Notes and References

References to material in the Public Record Office are shown as 'PRO', with the class and piece number following. References to British Transport Commission papers are shown as 'BTC', with the file number following. These files are all from the former Chief Secretary's registry. The BTC's Annual Reports are indicated by 'AR', with the year and page number following. Minutes of the Executives are given their number, after the initials of the Executive concerned. Biographical notes are drawn chiefly from Who's Who and Who Was Who; from obituary notices in The Times; from the Dictionary ofNational Biography; from the transport technical journals, and from The Economist.

2 Drafting the Bill

1. Sir Norman Chester, The Nationalisation of British Industry, 1945-51 (London, 1975). 2. The Labour Party, Let Us Face the Future (London, 1945) p. 7. 3. Alfred Barnes (1887-1974) PC, MP. 'A designer by trade' (Who's Who). Educated Northampton Institute and LCC School of Arts and Crafts. MP (Labour/Co-op) for S.E. Ham, 1922-31 and 1935-55. A Lord Commissioner of the Treasury, 1929-30. Minister of War Transport and then Minister of Transport, 1945-51. Chairman of the Co-operative Party, 1924-45. Proprietor of the Eastcliffe Hotel, Walton-on-the-Naze. 'Made an important contribution to the development of the Co-operative movement as a political force ... shrewd business ability and much administrative skill ... He saw no point in needless rigidity. He was criticised by some Labour back-benchers for the measure of freedom of choice he left in the carriage of goods by road but that did not bother him ... His views did not commend themselves to some Labour intellectuals' (Times obituary). 4. Edward Hugh John Neale Dalton (1887-1962) (Lord Dalton, created 1960) PC, DSc, LLD, DCL, MP (Labour) for Camberwell, 1924-29; for Bishop Auckland, 1929-31 and 1935-59. Research student, London School of Economics, 1911-13. Barrister-at-law, 1912. War service 1914- 19. Lecturer, LSE, 1919. Sir Ernest Cassel Reader in Commerce, 1920-25. Reader in Economics, 1925-36. (Hon. Fellow, LSE.) Parliamentary Under-Secretary, Foreign Office, 1929-31. Minister of Economic War­ fare, 1940-42. President of the Board of Trade, 1942-45. Chancellor of the Exchequer, 1945-51. Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, 1950-51. Minister of Local Government and Planning, 1951. Chairman, National Executive of the Labour Party, 1936-37. Author of numerous books on politics, economics, and travel. 5. Unpublished diary of Hugh Dalton, in British Library of Political and Economic Science, entry dated 20 December 1946. 6. (Sir) Cyril William Hurcomb (1883-1975), first Baron Hurcomb of Campden Hill (created 1950), GCB, KBE, entered the Post Office after

168 Notes and References to pp. 4-8 169

graduating at StJohn's College, Oxford (of which in later life he became an honorary Fellow). He became Private Secretary to the Postmaster­ General in 1911 and in 1915 was Director of Commercial Services in the wartime Ministry of Shipping. He became Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of Transport in 1927 but was appointed Chairman of the Electricity Commissioners in 1938. In 1939 he was made Director-General of the Ministry of Shipping and held the same rank after the Ministries of Shipping and Transport were amalgamated in 1941 to form the Ministry of War Transport. After the War he was Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of Transport once more, until becoming Chairman of the BTC. His deep interest in ornithology and nature conservation led to his becoming President of the Nature Conservancy in 1961-62 and of the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds in 1962--66. He was also a trustee of the British Museum, 196(}-63. His peerage was conferred in 1950. 7. From'Autobiographical Notes' dictated by Lord Hurcomb after his retirement, in the possession of his grand-daughter, Mrs Teona Champ­ kins. 8. C. I. Savage, History of the Second World War: Inland Transport, HMSO (London, 1956) p. 121. 9. (Sir) John Charles Walsham Reith, first Baron Reith of Stonehaven (created 1940). (1889-1971), PC, GCVO, GBE, CB, TD. War service 1914--18, General Manager, William Beardmore & Co Ltd, 1920. General Manager, British Broadcasting Company 1922; Managing Director, 1923. Director-General, British Broadcasting Corporation, 1927-38. Chair­ man, Imperial Airways 1938-39, British Overseas Airways Corporation, 1939--40. Minister of Information, 1940; Minister of Transport, 1940. Minister of Works and Planning, 1940--42. Four honorary doctorates. 10. (Sir) Alfred T. V. Robinson (1879-1945), KBE, CB, CBE. Entered civil service and became Treasury Officer of Accounts, 1913; Controller of Cost Accounts, War Office, 1921; Deputy Secretary, Ministry of Trans­ port, 1939-40. Knighted, 1940. Regional Transport Commissioner, Bris­ tol, 1941--45. 11. (Sir) William Henry Coates (1882-1963). Entered Civil Service in 1900 in War Office; 1904, entered Inland Revenue, becoming Director of Statistics and Intelligence in that Department in 1914. In 1925, left the Civil Service to become Secretary of Nobel Industries Ltd, one of the constituents of Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd, of which he became Deputy Chairman in 1945. He was temporarily released in 1941 to be Financial Adviser to the British High Commissioner in Canada. He was knighted in 1947. 'It was perhaps in the organisational and financial set-up of ICI that Billie Coates made his greatest contribution' (obituary in /C/ Magazine, April/ May 1963). 12. PRO LP (45) 233. 13. Hurcomb, 'Autobiographical Notes'. 14. (Sir) Bernard Gilbert (1891-1957) GCB, KBE, joined the Treasury, 1914. After war service, he rose to be Joint Second Secretary, Treasury, 1944-- 56. 15. John Jewkes, Ordeal by Planning (London, 1948) p. 141. 170 Notes and References to pp. 8-25

16. Savage, History of the Second World War: Inland Transport, p. 639. 17. PRO CAB 124(606. 18. J. E. Meade, unpublished diaries, in the British Library of Political and Economic Science. 19. PRO MT 33/498. 20. Ibid. 21. PRO MT 47/202. 22. PRO MT 74/130. 23. PRO MT 74/141. 24. PRO CAB 134/687. 25. PRO MT 74/141. 26. S. S. Wilson, 'Personal Notes'. 27. Ibid. 28. Sir Harold Simcox Kent, In on the Act (London, 1979) p. 176. 29. Ibid. 30. PRO CAB 134/687. 31. Wilson, 'Personal Notes'. 32. Ibid. 33. PRO MT 74(76. 34. PRO MT 74/22. 35. PRO CAB 134/687. 36. P. J. R. Tapp was a professional haulier, attached to the Ministry through his Chairmanship of the wartime Meat Transport Pool, which had formed a prototype for the MWT Road Haulage Organisation. (Sir) Cyril Augustine Birtchnell (1887-1967) joined H.M. Customs in 1906 and transferred to the Estate Duty Office. He was called to the Bar in 1919 and joined the Ministry of Transport in 1920. He was Principal Assistant Secretary (Road Transport) in 1940; became an Under-Secretary in 1947 and Deputy Secretary in the same year, following Sir R. H. Hill's retirement. He was a Member of the League of Nations Permanent Commission on Road Traffic in 1927, and British member of the Executive Board of European Inland Transport Organisations, 1945-46. 37. Wilson 'Personal Notes'. 38. PRO CAB 134/687. 39. PRO MT 47/203. 40. PRO CAB 134/687.

