Early Days at Fort Snelling
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The African American Soldier at Fort Huachuca, Arizona, 1892-1946
University of South Carolina Scholar Commons Faculty Publications Anthropology, Department of 2-2001 The African American Soldier At Fort Huachuca, Arizona, 1892-1946 Steven D. Smith University of South Carolina - Columbia, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/anth_facpub Part of the Anthropology Commons Publication Info Published in 2001. © 2001, University of South Carolina--South Carolina Institute of Archaeology and Anthropology This Book is brought to you by the Anthropology, Department of at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE AFRICAN AMERICAN SOLDIER AT FORT HUACHUCA, ARIZONA, 1892-1946 The U.S Army Fort Huachuca, Arizona, And the Center of Expertise for Preservation of Structures and Buildings U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Seattle District Seattle, Washington THE AFRICAN AMERICAN SOLDIER AT FORT HUACHUCA, ARIZONA, 1892-1946 By Steven D. Smith South Carolina Institute of Archaeology and Anthropology University of South Carolina Prepared For: U.S. Army Fort Huachuca, Arizona And the The Center of Expertise for Preservation of Historic Structures & Buildings, U.S. Army Corps of Engineer, Seattle District Under Contract No. DACW67-00-P-4028 February 2001 ABSTRACT This study examines the history of African American soldiers at Fort Huachuca, Arizona from 1892 until 1946. It was during this period that U.S. Army policy required that African Americans serve in separate military units from white soldiers. All four of the United States Congressionally mandated all-black units were stationed at Fort Huachuca during this period, beginning with the 24th Infantry and following in chronological order; the 9th Cavalry, the 10th Cavalry, and the 25th Infantry. -
Reminiscences of the Early Days of Minnesota, 1851 to 1861
Library of Congress Reminiscences of the early days of Minnesota, 1851 to 1861 / REMINISCENCES OF THE EARLY DAYS OF MINNESOTA, 1851 TO 1861.* * Read at the monthly meeting of the Executive Council, May 12, 1913. BY REV. FRANK C. COOLBAUGH, S. T. D. In the early days of which I speak there was no zealous rivalry, nor even friendly competition, between the Twin Cities. Minneapolis was not yet on the map, and St. Anthony was only a wayside village; while St. Paul had already assumed the form of a thriving and bustling city, of prosperous proportions, with two thousand people or more, the capital of the Territory. Of course there was a town of St. Peter, on the St. Peter river, the would-be rival and competitor for capital honors, but it was of less size, less prospects, and far away from the temporary and permanent head of navigation. For no little time both St. Peter and Minneapolis later strove, with much federal aid and no little misappropriation of money, to become the head of navigation, but all efforts and subsidies proved vain. Nature discountenanced, disfavored, and rendered futile all such artificial efforts. Above the Falls of St. Anthony stretched an unbroken wilderness of prairie and pine forest, trodden only by the foot of the wandering red man. At the confluence of the Mississippi and St. Peter rivers stood Fort Snelling, with its stone walls and frowning batteries, the military guardian of the unbounded West. Opposite to the fort and beneath it, crouched the modest hamlet of Mendota, wherein dwelt that prince of men, Henry Hastings Sibley, whose humble but baronial home yet stands as a memorial of him, the first governor of the state of Minnesota, and at no time less than among the first and foremost of its pioneer citizenry. -
Fort Snelling Hosted One of 16 Officer Training Camps Established at Onset
Summer, 2017 Vol. XXV, No. 3 Fort Snelling hosted one of 16 officer training camps established at onset of World War I at Fort Snelling, 4,000 were accepted, and only about By Todd Adler 2,500 ultimately got commissions. The rest were deemed Todd Adler is an independent researcher and historian deficient in some way, either because they didn’t meas- with a special interest of Fort Snelling. He is on the board ure up to the army’s standards or because the vast num- of directors of the Fort Snelling Foundation and Friends of ber of candidates had to be culled. Many were dropped Fort Snelling. from the program through no serious fault of their own, but because there were too many applicants. When the United States joined WWI in April, 1917, the Candidates had to submit evidence and testimonials at- U.S. Army had just 200,000 personnel. In comparison, testing to their character, loyalty, education, and business Italy had 5.6 million men under arms, France and Great experience. The applications were then reviewed and di- Britain over 8 million, and Germany 11 million. Clearly, vided into A grade and B grade. Even after winnowing out the U.S. had catching up to do. In order to train the mas- a lot of candidates, there were still too many in the A sive number of men needed to fight, the army also grade category for the camp. Candidates came from all needed to recruit and train a new batch of officers to lead over Minnesota, Iowa, Nebraska, North Dakota, South them. -
Taliaferro Portrait : Was It Painted by Catlin?
