheludok 1.8 1.8 - 1.5 1.5 - uc* Ostrino 2.5 2.5 - 2.3 2.3 - Continuation of Appendix 2

Administrative and terrritorial division and numbers of the population of the city of Minsk and the Minsk Region

Numbers of the population at year beginning, thousand 1990 2004 total urban rural Total urban rural population population City of Minsk 4) 1623 .5 1622 .9 0 .6 1741 .4 1741 .4 -

Minsk Region 1578.6 752.5 826.1 1503.0 808.1 694.9 town of Borisov 144.8 144.8 - 150.4 150.4 - town of Zhodino 55.5 55.5 - 60.9 60.9 - Zaslavl town council 12.8 10.7 2.1 - - - town of Zaslavl 10.7 10.7 - 13.5 13.5 - town of Molodechno 91.9 91.9 - 98.4 98.4 - town of Slutsk 58.2 58.2 - 62.2 62.2 - town of Soligorsk 95.1 95.1 - 101.4 101.4 - Berezino District 35.4 12.7 22.7 30.6 13.1 17.5 town of Berezino 12.7 12.7 - 13.1 13.1 - Borisov District 52.6 - 52.6 45.5 - 45.5 Vileika District 69.8 29.0 40.8 59.8 30.0 29.8 town of Vileika 1) 29.0 29.0 - 30.0 30.0 - Volozhin District 53.3 15.6 37.7 42.8 16.3 26.5 town of Volozhin 10.8 10.8 - 11.5 11.5 - uc* Ivenets 4.8 4.8 - 4.8 4.8 - Dzherzhinsk District 59.6 33.7 25.9 61.4 37.5 23.9 town of Dzherzhinsk 1) 23.3 23.3 - 24.5 24.5 - town of Fanipol 9.0 9.0 - 11.9 11.9 - uc* Negoreloye 1.4 1.4 - 1.1 1.1 - Kletsk District 43.4 11.0 32.4 36.5 10.7 25.8 town of Kletsk 11.0 11.0 - 10.7 10.7 - Kopyl District 45.2 9.6 35.6 38.9 10.7 28.2 town of Kopyl 9.6 9.6 - 10.7 10.7 - Krupki District 36.6 11.7 24.9 30.4 11.4 19.0 town of Krupki 8.1 8.1 - 8.3 8.3 - uc* Bobr 1.5 1.5 - 1.3 1.3 - uc* Kholopenichi 2.1 2.1 - 1.8 1.8 - Logoisk District 44.9 15.6 29.3 40.0 17.7 22.3 town of Logoisk 8.3 8.3 - 9.9 9.9 - uc* Pleshchenitsy 7.3 7.3 - 7.8 7.8 - Continuation of Appendix 2 Numbers of the population at year beginning, thousand 1990 2004 total urban rural total urban rural population population

Lyuban District 47.4 15.5 31.9 40.4 15.3 25.1 town of Lyuban 11.2 11.2 - 11.8 11.8 - uc* Urechye 4.3 4.3 - 3.5 3.5 - Minsk District 124.7 - 124.7 140.0 7.7 132.3 uc* Machulishchi - - - 7.7 7.7 - Molodechno District 54.6 4.9 49.7 45.1 5.7 39.4 uc* Radoshkovichi 4.9 4.9 - 5.7 5.7 - Myadel District 39.0 12.7 26.3 33.4 13.5 19.9 town of Myadel 7.3 7.3 - 7.5 7.5 - uc* Krivichi 1.6 1.6 - 1.3 1.3 - rs*** Naroch 2.4 2.4 - 3.4 3.4 - uc* Svir 1.4 1.4 - 1.3 1.3 - Nesvizh District 47.9 18.7 29.2 44.1 18.6 25.5 town of Nesvizh 14.3 14.3 - 14.3 14.3 - uc* Gorodeya 4.4 4.4 - 4.3 4.3 - Pukhovich District 79.1 31.1 48.0 73.3 33.1 40.2 town of Maryina Gorka 19.6 19.6 - 23.4 23.4 - ic** Pravdinsky 3.1 3.1 - 2.8 2.8 - uc* Rudensk 3.5 3.5 - 3.0 3.0 - uc* Svisloch 4.9 4.9 - 3.9 3.9 - 46.6 - 46.6 38.5 - 38.5 Smolevichi District 48.4 15.1 33.3 44.0 15.5 28.5 town of Smolevichi 13.5 13.5 - 14.1 14.1 - ic** Zeleny Bor 1.6 1.6 - 1.4 1.4 - Soligorsk District 46.6 10.2 36.4 39.4 10.7 28.7 uc* Krasnaya Sloboda 4.7 4.7 - 4.7 4.7 - uc* Starobin 5.5 5.5 - 6.0 6.0 - Starye Dorogy District 27.6 11.2 16.4 23.9 11.6 12.3 town of Starye Dorogy 11.2 11.2 - 11.6 11.6 - Столбцовский District 48.6 13.4 35.2 45.6 16.9 28.7 town of Stolbtsy 13.4 13.4 - 16.9 16.9 - 27.7 8.2 19.5 25.9 9.5 16.4 town of Uzda 8.2 8.2 - 9.5 9.5 - Cherven District 41.3 16.4 24.9 36.7 15.8 20.9 town of Cherven 11.3 11.3 - 10.6 10.6 - uc* Smilovichi 5.1 5.1 - 5.2 5.2 -