3 Consultation and Opposition

l. R. Bell, History of the British Railways during the War, /939-45 (London, 1945). p. 239. 2. PRO MT 62/127. 3. Letter dated 24 December 1980 from G. W. Quick Smith to M. R. Bonavia. (In 1945, Quick Smith was Secretary and also the legal adviser of the RHA.) 4. PRO MT 74/86. 5. PRO MT 74/181. Biography of Ashfield, p. 173. Notes and References to pp. 25-8 171

6. John Cliff had not yet been appointed Deputy Chariman of London Transport, which took place in 1948; but on staff and organisation matters he could be regarded as the spokesman in Ashfield's absence. Biography on p. 176. 7. LPTB Minutes, 1946. 8. Ibid. 9. Letter dated 17 May 1981 from Michael Robbins (former LTE Board Member) to M. R. Bonavia. 10. T. C. Barker and R. M. Robbins, History of London Transport, vol. 2 (London, 1974) pp. 308-9. 11. P. S. Bagwell, The Railwaymen, vol. 2 (London, 1974) p. 60. 12. PRO MT 74/79. 13. Harley Drayton, as he was always known (though christened Harold Charles) (1901-1966) left school at 15 and joined a finance company which acquired the British Electric Traction Company in 1920. He played a major part in BET's disposal of its tramway undertakings and develop­ ment of bus companies, becoming in 1945 Chairman both of BET and of the investment trust company. He became also chairman of Provincial Newspapers Ltd, the Michael Cotts Group Ltd, and of a South American railway; he was active in the disposal of British interests in South American railways. He was also a director of the Midland Bank and the Standard Bank, and a Member of Council of the Institute of Directors. His Times obituary described him as 'a commanding figure in the City ... for a great many years he remained an enigma, even to many of his close friends. He talked little about his background and his early years ... it was merely by chance ... that ... he was revealed as a great collector and bibliophile as well as a connoisseur of pictures.' 14. In September 1948, after the Tilling bus interests had been sold to the BTC. 15. Roger Fulford, The Sixth Decade (History of the BET group) Privately printed (1956) p. 5. 16. Sir Robert Letch (knighted 1945) (1899-1962) joined the Port of London Authority in 1915 and had become Assistant General Manager by 1940. Until 1941 he dealt with the Port's problems during the intensive bombing, being also Port Food Movement Officer. He became Regional Ports Director for Scotland in 1941 and his organisation for the Clyde ports was regarded as a model for the other Regional Port Directors. He moved to a similar post for the North Western Area in 1942, having lost his sight in an accident on the Clyde when he was hit on the head by a cargo block whilst on shipboard. He showed a complete determination to surmount this catastrophe and 'within a short time became Chairman of the National Association of Port Employers ... where ... he controlled a meeting, recognising the voice of every speaker and immediately replying to them by name' (Times obituary). 17. He later became, successively, Deputy Chairman of the Docks and Inland Waterways Executive, General Manager of the British Transport Docks Division and Chairman of the BTC Docks Management Board. 18. PRO MT 74/62. 172 Notes and References to pp. 29-34

19. PRO MT 47/203. 20. Wilson, 'Personal Notes'. 21. Ibid.

4 The Bill in Parliament

1. Chester, The Nationalisation of British Industry, pp. 5fr-57. 2. Wilson, Personal Notes. 3. Ibid. 4. Sir David Maxwell Fyfe (later Viscount Kilmuir (1900--1967), PC, KC, had been Solicitor-General, 1942-45, and Attorney-General in 1945, until the general election. He had been Deputy Chief Prosecutor in the trials of Nazi was criminals in 1945-46. 5. Clement Davis, PC, (1884--1962) had practised as a barrister, becoming MP for Montgomeryshire in 1929. In 1945 he had succeeded Sir Archi­ bald Sinclair as leader of the Liberal Party. 6. Hansard, H/C 16 December 1946, Col. 1663. 7. Captain Peter Thorneycroft (born 1909) (later Lord Thorneycroft) had been educated at Eton and Sandhurst, and qualified as a barrister. In 1945 he had become Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of War Trans­ port, and later the Opposition spokesman on transport and 'shadow' Minister of Transport. 8. Hansard, H/C 17 December 1946, Col. 1809. 9. George Russell Strauss (later Lord Strauss of Vauxhall) (1901-1982) had been a Member of the LCC from 1925, and Labour MP for Lambeth North in 1929-31 and was re-elected in 1934. He had been Parliamentary Private Secretary for the Minister of Transport, 1929-31, later holding the same post for, in succession, the Lord Privy Seal and the Minister of Aircraft Production during the War. In 1945 he became Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Transport. 10. Wilson, 'Personal Notes'. 11. Douglas Jay, born 1907, after education at Winchester and New College, Oxford, worked for The Times (1929-33) and The Economist (1933-37) and was City Editor of the Daily Herald between 1939 and 1941. In 1941 he became an Assistant Secretary in the Ministry of Supply; in 1943 a Principal Assistant Secretary in the Board of Trade and in 1945 Personal Assistant to the Prime Minister. In July 1946 he had become MP (Labour) for Battersea North. 12. PRO MT 74/16. 13. PRO CAB 128/9 (28(47)3). 14. Ernest Davies, born 1902, was the son of Alderman Emil Davies, who had long advocated railway nationalisation. He was editor of the Clarion, 1929-32 and Associate Editor of the New Clarion, 1932. He became MP (Labour) for the Enfield division of Middlesex, 1945. He was Parliamen­ tary Private Secretary to the Minister of State, 1946 and Chairman of the Transport Group of the Parliamentary Labour Party from 1945. He wrote numerous books and pamphlets, including How Much Compensa- Notes and References to pp. 34--43 173

tion? (1935, National Capitalism (1939), The State and the Railways (1940), National Enterprise (1946), and British Transport (1945). 15. Hansard, H/C 20.3.47, Col. 1018. 16. D. Jay, Socialism in the New Society (London, 1962) p. 298. 17. H. Morrison, Autobiography (London, 1960) p. 259. 18. Wilson, Personal Notes.

5 Creating the Organisation

I. Emanuel Shinwell, CH, PC (future Lord Shinwell) (1884-1986) was MP (Labour) for Linlithgow, 1922-24, and again in 1928-31; for the Seaham division of Durham, 1935-50. In 1947 he was Minister of Fuel and Power. 2. Hurcomb, 'Autobiographical Notes'. 3. PRO MT 45/500. 4. PRO MT 74/141. 5. Sir William Valentine Wood (kt. 1937) (1883-1959), joined the Midland Railway (Northern Counties Committee) in 1898; joined the Ministry of Transport in 1919. He returned to the LMS railway in 1924, became Vice­ President (Finance and Services) 1930, and President in 1941, on the death of Lord Stamp. 6. Robert Alexander Palmer, Baron Rusholme (created 1945) (1890-1977) educated at StMary's School, Ashton-on-Mersey, served in the Manches­ ter Regiment, 1914-18. He had risen to be General Secretary of the Co­ operative Union and had served on numerous committees. In 1945 he was President of the Co-operative Congress. 7. John Benstead, CBE (later Sir John) (1897-1979) had been educated at King's School, Peterborough. He served in the Royal Navy, 1915-19 and joined the railway service in Peterborough. His union activities brought him the General Secretaryship of the NUR in 1943. He served on several government committees and he was a member of the Royal Commission on the Press in 1946. In the same year he had been President of the International Workers Federation. 8. Albert Henry Stanley (1st Baron Ashfield of Southwell) (1874-1948) was born in Derbyshire but brought up mainly in USA. He became general superintendent of the Detroit Street Railway at age 28, general manager of the Public Service Corporation of New Jersey at age 33. He became general manager of the Underground Electric Railways of London in 1907, managing director in 1910 and was knighted in 1914. In 1916 he was President of the Board of Trade, became Baron Ashfield in 1920, and in 1933 Chairman of the LPTB. 9. Captain Sir Ian Bolton, Bart (1889-1982) was a chartered accountant and partner in a leading firm with offices in Glasgow. He was a Past President of the Institute of Accountants and Actuaries in Glasgow and also of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of Scotland. 10. Financial Times, 9 August 1947 (leader page). II. R. Kelf-Cohen, Twenty Years of Nationalisation (London, 1969) p. 67. 12. Lord Latham (created 1942) (1882-1970), Charles Latham, JP, FACCA, 174 Notes and References to pp. 43-5

