Legend
Old Spanish • • • •' Nat iona l Historic Trail __ Santa Fe N ational H istoric Trail El Camino Real d e Tierra Adentro National Historic Trail Route 66 Corridor T~e Antiquities Act was enacted in prescribed for offenders. It provided Between 1906 and 1916, the number of Q State Capitol J e 1906. This Act came about as a for a federal permitting process by national monuments across America was re ult of increasing concern over which all archeological research pro dramatically increasing-Congress d mage done to American Indian posed on public lands would first be needed an agency to manage them and the a cestral sites by pot hunters and subject to professional review and growing number of national park units that vandals on public lands; mainly in the approval by the government. The law were being designated by individual Southwestern United States, including also authorized the President of the congressional legislation. On August 25, New Mexico. United States to create 11 national monu 1916, they created an agency- the National ments" on public lands deemed of spe Park Service, under the Department of the During the late 19'h and early 2o•h cial historical or scientific significance Interior, and mandated in its Organic Act centuries, professional archeological that needed permanent protection and that it was to "promote and regulate the use organizations and government officials preservation. of the federal areas known as national had begun to seek a means to halt this parks, monuments, and reservations, 11 and destructive activity. However, they had Most national monuments in America was also to "conserve the scenery and the no specific statutory authority by which have been established by presidential natural and historic objects and the wild life to bring looters of archeological sites proclamation under the Antiquities Act therein and to provide for the enjoyment of to justice. of 1906, but Congress also has the the same in such manner and by such authority to establish them. National means as will leave them unimpaired for the Beginning in 1900, legislation to pro monuments that have been established enjoyment of future generations" tect the sites and sensitive objects was in New Mexico include the following (Organic Act, 16 U.S.C. 1). introduced several times in Congress (those established by Congress are before its successful passage in 1906. marked w ith an asterisk): Aztec Ruins; Today, the National Park Service preserves Archeologist Edgar L. Hewett, based in Bandelier; Capulin Mountain (now 388 highly significant and unique places, Santa Fe, New Mexico, was one of the Capulin Volcano); Carlsbad Cave (now and provides all Americans with countless leading proponents of the Act, prepar Carlsbad Caverns National Park); diverse opportunities to experience, learn ing its final wording, and energetically Chaco Canyon (now Chaco Culture from, and enjoy our country's unique lobbying for its passage. ational Historic Park); El Morro; El natural and human history-which is pre Malpai *· Fort Union*; Gila Cliff cisely what Congress had in mind when it The ntiquities Act included a crimi nal Dwellinos; Gran Quivira (now Salinas established the Organic Act in 1916. ptovi ion outlawing pot huntin and Pueblo .\ f issions); Pecos (now Pecos other de tructive activitie of ance tral >: arional Historical Park)*; Petroglyph*; sites on the public lands, with penaltie and \X'hite Sands.
NPS Photo NPS Photo Aztec Ruins, built and occupied by Thirteenth-century Ancestral Puebloan Mammoths, giant bison, and short-faced Established to preserve Carlsbad Cavern Chaco Culture National Historical Park Although el Malpais is Spanish for Ancestral Puebloan people over a 200-year dwellings dot the rugged, canyon-slashed bears witnessed the first tremblings of the and numerous other caves within a preserves one of America's most significant "badlands, 11 El Malpais National period, preserves an extended and planned slopes of the Pajarito Plateau. The Bandelier earth and firework-like explosions of Pe mian-age fossil reef, Carlsbad Caverns and fascinating cultural and historic areas. Monument holds many wonderful community containing a variety of struc National Monument terrain is challenging, molten