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14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–13 Edition) §

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14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–13 Edition) § § 1.2 14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–13 Edition) True airspeed means the airspeed of on the wing’s ability to flexibly deform an aircraft relative to undisturbed air. rather than the use of control surfaces. True airspeed is equal to equivalent Winglet or tip fin means an out-of- airspeed multiplied by (r0/r)1⁄2. plane surface extending from a lifting Type: surface. The surface may or may not (1) As used with respect to the cer- have control surfaces. tification, ratings, privileges, and limi- [Doc. No. 1150, 27 FR 4588, May 15, 1962] tations of airmen, means a specific EDITORIAL NOTE: For FEDERAL REGISTER ci- make and basic model of aircraft, in- tations affecting § 1.1, see the List of CFR cluding modifications thereto that do Sections Affected, which appears in the not change its handling or flight char- Finding Aids section of the printed volume acteristics. Examples include: DC–7, and at www.fdsys.gov. 1049, and F–27; and (2) As used with respect to the cer- § 1.2 Abbreviations and symbols. tification of aircraft, means those air- In Subchapters A through K of this craft which are similar in design. Ex- chapter: amples include: DC–7 and DC–7C; 1049G AFM means airplane flight manual. and 1049H; and F–27 and F–27F. AGL means above ground level. (3) As used with respect to the cer- ALS means approach light system. tification of aircraft engines means APU means auxiliary power unit. those engines which are similar in de- ASR means airport surveillance sign. For example, JT8D and JT8D–7 radar. are engines of the same type, and ATC means air traffic control. JT9D–3A and JT9D–7 are engines of the ATS means Air Traffic Service. same type. CAMP means continuous airworthi- United States, in a geographical sense, ness maintenance program. means calibrated airspeed. means (1) the States, the District of CAS CAT II means Category II. Columbia, Puerto Rico, and the posses- CHDO means an FAA Flight Stand- sions, including the territorial waters, ards certificate holding district office. and (2) the airspace of those areas. CMP means configuration, mainte- United States air carrier means a cit- nance, and procedures. izen of the United States who under- CONSOL or CONSOLAN means a kind takes directly by lease, or other ar- of low or medium frequency long range rangement, to engage in air transpor- navigational aid. tation. DH means decision height. VFR over-the-top, with respect to the DME means distance measuring operation of aircraft, means the oper- equipment compatible with TACAN. ation of an aircraft over-the-top under EAS means equivalent airspeed. VFR when it is not being operated on EFVS means enhanced flight vision an IFR flight plan. system. Warning area. A warning area is air- Equi-Time Point means a point on the space of defined dimensions, extending route of flight where the flight time, from 3 nautical miles outward from the considering wind, to each of two se- coast of the United States, that con- lected airports is equal. tains activity that may be hazardous ETOPS means extended operations. to nonparticipating aircraft. The pur- EWIS, as defined by § 25.1701 of this pose of such warning areas is to warn chapter, means electrical wiring inter- nonparticipating pilots of the potential connection system. danger. A warning area may be located FAA means Federal Aviation Admin- over domestic or international waters istration. or both. FFS means full flight simulator. Weight-shift-control aircraft means a FM means fan marker. powered aircraft with a framed piv- FSTD means flight simulation train- oting wing and a fuselage controllable ing device. only in pitch and roll by the pilot’s FTD means flight training device. ability to change the aircraft’s center GS means glide slope. of gravity with respect to the wing. HIRL means high-intensity runway Flight control of the aircraft depends light system. 18 VerDate Mar<15>2010 08:36 Apr 02, 2013 Jkt 229045 PO 00000 Frm 00028 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\229045.XXX 229045 wreier-aviles on DSK5TPTVN1PROD with CFR Federal Aviation Administration, DOT § 1.2 IAS means indicated airspeed. RBN means radio beacon. ICAO means International Civil Avia- RCLM means runway centerline tion Organization. marking. IFR means instrument flight rules. RCLS means runway centerline light IFSD means in-flight shutdown. system. ILS means instrument landing sys- REIL means runway end identifica- tem. tion lights. IM means ILS inner marker. RFFS means rescue and firefighting INT means intersection. services. LDA means localizer-type directional RNAV means area navigation. aid. RR means low or medium frequency LFR means low-frequency radio radio range station. range. RVR means runway visual range as LMM means compass locator at mid- measured in the touchdown zone area. dle