FCIS, was educated at an elementary school. He was founder and senior partner in Latham & Co., Certified Accountants. He had been an LCC Alderman, 1928, Chairman of Finance Committee ofLCC, 1934, Leader of the Council, 194~7. He had been a member of the LPTB since 1935. He served on various government bodies, and had been a Member of the London and Home Counties Joint Electricity Authority, 1928-31, and Lord Lieutenant of Middlesex, 1945. 13. Miles Beevor was born in 1900 and was educated at Winchester and New College, Oxford. He served in the 1914-18 War and (1941--43) in the RAFVR Administrative and Special Duties Branch. He qualified as a solicitor but left private practice to become Chief Legal Adviser of the LNER in 1943, becoming acting Chief General Manager in June 1947. 14. These are personal recollections of the period by the author. 15. Reginald H. Wilson (knighted 1951), was born 1905 and became a Scottish Chartered Accountant, with experience of working in Sweden. He was a partner in Whinney Murray & Co, from 1937 onwards; he worked in the Treasury, 194~1; was a Principal Assistant Secretary, Ministry of Shipping, 1941; Under-Secretary, Ministry of Transport, 1945. Returning to the City in 1946, he remained Financial Adviser (unpaid) to the Ministry of Transport. He was a member of the Royal Commission on the Press, 1946, and Vice-Chairman of the Hemet Hempstead Development Corporation, 1946-56. He was also a partner in Brown, Fleming & Murray, Chartered Accountants, until taking up his BTC appointment. 16. S. B. Taylor (BComm, FCIS) (1900--1960) had entered the GWR in 1915 in the registration office at Paddington. In 1921 he joined the Secretary's personal staff, becoming Chief Clerk in 1934, and Assistant to Secretary, 1939. In 1945 he was appointed Joint Assistant Secretary and, later in 1947, Acting Secretary. 17. Sir Eustace H. Missenden (kt. 1944) (1886-1973) entered the SECR as a booking clerk in 1899 and rose to be a District Traffic Superintendent by 1920, a Divisional Operating Superintendent, 1923; Assistant Superin­ tendent of Operations, Southern Railway, 1930; Docks and Marine Manager, Southampton 1933; Traffic Manager, 1936; and General Manager, 1939. He had been intimately connected with the railway arrangements for the despatch of the BEF in 1939, and with the Dunkirk evacuations as well as the preparations forD-day. 18. Sir James Milne (kt. 1932) (1883-1958) KCVO, CSI, was educated in Belfast and at Manchester University. He joined the Great Western Railway but was seconded to the Ministry of Transport as Director of Statistics, 1919-21. He was attached to the Geddes Committee on National Expenditure, 1922-23 and served on the India Retrenchment (Inchcape) Committee 1922-23. He returned to the Great Western Railway, rising to become General Manager in 1929. He was Deputy Chairman of the Railway Executive Committee, 1939--45. He held a number of directorships, including Thomas Cook & Son. 19. See Sir John Elliot, On and Off the Rails (London, 1982) p. 68; also M. R. Bonavia, Railway Policy Between the Wars (Manchester, 1981) p. 30. Notes and References to pp. 45-8 175

20. 'Missenden told me privately that he disliked the whole thing.' Elliot, On and Off the Rails, p. 68. 21. For a full account of this episode, see Elliot, On and Off the Rails, pp. 49-- 52. 22. Victor Michael Barrington-Ward (later knighted, 1952) (1887-1972) was educated Westminster School and Edinburgh University (engineering degree). He joined the Midland Railway but entered the Army 1914 (DSO, mentioned in despatches four times, Croix de Guerre and US Medal of Freedom). He returned to the Midland Railway on the staff of Cecil Paget, with whom he had served in France, but after a short service in the Ministry of Transport joined the North Eastern Railway and become District Superintendent, Middlesbrough, 1923; in 1927 Superin­ tendent, Western Section, Southern Area, LNER; Superintendent, South­ ern Area; Temporary Assistant General Manager, Operating, LNER; and Divisional General Manager, Southern Area. 'Many of his junior officers remember, when they attempted the slightest compromise of their stan­ dards, the spare high-coloured figure levelly and bleakly handing down instant decisions to their shame' (Times obituary, 31 July 1972). 23. David Blee, (1899-1979)joined the GWR in 1916, served in the 1914--18 war and returned to the railway in the Goods Department, becoming Principal Assistant to the Chief Goods Manager; and Chief Goods Manager in 1946. 24. R. A. Riddles (1893-1983),joined the LNWR as a premium apprentice in Crewe Works in 1909. He become in turn Principal Assistant to the Chief Mechanical Engineer, LMSR Mechanical and Electrical Engineer, Scot­ land, Deputy Chief Mechanical Engineer; Chief Stores Superintendent; and a Vice-President. In the 1939-45 war he was Director of Transpor­ tation Equipment, Ministry of Supply, and Deputy Director General, Royal Engineers Equipment. 25. J. C. L. Train, CBE, MC (1889--1969), was a 'son of the manse', educated at Dulwich College and Hull and Glasgow Technical Colleges. He joined the North British Railway as an Apprentice in 1980. After war service (RE, Major, 1914--19) he returned to the GNR becoming, after grouping, Assistant to Sir Ralph Wedgwood on the LNER, 1926; District Engineer, Glasgow, 1929; Assistant Engineer (Maintenance) Southern Area, 1934; Engineer (Scotland) 1938; and Chief Engineer, 1942. (Knighted 1957). 26. W. P. Allen CBE (1946) (1888-1958) was a serving railwayman (engine cleaner, GNR, 1907; fireman 1913; driver 1924) who had been a full-time trade union organiser from 1933 and became General Secretary of the Associated Society of Locomotive Engineers and Firemen in 1940. He had been a Member of the General Council of the TUC, and of the War Transport Council. 27. General Sir William Slim (1891-1970) KCB, CB, GBE, CBE, DSO, MC, the future Field-Marshal Lord Slim, was educated at King's School, Birmingham. He had had a long and extremely distinguished career in two world wars and in 1947 was Commandant of the Imperial Defence College. 28. Christopher Nevile (1891-1962), was a Lincolnshire landowner and 176 Notes and References to pp. 48-51

farmer. Educated at Winchester, he had become a President of the National Farmers Union. 29. Sir Wilfred Ayre (1890--1971) was a Scottish shipbuilder, founder and Chairman ofBurntisland Shipbuilding Co, also Chairman of the National Bank of Scotland and a Lloyds underwriter. He was a member of the Iron and Steel Board, 1946-48. 30. PRO MT 96/41. 31. Minutes of meetings, BTC/RE (BTC archives). 32. Ibid. 33. Arthur J. Pearson joined Cheshire Lines Committee as a clerk, 1918. He resigned from the railway to become Assistant Editor, Modern Transport, in 1931, but returned to railway service as Personal Assistant to the Vice­ President (Finance and Services), LMS; Assistant to Vice-President, 1939; Assistant to President, 1941. 34. C. P. Hopkins, on appointment as CRO, North Eastern Region. 35. John Cliff was a remarkable character. He started as a transport worker, reputedly a tram driver, who rose to be Assistant General Secretary of the largest trade union. He was appointed a part-time member of the London Passenger Transport Board on its formation in 1933 and in 1935 was made a full-time member given special responsibility for staff matters. 36. Arthur H. Grainger, born 1897, was educated at the Regent Street Polytechnic. He joined the Metropolitan Railway in 1913 and transferred to the Solicitor's office in 1914. After war service, he became personal assistant to the Solicitor; in 1924 he was articled, becoming Assistant Solicitor of the Metropolitan Railway in 1930; Assistant Solicitor (General) of the LPTB in 1933; and Solicitor (General) in 1937. 37. Leonard C. Hawkins, CBE (1897-1974), after war service (1914-18) joined Deloitte Plender & Griffiths, qualifying as FSAA. In 1929 he joined the Underground Group and in 1933 became Assistant to the Comptrol­ ler and Accountant of the LPTB. In 1939 he became Accountant of the LPTB; and Comptroller in 1940. 38. (Sir) Alexander Balmain Bruce Valentine, (1899-1977) (knighted, 1964) was educated at Highgate School and Worcester College, Oxford. He was Deputy Editor, British Commercial Gas Association 1922-27 and entered the London Underground Group, 1928. He was for a time 'Fieldfare' of the Evening News, with a regular column describing country walks around London. From 1928 to 1936 he was Personal Assistant to Frank Pick, Managing Director of the Underground and from 1933 Vice-Chairman of the LPTB, becoming Chief Operating Manager (Railways), 1946-47. He was a member of the Railway (London Plan) Committee, 1946-48. 39. Sir Richard Burbidge (3rd baronet) (1897-1966) was educated at Rugby and then studied retailing in the USA before entering Harrods, of which he became General Manager in 1927. (He served in the First World War in the RASC, and later became civilian member of the NAAFI Board of Management.) In 1939 he became Harrods' Managing Director. 40. Sir Edward Hardy, (1887-1975) was a prominent figure in the public life of Kent, being an Alderman of Kent County Council, 1935-55 and Chairman of the Council, 1936-49. He farmed 1497 acres and was a Notes and References to pp. 51-3 177

