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National Park Service Santa Fe Trail

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National Park Service Santa Fe Trail S A N J U A N Rio 160 M O G U r a n N d T e Great Sand Dunes A 160 National Park I N and Preserve S S Alamosa PUEBLO 64 84 Blanca Peak N 25 E COLORADO S ID IV NEW MEXICO A D I N 285 r I k L a A n T s A N a BENT’S FORT E A s IN T The Bent brothers and Cerán St. NT Vrain built a commercial trade CO N Walsenburg depot in 1833. It served American T 50 Indians, fur traders, and Trail U travelers for 17 years. 160 COLORADO R iv e N O r M PECOS PUEBLO RATÓN PASS Spanish Peaks Long a trade center for Pueblo U The difficult crossing over Ratón and Plains Indians, this pueblo 64 Pass was a major obstacle to Trail and later Spanish mission were travel. In 1865, entrepreneur Arkansas River Crossing abandoned in 1838, becoming Richens “Uncle Dick” Wootton La Junta only a landmark along the Trail. O eased the journey by building a Bent’s Old Fort Otoll road. Timpas Stage Station National Historic Site T Hole-in-the-Rock 350 Las Animas John Martin Reservoir SANTA FE M S Site 287 This provincial capital of Nuevo I Iron Comanche Méjico was an isolated outpost Spring National Grassland Boggsville New BIG Cimarron Sites:R until the Santa Fe Trail turned it Fort Lyon 385 into a commercial center. Aztec Mill C Baca House TIMBERS 285 Swink’s Gambling Hall Trinidad Hole-in-the-Prairie er Wheeler Peak Riv St. James Hotel Old Fort Lyon Cimarron Plaza and Well MOUNTAIN ROUTE Bent’s New Fort Fisher’s Peak (Ratón Mountain) toire Called the Ratón or Bent's Fort Taos Wootton Ranch Purga E Route during Trail days, it was Cruz Torres Grave longer and more difficult than the Lamar National Monument San Juan Pueblo D Cimarron Route, but considered Bandelier 27 Ratón Pass safer. COLORADO Willow Spring M KANSAS e 50 O nd 64 Santa Fe Sites: ra 84 U G NEW MEXICOE N Santa Fe Plaza Raton National Grassland Old Granada Site T R Comanche A Palace of the Governors Y Clifton House I 83 Fort Marcy Site G Cimarron N KN ARKANSAS RIVER A Granada Rivers were serious obstacles. S io - m R S 25 on Road ROUTE During crossings, injury to people ok C Capulin Volcano Uni A y SANTA FE National Monument Fort r Petroglyph k or animals and damage or loss Rayado a of wagons or cargo were ever- National Monument Santa Fe O 160 n H sa present dangers. ill National Forest R s 21 S Mora R iv 25 El Camino Real Ocate Fort Aubry e de Tierra Adentro Johnson’s Ranch r La Cueva Crossing Springer Aubry Crossing N FORT LARNED Glorieta Pass Sierra Grande From this fort, established in 1859, Pigeon’s Ranch the U.S. Army provided protection ALBUQUERQUE Rock Crossing of the Canadian River I 285 and Glorieta Battlefield for caravans, stagecoaches, and Apache Upper Crossings other Trail travelers. Hermit’s Peak Point of Rocks COLORADO Canyon Fort Union C Indian Mound A Fort HaysHays Pecos National Historical Park I 64 Charlie’s Ruts 40 National Monument M 87 Aubry Cutoff KozlowskP i’s Stage Station and Spring MA e Pilot Knobs Santa Clara Spring RON 287 Chouteau’s Island Lakin c Rive L o r Black Mesa s Wagon Mound Las Vegas ROUTE Rabbit Ears Garden Plaza 25 56 Creek Camp P Watrous Turkey Creek Puerticito de r City 70 Las Vegas e Round Mound Camp Piedra Lumbre (La Junta) M v McNees 50 San Jose del Vado o i Mount Dora Kiowa National Cedar Spring r R W a Crossing and Carrizo Creek alnut Puertocito Road Grassland Camp Nichols 27 Ulysses Point of Rocks Walnut Creek Crossing San Miguel R Pedregosa n i ia e del Vado v Rabbit Ears Tecolote R d Point of Rocks g e iv P e a a d 183 r Starvation Peak FORT UNION r Cold Spring and Autograph Rock Wolf Mountain CIMA 160 w n RR Middle (Cimarron) Spring 156 o Three successive forts were built a O n D (Bernal Hill) e C Cold Spring and Inscription Rock N to protect Trail travelers and to C e 281 S N Upper (Flag) Spring Willow Bar im Middle Crossings Fort ali 84 a ROUTE Cree ne serve as a major military supply Clayton o Boise OKLAHOMArr Battle Ground k depot for the Southwest. rth on City Elkhart Lower (Cimarron) Spring Duncan’s Crossing Watrous Area Sites: River Cimarron Fort Hays- Tiptonville 56 25 83 Santa Fe Trail Ruts R Walnut Creek Crossing Barclay’s Fort Site ive Cimarron r Allison and Booth’s Fort S Watrous Store