Wagon Tracks Volume 6 Issue 2 Wagon Tracks Volume 6, Issue 2 (February Article 1 1992)

1992 Wagon Tracks. Volume 6, Issue 2 (February, 1992) Santa Fe Trail Association

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VOLUME 6 FEBRUARY 1992 NUMBER 2

RENDEZVOUS '92 AT TRAIL VISITOR RECORDS LARNED, MAY 28-30 BROKEN IN 1991 THE Santa Fe Trail Center and Fort THE SantaFe Trail enjoyed unprece­ Lamed National Historic Site will co­ dented national publicity in 1991. With host Rendezvous 1992 at Larned, May many fine articles appearing In major 28-30. The theme for this year's bien­ magazines and neWspapers. The four nial event Is "The Plains Indians and National Park Service sites along the the Santa Fe Trail: A Clash of Cul­ Trail reaped the benefits of the ex­ tures." This topic was chosen, In part. panded public awareness about the to fulfill a grand plan designed to focus historic route. a series ofconferences on various cul­ Fort Larned NHS In Kansas had tures associated with the Santa Fe 46.813 visitors, an Increase of 21% Trail. A symposium on Hispanics and over the previous year. Bent's Old Fort the Trail was held at Las Vegas. NM. In NHS In Colorado received 47.170 visi­ August 1990. It Is hoped that someone tors. up 9%. In New Mexico. Fort Union will sponsor a conference in J 994 fo­ National Monument welcomed 22.279 In 1991 members of the Mountain cused on the Anglo-Americans and the visitors. a 31 % growth. and Pecos Na­ Trail. tional Historical Park had 47,1 JJ visi­ Branch Chapter visited the site of Clifton House, famous stage station tors, an Increase of 4%. The Larned Rendezvous. begun by nearthe Canadian River Crossing ofthe the Santa Fe Trail Center In 1980. has It would be Interesting to know how Mountain Route. Shown here, looking been held In each even-n umbered year these figures compare with the records at the small section of standing wall, are since then. The topic for 1992 will of other visitor centers along the Trail. Bob Musselwhite and Gordon and Ar­ explore the Indians and the Trail from If someone will proVide Information lene Sutton. (Photo by Nancy Robertson.) several points of view. The speakers from any museum or historic site and topics include Robert M. Utley, along the route. it will be published In CHAPTERS PLANNING "The Lessons of Solomon's Fork; or, the next WT. It would also be useful to What Neither Side Learned from the know comparative figures for the sales SPECIAL EVENTS Other"; Ronald McCoy. "Leather Jack­ of Trail-related books and other items CHAPTERS are a vital part of SFTA. ets. Padoucas. and Pawnees: His­ in 1991 in relation to the preVious and their programs provide opportuni­ panic-Indian Contact along the Santa year. ties for Trail enthusiasts to see and Fe Trail"; Joseph M. Marshall. "Reac­ ------learn more about the historyofspecific tion to and Affect of Westward Euro­ CORONADO TRAIL GROUP places. A few of these activities. there American Migration on the Plains are likely many more. have been Tribes"; William E. Unrau, "Indians LAUNCHES PUBUCATION brought to the attention of WT. For and illicit Alcohol on the Santa Fe AND PLANS SYMPOSIUM more Information, please contact the Trail"; and Timothy A. Zwink. "The EL VlAJE (the journey) Is the new appropriate officers (see chapter re­ Hancock-Custer Expedition: Peace­ quarterly publication of the Coronado ports In Camp Tales section within). Making or War Provoking." A field trip Trail Association, founded In 1991. On May 3. 1992, the Wet/Dry Routes to the site of the Cheyenne and Sioux t.", The first Issue appeared In January chapter will host a chuckwagon BBQ village which was destroyed by Gen­ 1992. CTA President Donald Blakeslee and special program to help raise eral Hancock In 1867 will be led by is the editor. Because portions of the funds to purchase signs to complete George Elmore. Fort Larned NHS. route of the 1540-1542 Coronado ex­ the markingofthe Wet and Dry routes. Rendezvous '92 will begin on the eve­ pedition were later followed by the On May 29. during the Rendezvous at ning of Thursday. May 28. with a buf­ Santa Fe Trail, SFTA members will Larned. the chapter will dedicate the falo dinner In the quartermaster build­ have a special Interest In this associa­ markers at a special ceremony. ing at Fort Larned NHS and Robert tion and its newsletter. For more Infor­ During June the Heart of the Flint Utley's keynote address. The sessions mation or to join the Coronado Trail Hills chapter will sponsor its annual on Friday and Saturday will be held at Association. please contact Sec. Betty Trail ride. follOWing the route from the the Larned Community Center. with a Romero. Coronado Qulvira Museum. Pawnee Fork near Fort Larned to Friday afternoon reception at the 105 West Lyon. Lyons, KS 67554. Council Grove. and the Missouri River Santa Fe Trail Center and a Saturday A spring symposium of the CTA Is Outfitters chapter will join the lexing­ afternoon field trip to the site of the being planned for sometime In April at ton Bit & Bridle Club trek over the Indian village. New Mexico Highlands University in eastern portion of the Trail. On June All members of SFTA will receive a Las Vegas. Richard Flint Is the coordi­ 29 the Mountain Branch chapter will mailing in the spring with more Infor­ nator. For more Information. please join the National Rifle Association mation and registration forms for the contact him at PO Box 216. Vil­ Mountain Men Rendezvous at the NRA (continued on page 2) lanueva. NM 87583 (505) 421-2515. (continued on page 3) February 1992 1

Published by UNM Digital Repository, 1992 1 Wagon Tracks, Vol. 6 [1992], Iss. 2, Art. 1 , PRESIDENT'S COLUMN the Santa Fe Trail, or who have exhib­ Ited outstanding efforts toward the in­ 1992 promises to be another good terpretation and public appreciation of year for SFTA. The Department of the the Trail, its resources and its history. Interior is interested in assisting 17 Marc Simmons, chairman lorig distance trail associations, in­ David Hutchison chiding SFTA. Some federal legislation Others to be chosen by Simmons has already been enacted to assist in Markell' Committee some aspects of organization and To develop and propose standards for planning. Future legislation is in the discussion stage. Last November the the design, selection, placement. and SFTA sent me to Portland, Oregon, to erection of historical markers relating a week-long seminar on the 17 long to the Santa Fe Trail. based upon standards adopted by SFTA. This com­ distance trails and their relation to the federal government. m ittee Is to select appropriate sites for the markers to propose to the govern­ It was the first time all 17 trails were Site of the 1867 village destroyed by ing board for consideration. represented at a meeting. As things Gen. W. S. Hancock, looking from the John Tarabino, chairman southeast mesa toward the southwest look now, the SFTA will deal with the Dan Sharp mesa. Photo taken during excavation In National Park Service and other fed­ Pauline Fowler eral agencies through our governing 19n. (Photo courtesy of George Elmore.) Michael Duncan board and the committee structure to Others to be chosen by Tarablno implement Joint programs. Members open to all Interested members, will be wishing to serve on committees need conducted prior to the opening of the Membershipand ChapterCommittee to contact me 1mmediatelyfor appoint­ conference. To promote membership in SFTA and ment. Members along the Trail know Its chapters and to oversee the activi­ ties of chapters and report the activi­ what problems need to be solved on the SFTA COMMllTEES local level, and I encourage them to ties to the governing board. contact their local chapter with solu­ PRESIDENT BI1l Pitts has appointed Mark L. Gardner, chairman tions. The chapters will play important the follOWing com mittees to carry on Paul F. Bentrup. co-chairman rolls in the use of these federal funds. the work ofthe Association. Additional Nancy Robertson I am developing a chapter meeting appointments (such as a nomination SylVia Mooney report form to be com pieted and committee) will be made as needed. If Others to be chosen by Gardner mailed after each meeting by the chap­ you have something to be considered Education Committee ter secretary. This will help coordinate by any of the committees, please con­ To consider, propose, initiate, imple­ chapter activities along the Trail and tact the designated chairman. ment, and oversee the educational in the Texas Panhandle where we have Executive Committee programs of SFTA and its chapters. a chapter not physically on the main Carries on the business of SFTA be­ This committee will work closely with Trail. Membership in a chapter, for tween meetings of the full governing the vice-president. .those who reside in the territoryserved board and represents the Association David Hutchison. chairman by one, provides opportunities to par­ in relations with government agencies. Virginia Fisher ticipate in many significant activities. As with all committees, the executive Wm. Y. Chalfant If there Is not a chapter in your area, committee's actions must be formally please consider organizing one. approved by the governing board. WAGON TRACKS is the official publication of the Santa Fe Trail Association, a non-profit The SFTA bylaws, which originally Bill Pitts. chairman organization incorporated under the laws of made no provisions for chapters, are Mark L. Gardner the State ofColorado. Letters and articles are being revised to include the guidelines Ruth Olson welcome. but they become the property of WT under which our ten chapters operate Virginia Fisher and may be edited or abridged at the editor's discretion. All rights reserved. Inquiries can and additional chapters will be organ­ Adrian Bustamante be directed to the appropriate addresses below. Ized. One ofthe rules to be formalized, Wm. Y. Chalfant Annual subscriptions are obtained through a rule that some chapters have hon­ Program Committee membership in the Association, whose dues ored conscientiously and others have are fIXed per calendar year. Checks should be Plans, organizes, and oversees pro­ made payable to the Santa Fe Trail Associa­ been lax about, Is that all members of tion and sent to the.secretary-treasurer. a chapter must be members of SFTA. grams for the biennial symposium and other meetings of SFTA. MemMrshIp Categories Our editor hopes to Include chapter Benefactor $1,000 affiliations in the membership roster Donald C. Hill, chairman Patron $100/year as soon as that is feasible. David Clapsaddle Institutional $25/year David Hutchison Family $15/year The Association's future will be full IndiVIdual $10/year of new and exciting events and pro­ Audit Committee Editor: Leo E. Oliva, RR I, Box 31, Wood­ grams which prove Marc Simmons was Checks the books of the treasurer of ston, KS 67675 right: "The Santa Fe Trail Lives QnI!" SFTA and reports its findings to the President: Bill Pitts, 7811 NE 10th #202, Midwest City, OK 73110 -But Pitts governing board at a formal meeting. Dan Sharp, chairman Vke·Presldent: Mark L Gardner, PO Box Adrian Bustamante 879, Cascade, CO 80809 RENDEZVOUS '92 Secretary-Treasurer: Ruth Olson, Santa Pauline Fowler Fe Trail Center, RR 3, Lamed, KS 67550 (continued from page 1) Awards Committee 1993 Symposium Coordinator: Donald C. Rendezvous. This promlses to be an To Identify and propose the names of Hill, 621 San Juan Ave., La Junta, CO 81050 outstanding program, so make plans persons or organizations who have Publklty Coordinator: Michael E. Pitel, Tano Rd., Rt. 4, Box 240, Santa Fe, NM now to attend. The regular meeting of rendered exceptional service In the 87501 the governing board ofSFTA, which is preservation and/or development of

