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Report of the National Task Force for a Special Study of Lakshadweep Islands to Assess Vulnerability to Various Hazards and Suggest Mitigation/Prevention Measures

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Report of the National Task Force for a Special Study of Lakshadweep Islands to Assess Vulnerability to Various Hazards and Suggest Mitigation/Prevention Measures Report of the National Task Force for a Special Study of Lakshadweep Islands to Assess Vulnerability to various Hazards and Suggest Mitigation/Prevention Measures Govt. of India Ministry of Home Affairs, Disaster Management Division September, 2005 September, 2005 Shri Ashim Khurana Joint Secretary (DM) Ministry of Home Affairs Government of India New Delhi-110 011 Dear Shri Khurana, Government of India, Ministry of Home Affairs had constituted a National Task Force for a special study of Lakshdweep Islands to assess vulnerability to various hazards and suggest mitigation / prevention measures vide OM No. 31-02-2005-NDM II dated 30th March, 2005. Members/ Co-opted Members of the Task Force included representatives of various line Ministries/ Departments of Government of India and a representative of the Lakshadweep Administration with Prof. A.S.Arya, National Seismic Advisor as the Chairman and Dr.J.K.Prasad, Chief BMTPC as its Member Secretary, As per the Terms of Reference, the Task Force conducted four meetings and some of the members visited Lakshdweep Islands. Based on the deliberations as well as findings of the field visit, the Task Force has prepared the report related to vulnerability of these islands to various natural and man made hazards and recommended certain immediate and long term mitigation and preventive measures to address these issues. I take this opportunity to submit this Report to the Ministry for its consideration and expeditious action as appropriate, on the relevant issues/ action points recommended by the Task Force. I and the other Members of this Task Force thank the Government of India, Ministry of Home Affairs for giving us an opportunity to pool our knowledge and make contributions towards natural disaster reduction in India. Yours faithfully, Prof. A.S.Arya Chairman, National Task Force ii Members of Task Force S.No. Organisation Representaive 1 Ministry of Home Affairs Dr.A.S.Arya, Chairman National Seismic Advisor 2 BMTPC, New Delhi Sh.J.K.Prasad, Member Secretary Chief (Building Materials) 3 India Metrological Department Sh.A.K.Bhatnagar DDGM (S) 4 Department of Ocean Development, Chennai Dr.B.K.Subramaniam Project Director, Integrated Coastal and Marine Area Management 5 Geological Survey of India, Mangalore Sh.K.S.Adiga Director (Geology) 6 National Remote Sensing Agency, Hyderabad Dr.K.Vinod Kumar Director 7 Department of Space & Technology, New Dr.B.K.Bansal Delhi Director (Seismology) 8 Central Water Commission, New Delhi Sh.A.K.Valsalan Director (CED) 9 Indian Institute of Technology, Chennai Prof.A.Meher Prasad Deptt. Of Civil Engineering 10 Survey of India, New Delhi Sh.R.M.Tripathi Director, Western Printing 11 Department of Space, New Delhi Dr.V.S.Hegde Associate Program Director (DMS) 12 Lakshadweep Administration, Lakshadweep Collector cum Development Commissioner & Relief Commissioner 13 Ministry of Shipping, Road Transport and Sh.K.Sekhar Highway, Port Blair Deputy Chief Engineer, Andaman Lakshadweep Harbour Works (ALHW) 14 Ministry of Environment & Forest, New Delhi No representative Co-opted Members 15 Ministry of Home Affairs, New Delhi Sh.P.G.Sarpotdar, Advisor Communication 16 Ministry of Home Affairs, New Delhi Dr.E.V.Muley Advisor, NCRM Project (Environment Issues) iii CONTENTS Preface viii Acknowledgements ix Acronyms x Executive Summary 1 - 7 CHAPTER 1. The Lakshadweep Islands (Including Geological setup) 8 - 12 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Origin of Lakshadweep Islands 1.3 History and Background 1.4 Location 1.5 Geographic Features 1.6 Geomorphology 1.7 Climate 1.8 Ecology & Environment 1.9 Demographic Features 1.10 Socio-economic Profile & Livelihood 1.11 Techno-legal Frame Work 2. Natural Hazards and Vulnerability in the Islands 13 - 18 2.1 Natural hazards - Historical Perspective 2.2 Earthquakes 2.3 Cyclonic Storms & Wind Speeds 2.4 Storm – Surges 2.5 Rainfall inundation 2.6 Flood Prone Areas of Lakshadweep Islands 2.7 Inundation of Sea Water in the Islands of Lakshadweep 2.8 Costal Erosion 2.9 Wave Power Potential 2.10 Sea Level Rise 2.11 Tsunamis 3. Cyclone of 2004: A Case Study 19 - 22 3.1 Effect of Cyclone on Some of the Islands of Lakshadweep during 5th – 7th may, 2004 3.2 Kavaratti Islands 3.3 Amini Islands 3.4 Kiltan Islands 3.5 Agatti Islands 3.6 Observations with Specific reference to hazards & Vulnerability During Field Visit by the Members of the task Force to some of the Islands on 4th – 5th June, 2005 iv 4. Man Made Hazards 23 - 24 4.1 Fire 4.2 Oil Slicks 4.3 Marine Pollution 4.4 Tourism 5. Vulnerability Assessment 25 - 29 5.1 Geographical Isolation 5.2 Insularity & Remoteness 5.3 Small size of Islands and Population Pressure 5.4 Communication and Transport 5.5 Socio-economic Vulnerability 5.6 Environmental Vulnerability 5.7 Ecosystem Vulnerability 5.8 Status of Infrastructure Development & Physical Factors Contributing to the Vulnerability of Lakshadweep Islands to natural hazards. 