Governor of Wye College. He had been a Member of the LPTB since 1946. 41. Thomas Edward Williams (1892-1966) created Lord Williams in 1948, was educated at Ruskin College, Oxford, and was a Member of Woolwich Borough Council, 1919-22, of the LCC 1922-35 (Chairman of Parliamen­ tary Committee) and Member of the National Executive of the Labour Party, 1931-35. He was Chairman of the English and Scottish Joint Co­ operative Society and a Member of the Central Executive of the Co­ operative Union. 42. PRO MT 45/501. 43. PRO MT 45/500. 44. Robert Davidson (1888-1952) entered the service of the Leeds and Liverpool Canal in 1903 and rose to be General Manager and Engineer by 1925, also Manager of Canal Transport Ltd. He had been Chairman of the Canal Association and had served on various Committees of the Ministry of War Transport. 45. John Donovan, (1891-1971) worked in Swansea Docks from 1906. He was appointed an official in the TGWU in Cornwall in 1925. In 1932 he became Bristol Area Secretary, in 1940 National Docks Officer, and in 1941 National Secretary (Docks Group) of the TGWU. 46. George Cadbury, FSA. (1878-1954), was a prominent Quaker and member of the cocoa and chocolate manufacturing family, who took a deep interest in canals, having published in 1929, jointly with S. P. Dobbs, 'Canals and Inland Waterways', a standard work. Educated at University College, London, he entered the family business and also was active in Birmingham local government- Councillor from 1911, Alderman 1921- 27. He was also a noted philanthropist. In 1939--45 he was a member of the MWT Central Canal Committee and also a member of the Inland Transport War Council. 47. Sir Hector McNeill, (1892-1952) (knighted 1946), was prominent in the civic life of Glasgow (Lord Provost, 1945--49). He had been elected to the Corporation in 1924, when he was Chairman of the Glasgow Trades and Labour Council, and wa a member of the Clyde Navigation Trust and of the Scottish Tourist Board. 48. Sir Ernest Murrant, KCMG (1889-1974), had major shipping interests (Chairman of Furness Withy & Co and other companies). He had been Ministry of War Transport representative in the Middle East, 1941--46 and in 1947 was President of Council of the Chamber of Shipping. 49. PRO MT 45/502. 50. Hen try Dutfield, born 1885, joined the family cartage business at the age of 16 and became a partner, with his brother, in 1906 (aged 21). He dealt with the change from horses to motors just before the 1914 War and saw the business become a limited company in 1937. He became Chairman of both the National Road Transport Federation and the Road Haulage Association, as well as Chairman of the Joint Industrial Council for the road haulage industry. 51. Private information from G. W. Quick Smith. 52. Major-General G. N. Russell (1899-1971) was commissioned in the 178 Notes and References to pp. 53~

Royal Engineers in 1918 and served in India, Iraq and Canada. In World War 2 he was Director of Movements, Middle East, Deputy Quartermas­ ter General, Movement and Transportation, India, and Transportation Adviser to the Special Commissioner in S.E. Asia. 53. G. R. Hayes, 'Autobiographical Notes' (unpublished). 54. Commercial Motor, issue of 6 January 1948. 55. Claud Barrington, MI.Mech.E, MIAE, MIRTA (1893-1960), had been educated at Colston School, Bristol and served in the 1914-18 war. He started a road haulage business in Bristol after the war, and later extended operations to London and Birmingham. He was founder and Managing Director of Transport Services Ltd, from 1936 - the business being acquired by the BTC in 1948. He had served in the Ministry of War Transport as Chief Road Haulage Officer, and later as Director of Road Haulage, from 1941. He was also a Lloyd's underwriter. 56. Hayes, 'Autobiographical Notes'. 57. George Cardwell (1882-l962)joined the Brush Electrical Engineering Co as a premium pupil in 1904, becoming in 1907 General Manager of the Hartlepools Electric Tramways. He later held similar posts with the Devonport and District Tramways and with the Aldershot and District Traction Co. In 1917-19 he served with the Royal Engineers and after the war joined British Automobile Traction Co, leaving in 1930 to become an Executive of Thomas Tilling Ltd and Chairman of a number of bus companies in the Tilling Group. 58. Harold E. Clay had been Area Secretary (Yorkshire) of the TGWU and later the union's Assistant General Secretary. He was President of the Workers Educational Association for 15 years and Chairman of the London Labour Party. In World War 2, he had been a member of the Board which reorganised the fire services in Great Britain. He was regarded as the Labour Party's expert on road transport. 59. Archibald Henderson, (1886--1962) was educated in Edinburgh and at the City of London College. He was a clerk and tram conductor, 1901-13 and in 1915 became an official of the TGWU. In 1931 he was appointed Chairman of Traffic Commissioners for Scotland. 60. Hayes, 'Autobiographical Notes'. 61. Modern Transport, 7 February 1948. 62. Minutes of meetings, BTC and RTE February 1948. 63. Lord Inman (created 1946), Philip A. Inman, PC, JP, (1892-1979) was educated at Leeds University. He was a director of publishing, industrial and hotel companies and a Lloyd's underwriter. He was a former Chairman of the BBC and of the Central Board of Finance of the Church Assembly, and a Church Commissioner. In 1946 he was principal adviser to the Government on the setting up of the organisation for the tourist, catering and holiday services. He was a Chairman or director of several well-known provincial hotels and wrote several books including The Human Touch. For six months in 1947 he was Lord Privy Seal. 64. Frank Hole had trained as an accountant with Thompson McLintock & Co, qualified in 1929 and became Assistant to Arthur Towle, Controller of LMS Hotel Services. In 1945 he succeeded Towle as Controller. He died in 1973. Notes and References to pp. 56--65 179

65. Mrs E. H. Gasking, MBE (1891-1966) (maiden name Batchelor) trained as a teacher but at the age of 18 entered her father's dried pea business and on his death four years later was left in control. She developed Batchelor's Peas into the largest canning factory in the UK and continued as chairman after her marriage to Dr C. Gasking, also after the takeover by Lever Brothers in 1943 untill948, when she retired. She was a member of the Board of Trade Central Price Regulation Committee, 1944-48. 66. Sir Harry F. Methven, KBE (1886-1968), was Chairman of Fullers Ltd and a director of Dorchester Hotels Ltd. 67. E. W. Wimble, CBE (1897-1979), was educated at King's College, London. He was in the civil service, 1903-16, and thereafter had commer­ cial experience before war service, 1914--19. He was Secretary and General Manager of the Workers Educational Association from 1923 and a major figure in the travel industry. 68. PRO MT 74/141. 69. PRO MT 74/99. 70. P. S. Bagwell, The Railwaymen, vol. I (London, 1963) p. 264. 71. Sir Philip Allan Warter (knighted in 1944) (1903-1971) had entered the family wharfinger business but became a son-in-law of John Maxwell, founder of the Associated British Picture Corporation, of which Warter eventually became Chairman. 72. PRO MT 74/141.

6 The Commission at Work

l. R. Kelf-Cohen, Twenty Years of Nationalisation, p. 67. 2. BTC AR 1948, p. 25. 3. PRO MT 74/194. 4. Ibid. 5. H. Morrison, Socialisation and Transport, p. 171. 6. PRO MT 74/194. 7. Conversations with the author. 8. PRO MT 74/198. 9. Frank Aubrey Pope, CIE (1945) was born in 1893, educated at The Leys School and joined the London and North Western Railway. He served in the European War (Major) 1914--18 returning to the railway after the War but then spending five years on the Nigerian Railways. He returned to the LMS in 1930; became Superintendent of Operations in 1937; Manager, Northern Ireland, 1941-43; Chief Commercial Manager 1943-46; a Vice­ President, 1946-47. He had served in the Second World War (BEF, France, 1940) and twice visited India for the Indian Government's study of state railways. In 1947 he became Chairman of the Ulster Transport Authority. 10. Lt-Col Steven James Lindsay Hardie, DSO was also Hon LL.D (Edin­ burgh), 1944, was born in 1885. He was educated at Paisley Grammar School and Glasgow University. After service in the European War he started as a scrap dealer, eventually becoming Chairman of the British Oxygen Co. He was prominent in public affairs in Scotland and joined the 180 Notes and References to pp. 65-74

