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The Sinister Political Life of Community
NIGER DELTA ECONOMIES OF VIOLENCE WORKING PAPERS Working Paper No. 3 THE SINISTER POLITICAL LIFE OF COMMUNITY Economies of Violence and Governable Spaces in the Niger Delta, Nigeria Michael Watts Director, Institute of International Studies, University of California, Berkeley, USA 2004 Institute of International Studies, University of California, Berkeley, USA The United States Institute of Peace, Washington DC, USA Our Niger Delta, Port Harcourt, Nigeria 1 The Sinister Political Life of Community: Economies of Violence and Governable Spaces in the Niger Delta, Nigeria Michael Watts We seek to recover the . life of the community, as neither the “before” nor the “after” picture of any great human transformation. We see “communities” as creatures with an extraordinary and actually . quite sinister political life in the ground of real history. Kelly and Kaplan (2001:199) “Community” is an archetypal keyword in the sense deployed by Raymond Williams (1976). A “binding” word, suturing certain activities and their interpretation, community is also “indicative” (Williams’s term once again) in certain forms of thought. Deployed in the language for at least five hundred years, community has carried a range of senses denoting actual groups (for example “commoners” or “workers”) and connoting specific qualities of social relationship (as in communitas). By the nineteenth century, community was, of course, invoked as a way of talking about much larger issues, about modernity itself. Community—and its sister concepts of tradition and custom—now stood in sharp contrast to the more abstract, instrumental, individuated, and formal properties of state or society in the modern sense. A related shift in usage subsequently occurred in the twentieth century, when community came to refer to a form or style of politics distinct from the formal repertoires of national or local politics. -
Unity in Diversity: a Comparative Study of Selected Idioms in Nembe (Nigeria) and English
Intercultural Communication Studies XXIII: 2 (2014) TEILANYO Unity in Diversity: A Comparative Study of Selected Idioms in Nembe (Nigeria) and English Diri I. TEILANYO University of Benin, Nigeria Abstract: Different linguistic communities have unique ways of expressing certain ideas. These unique expressions include idioms (as compared with proverbs), often being fixed in lexis and structure. Based on assumptions and criticisms of the Sapir-Whorfian Hypothesis with its derivatives of cultural determinism and cultural relativity, this paper studies certain English idioms that have parallels in Nembe (an Ijoid language in Nigeria’s Niger Delta). It is discovered that while the codes (vehicles) of expression are different, the same propositions and thought patterns run through the speakers of these different languages. However, each linguistic community adopts the concepts and nuances in its environment. It is concluded that the concept of linguistic universals and cultural relativity complement each other and provide a forum for efficient communication across linguistic, cultural and racial boundaries. Keywords: Idioms, proverbs, Nembe, English, proposition, equivalence, Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis, linguistic universals, cultural relativity 1. Introduction: Language and Culture (Unity or Diversity) The fact that differences in culture are reflected in the patterns of the languages of the relevant cultures has been recognized over time. In this regard, one of the weaknesses modern linguists find in classical (traditional) grammar is the “logical fallacy” (Levin, 1964, p. 47) which assumed “the immutability of language” (Ubahakwe & Obi, 1979, p. 3) on the basis of which attempts were made to telescope the patterns of modern European languages (most of which are at least in past “analytic”) into the structure of the classical languages like Greek and Latin which were largely “synthetic”. -
Zimbabwe: Getting the Transition Back on Track
THE SWAMPS OF INSURGENCY: NIGERIA’S DELTA UNREST Africa Report N°115 – 3 August 2006 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS................................................. i I. INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................... 1 II. COMMODITIES, COMMUNITIES AND CONFLICT ............................................. 2 A. A LEGACY OF MILITANCY AND UNDERDEVELOPMENT ........................................................2 1. Slavery, palm oil and colonial control ........................................................................2 2. Isaac Boro’s twelve-day revolt ...................................................................................4 3. Ken Saro-Wiwa and the Ogoni struggle .....................................................................4 B. THE SECURITY FORCES..........................................................................................................5 1. Umuechem, Odi and Odioma .....................................................................................6 2. Oil company surveillance and security force payments ..............................................7 III. ADMINISTRATION, TRANSPARENCY AND RESPONSIBILITY...................... 12 A. OIL COMPANY DEVELOPMENT EFFORTS ..............................................................................12 1. Chevron, women’s protests and ethnic violence ..........................................................14 2. The European Commission, Pro-Natura and the “participatory -
