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Census of India 1971

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Census of India 1971 .. CENSUS OF INDIA 1971 SERIES-30 PONDICHERRY UNION TERRITORY PART! GENERAL REPORT K. CHOCKALINGAM OF TIlE INDIAN ADMINISTRATIVE SER VICE DIRECTOR OF CENSUS OPEP.4TIONS, TAMIL NA,DU & POND/CHERRY CENSUS OF INDIA 1971 PUBLICATION PROGRAMME PONDICHERRY S~ries·30 will relate to Pondicherry Union Territory only. Under this series, the following publications will be issued :­ portrait of population A descriptive Analysis of 1971 Census data. tPart I General Report. *Part II-A General Population Tables (A-Series). *Part H-B Economic Tables (B-Series). *Part I1-c(i) & Part V Distribution of Population-Religion, Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes and Special Tables on Sche- duled Castes. * Part II-C(ii) Mother-tongue and Other Social & Cultural Tables and Fertility Tables. ·Part H-D Migration Tables. *Part III Establishment Report and Tables. ·Part IV Housing Report and Tables. Part VI-B Special Survey Reports on Selected Towns. Part VI-C Survey Reports on Selected Villages. Part VIII-A & B Administration Report on Enumeration and Tabulation (for official use only), Part IX State Census Atlas. Part X District Census Hand Book. *A & B Village and Town Directory and Primary Census Abstract. Analytical Report, Administrative Statements and District Census Tables. Special Studies and Other miscellaneous Reports. ALL INDIA PUBLICATIONS Volumes similar to those indicated above are being published at the All India level. Apart from these, All India Census Tables 00 1% sample basis, as Part II (special) and a special Report on Graduates and Technical Personnel as Part VII are also being published. *Already Published tPresent Publication (i) PREFACE I am very much pleased to present to the readers the General Report on the 1971 population census of Pondicherry Union Territory. This volume con­ tains 12 chapters dealing wilh Size. distribution and density of populatiun, Growth rate of population, Rural and urban population, Sex ratio, Age structure and marital status, literacy and Educational level, Religion, Mother tongue, Sche­ 'eluled Caste and Scheduled [ribe, Distribution of population by main artivity and Migration. It was my intention to publish this report illto two volumes as Part I-A and Part I-B with a attle more detailed analysis of the topics covered in this volume. But due to administrative reasons, I am forced to combine buth volumes into the present one. T he treatment gi ~'ell in this volume on several chapters may not be complete in certain respects. As the readers are aware, the census data are varied in nature and that no single person expertised in a particular line can attempt a perfect report. However, [he materials collected at the census is arranged in this volume in such a manner that it can be readily utilised by experts and scholars of various subjects, So it is jor lhe experts, research scholars, institutions and readers of ,special interest to probe deeper into the data presented in this volume. There are tables and analysis in this volume which depict the information relating to earlier census of 1901 onwards. In such of these cases the readers are asked to keep in mind ,that the decennial population census was not conducted in 1941 but in 1948 i.e., just after 7 years. Hence the data for 1948 census is pre­ sented even in analysing the decennial changes of demographic characteristics of the population. It is made clear that the views expressed and the conclusions arrived at in this report do not reflect the views of the Government of India or that of the Pondicherry Union Terri LOry, but of my own. However, I hope that the infor­ mation contained in this volume will be of much use to all interested persons who like to study and understand Pondicherry Union Territory and its people. As you {lre aware the census enumeration is a great task by its'elf. The services of hundreds of enumcrators and supervisors are deployed to complete the work. They are the officials of the State Government, local bodies and educa­ tional institutions. Further processing of data was done by a group of officials headed by Shri P. 1... Samy, Assistant Director. But for the co-operation of the POlldicherry State Government, ii could not have been pos5ihle to complete the enumeration successfully. I have been receiving uninterrupted co-operation from the Chief Secretary to POl1dicherry Govt. and other Secretaries to the State Gov­ ,ernment, Heads of Departments, Administrators of the Areas and officials of other loazi bodies. The co-operation extended by the Department of Local Adminis­ tration was of irnmense help 10 me. I therefore feel that it is my duty to keep on record my sincere thanks to all of them. As the Director of Census Operations, I received very valuable gl(idance and appreciation from the former Registrar General, India-Shri A. Chandrasekhar, lAS and his Sllccessor Shri R. B. Chari, lAS. Shri