Labour Party in 1945. His hobby was breeding pedigree cattle. 'A massive, slow-moving man, known as a just but severe employer', according to his Times obituary. He died in 1962. II. John Ryan CBE (1949) MC (1916), MA (Cantab) and B.Sc (London) was born in 1894 and educated at Wolverhampton Grammar School and Cambridge. He served in the European War, 1914-18 (Major) and entered industry, rising to be Vice-Chairman of the Metal Box Co. He was Chairman of the British Closure Manufacturers Association for many years and prominent in the British Institute of Management. He died in 1975. 12. Hugh Pursloe Barker, C.Eng, FlEE, FI.Mech.E, F.lnst.Gas E, FIHVE, was born in 1909 and served an engineering apprenticeship, studying simultaneously Accountancy and Law. He entered industry and became Managing Director of the Parkinson Cowan Group, 1945-71 (later Chairman in addition). He was also Chairman of Boosey & Hawkes Ltd and active in the British Institute of Management. 13. In conversation with the author. 14. Elliot On and Off the Rails, pp. 80-88. 15. Ibid., p. 82. 16. John H. Brebner, OBE entered the Post Office as a clerk and was associated with Sir Kingsley Wood when PMG in the introduction of the greetings telegram and the speaking clock, in the early 1930s. In 1937 he was appointed a member of the official committee for the creation of the Ministry of Information in wartime and on the formation of the Ministry became Director of the News Division. In 1943-45 he served on several missions overseas and was for a time public relations adviser to the Minister of State, Middle East. He arranged the Press Conference in Cairo for Winston Churchill and was in charge of Press relations for King George VI's visit to the troops in Italy. After the war he was appointed Chief Public Relations and Publicity Officer, LPTB. He died in 1974. 17. J. Johnson and R. A. Long, British Railways Engineering, 1948-80 (London, 1981) p. 27. 18. M. R. Bonavia, The Organisation of British Railways (London, 1971) p. 51. 19. Ibid., p. 52. 20. Ibid., p. 54. 21. Conversations with the author. 22. Bonavia, The Organisation of British Railways, p. 55. 23. BTC S26-4-20. 24. BTC S4-6-2. 25. Elliot, On and Off the Rails, p. 68.

7 The Creation of British Road Services

I. See, for instance, Gilbert Walker, Road and Rail (London, 1942) p. 172; A. M. Milne, The Economics of Inland Transport (London, 1955) p. 214; H. J. Dyos and D. H. Aldcroft (eds) British Transport (London, 1974) Notes and References to pp. 75--84 181

p. 366; T. C. Barker and C. I. Savage, An Economic History of Transport in Britain (London, 1974) p. 175. 2. G. W. Quick Smith, LL.B, FCIS, or 'Q-S', as he was universally known throughout the industry, was a barrister who had been Secretary and Legal Adviser to the National Road Transport Federation and the Road Haulage Association before nationalisation. 3. Quick Smith, Road Haulage Saga (unpublished) Chapter 6, p. 8. 4. Black was a Glasgow accountant, previously known to Wilson, quiet, dry and extremely capable. Ironically, soon after he had completed the task of acquisitions, the Conservative government's decision to de-nationalise road haulage was also given to Black to implement, he being then entitled Director of Disposals! 5. G. R. Hayes (Secretary of the Acquisitions Co-ordinating Committee for most of its life) in a letter to M. R. Bonavia. 6. Quick Smith, Road Haulage Saga, Ch. 6, p. 15. 7. Ibid, Ch. 6, p. 19. 8. The vehicle formula was 'the current replacement value less one-fifth for each year of its age (one-seventh for trailers), plus or minus an element for 'betterment or worsenment' in respect of its actual physical condition. It was of course this variation that caused all the trouble, particularly as it had to be agreed some time after the vehicle had been transferred.' (Quick Smith, Road Haulage Saga, Ch. 6, p. 21.) 9. Quick Smith, Road Haulage Saga, Ch. 6, p. 17. 10. BTC AR 1951, p. 6. 11. See, on this point, T. C. Barker The Transport Contractors of Rye (London, 1982) pp. 43-46. J. Jempson, a haulier whose business was thus acquired, and who became an employee of DRS, supported Conservative Party funds in view of that party's declared intention of denationalising road haulage. (See Chapter 17 for how well Jempson fared when denationalisation came about.) 12. Quick Smith, Road Haulage Saga, Ch. 6, p. 18. 13. Ibid. Ch. 6, p. 23. 14. BTC AR 1949, p. 105. 15. BTC AR 1949, p. 108. 16. BTC AR 1950, p. 139. 17. BTC AR 1951, p. 126. 18. J. J. Hillman, The Parliamentary Structuring of British Road-Rail Freight Co-ordination (Evanston, Illinois, 1973).

8 The Problems of the Railways

1. BTC S43-7-l. 2. Keith W. C. Grand was educated at Rugby and joined the GWR in 1919 at Park Royal goods station. In 1922 he was transferred to the General Manager's office and in 1926 went to New York as General Agent for the GWR in the USA and Canada. In 1929 he returned to become Assistant Publicity Agent; in 1932 he was Commercial Advertising and Publicity 182 Notes and References to pp. 84-92

Agent, and in 1932 General Assistant to the Superintendent of the Line. After a brief spell as Divisional Superintendent, Swansea, he returned to Paddington as Assistant to the General Manager in 1937, becoming Principal Assistant in 1939 and Assistant General Manager in 1941. He died in 1983. 3. John Blumenfeld Elliot was the son of R. D. Blumenfeld, Editor of the 'Daily Express'. He was educated at Marlborough and Sandhurst, joining the Hussars with which he saw service in the 1914-18 war. He became Assistant Editor of the 'Evening Standard' but joined the Southern Railway in 1925 as Public Relations Assistant to the General Manager. In 1930 he became Development Assistant in the Traffic Department, in 1933 Assistant Traffic Manager, in 1937 Assistant General Manager, in 1939 Deputy General Manager and in 1947 Acting General Manager. He was knighted in 1953. 4. Elliot, On and Off the Rails, p. 68. 5. Thomas F. Cameron, born 1890, was educated at George Watson's College and Edinburgh University. He joined the North Eastern Railway as a Traffic Apprentice in 1912. In 1926 he was Mineral Traffic Controller, Hull, LNER; in 1929 Docks Superintendent, Tyne Dock; in 1931 Assis­ tant District Goods Manager, Newcastle-on-Tyne; in 1933 Assistant District Superintendent; in 1936 Assistant Divisional General Manager, York; in 1943 Assistant Chief General Manager, York; in 1943 Assistant Chief General Manager (Works and General). In 1943 he was made acting Divisional General Manager (Scottish Area) and confirmed in that post in 1946. 6. BTC S26-2-2c. 7. The most objective analysis is probably contained in J. Johnson and R. A. Long, British Railways Engineering, 1948-1980 (London, 1981) pp. 34-43.

9 The Bus Groups

1. Stanley Kennedy was a bus manager with long service within the Tilling Group in which he was to succeed Sir Frederick Heaton on the latter's death, not long after the sale to the BTC of the Group's bus companies had been negotiated. 2. James Amos, OBE, (1945) (later CBE) was born in 1896. 'The son of a Scottish shepherd, he set up a local bus service after the end of the First World War using a converted truck.' (Times obituary) He rose through expansion and amalgamation to become Chairman of Scottish Omni­ buses Ltd with over 4500 vehicles. At the outbreak of World War 2 he organised the evacuation of civilians by bus and arranged emergency transport for the Services and civil defence. 3. John Hibbs, The History of British Bus Services (1968) p. 211. 4. Letter from A. F. R. Carling, former Executive Director in the BET Group, to the author. 5. Ibid. 6. BTC AR 1949, p. 144. 7. Hansard, H/C, 13 February 1947, Col. 230. Notes and References to pp. 93-114 183

8. W. Vane Morland, MI.Mech.E, FRSA, was born in 1884. He saw war service, 1914--19 with the Railway Operating Division, RE, and subse­ quently served for a short time on the War Office staff. In 1919 he became General Manager of the Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire Tramway Co, and then joined the Midland General Omnibus Co. He started a career in municipal transport with St Helens Corporation Transport (1926-32) and moved to Leeds City Transport (1932---49). He published numerous technical papers on urban transport, and in 1949 was Vice-President of the International Union of Public Transport and President of the Munici­ pal Passenger Transport Association. He had been much involved in replacement of trams by buses and was an early advocate of the use of diesel instead of petrol engines for buses. 9. BTC Sl7-9-24 A/B.