i Taliaferro Portrait: Was it painted by Catlin? i Rena Neumann Coen FOR NEARLY twenty-five years the Minnesota His newly designated St. Peter's Agency. The young Talia torical Society has owned a rather large and imposing ferro resigned his army commission because Indian portrait of Major Lawrence Tahaferro (1794-1871), agents, although generally chosen from military ranks, United States Indian agent from 1820 to 1839 at the were nevertheless civilians. "The Major," as Taliaferro St. Peter's Agency near Fort Snelling. The painting is was called, assumed his duties at St. Peter's in July, an oil on canvas, measures 55 inches by 48 inches, and 1820, and remained there, with but a few brief inter was presented to the society in 1947 by Taliaferro's ruptions, until his resignation in 1839. For twenty years grandniece and grandnephew, Mrs. Virginia Bonner he was "the most important and influential civil official Pesch and her brother, John F. Bonner. In publica on the upper Mississippi."- For the first seven years tions that reproduce the undated, unsigned painting, his authority extended over the Sioux (Dakota) and the artist usually is referred to as "unknown." > In this Chippewa (Ojibway) tribes of the Upper Mississippi article, the author contends, however, that the por and the Sioux of the St. Peter's (later Minnesota) River trait is the work of George Catlin, the well-known as well. After 1827, Indian Agent Henry R. Schoolcraft painter of Indians. at Sault Ste. Marie had technical jurisdiction over the But let us first consider, briefly, the career of Talia Chippewa of the Mississippi headwaters, but School ferro (pronounced Tol'-li-ver). -
Leavenworth, Kansas, 1827-2004
THE HISTORY OF WEATHER OBSERVING IN LEAVENWORTH, KANSAS, 1827-2004 Including Fort Leavenworth and West Leavenworth General Henry Leavenworth, 1783-1834 From History of Fort Leavenworth 1827-1927 Current as of January 21, 2005 Prepared by: Stephen R. Doty Information Manufacturing Corporation Rocket Center, West Virginia This report was prepared for the Midwestern Regional Climate Center under the auspices of the Climate Database Modernization Program, NOAA's National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, North Carolina Executive Summary Weather observing in the Leavenworth, Kansas, area began in 1827 when the U.S. Army established a post at Fort Leavenworth. Military surgeons recorded observations at the Post Hospital and the Military Prison Hospital until the early 1900’s. Observations were then begun at the Army Airfield in 1926 and they continued through 1996. Meanwhile, Smithsonian Institution observers were recording the weather in Leavenworth beginning in 1857. These volunteer observers were followed by the U.S. Army Signal Service and Weather Bureau observers serving through 1893. Volunteer observers again began to record Leavenworth’s weather. The U.S. Federal Penitentiary was the site of the observations beginning in 1911 continuing through 1946 when Kansas Power and Light assumed the observing role at their generating plant, a role they continued until 1961. Radio station KCLO was the site of the observations from 1961 until 1973. The site moved to the municipal water plant in 1973 where observations continued until 1988. After this time the program moved to a series of individuals, a service that continues to this day. An U.S. Army Signal Service volunteer observer recorded observations in West Leavenworth from 1883 until 1888. -
Soldier Illness and Environment in the War of 1812
