DOCSLIB.ORG

Communal Land Tenure a Social Anthropological Study in Laos

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Communal Land Tenure a Social Anthropological Study in Laos Universidad de Murcia Escuela Internacional de Doctorado Communal Land Tenure A Social Anthropological Study in Laos Tierras Comunales Un Estudio socioantropológico en Laos Luck Bounmixay 2015 Communal Land Tenure A Social Anthropological Study in Laos Tierras Comunales Un Estudio socioantropológico en Laos Luck Bounmixay A Thesis Submitted in Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Social Anthropology Faculty of Philosophy, University of Murcia, Spain Thesis Advisor: Prof. Dr. Klaus Schriewer Co-Thesis Advisor: Dr. Salvador Cayuela Sánchez May 2015 ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT To my experience, doing a doctoral research is like travelling a tough journey. For times, I have felt as if I am in the dark on my own and found it hard to see way out but many people have patiently shaded me light making it possible for me to continue. This journey though is tough is a pleasant one so I would like to forward my gratitude thanks to those who helped me in carrying out my study. I would first like to express my deepest gratitude to Prof. Dr. Klaus Schriewer, my research supervisor, for his patient guidance over the time of my research. He has generously assisted me on various academic issues, from introducing writing structure to patiently commending on countless drafts until the final one. His constructive critiques and enthusiastic encouragement made me eager to continue my work whenever I struggle. My sincere gratitite also goes to Dr. Salvador Cayuela Sánchez who is a co-adviser with Schriewer. May I offer special thanks to Kirsten Ever Anderson, a volunteer supervisor. She gives me intellectual support, from introducing me to various readings and sharing with me related perspectives on the project and supporting me in writing. I am also grateful to the governmental representatives from LMA, LFNC, AFO, PAO, and LMA in central, province and districts (Viengxay, Sopbao and Xum-Nue) of Houaphan for their support with the data collection during my field visists. The village leaders, villagers, and families of both Hmong and Tai Daeng where my field research took place allowed me to explore their real life experiences and were wonderful hosts while I stayed in their villages and homes. Thank you very much. I wish to acknowledge the opportunity given to me by international NGOS (LIWG, SNV and GRET, IFAD) to learn from their project work through attending their discussions/workshops and visits to villages. Finally, without scholarship, it would be impossible for me to self-finance my study in Spain so I am particularly grateful for the support from Erasmus Mundas. Thank you iii the staff from the Department of Philosophy as well as International Relations staff from the University of Murcia for all their assistance. At last but not the least, I wish to thank all my former colleagues and friends especially James Ma and Guiiermo Martin Martinez for their contribution to my research. Thank you my family members especially my parents, siblings, husband and son for always lightening up my darkest day and encouraging me throughout my journey. Again, it is only with all the mentioned support that I was able to complete this doctorate thesis. I am indebted to them most for giving me incredible strengths and abilities. I dedicate this thesis to them. Thank you! iv LIST OF ABREVIATIONS ADB Asian Development Bank ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations BHPG Bamboo Handicraft Producer Groups CANSA Conservation Agriculture Network for South East Asia CDE Centre for Development and Environment CFSVA Comprehensive Food Security and Vulnerability Analysis CFSVA Comprehensive Food Security and Vulnerability Analysis DGRV Cooperative Federation for German Cooperatives CLTs Communal Land Titles CPRs Commom Pool Resources CPI Consumer Price Index DLMA District Land Management Authority DoL Department of Land EMCNA Ethnic Minorities Committee of the National Assembly FAO Food and Agriculture Organization FDI Foreign Direct Investment FDI Foreign Direct Investment GDG Gender Development Groups GDP Gross Development Products GoL Government of Laos GRET Bamboo Development Project GRID Gender Resource and Development Centre GTZ Lao-German Land Policy