10 Towards Integration

I. J. R. Sargent: British Transport Policy (Oxford, 1958) p. 156. 2. M. R. Bonavia: 'Integrated Transport', paper (unpublished) for Trans- port Salaried Staffs Association Annual Conference, Folkestone, 1969. 3. E.g. by the GWR on the London-Cheltenham route. 4. BTC AR 1950, p. 21. 5. BTC AR 1949, p. 21. 6. Ibid. 7. BIC AR 1950, p. 22 8. BTC 850-6-24 and S26-8-2. 9. BTC AR 1951, p. 5. 10. BTC AR 1948, p. 26. 11. BTC AR 1949, p. 23. 12. D. L. Munby: Inland Transport Statistics, Great Britain, 1900-1970, p. 350. 13. Mr Maclay resigned soon afterwards, officially on grounds of ill-health, but he was soon able to resume a distinguished career in public affairs. 14. BTC AR 1952, p. 55.

11 The Ports and the Canals

I. BTC 85I-5-26. 2. BTC AR I950, p.I74. 3. BTC 826-4-20. 4. BTC AR I952, p. II. 5. BTC 826-4-2a. 6. Ibid. 7. Ibid. 8. Hansard, H/C, I6 December I946, Col. 1628.

12 London Transport

I. Letter to the author from Michael Robbins. 184 Notes and References to pp. 116-31

2. BTC AR 1948, p. 138. 3. BTC S26-3-2a. 4. T. C. Barker and Michael Robbins, History of London Transport, vol. 2, p. 340. 5. Ibid., p. 415. 6. BTC AR 1950, p. 20. 7. BTC AR 1948, p. 30. 8. Barker & Robbins, History of London Transport, vol. 2, p. 337-8. 9. BTC Annual Accounts, 1948 to 1953 inclusive.

13 The Hotels and Rail Catering

1. Hansard, H/C, 16 December 1945, Col. 1637. 2. Sir Frederick Burrows (1887-1973), GCIE, GSSI, had started as a porter on the GWR and was active in trade union affairs. For many years he was a member of the Executive Committee of the NUR, becoming the union's President in 1943. Attlee appointed him Governor of Bengal in November 1945, where he was outstandingly successful. He returned at the end of British rule in India in 1947 and became Chairman of the Agricultural Land Commission. 3. Biography on p. 178. 4. PRO MT 96/39. 5. Ibid. 6. Biography on p. 178. 7. PRO MT 96/36. 8. Biography on p. 179. 9. Biographies on p. 179. 10. BTC S4-6-2. 11. Ibid. 12. Ibid. 13. BTC Annual Reports, 1948-53. 14. J. Johnson and R. A. Long, British Railways Engineering, 1948-80, London, 1981, p. 44. 15. Hurcomb told Missenden, at a meeting between the BTC and the RE on 16 June 1949, that 'enlightened public opinion would expect the Commis­ sion's undertakings to aim at high and correct standards of design, and to avoid the sham antique'. Missenden replied that the Executive 'did not wish to feel that they were not permitted to make any innovation in design.' 16. BTC Annual Reports, 1948-53.

14 Labour relations

I. Bagwell, The Railwaymen, vol. 1 (London, 1963) p. 604. 2. Section 5(9)(b). 3. Section 95. 4. Bagwell, The Railwaymen, vol. 1, p. 639. Notes and References to pp. 131-42 185

5. BTC AR 1948, p. 35. 6. For a detailed account of these negotiations, see Bagwell, The Railway- men, vol. 1, pp. 605---616. 7. Ibid., p. 623. 8. Ibid., p. 603. 9. Barker and Robbins, History of London Transport, vol. 2, p. 352. 10. H. A. Clegg, Labour Relations in London Transport, (Oxford, 1950) p. 136. 11. BTC AR 1948, p. 93. 12. GWR drivers had retired under company rules at 60; the Railway Executive raised the age to 65, to conform with the general practice - not improving the image of nationalisation! 13. Bagwell, The Rai/waymen, vol. 1, p. 660. 14. Ibid. 15. M. R. Bonavia, The Birth of British Rail, London, 1979, p. 87. 16. C. S. McLeod, All Change (London, 1970) p. 101. 17. Bagwell, The Railwaymen, vol. 1, p. 616. 18. Barker and Robbins, History of London Transport, vol. 2, p. 352.

15 User Protection: The Consultative Committees

I. Major (Sir) Egbert Cadbury (knighted 1957), DL, JP, DSC, DFC, MA, was born 1893 and educated at Trinity College, Cambridge. He had been Managing Director of Cadbury Brothers since 1943 and of J. S. Fry and Sons Ltd since 1920; also of the British Cocoa and Chocolate Co Ltd since 1921. He was a Director of Lloyds Bank and numerous other companies. From 1941 to 1951 he had been South Western Regional Controller of the Ministry of Fuel and Power. 2. Matthew Archibald Cameron, MA, was born in Lucknow, India, in 1904. He joined the LNER in 1926 as a graduate Traffic Apprentice. He was appointed in 1945 Assistant Passenger Manager (Southern Area). In 1948 he was appointed Assistant Secretary (Traffic), British Transport Com­ mission, a post later designated Principal Traffic Officer. 3. G. Cole Deacon was educated at Bedford School and qualified as a solicitor. In 1914 he became Assistant Solicitor of the Great Northern Railway and in 1919 joined the London and North Western Railway. In 1929 he became Secretary to the Special Committee of General Managers and Solicitors for Railway Rates Tribunal matters, later Secretary of the Railway Companies Association. In 1939 he was appointed Secretary of the Railway Executive Committee, a post he relinquished in 1945 to return to the Railway Companies Association. 4. BTC Sl11-1-9A. 5. The Economist, 14 October 1950, p. 598. 6. Ibid., 28 October 1950, p. 648. 7. BTC S111-1-9a. 8. BTC AR 1950, p. 9. 186 Notes and References to pp. 144-56

16 The Financial Results

I. Hansard, 17 December 1946, Col. 181(}-11. However, interest rates were rising during 1947 and by November of that year the gilt-edged rate was 3 per cent. 2. Harold Wilson, The Finance of Railway Nationalisation (unpublished) Railway Clerks Association (1945). 3. BTC AR 1948, p. 196. 4. Ibid., p. 193. 5. Ibid., p. 40. 6. In the submission of a freight charging scheme to the Transport Tribunal in 1956. 7. In an unpublished study by W. P. Parker, British Railways Financial Performance and Government Policy, 1948 to 1975 (City of London Polytechnic). 8. BTC AR 1951, pp. 5(}-52. 9. H. Wilson, The Financial Problem of British Transport (unpublished) (TSSA, NUR and ASLEF 1951) p. 22.

17 Reversing Direction: The 1953 Act

1. Elliot, On and Off the Rails, p. 85. 2. Ibid. p. 86. 3. Hansard, H/C 16 December 1946, Col. 1639. 4. The Hon J. S. Maclay, CH, CMG, PC was born in 1905. The son of Lord Maclay, he was later (1964) to be raised to the peerage as Viscount Muirshield. He was educated at Winchester and Trinity College, Cam­ bridge and was a prominent Scottish shipowner. He became National Liberal and Conservative MP for Montrose Burghs, 194(}-50 and for Renfrewshire West, 195(}-64. In 1945 he was for a time Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Transport. 5. BTC S201-4-2A. 6. BTC AR 1952, p.1. 7. Sir Harold Simcox Kent, In on the Act (London, 1979) p. 237. 8. PRO MT 62/144. 9. Ibid. 10. Ibid. 11. Alan Tindall Lennox-Boyd (later Viscount Boyd of Merton (created 1960) KG, CB, CMG, FRS) was born 1904 and educated at Sherborne and Christ Church, Oxford. He was MP for Mid-Beds, 1931-60 and Parliamentary Secretary, Ministry of Labour, 1938-39; of the Ministry of Food, 1939-40. Called to the Bar, 1941. He served with the RNVR, 194(}- 43. In 1943 he became Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Aircraft Production, until 1945. He was Minister of State for Colonial Affairs, 1951-52, Minister of Transport, 1952-53, Minister of Transport and Civil Aviation, 1953-54. 12. BTC S201-4-2A. 13. Hansard, H/C, 21 May 1952, Col. 531. Notes and References to pp. 157--66 187