Continuation of Appendix 2 Administrative and terrritorial division and numbers of the population of the Mogilev Region Numbers of the population at year beginning, thousand 1990 2004 total urban rural Total urban rural population population Mogilev Region 1275 .1 844 .9 430 .2 1169 .2 851 .4 317 .8 town of Mogilev 353 .2 353 .2 - 365 .1 365 .1 - town of Bobruisk 218 .6 218 .6 - 220 .8 220 .8 - Belynichi District 30 .2 11 .1 19 .1 23 .3 10 .2 13 .1 uc* Belynichi 11 .1 11 .1 - 10 .2 10 .2 - Bobruisk District 32 .0 1.7 30 .3 23 .6 1.5 22 .1 ic* * Glusha 1.7 1.7 - 1.5 1.5 - Bykhov District 50 .2 18 .3 31 .9 40 .4 17 .3 23 .1 Town of Bykhov 18 .3 18 .3 - 17 .3 17 .3 - Glusk District 24 .3 8.1 16 .2 20 .0 8.0 12 .0 uc* Glusk 8.1 8.1 - 8.0 8.0 - Gor ky District 57 .6 32 .7 24 .9 52 .6 33 .9 18 .7 town of Gorky 1) 32 .7 32 .7 - 33 .9 33 .9 - Dribin District 18 .3 3.0 15 .3 14 .7 3.2 11 .5 uc* Dribin ) 3.0 3.0 - 3.2 3.2 - Kirovsk District 30 .8 8.9 21 .9 25 .3 8.6 16 .7 town of Kirov sk 8.9 8.9 - 8.6 8.6 - Klimovichi District 37 .2 16 .9 20 .3 31 .1 15 .9 15 .2 town of Klimovichi 16 .9 16 .9 - 15 .9 15 .9 - Klichev District 24 .9 8.0 16 .9 19 .7 7.7 12 .0 town of Klichev 8.0 8.0 - 7.7 7.7 - Kostyukovichi District 35 .3 17 .1 18 .2 29 .0 16 .2 12 .8 town of Kostyukovichi 17 .1 17 .1 - 16 .2 16 .2 - Krasnopolye District 15 .3 6.5 8.8 13 .0 6.4 6.6 uc* Krasnopolye 6.5 6.5 - 6.4 6.4 - Krichev District 41 .8 29 .3 12 .5 38 .0 28 .2 9.8 town of Krichev 1) 29 .3 29 .3 - 28 .2 28 .2 - Krugloye District 21 .1 7.7 13 .4 17 .6 7.5 10 .1 uc* Krugloye 7.7 7.7 - 7.5 7.5 - 55 .8 - 55 .8 43 .4 - 43 .4 Mstislavl District 35 .3 11 .7 23 .6 29 .4 11 .7 17 .7 town of Mstislavl 11 .7 11 .7 - 11 .7 11 .7 - Osipovichi District 62 .3 40 .2 22 .1 55 .0 38 .6 16 .4 town of Osipovichi 1) 35 .5 35 .5 - 34 .7 34 .7 - ic* * Grodzyanka 2) 0.6 0.6 - - - - ic* * Elizovo 3.0 3.0 - 3.0 3.0 - ic* * Ta tarka 1.1 1.1 - 0.9 0.9 - Slavgorod District 19 .2 8.0 11 .2 16 .6 8.3 8.3 town of Slavgorod 8.0 8.0 - 8.3 8.3 - Khotimsk District 18 .8 7.7 11 .1 15 .1 7.2 7.9 uc* Khotimsk 7.7 7.7 - 7.2 7.2 - Chausy District 30 .1 11 .3 18 .8 23 .2 10 .8 12 .4 town of Chausy 11 .3 11 .3 - 10 .8 10 .8 - Cherikov District 19 .4 8.6 10 .8 16 .8 8.4 8.4 town of Cherikov 8.6 8.6 - 8.4 8.4 - Shklov District 43 .4 16 .3 27 .1 35 .5 15 .9 19 .6 town of Shklov 16 .3 16 .3 - 15 .9 15 .9 - uc* urban-type community ic** industrial community rs*** health resort settlement 1) Towns of regional subordination that became towns of district subordination after 1990 2) In 2002, the towns of district subordination Grodzyanka and Pervomaisky became rural population centres 3) Until 1997 was a rural population centre. 4) Until 1999 including population centres subordinate to the Town Council.