rock thousands of feet into the air. Na ·onal Park contains 110 known caves, Chaco Canyon was a major center of surprises. Lava flows, cinder cones, tures. Included are several large, multi-story the scenery spectacular, with elevations Approximately 60,000 years ago, a rain of including Lechuguilla Cave- the nation's Ancestral Puebloan culture between A.O. pressure ridges, complex lava tube systems, ranging from 5,000 to 10,000 feet, and lush, cooling cinders and four lava flows formed deepest limestone cave, at 1,567 feet (478m) 850 and 1250. It was a hub of ceremony, and other volcanic features dominate the public buildings ("great houses"), many trade, and administration for the entire pre mysterious and rugged El Malpais land smaller residential structures, ceremonial narrow canyons that alternate with weep Capulin Volcano, a nearly perfectly shaped and its fourth longest. The Big Room of historic Four Corners area-unlike anything scape. kivas, remnants of linear "roadways;' and ing mesa-top vistas. Cliff-side dwellings cinder cone rising more than 1,200 feet Carlsbad Cavern is one of the world's largest before or since. earthen berms. Thousands of well-pre reflect the will and determination of the above the surrounding landscape. Although an most accessible underground chamber . For more than 10,000 years, people have served artifacts, original wood beams, and a prehistoric people who populated the area. long extinct, Capulin Volcano is dramatic Chaco i remarkable for its monumental interacted with the El Malpais landscape. reconstructed great kiva hint at the lives of evidence of the volcanic processes that Carlsbad Cavern is a sanctuary for approxi public and ceremonial buildings, and its Historic and archeological sites provide these 12th and 13th -century inhabitants. Bandelier also includes over 23,000 acres of shaped northeastern New Mexico. mately 300,000 Mexican free-tailed bats. distinctive architecture. The Chacoan reminders of the past. More than mere designated wilderness. The best-known During the day, they crowd together on the people ingeniously combined pre-planned artifacts, these cultural resources are kept Aztec Ruins National Monument connects archeological sites, located in Frijoles Today, the pine-forested volcano provides ceiling of Bat Cave, where they can be seen architectural designs, astronomical alive by the spiritual and physical presence people of the past with people and tradi Canyon near the park's visitor center, were habitat for mule deer, wild turkey, and black by only a few scientific researchers. At alignments, geometry, landscaping, and of contemporary Indian groups, including engineering to create an ancient urban the Puebloan peoples of Acoma, Laguna tions of today. Many Southwestern inhabited from the A.O. 1100s into the mid- bear. A 2-mile road spiraling to the top of ni~tfall , however, the bats leave the cave in center of spectacular public architecture and Zuni, and also the Ramah Navajo. 1500s, and earlier groups had already used the volcano and paved trails into the crater gigantic swarms. Silhouetted against the American Indians today maintain deep spir one that continues to amaze and inspire us a These tribes continue their ancestral uses of itual ties with this ancestral site through oral the area for thousands of years. The park and around its rim provide opportunities to night sky like a dark, swift-moving cloud, thousand years later. El Malpais, including gathering herbs and tradition, prayer, and ceremony. The site was named for Adolph Bandelier, explore the volcano and enjoy spectacular the bats make their most dramatic display. medicines, paying respect, and renewing offers visitors opportunities to learn about a 19th-century anthropologist. views of the surrounding volcanic land These free-tailed bats are extraordinary Chaco Culture National Historical Park is a ties. these remarkable people and their descen scape. creatures, and are only one of 16 bat species very special place. Remote and isolated, it dants, and to forge connections with the that have been found in the park. offers few amenities, so come prepared. You monument's timeless landscape and stories. will find that the rewards are unlimited.