The University of Maine DigitalCommons@UMaine Electronic Theses and Dissertations Fogler Library Spring 5-8-2020 "The Men Were Sick of the Place" : Soldier Illness and Environment in the War of 1812 Joseph R. Miller University of Maine, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/etd Part of the Canadian History Commons, Military History Commons, and the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Miller, Joseph R., ""The Men Were Sick of the Place" : Soldier Illness and Environment in the War of 1812" (2020). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 3208. https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/etd/3208 This Open-Access Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@UMaine. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UMaine. For more information, please contact [email protected]. “THE MEN WERE SICK OF THE PLACE”: SOLDIER ILLNESS AND ENVIRONMENT IN THE WAR OF 1812 By Joseph R. Miller B.A. North Georgia University, 2003 M.A. University of Maine, 2012 A DISSERTATION Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy (in History) The Graduate School The University of Maine May 2020 Advisory Committee: Scott W. See, Professor Emeritus of History, Co-advisor Jacques Ferland, Associate Professor of History, Co-advisor Liam Riordan, Professor of History Kathryn Shively, Associate Professor of History, Virginia Commonwealth University James Campbell, Professor of Joint, Air War College, Brigadier General (ret) Michael Robbins, Associate Research Professor of Psychology Copyright 2020 Joseph R. -
Historical Study, Former U.S. Bureau of Mines Property, Twin Cities Research Center
fo07 I D-.;J.'t Historical Study Former U.S. Bureau of Mines Property Twin Cities Research Center Prepared by: Barbara J. Henning Historian RIVERCREST ASSOCIATES 203 North I:!' Street Petersburg. Illinois 62675 & 59 MonteAno Santa Fe, New Mexico 87505 Prepared for: U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Final Report October 2002 ..-.rJ« RETURN TO: TECHNK:AlIlll'ORUATION CENTeR DENVER SElI'IICe CElllER I ~.TIONAl_ SERVICE TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 1. Introduction 1 Description of Project Scope of Work I Boundaries 2 Nomenclature 3 Previous Studies 3 White and White 3 O llendorf and Godrrey 3 Hotopp 4 Clouse 4 Research Methods 5 End Notes 6 2. Context Statement 7 Introduction 7 Camp Coldwater Summer Camp 7 Settlers 8 Traders 9 American Fur Company 9 Benjamin F. Baker iO Reserve Bo undaries II Camp Coldwater Residents II Major Plympton In sists 12 St. Louis Hmc1 13 Franklin Stcc(c 15 George W. Lincoln 17 Conflict Near & Far 18 Department of the Dakota 19 Waterworks System 20 Coldwater Park 23 End of Federal Fort Snelling Era 23 Native Americans & Camp Coldwater 24 Introduction 24 Descriptions of the Area 24 Encampments & Visits 25 Summary 26 End Notes 27 - I - 3. Findings & Recommendations 31 Introduction 31 Significance of Coldwater Spring Site 31 Periods of Use 32 Government Usc 33 Military 33 E nterta i nmen t/Rccreat ion 34 Non-Government Use 34 Ex ploration/Settlement 34 Commerce 35 Integri ty Matters 36 Archeological Remnants 36 Recommended Boundary Change 37 End Notes 37 Bibliography 38 Figures & Plates Fi gure I. -
HISTORY of WEATHER OBSERVATIONS Fort Snelling, Minnesota 1819 - 1892
HISTORY OF WEATHER OBSERVATIONS Fort Snelling, Minnesota 1819 - 1892 December 2005 Prepared by: Gary K. Grice Information Manufacturing Corporation Rocket Center, West Virginia Peter Boulay Minnesota State Climatology Office DNR-Waters St. Paul, Minnesota This report was prepared for the Midwestern Regional Climate Center under the auspices of the Climate Database Modernization Program, NOAA’ National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, North Carolina TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgments ii LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS iii INTRODUCTION Historical Overview 1 Goal of the Study 3 LOCATION OF OBSERVATIONS 4 INSTRUMENTATION Parameters Measured/Observed 8 Instrument Type and Exposure 15 OTHER OBSERVATIONS 25 BIBLIOGRAPHY 26 APPENDIX Methodology 28 i Acknowledgments Previous research by Charles Fisk (Master’s Thesis) and