Development Project HDI Human Development Index HDI Human Development Index ID Identy IFAD International Fund or Agricultural Development IRD Institut de Recherche pour le Développement land LA Land Allocation Lao PDR Lao People's Democratic Repbublic LDC Leased Developed Countries v LFNC Lao Front for National Construction LFNC Lao Front for National Construction LIWGs Land Issues Working Groups LMA Land Management Authority LSUAFRP Lao Swedish Upland Agriculture and Forestry Research Programme LUP Land Use Planning MAF Ministry of Agrculture and Forestry MDG Millenium Development Goals MDG Millennium Development Goal MIC Ministry of Information and Culture MONRE Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment MPI Minister of Planning and Investment NA National Assembly NAFRI National Forestry Research Institute NLMA National Land Management Authority NLRRIC Natural Land and Resources Research and Information Center NRE Natural Resource and Environment NSEDP National Social-Economic Development Plan NT2 Nam Theun 2 Hydroelectric Project NTFPs Non-timber forest products NUOL National University of Laos ONDA Oversea Development Assistance PAFO Province Agriculture and Forestry Office PAO Provincial Administrative Office PLUP Participatory Agriculture and Forest Land Use Planning PONRE Province Office of Natural Resources and Environment PPA Participatory Poverty Assessment R&R Rules and Regulations REDD Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation SNV Netherland Development Agency SUFORD Sustainable Forest Management for Rural Development vi UN United Nations UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNODC United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime VECO Vredeseilanden VFA Village Forestry Association VFMP Village Forest Management Plan VLUs Village Land Units VPF Village Production Forest VUF Village Use Forest WFP World Food Program WWF World Wide Fund vii TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iii LIST OF ABREVIATIONS v INTRODUCTION 1 CHAPTER I. OBJECTIVES OF THE RESEARCH 9 CHAPTER II. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK 11 1. Theory on common property 11 2. Life-mode analysis 22 CHAPTER III. STATE OF THE ART 30 1. Geography, seasons and climate, natural resources and economy 30 2. State and political system 33 3. Ethnic groups 36 3.1. Hmong 42 3.2. Tai Daeng 48 4. Poverty issues 50 5. Forest and land use 62 6. Two modes of agricultural production and Government policy on 65 eradication of shifting cultivation 6.1. Shifting cultivation and rain-fed upland swidden (hed hai) 66 6.2. Irrigated agriculture or irrigated rice production (hed na) 81 7. Implementation of different initiatives by the government on land use 89 planning and land allocation (LUP LA) 7.1. Implementation of Forest and Land Law 90 7.2. Land use planning and land allocation (LUP LA) 90 7.3. Participatory land use planning and land allocation (PLUP LA): a 92 new version of LUP LA 7.4. Handbook and toolbox for PLUP 93 7.5. Legal land documents 95 8. Foreign direct investment (FDI) 98 8.1. Concession 98 vi 8.2. Contract farming 114 8.3. Farmer cooperatives 119 9. Land use issue in some Asian countries 121 10. Perception towards communal land tenure and customary tenure in 132 Houaphan CHAPTER IV. RESEARCH METHODOLOGIES 135 CHAPTER V. PRESENTATION OF FIELD WORK FINDINGS 156 1. Houaphan province 156 1.1. General introduction 156 1.2. The landscape 160 1.3. Legal status and traditional use of communal land tenure 164 1.4. Legal forest and land management 167 1.5. Interrelations between official administrations and informal 176 institutions in the use of common property 2. Communal land and rice production 187 2.1. The villages’ statutes and internal rules on communal property 187 management 2.2. Determination of villagers as right holders 191 2.3. Arrangement of tenure in communal paddy land in the lowlands 197 2.4. Terminology that Tai Daeng and Hmong used to describe communal 199 paddy land 2.5. Sharing communal paddy land (din na louam) of Tai Daeng 202 2.6. Circle of annual sharing communal paddy land of Tai Daeng 213 2.7. Sharing of communal paddy land of Hmong 215 2.8. Sharing of land in the uplands 221 2.9. Sharing responsibility 224 2.10. Cultivation of agricultural rice crops in paddy land in the lowlands 236 (hed na) 2.11. Seasonal rights to CPR within paddy land tenure 248 2.12. Shifting cultivation