5.8.1 Disaster Mitigation Capability 5.8.2 Demographic Factors 5.8.3 Economic factors 5.8.4 Infrastructure Losses 5.8.5 Economic Losses 5.8.6 Shelters 5.8.7 Residential & Official Buildings 5.8.8 Drinking Water 5.8.9 Ground Water Availability 5.8.10 Sanitation 5.8.11 Health 5.8.12 Solid Waste Disposal 5.8.13 Energy Requirement 6. Mitigation & Prevention: Preparedness and Existing Status 30 - 36 6.1 Disaster Preparedness 6.2 Disaster management Policy 6.3 Techno-legal Frame Work 6.4 Institutional & Administrative Fame Work 6.5 The Lakshadweep Disaster Management Authority 6.6 Financial Mechanism 6.7 Communication & Connectivity 6.7.1 Communication 6.7.2 Connectivity 6.8 Early Warning System 6.9 Emergency Communication Facilities 6.9.1 Emergency Communication facilities 6.9.2 Issues Related to Normal Communication Services 6.9.3 Emergency Communication facilities (Planned) v 6.10 Effect of Natural Disasters on Existing Communication Facilities 6.11 Suggested Emergency Communication System 6.12 Emergency Communication Facilities at Other Islands 7. Mitigation and Prevention: Proposed Measures 37 - 42 7.1 Need for Spatial Database & Long term Disaster Mitigation Strategies 7.2 Role of Satellite & Geo-spatial Technology for the Islands 7.3 Human Resource Development – Training & Capacity Building 7.4 Improving Infrastructure 7.5 Improving Disaster Management 7.6 Proposed Studies 7.6.1 Tasks to be carried out 7.6.2 Data Required & Sources 7.6.3 Proposed Action Plans. 8. Recommendations of the Task Force: Immediate & Long Term implementation measures 43 – 52 8.1 Training & capacity Building 8.2 Communication 8.3 Mitigation/Protection Measures 8.4 Preparedness 8.5 Connectivity 8.5.1 Air Link 8.5.2 Sea Link 8.6 Studies for Storm Surge & Tsunami Inundation 8.7 Need for Spatial Database for Long term Disaster Mitigation Strategies 8.8 Frame Work for Disaster Management Plan 8.9 Techno-legal frame Work 8.10 Table for Recommendation TABLES Table 1.1 Island-wise Area, Elevation & Population of Lakshadweep (2001 Census) Table 2.1 List of Earthquakes between Latitude 6.00 N to 14.00 N and Longitude 70.00 E to 76.00 E (Events Listed in IMD Catalogue) Table 2.2 Criteria followed by India Metrological Department (IMD) to classify cyclonic wind systems. Table 2.3 Mean Wind Speed in knots in Two Islands of Lakshadweep Table 2.4 Number of Storms and Depressions in Lakshadweep Islands during last 115 years ending 2004 Table 2.5 Rainfall in mm for Amini & Minicoy Islands from 1992 – 2001 Table 6.1 Emergency Communication Equipment for use at Emergency Operation Centre (EOC). vi Table 6.2 Budgetary Cost of Equipments for Emergency Operation Centre. Table 6.3 Budgetary Cost of Equipments Table 6.4 Emergency Communication Facilities. Table 7.1 Data required for Surge & Tsunami Modeling. Table 7.2 Actions/Steps & Possible Istitutions/Organisations. Table 8.1 Vulnerability Issues & Recommendations Table 8.2 Management Issues & Recommendations FIGURES Figure 6.1 Existing Transmission Links in Lakshadweep Islands ANNEXURES 53 - 68 Annex I Constitution and Terms of Reference of the Task Force. Annex II Background information of Lakshadweep islands. Annex III Elements of Response Mechanism. Annex IV Status of Telephone Systems in Lakshadweep. Annex V List of Floating Crafts/Tools and Plants Vehicles available with ALHW at various Islands. Annex VI Details of the Crafts/Boats under various Departments Annex VII Island -wise availability of Mechanised Fishing Boats as on 2003 Annex VIII Details of Three Wheelers and Four Wheelers registered in Lakshadweep as on 31.12.2003 Annex IX Buildings identified as Cyclone Shelters on various Islands of Lakshadweep Annex X Normal Monthly and annual Rainfall on various Islands of Lakshadweep. MAPS 1. Lakshadweep Islands – Historical Earthquake Epicenters 2. Agatti (Contour Map) 3. Amini (Contour Map) 4. Andrott (Contour Map) 5. Bangaram (Contour Map) 6. Chetlat (Contour Map) 7. Kadmat (Contour Map) 8. Kalpeni (Contour Map) 9. Kavaratti (Land Use Map including Contours) 10. Kiltan (Contour Map) 11. Minicoy (Contour Map) 12. Kavaratti ( Inundation Map) vii Preface The Union Territory of Lakshadweep comprises of a group of islands in the Arabian Sea between latitude 8o E and 12o 30' N and between longitude 71o and 74o E and are located at a distance ranging from 200 km to 400 km from the mainland. There are in all 27 islands, 3 reefs and 6 submerged sandbanks. Only 10 islands are inhabited with very low ground elevation in meters above Mean Sea Level (MSL). These islands are Agatti: 3.0- 6.0 m, Amini: 0.5-2.5, Andrott: 1.0-7.0m, Bitra: 0.8-4.0m, Chetlat: 1.5-5.5 m, Kadmat:2.5-6.5, Kalpeni: 1.5-5.5m, Kavaratti:2.0-6.0m, Kiltan: 0.6-4.0 and Minicoy: 1.5- 70m.
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