Crisis and Conflict Resolution in Brass Province Before 1960
CRISIS AND CONFLICT RESOLUTION IN BRASS PROVINCE BEFORE 1960 ONYEJIUWA, CHRISTOPHER IFEANYICHUKWU AND OKAFOR, GERALD IFEANYICHUKWU ABSTRACT This work is aimed at explaining the origin of Brass people and the villages that made up of the present Ijaw nation. It also attempts to give an overview of conflict resolution in Brass province before independence of 1960. Among other things, it attempts to disclose how judicial system in the area became instrumental to boundary disputes and the approaches taken to resolve them. This work made effective use of primary and secondary sources of research methodology. Under the primary sources, interviews were conducted with elderly people, academia and civil servants whereas, under secondary sources, literature that related to the topic were liberally used. In the course of this research, we found out that a lot of administrative blunders took place during the period understudy but were either recorded and lost or deliberately overlooked. Again, reports of some colonial officers which were gotten from the opinions of some prominent Ijaw natives were distorted to favour the colonial government. Also, history of the Brass people was controversial and unclear, thus making research in them more imaginative. Among other problems, we discovered that there was few literature on the judicial practices in the Brass province. INTRODUCTION The Brass Province during the period under study was a Colonial territory of the Great Britain located in the coastal region of what is called South-South on Niger-Delta region of modern day Nigeria. Ab- 78 | International Journal of Humanities initio, the Portuguese were the first Europeans that had contact with the natives based on commerce. -
Bernath Mss 383 APPENDICES
Bernath Mss 383 APPENDICES Appendix A: Bibliography. Printed sources, dissertations, theses, and unpublished papers – mainly relating to Jos Plateau and its inhabitants; neighboring areas including Bauchi emirate; ironworking in Nigeria, Africa and other parts of the world; mining and iron ore; forestry, deforestation, charcoal making; archaeology, archaeometallurgy and analysis of ore, slag, and smelted iron; economic history, trade and exchange, slavery, and slave trade; ethnography; geography; geology; historiography and oral history; linguistics. Archival/primary sources are listed separately. Abubakar, Sa'ad. "The Emirate of Fombina, 1809-1903: The Attempts of a Politically Segmented People to Establish and Maintain a Centralized Form of Government." Ph.D. diss., Ahmado Bello University, 1970. __________. "The Emirate Type of Government in the Sokoto Caliphate." Journal of the Historical Society of Nigeria 7, 2 (1974): 211-30. __________. "The Established Caliphate: Sokoto, the Emirates and Their Neighbours." In Groundwork of Nigerian History, edited by Obaro Ikime, 303-26. Ibadan, Nigeria: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria), for the Historical Society of Nigeria, 1980. __________. The Lāmīb̳ e of Fombina: A Political History of Adamawa, 1809-1901. Zaria, [Nigeria]: Ahmadu Bello University Press, 1977. __________. "The Middle Benue Region Up to c.1850." Paper presented at the Niger-Benue Seminar, Jos, Nigeria, 1974. __________. "The Northern Provinces under Colonial Rule." In Groundwork of Nigerian History, edited by Obaro Ikime, 447-81. Ibadan, Nigeria: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria), for the Historical Society of Nigeria, 1980. __________. "Peoples of the Upper Benue Basin and the Bauchi Plateau before 1800." In Groundwork of Nigerian History, edited by Obaro Ikime, 165-86. -
Les Chefferies Traditionnelles Au Nigeria NIGERIA
NIGERIA Etude 6 février 2015 Les chefferies traditionnelles au Nigeria Avertissement Ce document a été élaboré par la Division de l’Information, de la Documentation et des Recherches de l’Ofpra en vue de fournir des informations utiles à l’examen des demandes de protection internationale. Il ne prétend pas faire le traitement exhaustif de la problématique, ni apporter de preuves concluantes quant au fondement d’une demande de protection internationale particulière. Il ne doit pas être considéré comme une position officielle de l’Ofpra ou des autorités françaises. Ce document, rédigé conformément aux lignes directrices communes à l’Union européenne pour le traitement de l’information sur le pays d’origine (avril 2008) [cf. https://www.ofpra.gouv.fr/sites/default/files/atoms/files/lignes_directrices_europeennes.pdf], se veut impartial et se fonde principalement sur des renseignements puisés dans des sources qui sont à la disposition du public. Toutes les sources utilisées sont référencées. Elles ont été sélectionnées avec un souci constant de recouper les informations. Le fait qu’un événement, une personne ou une organisation déterminée ne soit pas mentionné(e) dans la présente production ne préjuge pas de son inexistence. La reproduction ou diffusion du document n’est pas autorisée, à l’exception d’un usage personnel, sauf accord de l’Ofpra en vertu de l’article L. 335-3 du code de la propriété intellectuelle. Les chefferies traditionnelles au Nigeria Table des matières Introduction 4 1. Bref rappel historique 5 2. Types et catégories de chefs traditionnels 5 2.1. Classifications 2.2. Titres traditionnels et titres honorifiques 2.3. -