or rice production in the upland (hed hai) 250 2.13. Claims in land in the lowlands and uplands as part of CPR 259 3. An analysis of communal property resources (CPR) 275 vii 4. Non-timber forest products (NTFPs) 280 5. Access to social and economic connections 303 6. Tax/land use fee collection 312 7. Free-riding 314 8. Conflict and conflict resolution 316 9. Communal land registration process 329 10. Pilot communal/collective land title (CLT) 334 CONCLUSION 354 REFERENCES 357 A LIST OF CHARTS Chart 1. Percentage of Poverty Evidence by Ethnic Language Categories 52 Chart 2. Conditions of rice land distribution in a Tai ‘‘Daeng village 212 applied to the family X with six labors (producers and consumers) A LIST OF FIGURE Figure 1. Political structure of Department of Land (DoL) 35 Figure 2. Presenation of the Bureaucratic Process as a Requirement from 138 the Government to carry out Field Study in Laos Figure 3. An illustration of making fence for rotational rice production and 231 animal grazing land in Hmong village in a three year period, 2009, 2010 and 2011 Figure 4. Conflict resolution in visited Hmong and Tai Daeng villages 328 A LIST OF MAPS Map 1. Map of the Lao PDR 29 Map 2. Seventy-two districts identified by the Lao government as poor 55 Map 3. Administrative map of Houaphan province 153 LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Eight principles for a CPR situation 14 Table 2.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • GMS Regional Investment Framework Pipeline
    The Regional Investment Framework (RIF) puts into operation the new Greater Mekong Subregion Economic Program Strategic Framework (GMS-SF) (2012–2022) that was approved at the 4th Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) Summit in December 2011. The RIF translates the strategic directions of the GMS-SF into a pipeline of investment and technical assistance projects for the third decade of the GMS Program, from 2013 to 2022. The RIF covers a wide range of sectors including transport, energy, environment, agriculture, human resource development, information and communication technology, tourism, transport and trade facilitation, and urban development. As a comprehensive, forward-looking and strategic framework, the RIF embodies the collective aspiration of the GMS countries to expand and deepen their cooperation program in the coming Greater Mekong Subregion decade. The RIF will also remain a living framework that will be regularly reviewed and updated to maintain its relevance and responsiveness as a planning tool for subregional initiatives in an ever- dynamic GMS. Economic Cooperation Program Regional Investment Framework Pipeline of Potential Projects (2013–2022) Vientiane, Lao People’s Democratic Republic 10-11 December 2013 Greater Mekong Subregion Economic Cooperation Program Regional Investment Framework Pipeline of Potential Projects (2013–2022) Vientiane, Lao People’s Democratic Republic 10-11 December 2013 Contents | iii © 2013 Asian Development Bank How to reach us: GMS Secretariat Southeast Asia Department Asian Development Bank Fax: +63 2 636 2226 E-mail: [email protected] Web address: http://www.adb.org/countries/gms/main Contents Abbreviations . iv Transport . 1 Energy . 29 Agriculture . 41 Environment . 47 Human Resource Development . 55 Urban Development .
    [Show full text]
  • Simulation of Supply/Demand Balance
    The Study on Power Network System Master Plan in Lao PDR Draft Final Report (Stage 3) Simulation of Supply/Demand Balance 17.1. Options for Power Development Plan up to 2030 In order to examine supply reliability and supply-demand balance based on the Lao PDR’s development situation, and considering the development status of the country’s power supply facilities and transmission facilities, a simulation is conducted for 2030. Laos’s power system is examined up to 2030 considering the demand situation in the domestic system and the expansion plans for transmission lines. The northern and central 1 areas are put together to form a Laos NC system, the central 2 a Laos C system, and the southern part an S system. Based on the results of the supply/demand balance simulations, we make recommendations for power plant expansion plans and transmission lines, and for interconnections with neighboring countries. Power Development Plan for Laos’ domestic system up to 2030 1. Power plants for analysis of supply/demand balance in Laos In examining the supply/demand balance for domestic demand in Laos up to 2030, we use the power plan approved by the MEM Minister (see Table 17.1-1). Table 17.1-1 Power Development Plan approved by minister of MEM, including existing plants No Power Plant MW Type COD Province Region 1 Nam Dong 1.00 Run of river 1970 Luangprabang NC 2 Nam Ngum 1 155.00 Reservoir 1971 Vientiane Pro NC 3 Nam Ko 1.50 Run of river 1996 Oudomxay NC 4 Nam Luek 60.00 Reservoir 2000 Saysomboun NC 5 Nam Mang 3 40.00 Reservoir 2004 Vientiane Pro