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Marc Simmons ous good times we had visiting historic torical Society. 1987). Gregory Franzwa places and feel a special loss of a Trail With the passing ofSandra L. Myres. John Tarabino companion. the history of the West has lost a tal­ Timothy A. Zwink Faye Anderson was a lovely person ented contributor. Historic Sites Committee and dear friend who will be sorely missed by her family, companions, MISSOURIINTELUGENCER To develop and propose guidelines and and many friends. In honor of her oversee the development of historic contributions to the work of the SPECIAL EDITION sites related to the Santa Fe Trail. Wet/Dry Routes chapter and the Trail, by Cordeli Tindall Mary Moorehead, chairman an award in memory ofFaye Anderson [Tindall, who made arrangementsjor Wm Y. Chalfant was presented to her daughter, Joan .. "' " the excellent exhibit oj the press on Dan Sharp Forrest, at the chapter meeting on J which the original Intelligencer was Pauline Fowler January 19, 1992, by chapter Presi­ printed (front page Nov. 1991 issue). William Buckles dent Joanne VanCt:>evern. Others to be named by Moorehead is an unpaid volunteer who demon­ strates letter-press printing at the Endowment Committee 1...._R_IC_H_A_RD_W_IL_L1_A_M.....S_1 print shop museum at Arrow Rock, To develop and oversee an endowment by Harry C. Myers MO. Bejore retirement, Tindall was a program for SFTA. The Corazon de los Camlnos chapter journalist and editor oj Missouri Joy Poole, chairman lost a leader and friend in November, Ruralist. Here he tells the story ojthe Wm. Y. Chalfant when Richard Williams (1921-1991) of special edition oj the Intelligencer Ruth Olson Springer, New Mexico, died. Williams which was given to those who registeredjor the recent symposium. PubHcatiODB Committee retired from his engineering firm in Idaho in 1989 and returned to his Please note that copies oj Tindall's To oversee the Association's publica­ jascinating edition are still available.] tion programs. hometown ofSpringer and became the William Buckles. chairman editor of the Springer News Bulletin. A THE September SFTA Symposium In David Clapsaddle true believer In the Santa Fe Trail and our Boonslick Country inspired me to Leo E. Oliva northeastern New Mexico, Williams carry out a project I had been consid­ was responsible for reinvigorating the eringsince my college days in the early Bylaws Committee chapter after a period of inactivity. His 19308: to reproduce an Issue of the To update and revise the Association's Interest in people, their communities, Missouri Intelligencer. This first news­ bylaws and propose changes to the and their daily lives was expressed paper to be published westofSt. Louis, governing board for consideration. with a compassion of one who cares. in the frontier town of Franklin, then Joseph W. Snell, chairman The Santa Fe Trail and the people located across the Missouri River from Joy Poole alongit have, indeed, lost a true friend. the present site of Boonville, began Its Wm. Y. Chalfant historic life In 1819, when the ~smokes Leo E. Oliva I SANDRA L. MYRES I of the wigwam still hovered in the at­ mosphere and the tomahawk and by Marc Simnwns scalpingknife ofthesavage had not yet CHAPTER PLANS Dr. Sandra L. Myres, professor of his­ been replaced by the ax and plow of (continued from page 1) tory at the University of Texas, Arling­ civilization." Whittington Center south of Raton. ton, died in early October 1991. She received her degrees from Texas Tech­ The State Historical Society of Mis­ Everyone Is Invited to participate in nological University and Texas ~hris­ souri, In Colum bla, has microfilm these chapter activities. There are tian University. Among her early books pages available ofthe early-day issues. manybenefits to be derived from mem­ were The Ranch in Spanish Texas and Lacking enough ~body type" to hand­ bership in an SFTA chapter. Although S. D. Myres. Saddlemaker. set four pages, the alternative was to It will not be possible this year, future set selected Items, print proofs to be Later in her career, Dr. Myres be­ issues of the membership roster will put together for modem offset print­ came known for her studies on women attempt to include chapter affiliations Ing. of members. SFTA rules require that in the West. She edited Cavalry Wife: The Diary oj Eveline M. Alexander, With the help of William Lay, of Fay­ aU members of an affiliated chapter ette. appropriate news Items from must be members of SFTA. Strong 1866-1867 (Texas A&M University Press, 1977). She wrote Westering 1819 to 1829 were selected, with em­ chapters are the vital signs ofa strong phasis on Santa Fe Trail related arti­ SFTA. Women (University of New Mexico Press, 1982) and brought out a new cles. The newspaper moved to Fayette in 1826, before Franklin was washed " _F_A_Y_E_A_N_D_ER_S_O_N__ edition of the classic Following the I.... I Drum (University of Nebraska Press, away by the flooding Missouri River. by Clara Goodrich 1984), to which she added the highly Lacking the skills ofearly-day print­ The members ofthe Wet/Dry Routes useful ~Army Wives In the Trans-Mis­ ers, I found I cold hand- set about 2 chapter of SFTA were grieved to lose sissippi West, A Bibliography." At the column inches of type an hour. It was one of their charter members, Faye time of her· death, she left two book a labor oflove and starting in January Anderson, on November 16, 1991. A manuscripts on women incomplete. the job was completed in August. But resident of Lamed (formerly of Ran­ Dr. Myres will be remembered by what a joy to be immersed in the ar­ dall, KS), Mrs. Anderson died after a many SFTA members from the presen­ ticulate writing style of the early edi­ fall and short illness. She was a tire­ tation she made at the inaugural sym­ tors. This was on-the-spot media cov­ less and faithful traveler of the Santa posium in Trinidad, CO, 1986. Her erage of one of the most significant Fe Trail, who deeply appreciated the lecture, entitled ~Women on the Santa eras of our great Western expansion struggles and accomplishments of the Fe Trail," was later published with oth­ movement. historic travelers. As her roommate on ers In the monograph The Santa Fe Content of newspapers of that era many Trail trips, I fondly recall numer- Trail, New Perspectives (Colorado His- was quite different than news coverage