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AHISTORYOFNIGERIA Nigeria is Africa’s most populous country and the world’s eighth largest oil producer, but its success has been undermined in recent decades by ethnic and religious conflict, political instability, rampant official corruption, and an ailing economy. Toyin Falola, a leading historian intimately acquainted with the region, and Matthew Heaton, who has worked extensively on African science and culture, combine their expertise to explain the context to Nigeria’s recent troubles, through an exploration of its pre-colonial and colonial past and its journey from independence to statehood. By exami- ning key themes such as colonialism, religion, slavery, nationalism, and the economy, the authors show how Nigeria’s history has been swayed by the vicissitudes of the world around it, and how Nigerians have adapted to meet these challenges. This book offers a unique portrayal of a resilient people living in a country with immense, but unrealized, potential. toyin falola is the Frances Higginbotham Nalle Centennial Professor in History at the University of Texas at Austin. His books include The Power of African Cultures (2003), Economic Reforms and Modernization in Nigeria, 1945–1965 (2004), and A Mouth Sweeter than Salt: An African Memoir (2004). matthew m. heaton is a Patrice Lumumba Fellow at the University of Texas at Austin. He has co-edited multiple volumes on health and illness in Africa with Toyin Falola, including HIV/AIDS, Illness and African Well-Being (2007) and Health Knowledge and Belief Systems in Africa (2007). A HISTORY OF NIGERIA TOYIN FALOLA AND MATTHEW M. HEATON University of Texas at Austin CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo Cambridge University Press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 8RU, UK Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521862943 © Toyin Falola and Matthew M. -
African HISTORY and CULTURE
Encyclopedia of africaN HISTORY and CULTURE Encyclopedia of african history and culture Volume Ii African kingdoms (500 to 1500) Willie F. Page, Editor Revised edition by R. Hunt Davis, Jr., Editor A Learning Source Book Encyclopedia of African History and Culture, Copyright © 2005, 2001 by The Learning Source, Ltd. A Learning Source Book Editorial: Brian Ableman, Edward C. Haggerty, Bertram Knight, Christopher Roberts, Bodine Schwerin (revised edition), Ismail Soyugenc (revised edition), Anthony Yearwood Consultant: Emilyn Brown All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval systems, without permission in writing from the publisher. For information contact: Facts On File, Inc. 132 West 31st Street New York NY 10001 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Page, Willie F., 1929– Encyclopedia of African history and culture / edited by Willie F. Page; revised edition edited by R. Hunt Davis, Jr.—Rev. ed. p. cm. “A Learning Source Book.” Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-8160-5199-2 ((set ISBN) hardcover) ISBN 0-8160-5269-7 (vol. I)–ISBN 0-8160-5270-0 (vol. II)– ISBN 0-8160-5271-9 (vol. III)–ISBN 0-8160-5200-X (vol. IV)– ISBN 0-8160-5201-8 (vol. V) –ISBN 978-1-4381-2917-4 (e-book) 1. Africa—Encyclopedias. I. Davis, R. Hunt. II. Title. DT3.P27 2005 960'.03-—dc22 2004022929 Facts On File books are available at special discounts when purchased in bulk quanti- ties for businesses, associations, institutions or sales promotions. -
Mesopotamia, Germany and West Africa Theories
Mesopotamia, Germany and West Africa Theories Discussion in 'Black People Open Forum' started by omowalejabali, Yesterday at 12:33 PM. Thus far the only people who have been attested with a high level of research to be the descendants of the ancient Mesopotamians are the Assyrian Christians of Iraq and its surrounding areas. Assyria continued to exist as a geo political entity until the Arab-Islamic conquest in the mid 7th century AD, and Assyrian identity, personal names and evolutions of Mesopotamian Aramaic (which still contain many Akkadian loan words) have survived among the Assyrian people from ancient times to this day. (see Assyrian people). However, there have been many claims of ancient mid eastern ancestry (including Assyrian) throughout Europe, Africa (Afrocentric) and even the Americas, none of which have been supported by mainstream opinion or strong evidence, let alone proof. The most long standing and popularised theory has been the attempts to link Assyrian ancestry to the ancient Germans. The Assyria-Germany connection has an early precedent in Jerome, who compared the Germanic invaders of his day to the threats to the Kingdom of Israel described in the Bible, quoting Psalms 83:8, "Assur also is joined with them":[30] The whole country between the Alps and the Pyrenees, between the Rhine and the Ocean, has been laid waste by hordes of Quadi, Vandals, Sarmatians, Alans, Gepids, Herules, Saxons, Burgundians, Allemanni and—alas! for the commonweal!—even Pannonians. For "Assur also is joined with them." The idea has also -
Politics in Pre-Colonial Niger Delta: Reflections on the Role and Contributions of Women