    [Show full text]
  • Laos and Ethnic Minority Cultures: Promoting Heritage Edited by Yves Goudineau
    Laos and Ethnic Minority Cultures: Promoting Heritage Edited by Yves Goudineau UNESCO PUBLISHING MEMORY OF PEOPLES 34_Laos_GB_INT 26/06/03 10:24 Page 1 Laos and Ethnic Minority Cultures 34_Laos_GB_INT 26/06/03 10:24 Page 3 Laos and Ethnic Minority Cultures: Promoting Heritage Edited by YVES GOUDINEAU Memory of Peoples | UNESCO Publishing 34_Laos_GB_INT 7/07/03 11:12 Page 4 The authors are responsible for the choice and the presentation of the facts contained in this book and for the opinions expressed therein, which are not necessarily those of UNESCO and do not commit the Organization. The designations employed and the presentation of material throughout this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNESCO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. UNESCO wishes to express its gratitude to the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs for its support to this publication through the UNESCO/Japan Funds-in-Trust for the Safeguarding and Promotion of Intangible Heritage. Published in 2003 by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization 7, place de Fontenoy F-75352 Paris 07 SP Plate section: Marion Dejean Cartography and drawings: Marina Taurus Composed by La Mise en page Printed by Imprimerie Leclerc, Abbeville, France ISBN 92-3-103891-5 © UNESCO 2003 Printed in France 34_Laos_GB_INT 26/06/03 10:24 Page 5 5 Foreword YVES GOUDINEAU It is quite clear to every observer that Laos owes part of its cultural wealth to the unique diversity which resides in the bosom of the different populations that have settled on its present territory down the ages, bringing with them a mix of languages, beliefs and aesthetic traditions.
    [Show full text]
  • Lao People’S Democratic Republic: Greater Mekong Subregion Tourism Infrastructure for Inclusive Growth Project
    Initial Environmental Examination __________________________________________ April 2014 Lao People’s Democratic Republic: Greater Mekong Subregion Tourism Infrastructure for Inclusive Growth Project Oudomxay, Luang Prabang and Khammouane Provinces Prepared by the Ministry of Information, Culture and Tourism, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, for the Asian Development Bank CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (January 2014) Currency Unit – kip K R1.00 = $0.00012 $1.00 = K8,300 ABBREVIATIONS DOH - Department of Heritage DAF - Department of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries EA - environmental assessment EIA - environment impact assessment ECC - environmental compliance certificate ECO - environmental control officer EMP - environment monitoring plan ESIA - environment and social impact assessment EA - executing agency GMS - Greater Mekong Subregion IA - implementing agency IEE - initial environmental examination IUCN - International Union for Conservation of Nature Lao PDR - Lao People’s Democratic Republic LWU - Lao Women’s Union MAF - Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries MICT - Ministry of Information, Culture and Tourism MOF - Ministry of Finance MONRE - Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment MPWT - Ministry of Public Works and Transport MRC - Mekong River Commission NBSAP - National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan NPA - national protected area O&M - operation and maintenance PIU - project implementation unit PCU - project coordination unit PPP - public-private partnership REA - rapid environment assessment TSS - total suspended solids UXO - unexploded ordnance WREA - Water Resources and Environment Agency WEIGHTS AND MEASURES km: kilometer kg: kilogram ha: hectare mm: millimeter NOTES In this report, "$" refers to US dollars unless otherwise stated. This initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature.
