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Ceremonial Entries, Municipal Liberties and the Negotiation of Power in Valois France, 1328–1589 Rulers & Elites Comparative Studies in Governance Series Editor Jeroen Duindam (Leiden University) Editorial Board Maaike van Berkel (University of Amsterdam) Yingcong Dai (William Paterson University) Jean-Pascal Daloz (Maison Française, Oxford) Jos Gommans (Leiden University) Jérome Kerlouégan (University of Oxford) Dariusz Kołodziejczyk (Warsaw University) Metin Kunt (Sabanci University) VOLUME 7 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/rule Ceremonial Entries, Municipal Liberties and the Negotiation of Power in Valois France, 1328–1589 By Neil Murphy LEIDEN | BOSTON This is an open access title distributed under the terms of the CC-BY-NC-ND License, which permits any noncommercial use, and distribution, provided no alterations are made and the original author(s) and source are credited. Cover image: Charles VI greeted on horseback by the municipal council at his inaugural entry into Paris in 1380. Bibliothèque Nationale de France 138, FOL. 260V. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Murphy, Neil, 1980- author. Title: Ceremonial entries, municipal liberties and the negotiation of power in Valois France, 1328-1589 / by Neil Murphy. Description: Leiden ; Boston : Brill, [2016] | Series: Rulers & elites : comparative studies in governance, ISSN 2211-4610 ; volume 7 | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2016023849 (print) | LCCN 2016024753 (ebook) | ISBN 9789004313569 (hardback : acid-free paper) | ISBN 9789004313712 (e-book) | ISBN 9789004313712 (E-book) Subjects: LCSH: France—Politics and government—1328-1589. | France—History—House of Valois, 1328-1589. | Ceremonial entries—France—History—To 1500. | Ceremonial entries—France— History—16th century. | France—Kings and rulers—History. | Elite (Social sciences)—France— History. | Power (Social sciences)—France—History. | Municipal government—France—History. | Civil rights—France—History. | France—Social life and customs—328-1600. Classification: LCC DC95.5 .M87 2016 (print) | LCC DC95.5 (ebook) | DDC 944/.025—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016023849 Want or need Open Access? Brill Open offers you the choice to make your research freely accessible online in exchange for a publication charge. Review your various options on brill.com/brill-open. Typeface for the Latin, Greek, and Cyrillic scripts: “Brill”. See and download: brill.com/brill-typeface. issn 2211-4610 isbn 978-90-04-31356-9 (hardback) isbn 978-90-04-31371-2 (e-book) Copyright 2016 by Neil Murphy This work is published by Koninklijke Brill NV. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Brill Hes & De Graaf, Brill Nijhoff, Brill Rodopi and Hotei Publishing. Koninklijke Brill NV reserves the right to protect the publication against unauthorized use and to authorize dissemination by means of offprints, legitimate photocopies, microform editions, reprints, translations, and secondary information sources, such as abstracting and indexing services including databases. Requests for commercial re-use, use of parts of the publication, and/or translations must be addressed to Koninklijke Brill NV. This book is printed on acid-free paper and produced in a sustainable manner. For Anna ∵ Contents Acknowledgements ix List of Figures and Maps x List of Abbreviations xi Introduction: Framing Royal Entries 1 Sources and Perspectives 12 Geography and Chronology 18 Overview 21 1 Confirming Municipal Liberties 24 The Harangue 26 Keys and Banners 50 Changes to the Extramural Greeting 61 The Loggia 67 2 Petitioning the King 75 Gift-Giving 79 The Second Harangue 90 The Gifts 95 Designing the Gift 104 A Typology of Requests 111 Financial and Economic Requests 112 Defence 117 Urban Justice and Administration 121 Religious Requests 124 Conclusion 126 3 Accessing the King 128 Brokers and Networks of Clientage 129 The Chancellor 137 Royal Secretaries and the Ratification of Urban Grants 142 Domestiques et Commensaux du Roi 155 Royal Women and Royal Entries 163 viii Contents 4 Royal Authority in the Provinces 178 Planning Governors’ Entries 181 The Canopy 187 Governors’ Networks of Clientage 195 Conclusion 218 Bibliography 229 Index 272 Acknowledgements The research for this book was funded by a generous grant from the Economic and Social Research Council (UK) and smaller grants from the British Academy and the Universities of Glasgow, Northumbria and Winchester. I wish to thank Samuel Cohn for reading a draft chapter at short notice and offering helpful advice, as well as Gaby Malhberg for kindly taking time out of her busy research fellowship at the Herzog August Bibliothek in Wolfenbüttel to check sources for me. I would especially like to thank Graeme Small and Jeroen Duindam for the kindness and encouragement they have shown over the duration of this proj- ect. I am indebted to the staff of numerous archives and libraries on both sides of the Channel for the invaluable assistance they gave me while I researched this book. I would like to thank