KIU Journal of Humanities KIU Journal of Humanities Copyright©2019 Kampala International University ISSN: 2415-0843; 4(4): 19–29 Politics in Pre-Colonial Niger Delta: Reflections on the Role and Contributions of Women B.E. AWORTU, B.T. MCHAEL Ignatius Ajuru University of Education, Port Harcourt, Nigeria Abstract. Women all over the world are active Keywords: Women, Politics, Niger Delta, Pre- members of society who have contributed colonial immensely to the growth and development of their societies. In the Niger Delta, women have 1. Introduction contributed in no small measure to the political development of the region. This paper therefore Political organization in the pre-colonial Niger examines politics in pre-colonial Niger Delta Delta societies was direct rather than with a focus on the role and contributions of representative. Most would agree that power was women. In the Niger Delta, women seem to have more evenly distributed and spread in direct been deprived of some political privilege in the democracies, as practiced in the pre-colonial past due to the patriarchal nature of the society. Niger Delta societies. In representing However, some prominent female personalities democracies, only a minute fraction of the in pre-colonial Niger Delta played significant population sits in positions of power while in role in the development of their societies. This direct political organization or democracies study adopts the use of primary and secondary every eligible member can directly influence sources of data in generating the required data. decisions. The multi-disciplinary approach was used and knowledge from related disciplines enriched the Woodburn (1982) asserts that greater equality of available historical data. -
Causes of Conflict Between Niger Delta Communities (2003 – 2014)
Causes of Conflict Between Niger Delta Communities (2003 – 2014) Egere, H.D Submitted version deposited in Coventry University’s Institutional Repository Original citation: Egere, H.D (2017) Causes of Conflict Between Niger Delta Communities (2003 – 2014) . Unpublished PhD Thesis. Coventry: Coventry University Copyright © and Moral Rights are retained by the author. A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This item cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the copyright holder(s). The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Some materials have been removed from this thesis due to Third Party Copyright. Pages where material has been removed are clearly marked in the electronic version. The unabridged version of the thesis can be viewed at the Lanchester Library, Coventry University. Causes of Conflict Between Niger Delta Communities (2003 – 2014) By Hudson Dafe Egere May 2017 A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the University’s requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Abstract The thesis evaluates the causality of inter-community conflict in the Niger Delta, notably in the core states of Bayelsa, Delta and Rivers. In contrast to previous studies, this research uses its own detailed definition and delineation of Niger Delta Communities (NDCs), and the nature of inter-community conflict, to determine the social, economic and political factors that cause conflict between communities in the ND. A further key distinction between this study and previous research on the causality of conflict in the Niger Delta is the use of evidence and data gathered from leaders and residents involved first-hand in the conflict in the region. -
Declaration This Is to Certify That, the Work Presented in This Thesis
Conflict in the Niger Delta and corporate social responsibility of multinational oil companies: An assessment Item Type Thesis Authors Nwankwo, Beloveth Odochi Citation Nwankwo, B. O. (2017) 'Conflict in the Niger Delta and corporate social responsibility of multinational oil companies: An assessment' PhD thesis, University of Derby. Download date 01/10/2021 18:16:34 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10545/621397 Declaration This is to certify that, the work presented in this thesis embodies my research, the works of other persons have been appropriately acknowledged: the thesis’ originality rests exclusively on the author. Beloveth Odochi Nwankwo i Dedication This thesis is dedicated to Jehovah God, the epitome of my research wisdom and knowledge and to my elder brother and wife, Mr and Mrs Chidi Nwankwo for their moral and financial support throughout my research work. ii Acknowledgements I am forever indebted to Jehovah God Almighty the originator of knowledge, who made my challenges within the period of this research a stepping-stone. I am overwhelmingly grateful to my director of studies, Professor Robert Hudson for his invaluable commitment and contribution to the success of this thesis. I see my research as a classical one to have your name associated with my thesis. I am proud to benefit from your invaluable experience and encouragements. I remember when I embarked on this research, you encouraged me to do my best and that my writing style would greatly improve over the research period. Thank you for teaching me critical thinking and writing. I dedicate my five journal articles, published during my research to you, for not only editing but ensuring that they were publishable.