    [Show full text]
  • Initial Environmental Examination for Houayxay and Luang Namtha
    Initial Environmental Examination August 2015 Lao PDR: Second Greater Mekong Subregion Corridor Towns Development Project Prepared by Ministry of Public Works and Transport for the Asian Development Bank. CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 17 August 2015) Currency unit – kip (K) K1.00 = $0.00012 $1.00 = K8199.50 ABBREVIATIONS DAF - Department of Agriculture, Forestry, And Fisheries EA - Environmental Assessment EIA - Environment Impact Assessment ECC - Environmental Compliance Certificate EMP - Environment Monitoring Plan ESIA - Environment And Social Impact Assessment EA - Executing Agency GMS - Greater Mekong Subregion IA - Implementing Agency IEE - Initial Environmental Examination IUCN - International Union For Conservation Of Nature Lao PDR - Lao People’s Democratic Republic LWU - Lao Women’s Union MAF - Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry And Fisheries MOF - Ministry of Finance MONRE - Ministry of Natural Resources And Environment MPWT - Ministry of Public Works And Transport MRC - Mekong River Commission NBSAP - National Biodiversity Strategy And Action Plan NPA - National Protected Area O&M - Operation And Maintenance PIU - Project Implementation Unit PPP - Public-Private Partnership REA - Rapid Environment Assessment TSS - Total Suspended Solids UXO - Unexploded Ordnance WREA - Water Resources And Environment Agency WEIGHTS AND MEASURES km: kilometer kg: kilogram ha: hectare mm: millimeter NOTES (i) The fiscal year (FY) of the Government of the Lao People’s Democratic Republic ends on 30 September. “FY” before a calendar year denotes the year in which the fiscal year ends, e.g., FY2015 ends on 30 September 2015. (ii) In this report, “$” refers to US dollars This combined initial environmental examination and environmental management plans is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature.
    [Show full text]
  • Destination Management Plan Paek, Khoun and Kham Districts Xieng
    Destination Management Plan For Paek, Khoun and Kham Districts Xieng Khouang Province Lao PDR November 2016 Table of Contents 1. Introduction………………………………………………………………………..3 2. Destination Management……………………………………………………3 3. Destination Management Network…………………………………….4 4. Tourism Sector State of Play……………………………………………….6 5. Key Issues and Opportunities……………………………………………..12 5. Action Plan………………………………………………………………………….14 2 1. Introduction This is the Destination Management Plan (DMP) for Paek, Khoun and Kham Districts within Xieng Khouang Province, Lao PDR. It contains an Action Plan aimed at improving these Districts as destinations for domestic, regional and international visitors. The DMP actions have been discussed and agreed by the Destination Management Network (DMN). This group will oversee implementation of the DMP. The DMN represents government, private sector and community stakeholders. Preparation of the DMP was funded by the NZ – Lao Tourism Activity Support Project (2015 – 2020). The DMP is in two parts. The first part provides background information on Destination Management, the DMN and the current state of play of tourism in Xieng Khouang. The second part presents the DMP Action Plan. 2. Destination Management The main aim of the DMP is to encourage more collaboration between stakeholders. Destination Management involves the Community, Visitor Industry and Government working together to improve destinations. Because the tourism sector is so complex, it requires a lot of stakeholder collaboration to achieve sustainable outcomes. Each group – Community, Government and the Visitor Industry – has their own priorities. The best way to manage a destination is to first understand the priorities of each group. Then it is easier to bring the groups together to explore areas that they can work on collectively (Figure 1).
    [Show full text]
  • Trade Development Facility Scoping Study on Trade,Food Production,And Service Sector Linkages in Luang Prabang
    Final Report 19 August 2011 TRADE DEVELOPMENT FACILITY SCOPING STUDY ON TRADE, FOOD PRODUCTION, AND SERVICE SECTOR LINKAGES IN LUANG PRABANG DRAFT FINAL REPORT 19 AUGUST 2011 PREPARED FOR THE WORLD BANK AND TRADE PROMOTION AND PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT MINISTRY OF INDUSTRY AND COMMERCE VIENTIANE, LAO PDR 1 Final Report 19 August 2011 Preface The Scoping Study on Trade, Food Production, and Service Sector Linkages in Luang Prabang was financed by the Trade Development Facility, a multi-donor trust fund to support trade and investment, and the Lao Ministry of Industry and Commerce, and administered by the World Bank. The Study was undertaken by Anthony M. Zola, a consultant to the World Bank in February and March 2011. The Scoping Study presents a description of the current situation related to food production, food trade, and food safety in Luang Prabang Province and the importing of food products from neighboring countries. The reader is advised that the momentum of development of tourism and investments in the hospitality industry in Luang Prabang Province is highly dynamic and is changing almost daily. Thus, the report captures the situation as it existed during the first half of 2011. The mission received significant support from the World Bank Mission in Vientiane, Lao PDR, the Trade Promotion and Product Development Department, Ministry of Industry and Commerce, and provincial and district officials in Luang Prabang Province. Numerous chefs, hotel and restaurant managers, food traders and representatives of the business community in Luang Prabang also were very generous with their time. Administrative arrangements, travel logistics, and appointments with the numerous people contacted in the course of the assignment were all handled with expertise by the staff at the World Bank Mission, Trade Promotion and Product Development Department, and the Provincial Industry and Commerce Office.