Appendix 3 Total population

Numbers Increase (+), Including population of the decrease (-) urban rural population against the be- num- increase (+), num increase (+), at the be- ginning of 1990 bers, decrease (-) bers, decrease (-) ginning of thousan % thousan thousa % thou thousand % 2004, to- d d nd sand tal, thou- sand Republic of Belarus 9849.1 -339.8 -3.3 7045.5 313.6 4.7 280 -653.4 -18.9 3.6 Regions: Brest 1462.9 2.4 0.2 916.0 75.5 9.0 546 -73.1 -11.8 .9 Vitebsk 1321.1 -94.6 -6.7 925.5 9.6 1.0 395 -104.2 -20.8 .6 Gomel 1505.4 -157.8 -9.5 1056.1 -18.0 -1.7 449 -139.8 -23.7 .3 Grodno 1146.1 -26.2 -2.2 747.0 65.9 9.7 399 -92.1 -18.7 .1 City of 1741.4 117.9 7.3 1741.4 118.5 7.3 - -0.6 - Minsk Minsk 1503.0 -75.6 -4.8 808.1 55.6 7.4 694 -131.2 -15.9 .9 Mogilev 1169.2 -105.9 -8.3 851.4 6.5 0.8 317 -112.4 -26.1 .8

Children up to the age of 15 years (population below working age)

Numbers Increase (+), Including population of the decrease (-) urban rural population against the be- num- increase (+), num- increase (+), at the be- ginning of 1990 bers, decrease (-) bers, decrease (-) ginning of thousan % thousan thousa % thousan thousa % 2004, to- d d nd d nd tal, thou- sand Republic of Belarus 1757.6 -739.6 -29.6 1252.3 -511.3 -29 505.3 -228.3 -31.1 Regions: Brest 287.0 -88.1 -23.5 180.5 -52.9 -22.7 106.5 -35.2 -24.8 Vitebsk 223.4 -101.0 -31.1 154.6 -69.5 -31.0 68.8 -31.5 -31.4 Gomel 278.4 -139.4 -33.4 194.4 -92.4 -32.2 84.0 -47.0 -35.9 Grodno 213.2 -66.4 -23.7 144.1 -42.4 -22.7 69.1 -24.0 -25.8 City of 276.3 -126.7 -31.4 276.3 -126.5 -31.4 - -0.2 - Minsk Minsk 270.0 -117.6 -30.3 151.1 -58.5 -27.9 118.9 -59.1 -33.2 Mogilev 209.3 -100.4 -32.4 151.3 -69.1 -31.4 58.0 -31.3 -35.1

Appendix 4 Population of working age (women 16-54, men 16-59 years)

Numbers Increase (+), Including population of the decrease (-) urban rural population against the be- num- increase (+), num- increase (+), at the be- ginning of 1990 bers, decrease (-) bers, decrease (-) ginning of thousan % thousan thousa % thousan thousa % 2004 total, d d nd d nd thousand Republic of Belarus 6009.7 317.9 5.6 4605.8 540.8 13.3 1403.9 -222.9 -13.7 Regions: Brest 866.5 71.4 9.0 594.3 93.1 18.6 272.2 -21.7 -7.4 Vitebsk 794.0 13.5 1.7 594.3 46.9 8.6 199.7 -33.4 -14.3 Gomel 903.4 -4.4 -0.5 680.2 43.1 6.8 223.2 -47.5 -17.5 Grodno 672.3 27.2 4.2 485.3 74.4 18.1 187.0 -47.2 -20.2 City of 1171.2 152.2 14.9 1171.2 152.6 15.0 - -0.4 - Minsk Minsk 891.6 40.9 4.8 524.3 76.2 17.0 367.3 -35.3 -8.8 Mogilev 710.7 17.1 2.5 556.2 54.5 10.9 154.5 -37.4 -19.5

Population above working age (women 55 years and older, men 60 years and older)

Numbers Increase (+), Including population of the decrease (-) urban population against the be- num- numbers, at the be- ginning of 1990 bers, thousand ginning of thousan % thousan thousa % thousa % 2004 total, d d nd nd thousand Republic of Belarus 2081.8 81.9 4.1 1187.4 284.1 31.5 894.4 - -18.4 202.2 Regions: Brest 309.4 19.1 6.6 141.2 35.3 33.3 168.2 -16.2 -8.8 Vitebsk 303.7 -7.1 -2.3 176.6 32.2 22.3 127.1 -39.3 -23.6 Gomel 323.6 -14.0 -4.1 181.5 31.3 20.8 142.1 -45.3 -24.2 Grodno 260.6 13.0 5.3 117.6 33.9 40.5 143.0 -20.9 -12.8 City of 293.9 92.4 45.9 293.9 92.4 45.9 - - - Minsk Minsk 341.4 1.1 0.3 132.7 37.9 40.0 208.7 -36.8 -15.0 Mogilev 249.2 -22.6 -8.3 143.9 21.1 17.2 105.3 -43.7 -29.3