Middle Crossing R o CIMARRON ROUTE National i l 23 Peacock Ranch Trading Post ve o Sapello Stage Station r This was the shortestGrassland and the Point of Rocks Ash Creek Crossing First Fort Zarah Site m C 56 Sawlog Creek { o Sapello River Crossing a original wagon route between 156 n n The Caches Site Crossing Fort Larned Pawnee Rock a Santa Fe and Missouri. The d National Historic Site easternmost 60 miles offered R i S Fort Atkinson Site i a no reliable water and was called Dodge 50 Second Fort Zarah Site m v 87 n Coon Creek Crossing e La Jornada (The Journey). Middle Crossing City 56 o r Jackson’s te Larned Great Bend k Fort Mann Site Grove and Island ou Ralph’s Ruts y MANHATTAN TEXAS M Fort R Junction City NEW MEXICO u Pawnee Fork Plum Buttes SALINA l Dodge Dry { b Lower 70 e Crossings Gunsight Notch and Ruts r Liberal T r te e ry Crossing u Fort Riley Riv Ro Beach Ranch (Buffalo Bill Mathewson’s) Well Abilene C Wet Coon Creek Battleground r Cow Creek Crossing H A Black Pool Lyons L il Ka 54 i l r ns t as t e l v Council Grove Sites: e i 77 Guymon E R Kaw Mission Jarvis (Chávez) Creek Crossing Neosho River Crossing WET/DRY ROUTES 56 McPherson Oregon- Dalhart R Trail travelers chose between the Hays House (Frame Store)Brown v. Board of CaliforniaEducation “wet route,” which afforded good 50 Station Little Arkansas A Seth Hays Home Trails r 54 grazing and water for large Camp Grierson k Hermit’s Cave National Historic Site a Cottonwood Crossing 75 numbers of stock, and the shorter Little Arkansas Crossings n Durham Last Chance Store G 54 s but water-limited “dry route.” a Conn/Stone/Pioneer Store Stone Corral Site } s Ruts Council Oak KANSAS Rd 1825 Kaw Treaty Site Post Office Oak rt Riley Military Lost Spring Simcock House Fo TOPEKA R Ed Miller iv Pratt e Grave Six Mile Creek HUTCHINSONr Crossing and 287 TEXAS Diamond Fort Leavenworth Stage Station Site RED Spring Council LEAVENWORTH 283 HILLS d Grove a M 56 Wilmington Dragoon Creek Crossing o R i A y Havana Stage Station r s Newton a Fort Scott R lit 281 r i s k Tallgrass Prairie Samuel Hunt Grave i M v o N 6 OKLAHOMA a National Preserve { e 4 u 183 n 50 e Soldier Creek Crossing r 8 73 s 1 r 83 a o i 35 s od s 70 TEXAS o h 335 Cottonw KANSAS o Blue LAWRENCE 135 Switzler Creek Lake Meredith C R Mound M CITY National Recreation Area i 77 iv Crossing i m e l r N i A t Blue Mills/ T a a EmporiaMcGee-Harris Stage Station R H iver THE GREAT PLAINS AND THE R r R Little Blue r E y 56 O r PRAIRIES Until the arrival of WICHITA Simmons Point Stage Station o W OLATHE Westport River Crossing n Europeans, this was the home for 35 Palmyra Well S Fort Osage many American Indian tribes that Rd HILLS is INDEPENDENCE C hunted, farmed, and roamed Mara Black Jack an de Harry S Truman ad across this vast landscape. s Park Ruts ia National Historic Site Lexington n COUNCIL GROVE 35 The 1825 treaty signed here with 75 Lone Elm Campground 24 El Dorado the Osage Indians ensured safe Elm Grove Campground 24 R travel to this “prairie Eden.” Tabo Creek i R v i e Westbound wagon trains gathered Crossing OKLAHOMAv r INDEPENDENCE e here to form larger caravans. Grand Pass Ruts r WESTPORT C Between 1827 and 1856, wagon- yg 54 By 1853, Westport had becomen makers, blacksmiths, and other Harvey Spring/ R e the Trail’s main eastern terminus.s merchants created a bustling iv 71 Weinrich Ruts KANSAS R e The Civil War and the railroad Kansas City Area Sites: industry here to support and r i OKLAHOMA v brought its Trail heyday to an end. Harmon Park Rut outfit Santa Fe Trail, and later 65 35 e Marshall r Shawnee Mission Oregon Trail and California Trail, Moberly Grinter House and Ferry travelers. FLINT 69 Mahaffie Farmstead 60 Westport Landing 70 Neff Tavern Site Harris House Arrow Rock Landing Ewing-Boone Store Arrow Rock Santa Fe Spring FRANKLIN Jim Bridger’s Store {Huston Tavern William Becknell’s successful 1821 Independence Sites: 63 trip made Franklin the first eastern 281 William Bent House Jackson County Courthouse 41 Boone’s Lick Alexander Majors House New Franklin terminus of the international Trail V R Jackson County Log Courthouse trade. Floods in 1826 and 1828 e iv Big Blue River Crossing 50 r e Kritser House d r Archibald Rice Farmhouse 65 contributed to its demise.
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