marker. SALS means short approach light sys- LOC means ILS localizer. tem. LOM means compass locator at outer SATCOM means satellite communica- marker. tions. M means mach number. SSALS means simplified short ap- MAA means maximum authorized proach light system. IFR altitude. SSALSR means simplified short ap- MALS means medium intensity ap- proach light system with runway align- proach light system. ment indicator lights. MALSR means medium intensity ap- TACAN means ultra-high frequency proach light system with runway align- tactical air navigational aid. ment indicator lights. TAS means true airspeed. MCA means minimum crossing alti- TCAS means a traffic alert and colli- tude. sion avoidance system. MDA means minimum descent alti- TDZL means touchdown zone lights. tude. TSO means technical standard order. MEA means minimum en route IFR TVOR means very high frequency ter- altitude. MEL means minimum equipment minal omnirange station. list. VA means design maneuvering MM means ILS middle marker. speed. MOCA means minimum obstruction VB means design speed for maximum clearance altitude. gust intensity. MRA means minimum reception alti- VC means design cruising speed. tude. VD means design diving speed. MSL means mean sea level. VDF/MDF means demonstrated flight NDB (ADF) means nondirectional diving speed. beacon (automatic direction finder). VEF means the speed at which the NM means nautical mile. critical engine is assumed to fail dur- NOPAC means North Pacific area of ing takeoff. operation. VF means design flap speed. NOPT means no procedure turn re- VFC/MFC means maximum speed for quired. stability characteristics. OEI means one engine inoperative. VFE means maximum flap extended OM means ILS outer marker. speed. OPSPECS means operations specifica- VFTO means final takeoff speed. tions. VH means maximum speed in level PACOTS means Pacific Organized flight with maximum continuous Track System. power. PAR means precision approach radar. VLE means maximum landing gear PMA means parts manufacturer ap- extended speed. proval. VLO means maximum landing gear PTRS means Performance Tracking operating speed. and Reporting System. VLOF means lift-off speed. RAIL means runway alignment indi- VMC means minimum control speed cator light system. with the critical engine inoperative. 19 VerDate Mar<15>2010 08:36 Apr 02, 2013 Jkt 229045 PO 00000 Frm 00029 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\229045.XXX 229045 wreier-aviles on DSK5TPTVN1PROD with CFR § 1.3 14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–13 Edition) VMO/MMO means maximum operating § 1.3 Rules of construction. limit speed. (a) In Subchapters A through K of V means minimum unstick speed. MU this chapter, unless the context re- VNE means never-exceed speed. quires otherwise: VNO means maximum structural (1) Words importing the singular in- cruising speed. clude the plural; VR means rotation speed. (2) Words importing the plural in- VREF means reference landing speed. clude the singular; and VS means the stalling speed or the (3) Words importing the masculine minimum steady flight speed at which gender include the feminine. the airplane is controllable. (b) In Subchapters A through K of VS0 means the stalling speed or the this chapter, the word: minimum steady flight speed in the (1) Shall is used in an imperative landing configuration. sense; V means the stalling speed or the S1 (2) May is used in a permissive sense minimum steady flight speed obtained to state authority or permission to do in a specific configuration. the act prescribed, and the words ‘‘no V means reference stall speed. SR person may * * *’’ or ‘‘a person may VSRO means reference stall speed in not * * *’’ mean that no person is re- the landing configuration. quired, authorized, or permitted to do VSR1 means reference stall speed in a the act prescribed; and specific configuration. (3) Includes means ‘‘includes but is VSW means speed at which onset of not limited to’’. natural or artificial stall warning oc- curs. [Doc. No. 1150, 27 FR 4590, May 15, 1962, as amended by Amdt. 1–10, 31 FR 5055, Mar. 29, VTOSS means takeoff safety speed for Category A rotorcraft. 1966] VX means speed for best angle of climb. PART 3—GENERAL REQUIREMENTS VY means speed for best rate of climb. Sec. 3.1 Applicability. V1 means the maximum speed in the takeoff at which the pilot must take 3.5 Statements about products, parts, appli- the first action (e.g., apply brakes, re- ances and materials. duce thrust, deploy speed brakes) to AUTHORITY: 49 U.S.C. 106(g), 40113, 44701, stop the airplane within the accelerate- and 44704. stop distance. V1 also means the min- SOURCE: 70 FR 54832, Sept. 16, 2005, unless imum speed in the takeoff, following a otherwise noted. failure of the critical engine at VEF, at which the pilot can continue the take- § 3.1 Applicability. off and achieve the required height (a) This part applies to any person above the takeoff surface within the who makes a record regarding: takeoff distance.
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