Mireille Olmière at the archives communales d’Uzès, Véronique Delpierre at the archives communales de Boulogne-sur-Mer, Gilles Leblond at the archives municipals d’Évreux, Marie-Laure Imbert at the archives municipales d’Orange, Julien Mathieu at the archives communales de Valence, Jean-Jose Sepulveda at the archives municipales d’Aix-en-Provence, Anne-Violaine Jarlégant at the archives municipales de Tours, Nadine Audibert at the archives départmentales du Gard, Sylvie Clair at the archives munici- pales de Marseille, as well as the staff of the archives départmentales de Vaucluse, which – housed in the papal palace at Avignon – was perhaps the most impressive archive I visited during the course of this research. In addi- tion, I owe a debt of gratitude to the staff at the municipal archives at Rennes who patiently helped me locate records from long defunct catalogue numbers. I also wish to thank the staff of the reading room of the Richelieu building of the Bibliothèque nationale for providing me with the original manuscripts of sources that were very difficult to read on microfilm. I also owe thanks to the numerous members of staff at multiple municipal, departmental and cen- tral archives in France whose names I never learned and who were all gen- erous with their time and expertise, particularly those at Abbeville, Amiens, Compiègne, Mantes and Rouen. In addition, I wish to thank the staff of the Bodleian Library, the Cambridge University Library, the Institute of Historical Research, the National Library of Scotland and the François Mitterand build- ing of the Bibliothèque nationale de France. Finally, I would like to thank the many local historians I met in municipal and departmental archives across France who drew on their encyclopaedic knowledge of these repositories to point me in the direction of important sources.1 1 Currency is in livres tournois, unless specified otherwise. All translations from French are by the author unless otherwise stated. List of Figures and Maps Figures 1 Charles VI greeted on horseback by the municipal council at his inaugural entry into Paris in 1380 25 2 Charles VII’s entry into Paris in 1437 49 3 The presentation of gifts of silverware to King Charles V of France and Emperor Charles IV following their joint entry into Paris in 1378 105 Maps 1 France in 1429 xiv 2 France in the late Fifteenth Century xv 3 Governorships in Sixteenth-Century France xvi List of Abbreviations AC Archives communales. AD Archives départmentales. AM Archives municipales. Auguste, Inventaire J.-B. Auguste, Ville d’Agen. Inventaire sommaire sommaire, Agen des archives communales antérieures à 1790 (Paris, 1884). Basin, Histoire de Louis XI Thomas Basin, Histoire de Louis XI, ed. C. Samaran, 3 vols. (Paris, 1963–72). Bazin, ‘Rois de France à J.-L. Bazin, ‘Les rois de France à Mâcon’, Mâcon’ Annales de l’Académie de Mâcon: société des arts, sciences, belles-lettres et d’agriculture 7 (1890), 52–168. Beaucourt, Chronique G. du Fresne de Beaucourt, Chronique de Mathieu d’Escouchy Mathieu d’Escouchy, 3 vols (Paris, 1863–64). Beaurepaire, ‘Charles VIII Charles Robillard de Beaurepaire, ed., ‘Entrée à Rouen’ et séjour du roi Charles VIII à Rouen en 1485’, Mémoires de la Société des antiquaires de Normandie 20 (1853), 279–306. BL British Library. Bonnardot, Registres François Bonnardot, ed., Registres des Paris, 1499–1536 délibérations du Bureau de la ville de Paris. Tome premier, 1499–1536 (Paris, 1883). BNF Bibliothèque nationale de France. Chronique scandaleuse Bernard de Mandrot, ed., Journal de Jean de Roye: connu sous le nom de Chronique scandaleuse, 1460–1483, 2 vols (Paris, 1894–96). Coll. Bucquet Collection Bucquet-aux-Cousteaux, bibliothèque municipale, Beauvais. Cooper, Entry of Henry II Richard Cooper, ed., The Entry of Henry II into into Lyon Lyon: September 1548 (Tempe, 1997). CSP Spain, 1550–1552 Royall Tyler, ed., Calendar of Letters, Despatches, and State Papers, Relating to the Negotiations Between England and Spain, Vol. X: Edward VI, 1550–1552 (London, 1914). xii List of Abbreviations Domarion, Entrée Louis Domarion, ed., Entrée de François Ier François Ier, Béziers dans la ville de Béziers (Bas-Languedoc) (Paris, 1866). Douët-d’Arcq, Chronique de L. Douët-d’Arcq, ed., La chronique d’Enguerran Monstrelet de Monstrelet, 6 vols (Paris, 1857–62). Godefroy, Ceremonial Théodore and Denis Godefroy, Le Cérémonial françois françois, 2 vols (Paris, 1649). Gouvenain, Inventaire Louis de Gouvenain, Ville de Dijon. Inventaire sommaire, Dijon sommaire des archives communales antérieures à 1790, 5 vols (Dijon, 1867–1910). Guenée and Lehoux, Bernard Guenée and Françoise Lehoux, eds., Entrées royales françaises Les entrées royales françaises de 1328 à 1515 (Paris, 1968). Guérin, Registres Paris, Paul Guérin, ed., Registres des délibérations 1539–1552 du bureau de la ville de Paris. Tome troisième, 1539–1552 (Paris, 1886). Laurière, Ordonnances des Eusèbe Jacob de Laurière et al., eds., roys de France Ordonnances des roys de France de la troisième race, recueillies par ordre chronologique, 23 vols (Paris, 1723–1849). La Grange, ‘Entrées de A.