Appendix 5 Changes in the age structure of the population

Share of the total population, % at year beginning 1990 2004 chil- population population chil- population population dren of working above dren of working above 0-15 age working 0-15 age working age years age years Total population Republic of Belarus 24.5 55.9 19.6 17.9 61.0 21.1 Regions: Brest 25.7 54.4 19.9 19.6 59.2 21.2 Vitebsk 22.9 55.1 22.0 16.9 60.1 23.0 Gomel 25.1 54.6 20.3 18.5 60.0 21.5 Grodno 23.9 55.0 21.1 18.6 58.7 22.7 City of Minsk 24.8 62.8 12.4 15.9 67.2 16.9 Minsk 24.5 53.9 21.6 18.0 59.3 22.7 Mogilev 24.3 54.4 21.3 17.9 60.8 21.3 Urban population Republic of Belarus 26.2 60.4 13.4 17.8 65.4 16.8 Regions: Brest 27.8 59.6 12.6 19.7 64.9 15.4 Vitebsk 24.5 59.7 15.8 16.7 64.2 19.1 Gomel 26.7 59.3 14.0 18.4 64.4 17.2 Grodno 27.4 60.3 12.3 19.3 65.0 15.7 City of Minsk 24.8 62.8 12.4 15.9 67.2 16.9 Minsk 27.9 59.5 12.6 18.7 64.9 16.4 Mogilev 26.1 59.4 14.5 17.8 65.3 16.9 Rural population Republic of Belarus 21.2 47.1 31.7 18.0 50.1 31.9 Regions: Brest 22.9 47.4 29.7 19.5 49.8 30.7 Vitebsk 20.1 46.6 33.3 17.4 50.5 32.1 Gomel 22.2 46.0 31.8 18.7 49.7 31.6 Grodno 19.0 47.7 33.3 17.3 46.9 35.8 City of Minsk 27.1 60.1 12.8 Minsk 21.6 48.7 29.7 17.1 52.9 30.0 Mogilev 20.8 44.6 34.6 18.2 48.6 33.2

Appendix 6 Burden on the able-bodied population of the Republic of Belarus by region

Burden on the able- Including bodied population - total Children 0-15 years People above working 1990 2004 age 1990 2004 1990 2004

Total population Republic of Belarus 790 639 439 293 351 346 Regions: Brest 837 688 472 331 365 357 Vitebsk 814 664 416 281 398 383 Gomel 832 666 460 308 372 358 Grodno 817 705 433 317 384 388 City of Minsk 593 487 395 236 198 251 Minsk 856 686 456 303 400 383 Mogilev 839 645 447 294 392 351 Urban population Republic of Belarus 656 530 434 272 222 258 Regions: Brest 677 541 466 304 211 237 Vitebsk 673 557 409 260 264 297 Gomel 686 553 450 286 236 267 Grodno 658 539 454 297 204 242 City of Minsk 593 487 395 236 198 251 Minsk 680 541 468 288 212 253 Mogilev 684 531 439 272 245 259

Rural population Republic of Belarus 1125 997 451 360 674 637 Regions: Brest 1109 1009 482 391 627 618 Vitebsk 1145 981 430 345 715 636 Gomel 1175 1013 483 377 692 636 Grodno 1098 1134 398 369 700 765 City of Minsk 665 - 452 - 213 - Minsk 1052 892 442 324 610 568 Mogilev 1242 1057 466 375 776 682

Appendix 7 ние 2 Number of single parent families with children up to the age of 17 years (according to population census data)

Number of single parent families Total Mothers with children Fathers with chil- dren 1989 1999 1989 1999 1989 1999

Republic of Belarus 155827 213705 147011 201790 8816 11915 Regions: Brest 18909 26008 17909 24590 1000 1418