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RESPONSES TO AUTO CLUB Steve Miner provided a copy of a 19208 road guide which listed mileage OF SO. CAL. SIGNS of the National Old Trails Road from Los Angeles to Kansas City, and on to RALPH Hathaway's find of old high­ Washington. D.C. Among the Santa Fe way Signs, marking the "National Old Trail towns listed on the guide were Trails Road" by the Automobile Club of Santa Fe, Las Vegas, and Raton in New Southern California (Nov. 1991 issue, Mexico; Trinidad and LaJunta in Colo­ p. 7), elicited many responses. includ­ rado; Garden City, Dodge City, Great ing one from the Club headquarters in Bend, M~Pherson, and Herington in Los Angeles. Thanks go to Bruce Kansas; and Kansas City and Inde­ Palmer, Lindsborg. KS; Steve Miner, pendence in Missouri. Incidentally. Wichita, KS; Mary Jean Cook, Santa the mileage from Los Angeles to Kan­ Fe, NM; and Mike Pttel, Santa Fe, for sas City was 1,980, and from Santa Fe sending additional materials on this to Kansas City it was 926 miles. subject. Pltel contacted the Club, which sent details. There are a lot of Regarding the photo of the sign smart people in SFTA and If you want found by Hathaway which appeared in the last issue of WT, Miner explained: Cordell nndall during the 1991 Sympo­ the answers to a Trail question, Just let the readers of WT know. "When the new highway system was alum .. Arrow Rock. established the current numbered The So. Cal. Club is an American signs we have today were put up and today. There was little competition and" Automobile Association (AAA) aftlUate the Old Trails Road signs taken down. events In Washington D.C. or London which marked many highways across So the signs which Ralph found were were considered "good copy." The labor the Untted States, beginning in 1914. probably removed in 1927 from what involved in hand-setting local news no The Club continued to erect signs until we know as U.S. 56 (at that time des­ doubt was a factor in limiting area 1956. "Today," according to the or­ Ignated U.S. 50N) and the Auto Club coverage. No obituaries were found .ganlzatlon's newsletter, "about the signs discarded. The particular sign and weddings were Ignored. as well as only Club road signs left to be seen are which is shown in the November 1991 news~ births. Politics were a favored topic. those In collections." The same Issue would have been at the Intersec­ The Native Americans always were letter explains the route marked along tion of U.S. 56 and County Road 443 considered to be "savages" and the the Santa Fe Trail in Kansas. on the Rice/McPherson county line. concept of "Manifest Destiny" was glo­ "One ambitious project began In The Hathaway farm is of course less rified. 1914: sign-posting the National Old than a mile from U.S. 56 and about 27 Advertisements revealed more de­ Trails Route from Los Angeles to Kan­ miles from where this sign was once tails of everyday life on the frontter sas City. Two staffmembers embarked located." than did the news columns. Ware­ on a preliminary expedition in March houses were well stocked with spirits. of that year, spending nine weeks on SFNHT CERTIFICATION as well as gunpowder. buffalo robes, the road charting the route and gath­ feathers, Iron, and salt kettles. The ering pledges for funding. They saw a THE National Park Service continues literate writing style is to be admired need for about 4,000 signs. to certify Santa Fe Trail sites as part of but we can only wish for more detailed "The actual sign-posting began In the National Historic Trail. In Novem­ reporting. For example, when the August, with a crew of three battling ber 1991 the National Frontier Trails steamboat Independence made its first the desert heatand sandstorms to post Center, Independence, MO; some fine trip up the MisSOUri River, extensive the blue-and- white mileage and direc­ Trail ruts on East 93rd St. In Kansas coverage was given to the toasts at the tional Signs, camping out in the wilder­ City (donated by Louis and Topper banquet held for Captain Nelson, but ness along the way. As summer gave Schumacher); and a set of Trail ruts not a clue was offered as to the appear­ way to fall and then winter, the gruel­ near Harmon Park In Prairie Village, ance ofthe boat Itself. Ofcourse, there Ing conditions continued, with rain, KS, received official recognition. were no photographs. Bigcity newspa­ freeZing weather and blizzards often Other SFNHT projects are also going pers were using wood-cuts for illustra­ Interrupting the work. The job was forward. The marking of the auto tour tions but I found none In the Intelli­ completed by July 1915." Additional route of the Trail, which has been gencer. signs were added over the years, and stalled pending approval of the pro­ Copies of tWs special four-page edi­ the National Old" Trails Road was ex­ posed signs by the Federal Highway tion ofthe Missouri Intelligencer may be tended to Washington, D.C. Adminlstratlon, can proceed now that purchased for $2.00 postpaid from Hathaway's experience offinding the approval has been granted (thanks to Cordell Tindall, PO Box 72, Fayette, signs turns out not to be unique. Mary the work of the Kansas Department of MO 65248 or the Friends of Arrow Jean Cook wrote that, during the past Transportation). The markers should Rock, PO Box 124, Arrow Rock, MO summer when she and husband Ed­ be going up in Kansas during the first 65320. ward attended a party "at an address half of 1992 and, with adequate fund­ [Editor's Note: You will probably not several miles out on Old Santa Fe Trail ing and cooperation from other states, find a better way to spend $2.00 in here in Santa Fe," they saw as they the entire route should be marked by late 1993. this lifetime. Thanks to Cordell "drove up to the driveway entrance Tindall's inspiration and the gener­ (having never been to this house be­ A brochure about the SFNHT has ous donation ojphotocopies oj some fore) ... two Auto Club ofS. California been available since last September ojthe early issues ojthe Intelligencer signs tacked to posts on each side of and will be used until a more detailed, by Mel and Mary Cottom oj Manhat­ the entrance." The owner explained full-color brochure can be funded and tan, KS, excerptsjrom this early-day that, when the house was built in the printed. There is a possibility thatcost­ newspaper will be included in WT 19408, "a pile of Auto Club signs had share funds will become available, be­ jrom time to time.] been dug up." ginning Oct. I, 1992, for the develop-

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mentofinterpretation, visitor use. and 800-367-9242. Franzwa's newsletter. Hotel and the Maxwell House in Ci­ resource management ofcertified Trail folio, will be available by subscription marron, NM, (6) Maxwell's Aztec Mill at sUes. For more information contact the only now (it probably costs a lot to Cimarron, (7)the Dorsey Mansion east Branch of Long Distance Trails, Na· move to Tucson these days). ofSpringer, NM, (8) Fort Union, and (9) tlonal Park Service, Southwest Region, To celebrate the relocation, SFTA the Palace of the Governors in Santa PO Box 728, Santa Fe, NM 87504­ Ambassador Paul (Bulldog) Bentrup Fe. For more information, please con­ 0728. revised the words of "Ragtime Cowboy tact the Pueblo County Historical So­ Joe~ (with appropriate apologies to the ciety, 217 S. Grand Ave., Pueblo. CO ADT BILL INTRODUCED author) to ~Ragtime Cowboy Franzwa" 81003. and sent the music and words to Fran­ SENATOR Hank Brown, Colorado, has zwa. Without much persuasion, it Is PAULA MANINI HEADS introduced Senate Bill 1537 to author­ rumored, Bentrup will perform this ize thestudyofthe proposed American melody (so to speak) at the drop of a BACA/BLOOM MUSEUM Discovery Trail for inclusion in the hat (a cowboy hat). by Roberta Cordova National Trails System. The ADT, from PAULA Manini joined the Colorado the Reyes National Seashore near San TRAIL EXHIBIT AT PUEBLO Historical Society staff on October 1, Francisco to the Atlantic shore in Dela­ 1991, as the administrator at theBaca ware, was traveled byaspecial team in by Edward Broadhead House/Bloom House Pioneer Museum 1990-1991. A portion of the proposed [Edward Broadhead is president of in Trinidad, CO, replacing SFTA Vice­ route follows the Santa Fe Trail from the Pueblo County Historical Society President Mark L. Gardner who re­ southeastern Colorado to western Mis­ and a long-time member ofSFTA.j signed from that position. Manini souri. lf accepted into the National PUEBLO, Colorado. is not on the holds a degree in anthropology and Trails System, the ADT will be the first Italian from the UniversityofColorado. coast-to-coast hiking and biking trail original Santa Fe Trail, but it Is on an alternate route which was probably Boulder, where she also worked as a in the nation. Anyone wishing to com­ student assistant at the University's used by many travelers. Fort Pueblo ment on the proposal is invited to con­ museum. She has also done graduate was built in 1842 and abandoned in tact Senator Brown, US Senate, Wash­ work in anthropology and folklore at 1854 when there was an Indian mas­ ington DC 20510-0604. the University of Texas, Austin. sacre there by the Utes. The town of Maninl's background includes both SANTA FE CHRISTMAS IN Pueblo was begun about 1859. The Pueblo CountyHistorical Society museums and folklore. In Austin' she MISSOURI was formed in 1975. We have three worked as a curatorial assistant in the Texas Memorial Museum. She also THE National Frontier Trails Center activities for the public. We meet for dinner and a talk on a historical sub­ served as coordinator of "Apprentice­ in Independence, MO. featured a ships in the Folk Arts," a program of Southwest-style Christmas exhibit ject on the second Thursday of each month, except for July and August Texas Folklife Resources, a non-profit during December. Colorful pinatas, organization dedicated to preservation Poinsettias, luminarlas, and exampies when we take one or two-day exploring trips in the region. We publish Pueblo and presentation of Texas folk arts. of Spanish and Mexican Christmas The topic of her thesis was the Saint decorations filled the exhibit space. A Lore which has been Issued monthly since 1977 and carries research arti­ Joseph's Day Table tradition. She con­ highlight of the artifacts was a hand­ tinues to work on the project, ~ltalian­ made chocolate pot ofcopper and iron cles as well as society news. We now have a research library and a museum Americans in the West," sponsored by that was used 150 years ago in Santa the American folkllfe center at the Li­ Fe. It was loaned by Dr. and Mrs. Ward in the lower level of the historic Vail Hotel (built in 1910). This includes a brary ofCongress. In 1990 this project Mingo of Corrales, NM, well-known focused on Pueblo, Colorado, where collectors of Santa Fe Uems. saddle collection of 17 saddl~s all made in Pueblo by Gallup. Frazier, or Maninijoined otherfolklorists to docu­ A display of southwestern weaving Flynn. We also have a railroad display ment the traditions of Pueblo Italians. ~Two entitled Grey Hills and Other made up offurniture, a telegraph desk, Manini Is eager to document the Places~ will continue at the Center un· and many artifacts of the railroad, Saint Joseph's Day Table tradition in til March 9. Drawn from four collectors most of the items from the Durango Trinidad, where ethnic Catholics. in­ in the Kansas City area, the weavings and Silverton line. cluding Hispanic, Slovenian. Sicilian. '. illustrate NavajO patterns from the Ga­ and non-Sicilian Italians have adopted nado, Two Grey Hills, and Crystal ar­ One ofour members, William Steigel. is an artist and has created some the folk religious practice. Manlnl eas. Visitors have enjoyed learning speaks both Spanish and italian and about the western end ofthe Trail. The beautlful oil paintings of historical sig­ nificance. He has portrayed in accu­ looks forward to studying other forms next exhibit will be about famllies on of folklore which contribute to Trini· the overland trails. rate color and design nine sites along the Santa Fe Trail. These are currently dad's living heritage. on display at our museum at the Vail FRANZWA MOVES PRESS Hotel and will probably be on view for BCCC PROGRAMS GREGORY Franzwa has moved him­ several more weeks. Steigel visited BARTON CountyCommunityCollege, self and his Patrice Press from the far each of the sites and has obtained Great Bend, KS. is sponsoring three eastern end of the Trail at St. Louis to photographs of them before executing programs in the spring of 1992: two the far western end at Tucson. He his paintings. Everyone who comes to field trips and an Elderhostel. On April seems to be none the less for wear after or near Pueblo is invited to enjoy these 11-12 is a tour, ~TraveUng the Trail: his moving experience. and he prom­ fine pieces of art. Washita Battle Site, Cheyenne, Okla­ ises to keep publishing Santa Fe Trail The Trail sites portrayed are (1) a homa." On May 27-28, Just prior to materials. The new address for Patrice staging area at Independence, MO. (2) Rendezvous '92 at Lamed, Is ~Travel­ Press is 1810 West Grand Rd, Suite Dodge City, KS, (3) Bent's Old Fort, ing the Trail: Wet & Dry Routes." For 108. Tucson AZ 85745, and the phone (4)Uncle Dick Wootton's toll gate site further information or to enroll contact order number remains the same: 1- at Raton Pass, CO. (5) the St. James Elaine Simmons. BCCC. RR 3 Box