Visitor information: Visitor information: Visitor information: Visitor information: Visitor information: Visitor information: Phone: 505-334-6174 Phone: 505-672-3861Ext.517 Phone: 505-278-2201 505-785-2232 Phone: 505-786-7014 ext. 221 505-783-4774 www.nps.gov/azru www.nps.gov/band www.nps.gov/cavo www.nps.gov/cave www.np .gov/chcu www.nps.gov/elma Mailing address: Mailing address: Mailing address: Mailing address: Mailing address: Mailing address: 84 County Rd 2900 15 Entrance Road P.O. Box40 3225 National Parks Highway P.O. Box 220 123 E. Roosevelt Aztec, NM 87410 Los Alamos, NM 87544-9508 Capulin, NM 88414 Carlsbad, NM 88220 ageezi, M 87037 Grants, NM 87020 EXPERIENCE YOUR AMERICA Inscription Rock in El Morro National Fort Union was established in 1851 by Gila Cliff Dwellings National Monument Pecos preserves 12,000 years of history, This park protects a variety of cultural and Once, thriving American fudian trade Monument, northwestern New Mexico, Lieutenant Colonel Edwin . Sumner as a offers a glimpse into the homes and lives of including the ancient pueblo of Pecos, two natural resources, including five volcanic communities ofTiwa and Tompiro-speaking bears silent witness to more than 700 years guardian and protector of the Santa Fe Trail. the people of the Mogollon culture who Spanish Colonial Missions, Santa Fe Trail cones, hundreds of archeological sites, and Puebloans inhabited this remote frontier of history. Drawn here by its secluded water During its 40-year history, three different lived in the Gila Wilderness from the 1280s sites, the 20'h-century ranch history of an estimated 20,000 images carved in rock area of central New Mexico. hole, Anasazi, Spanish, and Anglo peoples forts were constructed close together. The through the early 1300s. Today, the park Forked Lightning Ranch, and the site of the by native peoples and early Spanish settlers. marked their passing by carving 2,000 third and final Fort Union was the largest in surroundings probably look very much like Civil War Battle of Glorieta Pass. These images, and associated archeological Early in the 17th century, Spanish Franciscans found the area ripe for their petroglyphs and inscriptions into the sand the American Southwest, and functi ned as they did when the cliff dwellings were sites provide glimpses into a 12,000-year missionary efforts. However, by the late stone bluff. Inscription Rock is a soft sand a military garrison, territorial arsenal and inhabited. The Pecos National Historical Park visitor long story of human life in this area. Many 1670s, the entire "Salinas District;' as the stone monolith, rising 200 feet above the military supply depot for the southwest. center contains exhibits (text in English and images are recognizable as animals, people, Spaniards had named it, was depopulated of valley floor. The park is surrounded by the Gila National Spanish), book sales, and 10-minute intro brands, and crosses; others are more com both Indians and Spaniards. Today, visitors to Fort Union National Forest, and lies in the middle of the Gila ductory film available in English. The park plex, their meanings possibly understood Monument use a self-guiding tour to visit Wilderness, the nation's first designated has a 1.25 mile self-guiding trail through the only by the carver. What remains today are austere yet the second Fort Union and the large wilderness area. This designation means Pecos pueblo and mission ruins. Guided beautiful reminders of this earliest contact impressive ruins of the third. The largest that the wilderness character of the area will tours are available to groups with advance Petroglyph National Monument stretches between Pueblo Indians and Spanish visible network of Santa Fe Trail ruts can be not be altered by the intrusion of roads or reservations. Tours of the Glorieta 17 miles along Albuquerque's West Mesa - Colonials: the ruins of four mission seen here. other evidence of human presence. Battlefield are also available with advance a volcanic basalt escarpment that dominates churches, at Quarai, Ab6, and Gran Quivira; reservations. the city's western horizon. The monument and the partially excavated pueblo of Las is cooperatively managed by the National Humanas, or as it is known today, Park Service and the City of Albuquerque. Gran Quivira. Visitor Information: Visitor Information: Visitor Information: Visitor Information: Phone:505-425-8025 Phone: 505-536-9461 Phone: 505-783-4226 505-757-6414 Visitor Information: www.nps.gov/elmo www.nps.gov/foun www.np .gov/gicl isitor Information: www.nps.gov/peco Phone: 505-899-0205 505-847-2585 www.np .gov/petr www.nps.gov/sapu Mailing address: Mailing address: Mailing address: Mailing address: Route 2, Box 43 P.O. Box 127 HC68, Box 100 P.O. Box418 Mailing address: Watrous, NM 87753 Silver City, M 88061 Mailing address: Ramah, NM 87321 Pecos, NM 87552 6001 Unser Blvd. NW P.O. Box 517 ------~-' l5uquerqu e, 7 Mountainair, NM 87036
Old Santa Fe Trail Building Santa Fe National Historic Trail Old Spanish National Historic Trail National Historic Landmark