Vitebsk 21511 30152 20230 28425 1281 1727

Gomel 25380 34984 23932 33108 1448 1876

Grodno 15209 21273 14245 20022 964 1251

town ofMinsk 34365 46497 32746 43807 1619 2690

Minsk ая 21703 28356 20273 26683 1430 1673

Mogilev ская 18750 26435 17676 25155 1074 1280

Appendix 8 Demographic indicators by region of the Republic of Belarus

Republic of Including Region Belarus Brest Vitebsk Gomel Grodno City of Minsk Mogilev Minsk Population 1.0 Total num- bers of the population (as of 1 Janu- ary) 1990 10188.9 1460. 1415.7 1663.2 1172.3 1623.5 1578. 1275.1 5 6 2000 10019.5 1484. 1369.1 1540.3 1179.7 1688.1 1549. 1208.6 2 5 2004 9849.1 1462. 1321.1 1505.4 1146.1 1741.4 1503. 1169.2 9 0 1.1 Numbers of men 1990 4777.5 690.4 656.0 775.4 551.8 767.6 741.9 594.4 2000 4703.2 701.9 638.3 715.9 555.9 790.8 731.1 569.3 2004 4610.2 689.9 614.7 699.4 538.0 809.2 708.9 550.1 1.2 Numbers of women 1990 5411.4 770.1 759.7 887.8 620.5 855.9 836.7 680.7 2000 5316.3 782.3 730.8 824.4 623.8 897.3 818.4 639.3 2004 5238.9 773.0 706.4 806.0 608.1 932.2 794.1 619.1 1.3 Numbers of children aged up to 15 years 1990 2497.2 375.1 324.4 417.8 279.6 403.0 387.6 309.7 2000 2065.5 327.7 270.5 323.6 249.6 322.5 323.6 248.0 2004 1757.6 287.0 223.4 278.4 213.2 276.3 270.0 209.3 1.4 Numbers of the popula- tion of work- ing age (women 16-54, men 16-59 years) 1990 5691.8 795.1 780.5 907.8 645.1 1019.0 850.7 693.6 2000 5809.3 841.4 778.5 874.8 659.8 1096.2 865.3 693.3 2004 6009.7 866.5 794.0 903.4 672.3 1171.2 891.6 710.7

Continuation of Appendix 8 Republic of Including Region Belarus Brest Vitebsk Gomel Grodno City of Minsk Mogilev Minsk 1.5 Numbers of the popula- tion above working age (women 55 years and over, men 60 years and over) 1990 1999.9 290.3 310.8 337.6 247.6 201.5 340.3 271.8 2000 2144.7 315.1 320.1 341.9 270.3 269.4 360.6 267.3 2004 2081.8 309.4 303.7 323.6 260.6 293.9 341.4 249.2 1.6 Percentage of the urban population 1990 66.1 57.5 64.7 64.6 58.1 100.0 47.7 66.3 2000 69.7 61.2 67.5 68.6 63.0 100.0 52.3 70.7 2004 71.5 62.6 70.1 70.2 65.2 100.0 53.8 72.8 2.0 Overall fertility rate – by year 1990 1.913 2.138 1.867 1.936 2.094 1.598 2.037 1.914 2000 1.310 1.538 1.241 1.331 1.392 1.097 1.391 1.328 2003 1.206 1.403 1.133 1.242 1.302 1.031 1.293 1.187 3.0 Life expec- tancy of males 1990 66.3 67.3 65.7 66.5 67.0 68.6 65.2 66.0 2000 63.4 64.2 62.9 62.9 63.3 65.3 62.1 62.8 2003 62.7 63.2 62.2 62.2 61.6 66.1 60.9 62.0 3.1 Life expec- tancy of fe- males 1990 75.6 76.3 75.8 76.2 76.3 76.3 76.0 76.0 2000 74.7 75.6 74.1 74.3 74.9 76.0 73.8 74.0 2003 74.7 75.1 73.9 74.6 74.4 76.8 73.6 74.0

Continuation of Appendix 8

Republic of Including Region Belarus Brest Vitebsk Gomel Grodno City of Minsk Mogilev Minsk 4.0 Overall birth rate – by year (per 1000 of the popula- tion) 1990 14.0 15.0 13.2 13.6 14.7 14.4 13.5 13.4 2000 9.4 10.7 8.5 9.6 9.3 9.1 9.0 9.4 2003 9.0 10.0 8.0 9.2 8.9 9.0 8.7 8.7 4.1 Overall mortality rate – by year (per 1000 of the population) 1990 10.8 10.5 12.5 10.9 11.5 6.6 12.2 11.7 2000 13.5 12.7 15.0 14.0 14.2 9.4 15.3 14.8 2003 14.5 13.9 16.4 15.0 15.8 9.4 16.7 15.8 4.2 Level of natural in- crease (de- crease "-") of the population 1990 3.2 4.5 0.7 2.7 3.2 7.8 1.3 1.7 2000 -4.1 -2.0 -6.5 -4.4 -4.9 -0.3 -6.3 -5.4 2003 -5.5 -3.9 -8.4 -5.8 -6.9 -0.4 -8.0 -7.1 5.0 Ratio of the number of divorces to the number of marriages (per 100) 1990 35 25 37 39 25 49 32 35 2000 70 57 80 75 62 69 71 75 2003 45 40 54 47 42 45 44 46