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136Z, Great Bend, KS 67530 (316) Anyone with historical Information Just about every Indian tribe of the 792-2701. about any of these communities or Great Plains. The company's influence The Elderhostel program, MSoldler other locations around Wagon Mound stretched from the Dakotas to Mexico. Towns: Forts on the Kansas Frontier," Is invited to contact the Coraron de los "In 1850, St. Vrain withdrewfrom the Is scheduled for May 17-23. For more Caminos chapter, leRoy leDoux, PO trading business to concentrate on his information contact Elderhostel, 75 Box 94, Wagon Mound, NM 87752. vast New Mexico real estate holding.cJ. Federal 51., Boston, MA 02110-1941 That year he ran for lieutenant gover­ 51: VRAIN REMEMBERED nor of New Mexico as the head of a WAGON MOUND NAMES MIGUEL Duran's request for more party opposing statehood for the terri­ by LeRoy LeDoux recognltlon for Ceran st. Vrain (Nov. tory, but was defeated. - 1991 Issue) brought responses that St. "In 1855, as Lt. Colonel, St. Vrain led {LeRoy LeDoux, a resident of Wagon Vrain has not been forgotten in some New Mexico volunteers accompanying Mound, is a charter member of SFTA places. Jim Mundie, a new member of a U.S. Army expedition that subdued and president of the Corazon de los SFTA from Houston, TX, sent a recent the Ute and JlcartllaApache tribes. Kit Caminos chaptfJ".] copy ofthe newsletter (General Orders) Carson, a close friend, served as a THE village that Is now Wagon Mound of the Houston Civil War Round Table guide to St. Vrain's force and was lav­ was first settled in the early 18608 by which includes an overview of St. ish in praise-of St. Vrain's leadership. pobladores (settlers) trekking across Vrain's life, written by Bruce AUerdlce, That same year, St. Vrain removed the Sangre de Cristo Mountains from and tells where St. Vrain's remains from Taos to Mora, and erected the the west. These sojourners were seek­ were buried (with a photograph of the town's first flour mill; a decade laterhe ing lands to settle and a place to raise gravestone). AUerdlce's article is repro­ was supplying the anny with flour and their children. duced here. beef worth as much as $20,000 a Santa Fe Trail pioneers in the 18608 "On a knoll overlooking the town of month. were also on the move, coming from Mora, New Mexico, stands a headstone "At the start of the CMl War, New the war-tom East and looking for a marking the final resting place of one Mexico was rife with Southern sympa­ newbeginningin theWest. After cross­ of the early West's true heroes-a thizers and secessionists. St. Vrain Ing Raton Pass, the settlers observed famed mountain man, a close associ­ and Carson personally raised the U.S. in the southern distance a giant vol­ ate of Kit Carson, a man of the West flag in the town ofTaos to help overawe canic rock which resembled a covered who was drawn Into the war between the local Southerners. The U.S. Army Conestoga wagon. As they approached the North and South, becoming a colo­ was soon forced to withdrawitsregular the rock atop a big mound, they no­ nel in the Union army-Ceran de st. troops from the territory to help with ticed the lush green grass and the Vrain. Its battles in the East. The citizens abundant water supply in the area. "Ceran de Hault de Lassus de St. were compelled to organize for defense They adopted the name Wagon Mound Vrain was born May 5, 1802, near St. against both Confederate and Indian for the region. Louis, Missouri, In what was then attacks. Meanwhile, the sOjourners from French territory. His father was Jac­ "St. Vrain, with his great experience across the mountains had named the ques Marcellln Ceran de Hault de Las­ commanding the early Apache expedi­ area EI OJo de Santa Clara (The Eye of sus de St. Vrain, a French noble and tion and his great influence among SaInt Clare) in honor of their patron naval officerwho left France at the time both peons and Indians, .was the logi­ saint. The spring near Wagon Mound of the French Revolution; he died in cal choice to head the volunteers. In had been called Santa Clara Spring by 1818. St. Vrain was raised primarilyby June 1861, he was commissioned a Santa Fe Trail travelers for many a St. Louis merchant, Bernard Pratte, colonel by the territorial governor to years. Sr. raise a force thatwould laterbe formed Instead of deciding between the two "In 1824, St. Vrain traveled to New into the First New Mexico Volunteers. names, the residents chose a third: Mexico with goods supplied by Pratte, "He accepted the post, although both Pinkertonl Believe It or not, that was arriving In Taos in March 1825. After he and Carson expressed to the War the name selected for the community another trading trip, he stayed in the Department their grave doubts that in 1880. After several years of using West. Over the next two years, he led the volunteers would stand up in bat· the name Pinkerton for their town, the an expedition Into what Is nowArizona tle to Texas Confederates. The regi­ residents said "No more Pinkerton. and Colorado, trapping beaver and ment, based at Fort Union, was organ­ Nunca mast Porfavor/" trading with the local Indians. Ized as infantry, with Kit Carson as Its Another problem was that there was "By 1830, St. Vrain entered Into a Lt. Colonel. Carson's biographers sug­ already another Santa Clara in New business partnership with Charles gest that the plan all along was for Mexico Territory, and the Pinkerton Bent. Bent, St. Vrain and Company, Carson to be the executive head of the citizens did not want any more prob­ soon displaced its competltors and be­ regiment, with the older St. Vrain lems. They wanted only their own came the leading trading house in the merely a titular leader. name. They held another election, and West. Its fur trade alone, up to$40,000 "In any event, St. Vrain resigned his Wagon Mound was voted in as the annually, ranked behind only John colonel's commission, due to ill health, official name of this proud village on Jacob Astor's American Fur Company. September 30, 1861. 'Nearing sixty, the Santa Fe Trail. The firm built several trading posts, weighing 200 pounds, apoplectic and Today Wagon Mound Is known as the Including the famous Bent's Fort, in a high liver, [St. Vrain) rested upon his greatest of many landmarks on the what Is now southern Colorado, which Indian campaigns of the Fifties and SantaFe Trail, between Independence, soon became a mecca for the trappers, upon his strong personal influence; MO, and Santa Fe, NM. In the Wagon Indians, immigrants and soldiers of also upon munitioning the Commis­ Mound area, large populations of set­ the frontier. sarydepartment with wheat flour at 10 tlers once occupied many villages: La "St. Vrain kept a home in Taos, but to 15 cents the pound, and meal at 8 Armenta, Optlmo, Levy, Nolan, EI spent much of his time at Bent's Fort to 11 cents the pound, from his mill in Cartzo, and La Canada de Tata Vegue. and other trading posts, trading with Mora' (Sabin, Kit Carson Days).