14. BTC S.201-4-2A. 15. PRO MT 62/144. 16. PRO MT 97/81. 17. PRO MT 62/146. 18. Sir Malcolm Trustram Eve; Bt (1943), GBE (1950) MC, TD, QC (later Baron Silsoe) was born 1894 and educated at Winchester and Christ Church, Oxford. He was called to the Bar in 1919. He commanded the 6th battalion, Royal Welch Fusiliers (TA), 1927-31. He was promoted Brigadier in 1940 and commanded the Royal Welch Brigade, 1940--45. In 1941 he became Chairman of the War Damage Commission and in 1945 of the Local Boundary Commission. He held a large number of other public, educational and charitable offices. 19. Barker and Robbins, History of London Transport, vol. 2, p. 335. 20. (Sir) (Stanley) Paul Chambers, CIE 1941, CB 1944, BComm, MSc, was born in 1904 and educated at City of London College and the London School of Economics. He served in the Inland Revenue and became an Income Tax specialist. He was Income Tax Adviser to the Government of India, 1937-40, Secretary and a Commissioner of the Board of Inland Revenue, 1941-47, becoming a director of ICI Ltd in 1947 and Deputy Chairman in 1952. 21. Barker and Robbins, History of London Transport, vol. 2, p. 336. 22. Elliot, On and Off the Rails, p. 87. 23. PRO MT 96/36. 24. A personal note written by Train to Blee attempts to mollify the latter's evidently strong feeling on this point (Blee papers). 25. General Sir Brian Robertson, Bart (later Baron Robertson of Oakridge) was born 1896, son of Field-Marshal Sir William Robertson. He served in the First World War, 1914--19 (DSO and MC). He retired from the Army, becoming Managing Director, Dunlop South Africa Ltd, in 1935. He rejoined the Army in the Second World War and became Chief Adminis­ trative Officer to the Commander-in-Chief, Italy, 1944-45; Deputy Mili­ tary Governor, Control Commission for Germany, 1945-47; Com­ mander-in-Chief and Military Governor, Germany 1947-49; UK High Commissioner, Allied High Commission, Germany, 1949-50; Com­ mander-in-Chief, Middle East Forces, 195(}-53. He was promoted Lieu­ tenant-Generall946; Generall947; CB 1943; GBE, 1949; KCMG, 1947; KCVO, 1944.

18 The Lessons Learnt?

1. Mentioned by Hugh Dalton, High Tide and After, as occurring after the first vote in the new Parliament on 17 August 1945, when the govern­ ment's majority was 187; it was not reported in Hansard. 2. Douglas Jay, Socialism in the New Society (London, 1962) p. 299. 3. Hansard, HjC, 21 May 1952, Col. 515. 4. T. C. Barker, The Transport Contractors of Rye (London, 1982) p. 46. 5. Barker and Robbins, History of London Transport, vol. 2, pp. 337-8. 6. Quick Smith, Road Haulage Saga, Ch. 9, p. 5. Index

Page numbers in bold type indicate biographical information, contained in the reference pages.

Addison, Lord II Benstead, John (Sir) 40, 41, 44, 45, Aickman, Robert 110 49, 50, 65, 67, 131, 132, 136, Aire & Calder Navigation Ill, 112 140, 155, 161, 162, 173 Aldenham bus repair works 118 Bertram & Co. 128 Alexander, A. V. 125 Birtchnell, C. A. (Sir) 16, 24, 53, Allen, W. P. 47, 161, 175 61, 170 Amalgamated Society of Railway Black, Andrew 76, 181 Servants I Blee, David 46, 161, 175 Amos, James 71, 90, 142, 182 Bolton, Sir Ian 42, 142, 162, 173 Anderson, Sir Alan 5 Brabazon of Tara, Lord 159 (see Area schemes 92, 100--2, 106--9, also Moore-Brabazon) 151, 158 Brebner, J. H. 68, 69, 180 Ashfield, Lord 11, 25, 26, 38, 40, Bristol Tramways & Carriage 41, 42, 44, 49, 50, 65, 68, 70, 71, Co. 92 114, 161, 173 British Electric Traction Co. 26, Associated Society of Locomotive 27, 91, 100 Engineers and Firemen 47, British Overseas Airways 148 Corporation 5 Attlee, C. R. (Earl) 5, 6, 12, 29, 33, British Railways Board 166 38 British Transport Joint Consultative Ayre, Sir Wilfred 48, 176 Council 97, 134 British Transport Docks Balfour Beatty Group 89, 92 Board 166 Barker, H. P. 65, 162, 180 British Waterways Board 166 Barker, Professor T. C. 164 Bulleid, 0. V. S. 128 Barnes, Alfred 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 11, Burbridge, Sir Richard 51, 176 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 22, 23, 24, Burrows, Sir Frederick 124, 184 25, 26, 28, 29, 33, 35, 38, 39, 40, 42, 43, 45, 51, 53, 55, 58, 59, 60, 'C' licences 16, 33-4, 98, 156 62, 63, 64, 67, 69, 92, 97, 113, Cadbury, Major Egbert 139, 140, 114, 120, 124, 127, 131, 132, 185 138, 140, 151, 152, 168 Cadbury, George 51, 177 Barnsley Canal Ill Caledonian Canal Ill Barrington, Claud 54, 75, 178 Cameron, M. A. 139, 185 Barrington-Ward, V. M. (Sir) 46, Cameron, T. F. 84, 142, 182 120, 161, 175 Canal Joint Committee 28 Beaverbrook, Lord 6 Canal Transport Ltd 112 Becket, W. 55, 71 Canals policy 109-13, 163 Beeching, Dr R. (Lord) 143 Cardwell, George 54, 71, 75, 178 Beevor, Miles 43, 44, 66, 72, 73, Central Transport Consultative 107, 174 Committee 103, 138-43

188 Index 189

Chamber of Shipping 14, 107 Frederick Hotels 128 Chambers, S. P. (Sir) 160 Fyfe, Sir David Maxwell (Lord Charges Scheme 65, 80, 88, 99, Kilmuir) 31, 153, 172 104, 158 Chief Regional Officers 50 Gasking, Mrs Ella 56, 125, 179 Chorley, Lord 35 Geddes, Sir Eric I Churchill, Winston (Sir) 5, 6, 103, Gilbert, Sir Bernard 8, 169 154, 156, 160, 163 Glyn, Sir Ralph 156 Clay, Harold 54, 75, 160, 178 Gore-Browne (Sir) Eric 22, 23 Cliff, John 25,114,132,171,176 Grainger, A. H. 51, 114, 118, 176 Coates, Dr W. (Sir) 6, 9, 11, 169 Grand, K. W. C. 84, 181 Co-operative Movement 3, 8, 34, Grand Union Canal Ill 38, 40, 41, 58 Great Western Railway 24 County of London Plan, 1943 115 Gunn, A. 56 Cousins, Frank 97 Cripps, Sir Stafford 9, 125 Hardie, S. J. L. 65, 179 Crowther, Geoffrey (Lord) 57 Hardy, Sir Edward 51, 176 Hawkins, L. C. 51, 114, 176 Dalton, Dr H. (Lord) 3, 10, 18, 19, Heaton, Sir Frederick 26, 27, 54, 22, 32,40,48, 51,168 89, 90 Davidson, Robert 51, 109, 177 Henderson, Archibald 54, 75, 159, Davies, Clement 32, 172 178 Davies, Ernest 34, 172 Henderson, J. L. 69 Deacon, G. Cole 139, 142, 185 Hill, Sir R. H. 10, 13, 46, 51, 52, Dock & Harbour Authorities 62, 70, 72, 109, 110 Association 14, 27 Hole, F. G. 56, 125, 160, 178 Docks & Inland Waterways Honour, B. 13 Executive 17, 28, 48, 51, 52, Hopkins, C. P. 176 53, 72, 105-9, 133 Hotels Executive 17, 49, 53, 56, 73, Donovan, John 51, 177 124-9 Drayton, H. C. 27, 91, 171 Houldsworth & Hanson 76 Dudley Canal Ill Hurcomb, Sir Cyril (Lord) 4, 8, 10, Dutfield, H. T. 53, 55, 76, 160, 177 II, 12, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 38-40, 41, 43, 44, 49, 51, 52, 53, Eastern Coach Works 92 56, 57, 58, 60, 62, 63, 66, 67, 68, Economist, The 139 69, 72, 83, 91, 92, 97, 106, 108, Eden, (Sir) Anthony (Earl of 110, Ill, 117, 118, 122, 124, Avon) 32 125, 126, 127, 134, 136, 151, Elliot, J. B. (Sir John) 67, 84, 119, 152, 153, 155, 157, 161, 162, 168 151, 160, 161, 182 Eve, Sir Malcolm Tristram (Lord Inglis, Professor Sir James 115 Silsoe) 159, 187 Inland Waterways Association 110, Ill Fairclough (Haulage), 76 Inland Waterways Joint Farmer, F. H. 159 Committee 133 Federation of British Inman, Lord 35, 56, 70, 124, 125, Industries 140 126, 178 Fellows Morton & Clayton 112 Investment Programmes Figgins, J. 131 Committee 64 190 Index