Continuation of Appendix 8 Republic of Including Region Belarus Brest Vitebs Gomel Grodn City of Minsk Mogil k o Minsk ev 6.0 Average family size according to population censuses 1989 3.2 3.2 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.3 3.2 3.2 1999 3.1 3.2 3.0 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.1 3.1 6.1 Number of chil- dren aged up to 17 years (thousand) 1989 1608.4 227.1 215.2 264.2 177.0 286.6 241.1 197.2 1999 1580.9 233.9 212.5 243.7 182.3 279.7 239.3 189.5 6.2 Number of two- parent families with children aged up to 17 years 1989 1401.0 202.3 186.0 229.7 156.8 242.7 212.0 171.5 1999 1274.9 198.5 169.4 193.8 152.3 210.8 198.8 151.3 6.3 Number of single- parent families with children 1989 207.4 24.8 29.2 34.5 20.2 43.9 29.1 25.7 1999 306.0 35.4 43.1 49.9 30.0 68.9 40.5 38.2 6.4 Number of chil- dren in single-parent families 1989 251.5 31.3 34.6 42.3 24.9 50.9 36.4 31.1 1999 406.2 48.4 56.3 67.8 41.0 86.0 55.6 51.1 7.0 Share of the population of the main nationalities, according to the 1999 population census − Belorussians 81.2 85.0 82.0 84.2 62.3 79.3 86.6 86.1 − 11.4 8.7 13.6 11.0 10.1 15.7 9.0 10.9 − 2.4 3.8 1.6 3.3 1.8 2.4 1.6 1.7 − 3.9 1.8 1.5 0.2 24.8 1.0 1.9 0.2 7.1 Among the popu- lation aged 25 years or more Percentage of the population: − with a complete secondary education 1989 45.8 43.5 43.8 46.7 41.9 53.8 43.1 46.5 1999 57.1 56.4 56.8 58.4 55.1 57.4 56.5 59.1 − with a com- plete higher education 1989 12.5 9.7 9.9 10.3 9.9 27.6 8.9 9.9 1999 16.2 13.5 13.6 12.9 13.9 32.1 12.5 12.9 Appendix 9 Healthcare indices by regions of the Republic of Belarus

Republic of Including Region Belarus Brest Vitebsk Gomel Grodno City of Minsk Mogilev Minsk Healthcare 1.0 Infant mor- tality rate – by year 1990 11.9 12.8 12.0 12.7 11.3 13.7 10.7 9.6 2000 9.3 9.2 11.3 12.0 8.3 6.4 8.9 9.5 2003 7.7 9.0 7.7 10.3 5.6 5.5 7.9 7.7 2.0 Mortality rate of children aged up to 4 years 1990 15.2 16.4 15.5 16.9 14.6 15.5 14.0 12.7 2000 12.3 12.4 15.8 15.1 10.0 8.7 11.4 12.8 2003 9.9 11.0 9.8 12.3 8.5 7.1 10.1 10.4 3.0 Maternal mortality rate 1990 22 18 21 27 17 21 19 29 2000 21 - 17 20 18 39 29 27 2003 17 14 47 7 10 13 8 29 4.0 Mortality rate of the male popula- tion aged 5-19 years from ac- cidents, poi- soning and in- jury 1990 46.9 35.5 45.6 55.0 56.3 28.2 59.9 51.4 2000 41.9 37.3 42.4 40.1 46.7 27.7 54.1 49.4 2003 44.6 40.1 47.1 44.2 41.6 25.6 65.4 52.1 4.1 Mortality rate of the fe- male popula- tion aged 5-19 years from ac- cidents, poi- soning and in- jury 1990 14.5 16.6 14.1 17.7 12.8 12.7 15.9 10.8 2000 17.2 13.4 17.0 17.9 20.6 13.4 22.4 16.9 2003 13.4 10.6 24.2 9.2 12.9 10.0 16.1 12.8