6 February 1992

https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/wagon_tracks/vol6/iss2/1 6 : Wagon Tracks. Volume 6, Issue 2 (February, 1992)

"Carson led the regiment against meet at Lyons, ten miles west ofLong­ authenticity and thatofother purport­ Sibley's Texas Confederates at the bat­ mont and continue as a single St. ed JOSiah Gregg Images. Fulton.wrote tle ofValverde In 1862. The raw troops Vrain Creek for about 25 mUes east under "Sources and Obligations" at held their ground, but other New Mex­ before joining the South Platte River the end of the second volume of his Ico volunteers fled before the Texans' near Platteville. Fort St. Vrain Nuclear Greggwork that "Several pictures exist assault, and the Southerners gained Plant, 15 miles northeast ofLongmont, that are termed Josiah Gregg's, but I the field. St. Vrain, from Mora, spent operated for about 13 years prior to am compelled to be a doubting Tho­ the balance of the war seiling beef, 1986. It Is now being decommissioned mas still, even with reference to the flour and beaver skins to the army. and there have been suggestions that one which appears opposite page 14 In "After the war, Col. St. Vrain lived In It continue In the future. powered by a this volume. The Greggs looked alike; Mora untU his death on October 28, different energy source. they used and reused the name 1870. Two thousand people(3% ofNew "Just a few mUes north of the St. JOSiah, especially after 'Uncle Josiah Mexico's population) attended his fu­ Vrain Nuclear Plant are the ruins of wrote his book and became otherwise neral. Married four times, he left a Fort St. :-'Vraln on the South Platte notable."3 Indeed, a comparison ofthe chUd by each wife. River, established In 1837 as the two published Gregg portraits reveals northernmost post of the trading em­ some similarities (famlly charac­ "To reach Colonel 51. Vrain's teristics?), but there are enough con­ graveslte In Mora, New Mexico, turn pire ofBent, St. Vrain and Co. This was four years after the company set up trasts thatone mightconclude thatthe south off Mora's main street, at the two are separate individuals. sign reading 'Mora 1.5.0., and proceed Bent's Fort near present La Junta, a short distance past two school build­ Colorado. Fort St. Vrain was managed Unable to provide a portrait ofGregg 1ngs on the right. At this point, the byCeran's younger brother, Marcellin. "above suspicion," Fulton Instead gave road becomes dirt; continue on It past A DAR marker was erected on the site a description of the trail-traveling the ball field on the right (located be­ In 1911 by the local chapter. writer written by John Bigelow, the hind the second school structure) and "The Longmont telephone directory man who had helped editGregg's origi­ then stop just beyond the ball field shows some 25 businesses, schools, nal manuscript for Commerce oj the where the dirt road turns sharply right and other civic entities bearing the St. Prairies: "I found Mr. Gregg to be at· at the intersection with a barbed wire Vrain name, Including the St. Vrain that time (1844) a man about forty fence. Historical Society. No, Ceran St. Vrain years of age and about five feet ten Inches In height, though from the mea­ "Col. St. Vrain's grave Is In the ex­ Is certainly not forgotten In our area, gerness ofhis figure lookingsomewhat tremely small St. Vrain family ceme­ even by non-scholars, and it has been taller; he had a fine head and an intel­ tery located atop the large knoll that a pleasure to Inform you of this fact." lectual cast of countenance and tem­ can be seen In the distance some 300 With thanks to those who re­ perament, though his mouth and the paces beyond this barbed wire fence, sponded, WT will welcome additional lower part of his face showed that he just past a privately owned pasture. Information about the life and career enjoyed to but a limited extent the His headstone, with a cross at the top, ofSt. Vrain as well as efforts previously refining Influence of civilization. He bears the words 'Ceran St. Vrain. Died made orpresentlyunderconsideration had fine blue eyes and an honest, al­ Oct. 28, 1870 In the 68 year ofhis age.' to honor the memory ofthlssignificant Trail pioneer. though not a cheerful, expression, "Interestingly, located by Itself just due, as I afterwards learned, to chronic outside the chain link fence that sur­ dyspepsia. He was withal very shy and rounds the St. Vrain Cemetery, Is the HAS ANYONE SEEN as modest as a schoolgirl...4 grave of Union Brevet Brigadier Gen­ JOSIAH GREGG? eral George Washington Cole, who was Bigelow's reminiscence Is undoubt­ the brother offamous California Sena: by Mark L. Gardner edly the best published description of Gregg we have by a contemporary. A tor Cornelius Cole. The grave Is cov­ [Gardner is a charter memberojSFTA ered with rocks and has a V.A. marker little over a year ago, however, this and currently serves as vice-presi­ writer came across material In the Na­ reading 'Col. Geo. W. Cole 2 U.S.C. dent. He is ajreqilent contributor to Cav.'" tional Archives which supplements BI­ WT.} gelow's description and adds to our Today, given the obscure location of WHAT did the author of Commerce oj knowledge of Gregg's appearance. St. Vrain's grave site, which your edi­ the Prairies really look like? His classic That material Is the U.S. State Depart­ '. tor and Bonita have been privileged to account of the Santa Fe Trall trade, ment's registers of passport applica­ visit, It surely deserves easier access first published In 1844, now brings tions for the 18308 and 408. According and better upkeep. Perhaps an SFTA upwards of $2,000 In the first edition, to the registers, Josiah Gregg applied chapter or the Mora Historical Preser­ but his face we may never know with. for passports tWice, once In 1839 • vation organization can adopt that as any certainty. At least two portraits (along with his brother John Gregg) a project. This, of course, Is not the Identified as being Josiah Gregg have and again In 1846. The first applica­ kind of recognition being sought for been published. One, a drawing taken tion was made through Archibald Yell, the deserving St. Vrain. But there Is from a photograph of an "old da­ then the U.S. Representative from Ar­ more. guerreotype," appears In WilHam E. kansas, and the second Gregg appar­ SFTA member Mary C. Gorman, Connepey's Doniphan's Expedition ently sent directly to Secretary ofState Longmont, Colorado, pointed out that (1907). The other Is a copy of a da­ people may not be looking In the right guerreotype thatwas In the possession ~~~u~~ch~::f~:o~:~~~d~~:~ places to find appropriate honors. The of Mrs. Antoinette Hardwlcke In 1944 registers contain interesting details as area of northern Colorado, she wrote and was believed to have been taken to the personal appearance of the ap­ to the descendants of St. Vrain, "Is In New York a century earlier.2 plicants. replete with names honoring your an­ Maurice Garland Fulton used it as Josiah Gregg's passport application cestor." an illustration for his two-volume for 1839, dated January 16, gave his "Briefly, there are the North, Middle, work, Diary and Letters oj Josiah age as 32 and his height as five feet, and South St. Vrain creeks, which Gregg, yet he questioned the portrait's eleven and one-half Inches. His fore-

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Published by UNM Digital Repository, 1992 7 Wagon Tracks, Vol. 6 [1992], Iss. 2, Art. 1