    [Show full text]
  • 2-5. the Outlook for Cotton Production and Its Ecological Aptitudes in the Lao P.D.R
    2-5. The Outlook for Cotton Production and its Ecological Aptitudes in the Lao P.D.R. Mitsuru SONOE Summary This report aims at elucidating the present situation of cotton production in Lao P.D.R. (herein after referred to as Laos) and proposing an outlook for the development of cotton production by ecologically adaptive ways. In Laos, indigenous cotton varieties have traditionally been grown not for supplying industrial material, but for self-consumption by households. Traditional cotton varieties grown in Laos are fāi nō֊i and fāi tūn, belonging to the tree cotton family (Gossypium arboretum); fāi nyai, belonging to the upland cotton family (G. hirsutum); and fāi chan, a variety of sea-island cotton (G. barbadense). Fāi tūn has light brown fibres. While fāi nō֊i is the main variety of cotton produced in Laos with comparatively high potential, production of other varieties must increase to make fine yarn as industrial material. Therefore, it should be necessary to increase production of other cotton varieties for this purpose. At the present time, there are two centres of cotton production in Laos: around Luang Phabang, the mountainous area of the northern region, and Savannakhet–Champasak in the Mekong Corridor of the central region. Furthermore, agro-ecology in these two regions is clearly differentiated. In the north, fāi nō֊i has been cultivated chiefly in slash-and-burn fields on slopes, while in the central region, fāi nō֊i is cultivated at the back of paddy fields in the rainy season and fāi nyai at river terraces in the dry season.
    [Show full text]
  • Power System Development Plan for Lao Pdr
    Power System Development Plan for Lao PDR FINAL REPORT Volume A : Main Report August 2004 * POWER SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT PLAN FOR LAO PDR Prepared for Lao People’s Democratic Republic Ministry of Industry & Handicrafts Department of Electricity World Bank FINAL REPORT VOLUME A: MAIN REPORT Prepared by Maunsell Limited* in association with Lahmeyer GmbH 47 George Street, Newmarket PO Box 4241, Auckland New Zealand August 2004 * formerly known as Meritec Limited POWER SECTOR DEVELOPMENT PLAN FOR LAO PDR (August 2004) LIST OF DOCUMENTS VOLUME A : MAIN REPORT Volume B : Annexes Volume C : Project Catalogue TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Background .................................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Demand Forecast........................................................................................................................... 1 1.2.1 Domestic Market ..................................................................................................................... 1 1.2.2 Export Market.......................................................................................................................... 3 1.3 Project Evaluation .......................................................................................................................... 4 1.3.1 Evaluation Methodology..........................................................................................................4
    [Show full text]
  • From Landlocked to Land-Linked: Unlocking the Potential of Lao-China Rail Connectivity © World Bank.”