Jay, Douglas 33, 34, 163, 172 Mersey Docks & Harbour Board 2 Jempson, John 164 Methven, Sir Harry 56, 125, 160, Jenkins, Sir Gilmour 63, 161 162, 179 Jewkes, Professor John 8 Metropolitan Water Board 2 Johnson, Alec 63 Middlesex County Council Ill Milne, Sir James 5, 45, 46, 152, Keith, W. P. 125 174 Kennedy, Stanley 71, 90, 182 Missenden, Sir Eustace 45, 46, 47, Kent & East Sussex Light 67, 69, 73, 83, 84, 106, 174 Railway 50 Monkland Canal 111 Knollys, Viscount 159 Moore-Brabazon, J. T. C. (Lord Brabazon of Tara) 6, 159 Latham, Lord 43, 51, 69, 114, 117, Morland, W. Vane 71, 93, 183 118, 160, 173 Morrison, Herbert (Lord Morrison Leathers, Lord 6, 153, 154, 155, of Lambeth) 2, 4, 6, 7, 10, II, 157 12, 13, 2~ 32, 34, 38, 39, 59, 61, Lee Navigation 111 65, 98, 156, 164 Lennox-Boyd, A. T. (Lord Murrant, Sir Ernest 51, 177 Boyd) 155, 156, 157, 158, 160, 161, 186 Nathan, Lord 35 Letch, Sir Robert 27, 28, 51, 52, National Bus Company 27 105, 107, 109, 171 National Union of Railwaymen 1, London, Midland & Scottish 28, 42, 58, 96, 106, 130, 131, Railway 24, 49, 55 132, 134, 148 London & North Eastern Nevile, C. 48, 175 Railway 48, 49, 50, 52, 126 Newton, Sir Charles 43 London Passenger Transport Act, Nottingham Canal 111 1933 101, 122 London Passenger Transport Orchin, F. J. 159 Board 2, 5, 10, ll, 14, 17, 18, Padmore, T. (Sir) 57 25, 26, 31, 71, 100, 101, 114, Pakenham, Lord 35 122, 147, 160 Pearson, A. J. 50, 176 London Transport Board 166 Pickfords 76 London Transport Executive 17, Pickstock, F. V. 58 50, 52, 70, 72, 93, 103, 114-23, Ponsonby, Gilbert 57 147, 160, 162, 165 Pope, Frank 46, 65, 66, 67, 161, Lunch, John 76 162, 179 Lyons, J. & Co. 125 Portal, Lord 22, 23 Portman-Dixon, E. K. 126, 128 Maclay, J. S. (Viscount Pullman Car Co. 128 Muirshield) 103, 153, 155, 186 Macmillan, Harold (Lord Quartermaine, A. S. (Sir) 46 Stockton) 152 Quick Smith, G. W. 77, 160, 181 McNeill, Sir Hector 51, 177 Mance, Sir Osborne 57 Railway Clearing House 23 Matthews, Sir Ronald 67 Railway Clerks Association 18, 24, Meade, Professor James 8, 9, 16, 58, 130, 144 17 Railway Companies Meat Transport Organisation 55 Association 23, 24, 27 Index 191

Railway Conciliation Scheme 131 Scottish Motor Traction Co. 26, Railway Control Agreement 22 89, 90 Railway Executive 17, 45, 48, 49, Scottish Omnibuses Group 90-3, 50, 52, 55, 56, 66, 73, 74, 83-8, 147 90, 97, 101, 103, 104, 106, 107, Select Committee on Nationalised llO, 129, 131, 135, 136, 140, Industries 166 145, 146, 147, 157, 162, 165 Severn Carrying Co. ll2 Railway Executive Committee 5 Sheffield & South Yorkshire Railway Research Service 49 Navigation 111 Railway (London Plan) Shinwell, Manny (Lord) 39, 173 Committee 115 Shropshire Union Canal 111 Railway Rates Tribunal 138, 143 Slim, General Sir William Railway Shopmen's National (Lord) 47, 161, 175 Council 130 Smith, Sir Ewart 51 Railways Act, 1921 131 Socialisation of Industries Red & White Bus Group 89 (Ministerial) Committee 7, 8, Regional Port Directors 5 9, II, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 32,34, Regional Transport 62 Commissioners 5, 15 Socialisation of Industries (Official) Regions, Railway 50, 63 Committee 7, 17 Reith, Sir John (Lord) 5, 169 Southampton docks 106-7 Riddles, R. A. 47, 51, 161, 175 Speyer, Sir Edgar 26 Road Haulage Association 23, 24, Stamp, Lord 40, 41 29, 155, 159 Stedeford, (Sir) Ivan 166 Road Haulage Disposals Strauss, G. R. (Lord) 32, 172 Board 158, 159, 164 Swinton, Lord 158 Road Haulage Executive 72, Szlumper, G. S. 46 74--82, 93, 95, 96, 97, 98, 102, 133, 145, 155, 156, 158 Tapp, P. J. R. 16, 55, 160, 170 Road Haulage Organisation Taylor, S. B. 45, 67, 174 (Ministry) 5, 23 Temple, Richmond 24 Road Haulage Wages Act 133 Thomas Tilling Ltd 26, 27, 89 Road Passenger Executive 71, 92, Thomson, Sir William 26, 27, 90 100-4, 108 Thorneycroft, Captain Peter Road and Rail Traffic Act, 1933 2 (Lord) 32, 172 Road Traffic Act, 1930 2, 5 Tilling Bus Group 89-93, 117, 147 Road Transport Executive 17, 49, Trades Union Congress 12, 18, 29, 53, 56, 72, 74, 89, 101 135 Robbins, Michael 171 Traffic Commissioners 15 Robertson, General Sir Brian Train, J. C. L. (Sir Landale) 47, (Lord) 162, 165, 187 161, 162, 175 Robinson, Sir Alfred 5, 6, 169 Transport Arbirtation Tribunal 19, Rowlatt, J. 18 77 Ruislip Lido Ill Transport & General Workers Rusholme, Lord 40, 41, 44, 58, 65, Union 28, 51, 54, 95, 96, 97, 139, 140, 159, 161, 162, 173 107, 133, 137 Russell, Maj-Gen. G. N. 53, 54, Transport Holding Company 166 70, 80, 96, 161, 177 Transport Salaried Staffs Ryan, John 65,162 Association 130, 148 192 Index

Transport Services Ltd 54 Ways and Communications Transport Tribunal 20, 80, 138 Ministry 1 Transport Users Consultative Weaver Navigation 111 Committee (1947) 29 Welfare (staff) 134-5 Transport Users Consultative Williams, T. E. (Lord) 51, 58, 177 Committee (statutory) 36, 93, Wills, J. S. (Sir) 26, 91 104, 138-43 Wilson, Harold (Lord) 18, 144 Trent River Navigation 111 Wilson, R. H. (Sir) 10, 44, 54, 66, 68, 76, 89, 161, 162, 174 Valentine, A. B. B. (Sir) 51, 114, Wilson, S. S. 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 119, 161, 176 15, 16, 27, 29, 30, 31, 33, 34, 38, Walkden, Lord 35 45, 57, 59, 61, 62, 63 Walker, Sir Herbert 160 Wimble, E. W. 56, 58, 125, 179 Warter, Sir Philip 59, 179 Wood, Sir William 38, 44, 64, 65, Watson, General Sir Daril 161 125, 161, 173