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Age Morphometry of Some Internal Organs in Common Pheasant (Phasianus Colchicus Colchicus)

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10 years - ANNIVERSARY EDITION TRAKIA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES Trakia Journal of Sciences, Vol. 10, No 3, pp 48-52, 2012 Copyright © 2012 Trakia University Available online at: http://www.uni-sz.bg ISSN 1313-7050 (print) ISSN 1313-3551 (online) Original Contribution AGE MORPHOMETRY OF SOME INTERNAL ORGANS IN COMMON PHEASANT (PHASIANUS COLCHICUS COLCHICUS) D. Yovchev1*, R. Dimitrov1, D. Kostov1, D. Vladova2 1Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria 2Department of Morphology, Physiology and Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria ABSTRACT AIM: To determine some morphometrical parameters of colchis pheasant internal organs. MATERIALS: We studied 30 colchis pheasants, divided in three groups (each group was consisted of 5 males and 5 females) at 15, 17 and 19 weeks of age. METHODS: Following euthanasia and evisceration, the digestive tract was separated in segments, corresponded to its different parts (esophagus, crop, proventriculus, gizzard, small intestine, caeca and rectum). The weight of digestive structures, heart, liver, spleen and testicles was determined by electronic scale and the length of the tubular digestive organs was measured with ruler and graph paper. The results were collected and recorded. The obtained data was processed via variable statistical methods. RESULTS: The body weight of the female birds was significantly lower than that of the male ones. In males the gizzard’s percent decreased significantly through the whole investigative period. The proventriculus and heart proportions were almost the same with age advancing. Females were with heavier livers and spleens than males, but the spleen difference was without statistical significance. The length of the crop, esophagus and intestines had lower values in males, compared to females CONCLUSION: The older male and female pheasants had significantly shorter tubular digestive organs. The youngest male individuals had heavier liver, compare to the females. These alterations of the morphometrical parameters in the pheasant internal organs are provoked by sex dimorphism influence. Key words: morphometry, internal organs, pheasant INTRODUCTION structures and segments, as well in the length The pheasants are birds widely spread all over and weight. These features are connected with the world. They are part of the suborder the amount and type of food, season Galloanserae, order Galliformes, family conditions, species characteristics, age, sex, Phasianidae. These birds are found in Europe, housing type, ambient temperatures, etc (2, 3). Asia, North America, some areas of South America, the southern parts of Australia and There is data available, concerning the New Zealand (1). structure and the weights and lengths of the digestive tract and its segments. A lot of The birds’ digestive system has different authors investigate the major pheasant internal variations, which are mainly observed in the organs, such as heart, liver, gizzard, spleen, _______________________________ lung, testicles and intraorbital glands and find *Correspondence to: David Yovchev, Department the correlative effect among the pheasant of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, housing, conditions and sex on the organs’ Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, weight (4, 5, 6). 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria, Tel: + 359 42 699 657, e-mail: [email protected] In the wild nature the bird have adaptive mechanisms for rational use of feed resources, 48 10 years - ANNIVERSARY EDITION TRAKIA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES, Vol. 10, No 3, 2012 YOVCHEV D., et al. because of the irregular finding of food. Due to weight similar to this of the flock were the conditions of life and seasons’ cycle selected. The birds were weighed on automatic variations in the weight and length of their weightier. The experimental animals were different digestive system aren’t often euthanized and then eviscerated. The digestive observed. In individuals bred voliery, there are tract was separated in segments, which many adaptive alterations, concerning the corresponded to its different parts (esophagus, morphometrical parameters of the digestive crop, proventriculus, gizzard, small intestine, organs, because of the regular access to food caeca and rectum). The weight of digestive (7). structures, heart, liver, spleen and testicles was determined by electronic scale with accuracy The morphometrical parameters of game of 0.1 g and was calculated as percentage of pheasant are investigated by (7). They find that body weight. The length of the tubular pheasants, bred voliery have smaller gizzards, digestive organs was measured with ruler and proventricules, hearts and testis, but bigger graph paper with accuracy of 1 mm. The liver and spleen. The lenght of the digestive experiments were done in strict compliance system and its segments is greater in the birds, with the Institutional Committee of Animal bred with feed mixture for commercial Health Care