Continuation of Appendix 9

Republic of Including Region Belarus Brest Vitebs Gomel Grodno City of Minsk Mogile k Minsk v 5.0. Number of doc- tors (excluding den- tists) 1990 39597 4610 5603 4624 4981 11165 4540 4074 2000 45817 5647 6125 5781 5762 13559 4561 4382 2003 45027 5546 5729 5450 5650 13412 4907 4333 5.1. Number of pae- diatricians 1990 5088 662 637 604 606 1409 651 519 2000 4252 641 599 523 563 1005 516 405 2003 3876 564 520 490 534 909 494 365 6.0. Number of hos- pital beds 1990 135067 18455 20540 22455 15350 22330 18082 17855 2000 126209 17700 18562 19976 15025 22007 16455 16484 2003 112007 16360 15450 17415 13189 20778 15842 12973 6.1. Number of chil- dren’s hospital beds 1990 17680 2347 2290 2736 2041 3582 2267 2417 2000 15267 2129 1890 2377 1685 3328 1674 2184 2003 13853 1973 1705 2014 1472 2773 2070 1846 6.2. including paedi- atric beds 1990 9277 1348 1575 1559 1103 1030 1402 1260 2000 8240 1228 1247 1360 971 1060 1194 1180 2003 7193 1113 1069 1108 925 580 1365 1033 inc. (from 6.1) beds in chil- dren’s hospitals 1990 6315 895 465 815 360 2310 225 1245 2000 6045 855 535 835 345 2105 350 1020 2003 6010 850 515 735 320 1660 950 980 7.0. New hospitals opened, by number of beds 1991-1995 6946 1065 1692 1632 440 277 970 870 1996-2000 4077 813 225 763 415 160 831 870 2001-2003 2332 410 192 690 271 76 423 270 8.0. Immunisation - proportion of chil- dren receiving the combined anti- diphtheria/whooping cough/tetanus inocu- lation, % 2000 99,1 99,1 99,1 99,1 99,1 99,2 99,1 99,4 2003 98,9 98,7 99,0 98,6 98,8 99,2 98,4 99,5 Appendix 10 Indicators of education, culture and the crime level, by region of the Republic of Belarus

Republic of Including Region Belarus Brest Vitebsk Gomel Grodno City of Minsk Mogile Minsk v Education, cul- ture, crime 1. Number of children of pre- school age (0-5 years) as of 1 January 1990 954.9 144.8 126.3 152.4 111.9 154.7 149.0 115.8 2000 557.6 95.2 70.0 89.1 67.4 84.0 84.5 67.4 2003 542.8 92.0 65.9 86.2 64.3 89.0 80.6 64.8 2. Number of children of pri- mary school age (6-9 years) 1990 650.5 97.1 84.4 106.1 72.4 109.7 102.2 78.6 2000 477.3 77.9 62.2 75.8 59.5 70.7 74.1 57.1 2003 388.2 66.0 49.2 61.7 47.7 57.4 59.7 46.5 3. Number of children of sec- ondary school age (10-17 years) 1990 1180.6 181.1 157.0 190.2 132.8 189.5 182.8 147.2 2000 1297.4 195.1 171.6 199.9 152.3 219.1 203.8 155.6 2003 1162.8 178.6 153.3 180.0 140.6 190.6 181.4 138.3

Continuation of Appendix 10

Republic Including Region of Brest Vitebsk Gomel Grodno City of Minsk Mogil Belarus Minsk ev 4. Number of chil- dren attending pre- school educational institutions 1990 607962 85161 83450 96819 67330 109509 91085 74608 2000 390812 56763 49907 63168 47637 71848 55969 45520 2003 362386 54626 46542 56187 43614 68879 51402 41136 5. Number of pupils in the 1-4 grades of general secondary educational institu- tions 1990/91 614821 94880 80124 98506 70043 99618 97421 74229 2000/01 551486 86692 72577 86513 67709 87172 84730 66093 2003/04 397921 67015 49573 63941 48630 60284 60771 47707 6. Number of pupils in the 5-11 grades of general secon- dary educational institutions 1990/91 10187 843687 133796 108689 137397 93930 135946 132053 6 2000/01 11280 951597 149105 122855 149887 112113 156999 147834 4 2003/04 11067 933355 145976 120937 145796 112417 154888 142671 0 7. Number of drop- outs from general secondary educa- tional institutions 2000/01 9187 761 2174 1374 1037 896 2284 661 2002/03 5951 553 765 1011 712 632 1569 709

8 Number of pre- school educational institutions 1990 5350 724 960 884 596 543 932 711 2000 4423 606 728 757 513 466 766 587 Republic Including Region of Brest Vitebsk Gomel Grodno City of Minsk Mogil Belarus Minsk ev 2003 4182 593 677 714 503 427 719 549

9. Number of gen- eral secondary edu- cational institutions 1990/91 2664 421 389 453 319 198 531 353 2000/01 2915 461 437 487 348 233 572 377 2003/04 2858 461 415 477 342 236 558 369 10. Number of gen- eral primary and basic educational institutions 1990/91 2557 420 472 382 420 5 476 382 2000/01 1674 305 346 230 291 16 281 205 2003/04 1383 246 318 195 219 13 229 163 11. Number of teachers in primary, basic and secondary educational institu- tions (not including part-timers) 1990/91 110614 17391 16045 17197 14015 13606 19141 13219 2000/01 133542 21174 18949 20325 17164 18440 22272 15218 2003/04 127207 20524 17562 19890 16282 17686 20903 14360