by Tom St. Martin (self-published) was very helpful in developing a time line for this report. Their hard work and excellent research are greatly appreciated. The authors also appreciate the expert advice and assistance provided by the staff of the Minnesota Historical Society. Text, photographs, and particularly staff insights, were invaluable in answering specific questions relevant to Fort Snelling. ii LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Figures 1. Fort Snelling and Surrounding Area 1 2. Location of Fort Snelling 2 3. Topographical Map of Fort Snelling 4 4. Photograph of Fort Snelling (1860s) 5 5. Schematic of Reconstructed Fort Snelling 7 6. Drawing of the Interior of Fort Snelling (1853) 7 7. Observation Form for St. Peter (1820) 8 8. Observation Form for Fort Snelling (1836) 10 9. Observation Form for Fort Snelling (1841) 11 10A&B. Observation Forms for Fort Snelling (1843) 13 11. Observation Form for Fort Snelling (1888) 15 12. -
The Life and Times of Cloud Man a Dakota Leader Faces His Changing World
RAMSEY COUNTY All Under $11,000— The Growing Pains of Two ‘Queen Amies’ A Publication o f the Ramsey County Historical Society Page 25 Spring, 2001 Volume 36, Number 1 The Life and Times of Cloud Man A Dakota Leader Faces His Changing World George Catlin’s painting, titled “Sioux Village, Lake Calhoun, near Fort Snelling.” This is Cloud Man’s village in what is now south Minneapolis as it looked to the artist when he visited Lake Calhoun in the summer of 1836. Smithsonian American Art Museum, Gift of Mrs. Joseph Harrison, Jr. See article beginning on page 4. RAMSEY COUNTY HISTORY Executive Director Priscilla Farnham Editor Virginia Brainard Kunz RAMSEY COUNTY Volume 36, Number 1 Spring, 2001 HISTORICAL SOCIETY BOARD OF DIRECTORS Howard M. Guthmann CONTENTS Chair James Russell 3 Letters President Marlene Marschall 4 A ‘Good Man’ in a Changing World First Vice President Cloud Man, the Dakota Leader, and His Life and Times Ronald J. Zweber Second Vice President Mark Dietrich Richard A. Wilhoit Secretary 25 Growing Up in St. Paul Peter K. Butler All for Under $11,000: ‘Add-ons,’ ‘Deductions’ Treasurer The Growing Pains of Two ‘Queen Annes’ W. Andrew Boss, Peter K. Butler, Norbert Conze- Bob Garland mius, Anne Cowie, Charlotte H. Drake, Joanne A. Englund, Robert F. Garland, John M. Harens, Rod Hill, Judith Frost Lewis, John M. Lindley, George A. Mairs, Marlene Marschall, Richard T. Publication of Ramsey County History is supported in part by a gift from Murphy, Sr., Richard Nicholson, Linda Owen, Clara M. Claussen and Frieda H. Claussen in memory of Henry H. -
FY19 Fort Snelling Site Visit Report
FY19 Fort Snelling Site Visit Report Date: April 18, 2019 Location: Fort Snelling Nat’l Cemetery Dept. Rehab Committee Members: Wilson Spence, Gary Munkholm, Bill Brockberg, Roy Bressler and Dan Tengwall. Dept. Service Officer, Jeremy Wolfsteller. RE: The American Legion Dept. Rehabilitation Committee is tasked with staying engaged with agencies that aid Minnesota veterans. The committee does this by conducting System Worth Saving Site Visits throughout the year. These locations include Sioux Falls, Fargo, St. Cloud and Minneapolis VA Health Care Systems, St. Paul and Fargo Regional Offices, Minneapolis, Hastings, Luverne, Fergus Falls and Silver Bay Veterans Homes. Additional Site Visits are conducted at VA CBOC’s, Vets Centers, and Minnesota nonprofits that serve veterans when the budget allows. Meeting Attendance: Chairman Bill Brockberg, Roy Bressler, Wilson Spence, Gary Munkholm, Dan Tengwall and DSO Jeremy Wolfsteller. Bob Rosen and John Knapp Fort Snelling Nat’l Cemetery Overview: Fort Snelling National Cemetery is located in Minneapolis, Minn. The original Fort Snelling was established in 1805 near the confluence of the Minnesota and Mississippi rivers. However, it was not until 1820 