Between 1821 and 1880, the Santa Fe Trail was primarily a commercial highway connecting Missouri and Santa Fe, New Mexico. From 1821until1846, it was an international commercial highway used by Mexican and American traders. In 1846, when the Mexican-American War began, the Army of the West followed the Santa Fe NPS Photo NPS Photo Trail to invade New Mexico. When the Thf Palace of the Governors, established in the As the Old Spanish Trail leaves its starting point US Highway 66 (Central Avenue), Treaty of Guadalupe ended the war in 1848, early 17'" century on the Camino Real de Tierra at Abiquiu, New Mexico, it climbs out of the Albuquerque, NM - NPS Photo At the northern end of the Chihuahuan A masterpiece of Spanish-Pueblo-Revival Ad~ntro in Santa Fe, New Mexico. Chama River Valley and begins its long stretch Desert lies a mountain-ringed valley called architecture, and, at 24,000 square feet, the Santa Fe Trail became a national road Ph ' to Credit: Sarah Schlanger, BLM west to southern California. Route 66 was the shortest all-weather the Tularosa Basin. Rising from the heart of possibly the largest known adobe office connecting the United States to tl1e new Photo Credit: Sarah Schlanger, BLM highway between Chicago and Los Angeles. this basin is one of the world's great natural building in the United States, the Old Santa southwest territories. Commercial freighting El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro (Royal wonders- the glistening white sands of New Fe Trail Building is a result of the inspiration along the trail continued, including consid Road of the Interior) National Historic Trail The Old Spanish Trail served as a major Established in 1926, the road carried Mexico's White Sands National Monument. and labors of countless dedicated people. erable military freight hauling to supply recognizes the primary route used for 300 trade route from Santa Fe, New Mexico, to emigrants from the Dust Bowl, WWII sou.thwestern forts. The trail was also used years by travelers between Mexico City and Los Angeles, California, between 1829 and military convoys, vacationers, and others by stagecoach lines, thousands of gold seek Here, great wave-like dunes of gypsum sand This National Historic Landmark was con provincial capitals in New Mexico. It is a 1848. The trail began in northern New moving west to find a better life. A booming have engulfed 275 square miles of desert, structed by Civilian Conservation Corps ers heading to the California and Colorado timeless route of trade, cultural exchange, Mexico and ran some 2,7 00 miles, across economy developed in many New Mexico and have created the world's largest gypsum workers in the late 1930s, specifically to gold fields, adventurers, fur trappers, and and interaction that still affects settlement mountains and deserts in Colorado, Utah, towns, including gas stations, motor courts, dune field. The brilliant white dunes are house National Park Service (NPS) offices. emigrants. and development in the greater American Arizona, and Nevada, before it ended at cafes, and trading posts. The road was ever changing: growing, cresting, then Along with its unique style of architecture In 1880, the Southwest. Mission San Gabriel, on the outskirts of Los officially decomissioned in 1985. slumping -- but always advancing. Slowly and outstanding collections of art, furnish railroad Angeles, California. American Indians, but relentlessly, the sand, driven by strong ings, and fixtures, this building stands as a u reached Part of the National Trails System, this immigrants, sheep ranchers, weavers, mili In 1999, the Route 66 Corridor Preservation southwest winds, covers everything in its monument to, and a source of civic pride Santa Fe, national historic trail extends 404 miles tary groups, explorers and trappers used the Act was passed to create a program that path. Within the extremely harsh environ for, Civilian Conservation Corps alumni. It and Santa Fe from El Paso, Texas, to San Juan Pueblo, Old Spanish Trail during the development of provides financial and technical assistance ment of the dune field, even plants and is a keystone in the administrative history of Trail faded New Mexico. The Bureau of Land the West. to help research and preserve the most animals adapted to desert conditions the National Park Service, and has been the into history. Management and National Park Service are representative and significant resources of struggle to survive. Only a few species of site of many important decisions in NPS charged with joint management of the trail. The Bureau of Land Management and the this historic national highway. plants grow rapidly enough to survive burial history. Today, as from the beginnin , its ational Park Service will administer the by moving dunes, but several types of small occupants continue to direct their energies trail after they complete a Comprehensive Church at San Miguel del Vado in Managem ·nt Plan with the assistance of the animals have evolved a white coloration