12. Number of pu- pils in professional training institutions 1990/91 141114 19902 19971 20534 17073 23133 20320 20181 2000/01 138593 19492 20120 19957 16511 24298 19096 19119 2003/04 125361 17377 18500 18527 14347 21453 18100 17057 13. Number of pro- fessional training institutions 1990/91 255 35 40 45 30 34 33 38 2000/01 248 33 38 41 31 36 33 36 Republic Including Region of Brest Vitebsk Gomel Grodno City of Minsk Mogil Belarus Minsk ev 2003/04 242 32 36 41 31 34 31 37 14. Number of pro- fessional theatres 1990 21 2 2 3 3 7 1 3 2000 27 2 2 4 3 11 2 3 2003 28 2 2 4 3 12 2 3 15. Number of pub- lic libraries 1990 6239 1062 1056 991 983 184 1174 789 2000 5200 882 874 844 809 131 1006 654 2003 4743 813 798 799 680 130 921 602

Appendix 11 Standard of living Republic including by region Indicators of Bela- Brest Vitebs Gomel Grodno City of Minsk Mogil rus k Minsk ev 1. Registered unem- ployment by year 1995 2.9 3.0 3.0 3.3 3.1 1.6 3.9 3.4 2000 2.1 1.7 2.6 2.6 2.2 1.5 1.9 2.6 2003 3.1 3.8 4.0 3.5 3.1 1.6 2.9 3.6 2. Average wage, rou- bles; data by region as a percentage of the av- erage for the Republic as a whole 1995 755129 82.8 91.6 100.1 90.5 133.4 95.4 94.6 1) 2000 58916 86.9 90.4 96.6 89.4 130.4 99.1 90.1 2003 250686 88.3 91.8 97.2 90.1 125.4 99.8 87.6 3. Per capita monetary incomes of the popula- tion, Roubles; data by region as a percentage of the av- erage for the Republic as a whole ∗ 1995 625580 87.0 91.6 88.5 87.0 125.1 86.7 2000 1) 50065 89.4 91.2 93.9 97.6 117.3 86.6 2003 223224 85.4 81.5 87.2 89.4 132.4 76.6 4. Poverty level of the ∗∗ population , % 1995 38.4 46.1 40.8 38.9 45.5 24.1 35.5 39.8 2000 41.9 48.6 48.7 37.6 48.8 22.0 43.4 47.6 2003 27.1 30.2 25.6 32.3 30.3 10.4 26.9 38.0 5. Income distribution of the population (Gini co- efficient) 1995 0.261 0.251 0.271 0.251 0.245 0.282 0.257 0.252 2000 0.270 0.237 0.254 0.254 0.252 0.281 0.269 0.269 2003 0.254 0.237 0.261 0.251 0.218 0.246 0.235 0.247 6. Share of incomes spent on foodstuffs in the con- sumer outlays of house- holds, % 1995 61.6 60.6 63.1 64.3 60.7 60.8 60.4 61.4 2000 59.6 58.5 59.9 61.9 56.0 58.1 61.9 61.6 2003 47.9 46.7 45.3 48.0 48.3 48.2 49.5 49.4

1) Taking the denomination into account (division by 1000) ∗ Including the city of Minsk ∗∗ Share of the population with a disposable income below a subsistence level budget

Continuation of Appendix 11

Republic including by region Indicators of Bela- Brest Vitebsk Gomel Grodno City of Minsk Mogil rus Minsk ev 7. Per capita consumption of meat, fish, meat and fish products, per annum, kg. 1995 60.7 54.8 56.9 62.6 56.2 76.0 60.1 56.7 2000 63.2 57.5 52.3 65.1 58.4 85.7 63.5 56.1 2003 69.6 66.3 62.7 64.8 70.8 86.4 70.7 62.1 8. Number of square me- tres overall living space per capita 1995 19.7 19.2 20.3 20.4 20.6 16.8 20.4 20.9 2000 21.2 21.0 21.8 21.9 22.2 18.4 21.8 22.4 2003 22.3 21.9 22.7 23.4 23.5 18.8 23.0 23.8 9. Percentage of the popu- lation with modern ameni- ∗ ties : (according to the popula- tion censuses) - central heating ∗∗ 1989 58.5 48.7 54.3 55.3 49.1 97.1 48.1 51.3 1999 60.9 50.5 57.0 57.6 53.4 96.3 47.9 56.9 - water supply 1989 61.6 52.4 56.7 60.7 53.7 96.6 50.5 55.1 1999 71.8 65.3 64.9 72.6 66.7 98.7 63.4 65.0 - sewage system 1989 57.0 48.2 52.5 54.6 48.8 95.1 44.6 49.6 1999 68.7 61.6 61.2 68.6 64.2 97.8 57.4 64.3

∗ among the total who indicated the type of dwelling ∗∗ including heating by automatic gas heaters and small boilers