head was described as Mrather promM 4. Quoted In ibid., II, 387. officiated at the setting of the End of and his eyes as blue. He has a MregularM 5. Registerof PassportApp!lcatlons, Nov. 14, 1834-May the Trail monument on the plaza in nose, ditto for the mouth, brown hair, 8, 1843, p. 62, National Archives Microfilm Publica­ Santa Fe In 1911. Maria Brace Kim­ M tion M1371, roB 1; and Index to Passport Applica­ and a Mregular face. On May I, 1846, tions, May 11, 1843-Sepl30, 1846, p. 26, NA Micro­ ball, wife of an army surgeon, wrote a the date ofGregg's second application, film M1371, roll 2, frame 67. biography about her husband, A Sol­ his age was 40. His height had re­ 6. Ibid. dier-Doctor ofOurArmy (1917). mained the same and his forehead, 7. Register of Passport Applications, Nov. 14, 1834, Nettie Miller Ten Eyck, who joined in still sunnounted by brown locks, was 1834-May 8, 1843, p. 62, NA Microfilm M1371, roR 1. 1921, researched and wrote about the again described as Mrather prominent.M emancipation of women. Mary Hurt Josiah's nose, mouth, and face were all 8. See also Paul Horgan, Josiah Gregg and his Vision M of the Esrly West (New York: Farrar Straus GirOUx. Van Stone became a member in 1929 Mregular but his chinwas described as 1979). and later wrote Spanish Folk Songs of prominent. No remarks for his chin New MexI.co and Los Pastores. Marian had been recorded in the 1839 appli­ Meyer was Invited to join in 1986 and cation. His complexion in 1846, which has contributed to the reputation of also had not beenjndlcated In 1839, the Fifteen Club with her outstanding was listed as Mfair. Mary Donolw: New First Lady of the Although one wishes that the de­ Santa Fe TraQ (1991) and this lively scriptions In the applications were CONVERSE OF THE centennial history. more elaborate, the details provided of • • • • • Gregg's appearance compare favorably PRAIRIES with Bigelow's reminiscence. Consid­ Walter D. Yoder, Two TraUs to Santa Fe ering Maurice Fulton's comment that -BOOK NOTICESs-- and the Landofthe Pueblos. Albuquer­ Mthe Greggs looked alike.Mit might also que: Walter D. Yoder, 1991. Pp. v + . 110. DIus., maps, suggested readings. be interestingto give the description of Marian Meyer, santa Fe's Fifteen Club: his brother's appearance as recorded Paper, $10.95 (five or more copies, A Century ofLiterary Women. Santa Fe: $7.00), plus $3.00 shipping for 1-6 in the 1839 application. John Gregg, Fifteen Club, 1991. Pp. 84. lllus., ap­ copies or $4.00 for 7 or more. Order 39 years old at the time, was listed as pendices, bibliog., index. Paper, $7.00, from Walter D. Yoder, 8417 Capulin being five feet, ten and a half inches plus $1.50 shipping. Order from Mar­ tall, just one inch shorter than his NE, Albuquerque, NM 87109. ian Meyer, 2327 Old Arroyo Chamisa, M younger brother. Like Josiah, John Santa Fe, NM 87505. This is a Mmulticultural activitybook had a rather prominent forehead and Marian Meyer is a member of the orworkbookabout the Pueblo Indians, blue eyes. The other features were also Fifteen Club, a literarysociety founded the Camino Real (or Chihuahua Trail), Identical with one small exception: in­ in 1891 by some of the Anglo pioneer and the Santa Fe Trail, designed for stead of having his brother's brown women of Santa Fe. It is the oldest grade levels five and six. Almost half hair, John's was described Mchestnut the book Is devoted to the Santa Fe brown.M7- woman's club in New Mexico. This cen­ tennial celebration includes biogra­ Trail, with emphasis on the New Mex­ It is possible, especially with the re­ phies of80 ofthe'164 members dUring ico portion. There are many questions newed interest in the Santa Fe Trail, the last 100 years and 19 photo­ asked but few clues to possible an­ that an authenticated photographic graphs. Students of women in the swers (except a list ofanswers to all the likeneSs or painted portrait of Josiah Southwest will find these vignettes, questions at the end of the section). Gregg may surface at a future date; or like everything Marian Meyer writes, to The only recommended readings on perhaps one or both of the supposed be carefully crafted and infonnative. the Trail are four adult books. There are a few glaringerrors: Brigadier Gen­ portraits will eventually be proven be­ Most ofthe early members arrived in yond question to be the Josiah Gregg. eral Stephen Watts Kearny Is mistak­ Santa Fe after the railroad reached enly identified as "Capt. Robert Kear­ Until that time, however, Trailscholars there in 1880. Their motto bas been may have to satisfy their curiositywith ney" (p. 19); Juan de Onate Is identi­ MFor Question and Research." One ap­ fied as MOrnate" (p. 91); neither Henry the slim details given above and, of pendix lists all the members; another course, with Gregg's book. Readers of H. Sibley nor Edward Canby were pre­ Indicates the programs of the Club sent at the battle of Glorieta Pass in his Commerce ofthe Prairies will surely over the century. One of the founding agree that the personality and Intelli­ 1862 (p. 91); and the U.S. Cavalry is members, Mary Houghton Harroun, called the MCalvary" (p. 107). gence reflected in Gregg's words paint collected Hispanic folk talesand trans­ a picture of the author that is not too lated them into English. The members There are many missed opportuni­ difficult to conjure up in one's imagi­ considered all types of literature and ties in this book designed for children. nation. Indeed, perhaps that is the A couple of examples must suffice. An 8 culture as their domain, and several of most favorable portrait of all. them became writers. Esther Bradley illustration of the DAR statue of the Thomas, one of the founders, wrote "Madonna ofthe Trail" is accompanied NOTES "FollOWing the Trail," a romanticized by five lines of text and only one ques­ tion: MWhat do you think this statue is 1. William E. ConneDey, Doriiphan'S Expedition andthe account of her own journey over the Conquest of New Mexico and California (Kansas Santa Fe Trail by stagecoach in 1874. made of?" (p. 23). This could have been City, Mo.: Bryant & Douglass Book and Stationery Mary Beardsley Prince. another of used to Investigate the role of pioneer Co., 1907), 162. This portrait, as it appeared in the the founding members, was the wife of women. A page devoted to the buffalo above work, was used as an iDustration lor Josiah emphasiZes that these animals "were Gregg, Commerce of the Prairies, ed. by Max L New Mexico Territorial Governor L. Moorhead (Nonnan: University of·Oklahoma Press, Bradford Prince. She was New Mexico often killed wastefully by the people on 1954), frontispiece. regent of the DAR when the Santa Fe the Santa Fe Trail." Except for food and 2. This image was reproduced in the second volume of Trail was marked by that organization. shelter, no other uses of these super­ Josiah Gregg, Diary & Lensrs of Josiah Gregg, ed. markets ofthe Plains Indians are men­ by Maurice Garland Fulton, 2 vols. (Norman: Univer­ She traveled to Colorado to select the gray granite for New Mexico's markers, tioned. The only question is "How sity of Oklahoma Press, 1941 and 1944), opposite much does a buffalo weigh?" (p. 73). page 14. arranged with county officials along 3. Ibid., II, 386. the route to have them erected, and The exercises in this book, many of

8 February 1992

https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/wagon_tracks/vol6/iss2/1 8 : Wagon Tracks. Volume 6, Issue 2 (February, 1992)