P. Padmanabha, lAS, presently Registrar General, India was also extended all posstble help ill the publication programme of 1971 Census. Besides, the officers and staff of the Registrar Gene­ ral's office also extended much help to me. So I wish to place on record my sincere thanks to all of them. (iii) (iv) The first draft reports on various chapters are prepared by Sarvashri R. Laksizminarayanan, Research Assistant, R. Narayanan and'L. Jayaraj Christopher, Tabulation Officers. I hare been assisted by Shri M. Thangaraju, Deputy Direc­ tor of Census Operations and Shri M. Panchapakesan, Assistant Director of Census Operations in finalising various chapters. The charts and maps for these volumes are prepared by Sarvashri A. Rajamani and N. Chandran, Artists and P. S. Pa/ani, Draftsman and Shri M. Kothandaraman, Computor. The brunt of typing was borne by Shrimathies K. Chandra and M. S. Shantha, Junior Steno­ graphers. I thank them all and appreciate the good work done. K. CHOCKALINGAM Director of Census Operations Madras, Dt. 17-3-79. CONTENTS PAGBNo. CHAPTER I Introductory • 1 CHAPTER II Size. Distribution and Density of PopulationJ • 5 CHAPTE).t III Growth of Population 13 CHAPl'Elt IV Rural and Urban population 18 CHAPTElt V Sex ratio. ago structure and marital status 32 CHAPTER VI Literacy and educational level 49 CHAPTER VII Mother-tongue 75 CHAPTER VIII Religion 79 CHAPTER IX Scheduled Castes 83 CHAPTER X Distribution of Population by main activity 94 CHAPTER XI Migration 181 CHAPTER XII Conclusion 2t8 (v) CHAP'I'ER I INTRODUCTORY Earlier census history : The second decennial census in the Union Terri­ Though the areas which constitute the Pondicherry ton' of Pondicherry after its merger with Indian Union Union Territory were under the French Administration, wa~ conducted between 10th March, 1971 and 31st whenever there was a census it was attempted on the March, 1971 with reference date as the sun rise of 1st principles followed by the Indian Administration_ April. 1Q71. !his .coincide? with the elev~nth decen­ There were censuses of the population in 1842. 1848, nial ceJlSUs of Indm. Dunng 1961, Pondlcherry was 1852. 1891, 1901. 1911, 1921, 1931. 1941 and 1948 not part of India dejure and the Indian Census Act was conducted by the French Government. In 1961 the extended through President's order. The dejure trans­ Government of India conducted the census along with fer of the areas now comprised in the Pondicherry other States and Union Territories. Union Territory took place on 16-8-62. At the time of the i 971 census_ Pondicherry Union Territory became The census programme of 1971 consists of two r~rt :1l1d parcel of the Indian Union and the census stages. In the first stage Houselist and Establishment '~\JL1nt was done along with the other States and Union Schedules were canvassed. This was done during Territories of India. March 1970. The second stage consists of filling up of two schedules, viz. Individual Slip and Population Th~ census count does not stop with mere count­ Record. The second stage was attended to during ing of heads. It involves the extraction of classified March-April. 1971. information relating to persons living in an area at a giv~n point of time which forms the basis for evolu­ The following was the programme followed for the lion of administrative policies and schemes for the conduct of the census in the Union Territory of \V\:~fare of the citizens. Census is the primary source for statistics relating to ,Population without which the Pondicherry. formulation of economic and social planning could January. 1970 Formation of census divisions. cir­ I:Ot be realistic. Thus the census has come to play cles and blocks and appointment of "- predomineny_ part in the future developmental acti­ census personnel and training them. vities of the country. TI1e main characteristics of the February to March 1970 . Houselisting population with reference to the demographic, eco­ nomic and social aspects will be of greater importance September, 1970 . Rearrangtme1:t of blocks and circles and appointment of census personnel and interesting to the readers. for, census count. October. 1970 to January, Training to census personnel. Scope of the re'port: 1971. • In this report, an attempt is made to give the 10th March, 1971 to 1st Census enumeration and revisional salient features of population growth, rural/urban April, 1'971. round. distribution, age structure, marital status, literacy and 2nd April 1971 RepOlting of provisional totals. education, mother-tongue, religion, scheduled castes and scheduled tribes, migration main activities and The conduct of census operations in each Area was occupational pattern. ' entrusted to Area Census Officers who were of the rank of Deputy Collectors. The Revenue Officer in Pondi­ Brief geographical description: cherry and the respective administrators in Karaikal. The composition of Union Territorv of Pond i­ Mahe and Yanam were the Area Census Officers.
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