that a permanent post named Fort St. Anthony was constructed under the supervision of Col. Josiah Snelling. Gen. Winfield Scott was so impressed with the conditions at Fort St. Anthony during his first inspection in 1824 that he recommended the installation be renamed Fort Snelling. Its original purpose was to keep peace on the western frontier, but in 1855 as the frontier moved further west, troops were withdrawn from Fort Snelling. With the outbreak of the Civil War, the fort was reopened and functioned as both an assembly ground and training camp for Minnesota volunteers. -
Map of Military Road Markers Pottawatomie County 15 20 8 to Go to the St
Map of Military Road Markers Pottawatomie County 15 20 8 To go to the St. George cutoff turn east on US24 to Black Follow path to marker at Leavenworth County Go west on us highway #24 to St. Marys. Jack Road, turn south for about one mile to 1st Street, turn 39°10’16” N 96°36’42” W 1 left to Lincoln Avenue, turn left, go two blocks north to US24 and Grand Ave. (next to the Kansas State Historical Black Jack Spring. If coming from Manhattan Town Center 21 Eight Mile House marker) across the street from the St. Marys academy. go 7.3 Miles east on US24 to Black Jack Road. Follow path to the bridge that was built in 1998 Leavenworth County Road R 14 (Santa Fe Trail) and Easton 39°11’25” N 96°3’37” W 39°11’30” N 96°25’19” W 39°10’24” N 96°36’32” W Road (K192) 9 39°22’19” N 95°02’36” W 16 22 Continue west on US24 through St. Marys to K63, turn Continue north on Green Valley Road to Junietta Road and Turn around and return to parking lot. Distance walking - 2 right to Durink Street, turn left and it becomes Oregon Trail turn left or west for about four miles ( the road changes to .37 Mile and about ten minutes. Easton, Kansas Road (a gravel road). Continue west on Oregon Trail Road Blue River Road). The marker is on the north side of Blue to Pleasant View Road, turn right, continue west on Oregon From parking lot retrace same route to Fort Riley Blvd. -
Upper Post Flats Affordable Housing, Fort Snelling State Park
July 2013 version (EQB Form) ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT WORKSHEET This Environmental Assessment Worksheet (EAW) form and EAW Guidelines are available at the Environmental Quality Board’s website at: http://www.eqb.state.mn.us/EnvRevGuidanceDocuments.htm. The EAW form provides information about a project that may have the potential for significant environmental effects. The EAW Guidelines provide additional detail and resources for completing the EAW form. Cumulative potential effects can either be addressed under each applicable EAW Item, or can be addresses collectively under EAW Item 19. Note to reviewers: Comments must be submitted to the RGU during the 30-day comment period following notice of the EAW in the EQB Monitor. Comments should address the accuracy and completeness of information, potential impacts that warrant further investigation and the need for an EIS. 1. Project Title Upper Post Flats Affordable Housing, Fort Snelling State Park 2. Proposer: Minnesota Department of Natural 3. RGU: Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Parks and Trails Division Resources, Ecological and Water Resources Contact person: Diane K. Anderson Contact person: Lisa Fay Title: Principal Planner Title: Planner Principal / EAW Project Manager Address: 500 Lafayette Road Address: 500 Lafayette Road City, State, ZIP: St. Paul, MN 55155 City, State, ZIP: St. Paul, MN 55155 Phone: 651-259-5614 Phone: 651-259-5110 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] 4. Required: Discretionary: ☐ EIS Scoping ☐ Citizen petition ☒ Mandatory EAW ☐ RGU discretion ☐Proposer initiated If EAW or EIS is mandatory give EQB rule category subpart number(s) and name(s): Minnesota Rules, part 4410.4300, subpart 19 (residential development).