which are stimulating, provide oppor­ troops and scenes of life at the post the binder. with the name of the pub­ tunities for young people to learn more (including the post baseball team, the lication and designated spaces to Indi­ about the Trail. Many readers, how­ 23rd Infantry band, officers' families cate what Issues are inside. Punched ever, willllkely look up the answers at enjoying leisure activities, the interior three-ring plastic Inserts are available • the end of each section without of the post chaplain's home, and a for $1.75 per dozen. searching In other publications for the laundress). There Is also a view of the The other option Is a magazine stor­ Information. A teacher who under­ post as It appears today, a national age box. requiring no holes to be stands Trail history could utilize this monument administered by the Na­ punched for rings. which will hold a workbook effectively, for much more tional Park Service. collection of Issues up to four Inches than busywork (there are a lot ofpages Sperry provides a thumbnail sketch thick. These cardboard boxes have a to be colored and/or cut out, too). of the history of this 1m portant south­ woodgrain finish and Include the logo School administrators will be pleased \ western military establishment, once ofSFTA and the sticker noted above to to find a long list of objectives and the largest fort In the region. He care­ record what Issues are inside. These assurances that this Is "an enrichment fully Identifies the subjects and pro­ are available for $3.50 postpaid. To resource" (p. Iv). For young people, order either binder, send the proper • vides informative captions for the illus­ however, Dave Webb's Adventures trations. The only thing wrong with funds to SFTA Last Chance Store, RR with theSanta Fe TraU: AnActlvity Book this handsome little booklet Is that 1 Box 31. Woodston KS 67675. Re­ for Kids and Teachers (1989) Is a far there Is not more of It. Like a good hors member, too, that back Issues of WT superior presentation, Including d'oeuvre, It stirnulates the appetlte but are available at $2.00 per copy (two of much more accurate Information In a leaves the reader still craving a more the Issues are out of print and avail­ format designed to assist readers In ampIe serving. able only as photocopies). understanding the story of the Trail Instead of hunting for mostly unre­ INDEX NEEDED lated facts. Actually, Webb's Adven­ BINDERS AVAILABLE SEVERAL readers have requested a tures book would be a good source of THE response to the request for Inter­ cumulative Index of Wagon Tracks. Information for anyone doing the est In binders to hold back Issues of Such Is becomingmore necessarywith Santa Fe Trail exercises In Yoder's Wagon Tracks has been positive. In each Issue. Some people have volun­ workbook. anticipation that the Interest means teered to work on an Index. but such A final question. which has nothing orders. supplies have been procured an endeavor does not lend Itself to to do with the quality of Yoder's book, and are offered for sale. Several people committee action. Your editor cannot occurs to this reviewer. Why did the have expressed concern about punch­ devote time to It until other obligations National Park Service deny permission ing holes in WT, fearing It will destroy are fulfilled. A charge for an Index to the Kansas Heritage Center to in­ some of the text. Others have re­ would be reqUired to pay for the print­ clude a reproduction ofthe official logo quested an alternative to a three-ring of the Santa Fe National Historic Trail binder. Attempts have been made to ing and cost of distribution. If only a In Webb's Adventures and grant per­ deal with all these desires. few readers purchased an Index, It mission to use It In Yoder's book (even would not be feasible. Ifyou have any Two types of binders are available thoughts about an Index, positive or to permit the lifting of the wagon and from the SFTA Last Chance Store. A oxen from the logo to use In another negative. please send them to the edi­ three-ring notebook, with the logo and illustration)? What standards, if any, tor before the meeting of the SFTA name of the publication printed on the governing board on May 28. Perhaps a are used In such decisions? Further­ cover and the name on the spine, Is more, -two maps from the NPS manage­ decision can be made there. available for $5.00, plus $1.50 ship­ ment and use plan for the SFNHT (pp. ping (total of $6.50). This binder will 39, 122) are reproduced without the 1848 "ACCIDENT" hold papers up to a total of two Inches Identity ofthe source or so much as an In thickness. Each person ordering IN SANTA FE acknowledgement In Two Trails to this binder will receive a unique pat­ Santa Fe (pp. 8, 12). Even though the HARRY Myers found this Item in the tern designed by SFTA member Robert maps are In the public domain, com­ Santa Fe Republican, Jan. 15, 1848: Musselwhite of Raton, NM (who has "ACCIDENT.-A man yesterday, mon courtesy and rules of plagiarism generously offered to share his Inven­ require at least recognition. while hurrying in great speed round tion with everyone with no reward), the east corner of the Plaza, met two , • • • • • which permits the placlngofthe Issues young senoritas of his acquaintance, T. J. Sperry, Fort Union: A Photo His­ In the binder without punching holes and pulling ofT his hat forgetfully, the tory. Tucson: Southwest Parks & through the text. follOWing load offrelght tumbled about Monuments Association, 1991. Pp. 16. '.' The pattern Is for an Insert, which the street:----seventeen old letters, sev­ mus., map. Paper, $2.95, plus $1.25 can be cut out of stock as Is found In eral unpaid bills, one of which for $15 postage. Order from Fort Union Na­ heavy manila folders or pressboard was receipted, one clean shirt bosom tional Monument, Watrous, NM 87753 folders. It Is shaped with three small and collar, cigars ad lib., a bottle of or SPMA, 221 N. Court Ave.• Tucson, "legs" which may be Inserted through Balsam Copaiba and a box of Cap­ AZ 85701. tiny slits to be made in the spine ofan sules. a pair of gloves, a pair of false This collection of 19 historic photo­ Issue ofWT, with the holes punched In whiskers. ten numbers ofthe Santa Fe graphs and one modern map Is a fine the "legs" to fit on the rings of the Republican, five copies of our new addition to the material available binder. They can easily be made by year's address, two decks of monte about Fort Union, New Mexico, 1851­ anyone with a pair of scissors, paper cards, a set ofdice, five fandango tick­ 1891, a post closely associated with punch, proper stock, and a few min­ ets, half a pint ofpirwnes, two pair of the Santa Fe Trail. Included are piC­ utes of time. Suitable stock may be foxed pantaloons, a small flask of tures of buildings at the first, second. found at any office supply store. Be­ brandy and several notes requesting and third Fort Union, the Fort Union side the template. each purchaser of the person to call and settle his bills. Arsenal, and the post trader's store. the ring binder will receive a 1.25 x The articles we understand have been There are good Images of officers and 3-Inch printed sticker. to be placed on nearly all recovered."

February 1992 9

Published by UNM Digital Repository, 1992 9 Wagon Tracks, Vol. 6 [1992], Iss. 2, Art. 1

KEARNY COUNTY HISTORICAL SOCIETY MUSEUM, LAKIN, KS by Patricia Heath

{This Is twenty-first in a series on travois. At 2:45 a very wearybut happy museums and historic sites along the group head back to school in time for Trail. Patricia Heath is a charter dismissal. member of SFTA and the director of The Santa Fe Trail coursed its way the Kearny County Historical Society through Kearny County, leaving its Museum. The Kearny County Histori­ mark in many places. Four miles east cal Society. also a charter member, Is of Lakin are Charlie's Ruts [made a life member ofSFTA.j available by SFTA Ambassador Paul BentrupJ on the north side ofUS High­ LAKIN, in southwest Kansas, is a way 50. West of Lakin, at the site of town full of proud Kansans. Not only Chouteau Island, is the area to which are they proud of Kansas. they are Major Bennett Riley led the first mili­ especially proud ofKearny county and . tary escorted caravan in 1829. He and its history, including the Santa Fe his men waited three months on the Trail, and this fact certainly shows in banks of the Arkansas River for the their museum complex. caravan to return from Santa Fe. The In 1974, the museum property, one­ returning caravan was accompanied halfcity block, was given to the Kearny by New Mexican troops, and each anny County Historical Society by Jennie entertained the other before heading Rose O'Loughlin, daughter of John toward their respective home stations. and Mary O'Loughlin. John O'Lough­ It was at this point also, that many lin was the county's first permanent caravans comingwest, turned south to white settler, cominghere in the spring Wagon Bed Springs at the Upper of 1873 to establish a trading post Crossing of the Arkansas, thus avoid­ beside the Santa Fe Trail. The complex ing the long waterless stretch from the consists of the museum building and Middle Cimarron Crossings to Wagon annex, the White House, the school­ Coneetoga wagon built by Jo.eph Ed­ Bed. While the road south through the house, and the depot. gar, 1831. sand hills is paved now, with a little The White House is the oldest two­ son of John O'Loughlin, had worked imagination you can make It a pretty story house in Lakin. It was built in for the raiiroad for many years. He wild and lonely trip today. 1875 for Alonzo Boylan, the first depot helped to put the station in proper Among Its Santa Fe Trail display agent. John and Mary O'Loughlin's order and contributed countless piC­ Items, the museum has on loan a Con­ wedding reception was held here in tures, documents, and eqUipment to estoga wagon bearing the inscription 1882. For several years the house was make the depot complete. "Joseph Edgar - 1831." There is a se- used for social meetings and church Each May. before the end of school, .ries of 1939 aerial photographs (taken services as well. In 1916 the house was the Lakin Grade School's fifth grade bythe U.S. Dept. ofAgriculture), show­ purchased by the O'Loughlin family classes spend the day at the museum. ing the route ofthe Trail in the county and moved to Its present site. It was The day's activities start at 8:30 A.M. as well as rut sites and landmarks. remodeled and became the home for a with a costume contest. .There are The museum is open Tuesday, time of the William O'Loughlins, a son three girls and three boys awarded Thursday, and Sunday from 1 to 4 of John and Mary. It has been deco­ prizes for their outfits. The children are P.M. Staff members are eager to make rated in keeping with the 1916 era. divided into groups of ten and each your visit as interesting and rewarding The Columbia School was built group assigned a tour route for the as they can. For additional informa­ twenty miles north of Lakin in 1893, morning. Demonstrations in bread tion, contact the Director, Kearny the year of the Columbian Exposition making, butter churning, quilting, County Museum, 101-111 S. Buffalo in Chicago. Willard Miller, the first goat milking. wool carding, and black­ St., Lakin, KS 67860 (316) 355-7448. teacher, suggested the name Colum­ smithing are given byvolunteers. They bia. In those days school terms ran six spend time in the school house writing months and teachers' salaries were with quill pens and examining the old $27.50 a month. They could board books and maps from long ago. At the with a family for $6 to $8 a month. depot, Mr. CarrollWainright tells them Anyone with an eighth grade educa­ about the Orphan Trains that brought tion, who passed a teacher's examina­ homeless children to new homes in the tion, was allowed to teach school. The ·west in the 1860's. building was moved to the complex in In the afternoon, after a sack lunch 1984. on the museum lawn, the young pio­ The Santa Fe depot is the latest ad­ neers witness the setting up of an dition, haVing been purchased in authentic Indian tepee. The Steve 1982. The depot was built in 1876 to Mover family explain the im portance of replace a boxcar that was used as a the various features of a tepee as well station first. When word got out that as that oftheir gearand clothing. Steve the AT & SF railroad was going to tear portrays a trapper-trader while his down the depot, the people of Lakin wife, Judy, an Indian woman. Their and the countycollected money to pur­ two younger children join in also. Even Entrance to Kearny County Historical chase it. Mr. James Thomas, a grand- the dog gets in the act by pulling a Museum, where you are welcome.