that toward various facets of park management Old Spanish Trail Association and a variety camouflages them in the gypsum sand. within the region. New Mexico on the Santa Fe Trail. NPS Photo of federal, state, tribal, and local partners. Visitor Information: Visitor information: Visitor Information: Phone: 505-988-6888 i itor Information: Visitor Information: Phone: 505-679-2599 Visitor Information: Phone: 505-988-6888 www.nps.gov/elca Phone: -05-988-6888 Phone: 505-988-6888 www.nps.gov/whsa Phone: 505-988-6888 v.ww.np .gov/safe www.elcaminoreal.org www.np .gov/olsp www.cr.nps.gov/rt66 Mailing address: Mailing address: Mailing address: Mailing address: Mailing address: Mailing address: P.O. Box 1086 P.O. Box 728 P.O. Box728 P.O. Box 728 P.O. Box 728 P.O. Box 728 Santa Fe, NM 87504 Santa Fe, NM 87504 Holloman AFB, NM 88330 Santa Fe, M 87504 ::::~~:=::__ Santa Fe, M 8750_4_ ---~-----S_a_n_ta_F_e_, _N_M_8_7_5_0_4 -·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-~----~-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·------~·-·-·-·-·-·- ·-·-·- ·-·-·- ·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·- ·- ·-·-·- ·- ·-·-·- ·-·-·-·- ·-·-·-·- ·-·-·-·- ·-·- ·-·- ·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·- ·-·-·-·-·- ·- ·-·-·-·- ·-·-·-·-·-·- ·-·-·- ·- ·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·- ·- ·-·-·- ENTRANCE PASS PROGRAMS Questions about your National Parks Pass G OLDEN A GE PASSPORT facilities and services such as camping, of age, and who have a medical determina All four passes admit the pass owner and order? Email: [email protected], swimming, parking, boat launching, and tion and documentation of blindness or any accompanying passengers in a private or call toll free 1-888-GOPARKS. specialized interpretive services. In some permanent disability. The pass also entitles vehicle (any noncommercial vehicle that is NATIONAL PARKS PASS The Golden Age Passport is a lifetime admission and discount pass for citizens or cases where use fees are charged, only the other persons accompanying the owner, being used for private recreational purpos pass owner will be given the 50% price such as a care assistant. es), if a park has a per vehicle entrance fee. The National Parks GOLDEN EAGLE permanent residents of the United States reduction. Where a per person entrance fee is Pass is an annual who are age 62 or older. A Golden Age A Golden Access Passport can only be charged, the passes admit the pass owner, pass that provides For an additional $15, a Golden Eagle Passport must be obtained in person at a The Golden Age Passport is valid at obtained in person at a federal area spouse, children and parents. admission to any sticker may be purchased and affixed to a federal area (National Park Service, Bureau National Park Service, Bureau of Land (National Park Service, Bureau of Land national park charg National Parks Pass to cover entrance fees at of Land Management, Corps of Engineers, Management, Corps of Engineers, Fish and Management, Corps of Engineers, Fish and These passes are nontransferable. The ing an entrance fee. • • • not only national parks, but also at sites Fish and Wildlife Service, and Forest Wildlife Service, and Forest Service sites Wildlife Service, and Forest Service sites), National Parks Pass, Golden Eagle and The pass costs $50 and is valid for one full managed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service sites) where an entrance fee is with admission fees. upon proof of eligibility. Golden Access Passports DO NOT cover year from first use in a park. Service, the U.S. Forest Service, and the charged. The cost of the Golden Age Bureau of Land Management. Golden Eagle Passport is SlO. One must show proof of age or reduce use fees such as charges for camp stickers are available at National Park and residency, uch as a state driver's GOLDEN ACCESS PASSPORT The Golden Access Passport is valid at ing, parking, tours, and concessions. The National Parks Pass can be purchased ::\ational Park Service, Bureau of Land three ways: 1) in any national park where Service, Fish and Wildlife Service, and license, birth certificate, or similar ;..1anagement, Corps of Engineers, Fish and Please note: If your National Parks Pass, an entrance fee is charged, and at participat Bureau of Land Management fee stations. document. The Golden Access Passport is a free, life Wildlife Service, and Forest Service sites Golden Eagle, Golden Age, or Golden ing park book stores operated by cooperat The Golden Eagle hologram is valid until time admission pass issued to U.S. citizens with admission fees. Access passport is lost or stolen there is ing associations; 2) by calling 1-888-GO the expiration of the National Parks Pass to The Golden Age Passport provides a 50% or persons who permanently reside (are which it is affixed. discount on federal use fees charged for domiciled) in the United States, regardless no mechanism for replacement. A new PARKS; 3) online at www.nationalparks.org. pass must be obtained. EXPERI ENCE YOUR A M ERI CA