in the Trakia University, Stara purposes. Zagora. The statistical analyses of the obtained data (arithmetic means and standard errors According to some authors (8) the red-legged (SE) and Student’s t-test between age groups partridges fed for commercial purposes have and sexes) were processed with statistical lighter gizzards and shorter intestines, than the birds bred in the summer season and fed with software StatView™ v. 4.53 for Windows fibre-rich diet. (Abacus Concepts, Inc). The length of the bird intestines and their RESULTS segments differs in birds fed on fruit and It was found by the present study that the insects then in carnivorous individuals as the pheasants at 15, 17 and 19 weeks of age had a first have shorter intestines (9). relatively high weight. The body weight of the female birds’ three aged groups was Statistical studies are performed by (10, 11) in significantly lower than that of the male ones, broiler chicks and pheasants. The results show provoked by the one of sexual dimorphism’s an age related specification, concerning the manifestation. In males the gizzard’s digestive structures’ length. The relative length percentage decreased significantly through the of the small intestine and caeca demonstrate whole investigative period, and in females- regression and decrease with age. The percent only between 15th and 17th week. At 19th week weight of the pheasant glandular stomach of age the males had significantly lower reduces toward the slaughter body weight. gizzard than females. With the age, the proventriculus and heart proportions were The scarce data about morphometrical features almost the same. There were significant of common pheasant (Phasianus Coclchicus differences in the heart percentage of female Coclchicus) internal organs was a motivation birds at 15 and 19 weeks of age. The liver’s to perform the present study. The obtained data proportion decreased with statistically could be useful as a base for standard values of significant levels in females with increasing the optimal parameters in these organs. age. Statistically significant difference in the organ percentage between both sexes was MATERIALS AND METHODS th th th Object observed at 15 and 17 week. At 19 week, We studied 30 colchis pheasants, housing in although there wasn’t significant intersexual battery cages, divided in three groups (each difference, females were with heavier livers. group was consisted of 5 males and 5 females) The spleen’s proportion decreased reliably at 15, 17 and 19 weeks of age. Stocking only between males at 15 and 17 weeks of age. density of the studied birds was one bird per 1 As with the livers, the spleens had higher m2 approximately. The feeding was with proportion in females, than in males, but the finisher, containing 18.06% of protein and difference was without statistical significance. 2750 kcal ME/ kg. Five male and five female The testis percentage increased statistically birds at 15, 17 and 19 weeks of age with body with age (Table 1). 10 years - ANNIVERSARY EDITION 49 TRAKIA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES, Vol. 10, No 3, 2012 YOVCHEV D., et al. Table 1. Proportional weight in total body weight (%) of some internal organs in males and females pheasants of different age Age (weeks) and sex Feature 15 17 19 males females males females males females Gizzard, % x 1.9а 2.0b 1.7а 1.8b 1.5а 1.7* SE 0.07 0.08 0.08 0.06 0.08 0.07 Proventriculus, % x 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 SE 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 Liver, % x 2.0 2.2* 2.0 2.2 b* 1.9 2.0b SE 0.09 0.04 0.06 0.05 0.06 0.07 Heart, % x 0.5 0.6b 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4b SE 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 Spleen, % x 0.1а 0.1 0.08а 0.09 0.07 0.08 SE 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 Testicles, % x 0.01 - 0.02а - 0.04а - SE 0.002 0.004 0.005 a, b – mean values of features in rows with distinct letters, singly for males and females, differ significantly (P ≤ 0.05). * - mean values for different sexes of pheasants of the same age differ significantly. The length of the crop, esophagus and esophagus, crop small intestines, caeca and intestines was with lower values in males, rectums and lower total intestinal length than compared to females in the three aged groups. the younger individuals (Table 2). The older birds had lower relative length of the Table 2. Body weight and relative length of segments of the digestive tract in pheasants of both sexes at different age Age (weeks) and sex Feature 15 17 19 males females males females males females Body weight, g x 1185.4 938.6* 1253.7 956* 1310 988* SE 8.8 9.6 10.1 11.1 14.2 12.8 Esophagus and crop x 1.80 1.85 1.77 1.79 1.68 1.70 SE 0.25 0.17 0.09 0.15 0.29 0.24 Small intestine x 11.24 12.01* 10.65 11.86* 9.75 11.23* SE 0.70 0.74 0.52 0.64 0.69 0.70 Caeca x 4.21 4.76* 3.10 3.53 2.80 3.09* SE 0.11 0.19 0.15 0.12 0.18 0.14 Rectum x 0.90 0.97* 0.81 0.75* 0.68 0.70 SE 0.06 0.09 0.07 0.09 0.08 0.07 Total intestine x 18.6 19.1* 14.3 15.9* 13.8 14.1 SE 0.74 0.84 0.91 0.77 0.71 0.86 * - mean values for different sexes of pheasants of the same age differ significantly.
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