    Kunming CHINA Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized LAOS FROM LANDLOCKED TO LAND-LINKED Vientiane Public Disclosure Authorized UNLOCKING THE POTENTIAL OF LAO-CHINA RAIL CONNECTIVITY THAILAND Public Disclosure Authorized Bangkok © 2020 The World Bank 1818 H Street NW, Washington DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000; Internet: www.worldbank.org Some rights reserved This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of The World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Rights and Permissions The material in this work is subject to copyright. Because The World Bank encourages dissemination of its knowledge, this work may be reproduced, in whole or in part, for non- commercial purposes as long as full attribution to this work is given. Attribution—Please cite the work as follows: From Landlocked to Land-Linked: Unlocking the Potential of Lao-China Rail Connectivity © World Bank.” All queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to World Bank Publications, The World Bank Group, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; fax: 202-522-2625; e-mail: [email protected]. From Landlocked to Land-Linked: Unlocking the Potential of Lao-China Rail Connectivity FROM LANDLOCKED TO LAND-LINKED UNLOCKING THE POTENTIAL OF LAO-CHINA RAIL CONNECTIVITY Advisory Services and Analytics (P168595) Lao People’s Democratic Republic East Asia and Pacific TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE 6 Acknowledgements PAGE 7 Abbreviations PAGE 8 Executive Summary Chapter 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Global Environment Facility (GEF) Operations
    Climate Smart Agriculture alternatives for upland production systems in Lao PDR Part I: Project Information GEF ID 10187 Project Type FSP Type of Trust Fund LDCF CBIT/NGI CBIT No NGI No Project Title Climate Smart Agriculture alternatives for upland production systems in Lao PDR Countries Lao PDR Agency(ies) FAO Other Executing Partner(s) Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (MAF) Executing Partner Type Government GEF Focal Area Climate Change Taxonomy Climate Change Adaptation, Climate Change, Focal Areas, Climate information, Private sector, Community- based adaptation, Mainstreaming adaptation, Least Developed Countries, Livelihoods, Innovation, Climate resilience, Adaptation Tech Transfer, Ecosystem-based Adaptation, Influencing models, Stakeholders, Gender Equality, Capacity, Knowledge and Research Rio Markers Climate Change Mitigation Climate Change Mitigation 1 Climate Change Adaptation Climate Change Adaptation 2 Submission Date 4/5/2019 Expected Implementation Start 7/1/2021 Expected Completion Date 6/30/2026 Duration 60In Months Agency Fee($) 332,782.00 A. FOCAL/NON-FOCAL AREA ELEMENTS Objectives/Programs Focal Area Trust GEF Co-Fin Outcomes Fund Amount($) Amount($) CCA-1 Outcome 1.1: LDC 2,452,078.00 8,500,000.00 Technologies and F innovative solutions piloted or deployed to reduce climate-related risks and/ or enhance resilience Outcome 1.2: Innovative financial instruments and investment models enabled or introduced to enhance climate resilience CCA-2 Outcome 2.1: LDC 1,050,890.00 6,500,000.00 Strengthened cross- F sectoral mechanisms to mainstream climate adaptation and resilience Total Project Cost($) 3,502,968.00 15,000,000.00 B. Project description summary Project Objective To enhance resilience of vulnerable upland communities to climate change impacts through climate-smart agricultural practices in upland production systems.
    [Show full text]
  • Project Classification 2005
    Structural project Large scale structural project National Project (Joint Project) Large CNP-001 Conservation of fish habitat in the Tonle Sap Great Lake and in the upper Mekong in Cambodia CNP-002 Integrated Water Resource Management forMekong Dolphin Conservation CNP-003 Tourism infrastructure and eco-tourism investment plan in the North East Region Small-Scale Hydropower Development Project along the Stream in Prek Te, Prek Kampi, Prek CNP-004 Chlong, Prek Chrey Maing, and Prek Odambal CNP-005 River Bank Protection Project of the Mekong river bank in the Provincial Town CNP-006 Development of Hydropower Project for the Lower Se San II CNP-007 Development of Hydropower Project for the Lower Sre Pok II CNP-008 Development of Small-Scale Hydropower Projects in Srok Siem Bok, Srok Steung Treng and Srok CNP-009 River Bank Protection Project of the Mekong river bank CNP-010 Improvement of Domestic Water Supply in the Province CNP-011 River Bank Protection Project of the Lor Peouv River CNP-012 Community-based Natural Resources Management Project CNP-013 Lowland and Highland Region Poverty Alleviation and Agricultural Development Project CNP-014 Community-based Natural Resources Management Project CNP-015 Integrate Watershed Management of Stung Siemreap sub-catchments Birds and Man – Finding the Balance Between Irrigation, Eco-Tourism and Biodiversity in CNP-016 Trapeang Thmar Reservoir CNP-017 Tonle Sap Floodplain Management Project CNP-018 Integrated Soil, Water and Agriculture Development Project CNP-019 Future Power – Studying Northwest Cambodia’s Electricity Development Options CNP-020 Human Resource Development and Watershed Management CNP-021 Development of Integrated Agriculture CNP-022 Watershed Management CNP-023 Protection and management of flood from Thai border and irrigated agriculture CNP-024 Management of Flood from Tonle Sap and Irrigation CNP-025 Management of Rainfall and Irrigation CNP-026 Establishment and Capacity Strengthening of Provincial Committee on Tonle Sap Sub-area Works.
    [Show full text]