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DAR MARKERS ON THE SANTA FE TRAIL, PART III: COLORADO by Mary B. Gdmble

[Jane Mallinson, who is overseeing this series on the DAR markers along " ""~ the Trail, asked Mary B. Gamble of , < ,iff' Springfield, Colorado, who with her husband Leo wrote the book on the Colorado markers, to prepare the '~' .. segment on Colorado. Original intentions were to run corrections of the Kansas markers in this issue. but corrections are still being sent in. The next installment wUl be on the , markers in New Mexico, after wry.ich any correctionsfor markers in any'of the states wUl bepublished. ifanyone has additions or corrections about any markers along the entire Trail, please send that i'!formation to Jane Mallinson. PO Box 8604. Sugar Creek, MO 64054. Mary and Leo Gamble are charter members ofSFTA and active.in the Cimarron CutOffand Wagonbed Spring chapters.] INFORMATION for the location of the DAR markers is from the book, Santa Fe Markers in Colorado, compiled by Mary B. and Leo. E. Gamble from re­ search beginningin 1984 and publish­ ed In February 1987. We used the scant published records of the DAR to help locate the markers, read a gUide compiled by Margaret Long, talked to Mrs. FrankWheaton, right front, DAR State Regent ofColorado, unveiledthis marker farmers, ranchers, and friends, finally In September 1909, north ofthe Arkansas River bridge near LasAnimas.The Regent locating all 34 markers placed in the wears the ribbon of her office. The other DAR members are unidentified. (Photo period 1906-1909, and one in 1928. courtesy of Colorado State Society DAR.) A SFTA member, Peyton O. Abbott, Pueblo, sent us a map from the 14th AMITY marker in a ditch east of en­ BENT COUNTY Biennial Report of the Colorado State trance to Amity Mill and Farm office at BENT'S NEW FORT, later FORT Engineer for 1907-1908, showing the Road 30.5. Dates of 1822-1880 appear WISE: From Lamar go west on U.S. location of the Mountain Branch on this marker. Other markers in east­ Highway 50 to Road 35, south one markers. We were pleased to find that, ern Colorado bear dates of 1822­ mile, then east to Road JJ for .1 mile, even though some had been moved, 1872. we had not missed any in our survey. south on Road 35.35. Marker is on hill NORTH OF GRANADA, 2.6 miles north west of road on ranch land behind However, the Cimarron Route in of junction of U.S. Highway 50 and barbed wire fence. A few foundation Baca County on the north side of the stones of the fort remain. Cimarron River had not been surveyed U.S. Highway 385 on east side of 385. by the 1908 report. A DAR report NORTH OF CARLTON: Return to U.S. SOUTH OF MCCLAVE: Return to U.S. stated that the markers had been set Highway 50 at Granada, go west to Highway 50 and go west to Road 30, on June 27, 1909. and a newspaper Road 19, then north 1.9 miles to go south to Road JJ. Marker is on east account gave the information that a marker on east side of road. side of unfenced pasture on new base. county commissioner and his son had SOUTH OF HASTY: On U.S. Highway taken them from Springfield to the NORTH OF MORSE, go .3 mile north 50, go west to Hasty, turn south on Trail in a wagon. on Road 19 to Colorado Highway 196, Road 24 for 2.2 miles on pavement, then west six miles to Road 13. Marker and turn west at a curve on a dirt road. MOUNTAIN BRANCH on west side of Road 13 (It is north of Continue west to wooden sign, MSanta Morse on Road 13.) Fe Trail." Go south to the marker en­ PROWERS COUNTY NORTH OF LAMAR: On Colorado closed in a fenced area. KANSAS - COLORADO LINE, north Highway 196, go west about 6 miles, NORTH OF FORT LYON: Go west from side of U.S. Highway 50 at Colorado turn south at the BigTim bers Museum Hasty on U.S. Highway 50 to junction Road 39. to U.S. Highway 50. Marker is located with Colorado Highway 163. Marker is HOLLY RANCH HOUSE, southeast of on the east side at turn-out with Mpoint .5 mile south on west side of road. town in lilac bushes. First placed at of InterestMsign nearby. This marker WEST OF FORT LYON: Go west on Holly Warm Springs, Indian campslte, can be reached from Lamar by going U .S~ Highway 50 to Road 13. Marker later moved to the Santa Fe depot in north on U.S. Highway 50 across the is on north side of highway. It was town, and after 1943 moved to present Arkansas River bridge and about 1.75 moved from original site near Caddoa site. miles. Creek area when the dam for John

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Martin reservoir was constructed on through town of Thatcher. At the end CIMARRON ROUTE Arkansas River. of the road, tum right and proceed to NORTHEAST OFLASANIMAS marker a farm house. Opposite on the right Is BACACOUNTY Is two miles west of previous marker. a gate leading to the marker about a Fourteen miles of the Cimarron Moved from original site north of Ar­ block away in cedar trees. When re­ Route angled across southeastern kansas River bridge following a fatal turning to Thatcher, look up a rocky Baca County, north of the Cimarron car crash. canyon to the left for a glimpse of the River. Three markers were setJune 27. Trail landmark, "Hole in the Rock." GEORGE BAUBLITS FARM: Leave 1909, by a county commissioner and U.S. Highway 50 at junction of Colo­ SIMPSON: Go 4 miles southwest of his son. These are on ranches In rolling rado Highway 194 and go west to Road Thatcher on U.S. Highway 350 to Road pasture land and cattle trails. 6.25. Marker Is in a pasture south of 70.0, a RR crossing which is .2 miles FORMER SPRINGER RANCH: From highway. northeast of the marker, on right side Springfield on U.S. Highway 287, go 16 of road. miles south of junction of U.S. High­ OTERO COUNTY TYRONE: This marker is 15 poles way 160 to Road M. tum left (east), and BENT'S OLD FORT GATEWAY: Go northeast of Road 64.0 on U.S. High­ continue to near the Colorado-Kansas west on Colorado 194 to cobblestone way 350, or 12 telegraph poles north-. line. The marker Is in Elf2. Sec. 15, T arch gateway at Bent's Old Fort NHS. east of RR milepost 609. It is outside 345, R 41 W. Marker was moved from orlglnalloca­ of RR right-of-way fence on right side MILES RANCH OR NINE-MILE CAMP: tlon on a farm adjoining the fort on the of highway. Go back west on Road M to Road 45. west by the National Park Service in WEST OF MODEL: Go .5 miles south­ Go south to Road G. This marker Is 1963. It Is on a pedestal west of gate. west of the town of Model on U.S. near the middle of Sec. 22, T 34 5, R BENT'S FORT MARKER moved from Highway 350 to Road 52.0. Tum right 42 W. . original fort site In October 1984 by and continue 2.5 miles on dirt road. STREETER RANCH: Return to Road NPS to a spot under gateway entrance This marker fell into an arroyo after 45, go south to Road C to abandoned which was closed to traffic. water undercut the ground. With diffi­ ranch buildings. About one-quarter LA JUNTA COURT HOUSE SQUARE: culty it was located under a ledge and mile south ofRoad C, go left to marker returned to a safer site near the road. Ceremonies unveiling this marker in SE1/4, Sec. II, T 35 S. R 43 W, north were held on September 14, 1909. It Is NORTHEAST OF HOEHNE: The town of the Oklahoma line. located at southeast comer of square. of Hoehne can be reached either from SOUTHWEST OF LA JUNTA: From U.S. Highway 350 or U.S. 160 east of POST OFFICE OAK Potter's Park on U.S. Highway 350 Trinidad. From the town, go north on (west of town), go 3 miles southwest. Road 83.8 to junction with Road 42.0, -LETTERS:s-- This marker is on west side ofhighway turn right, and go .4 mile. The marker in a ditch. It was moved from the grove is on north side against a fence in grass of trees visible to the west. and weeds. WEST OF LA JUNTA: Leave U.S. High­ EL MORO: From U.S. Highway 160, 5 way 350 at junction ofColorado High­ miles east of Trinidad, tum left on way 71 and go north .5 mile. Marker Is Road 75.1 to El Moro. In town, tum left on west side behind barbed wire fence. on Road 32.0. This marker is a short NEAR TIMPAS: Tum off U.S. Highway distance from the road on left in a field 350 at Tim pas, cross the SFRR tracks. near a farm house. It has been re­ and tum right toward green govern­ moved from the base which is near it. ment building. Marker is in fenced KIT CARSON PARK, TRINIDAD: This pasture about one quarter mile west. is the largest of the DAR markers on AYER: Follow U.S. Highway 350 to the Trail in Colorado. It is inscribed milepost 51. This marker is In the ditch with historical data on two sides, and on west side. It was moved from origi­ has the DAR insignia and Colorado nal site when highway was con­ State seal on the other sides. structed as were other markers along ON RATON PASS: Southbound, take this stretch of the Trail. Exit 6 off 1-25 at Gallinas, south of IRON SPRINGS: On Road 9 go south Trinidad. The marker is on a lava stone .5 mile. The marker Is In the pasture base was moved from original site dur­ . to the right about one-quarter mile. ing highway construction. Only a few posts remain to mark the DICK WOOTTON TOLL GATE: South­ site of the Iron Springs Stage Stop bound on Raton Pass, take Exit 2 to which is about.7 mile from DAR Don Berg's Wootton Ranch (permis­ marker. A corral here covered about 40 sion reqUired). A bronze plaque on a acres dudng Santa Fe Trail era. lava stone marks the site of the Toll Gate from 1866 to 1880. This marker LAS ANIMAS COUNTY was erected in 1928 by Santa Fe Trail DELHI: At edge ofditch on theeast side DAR. of U.S. Highway 350, opposite Road NORTH PORTAL SANTA FE RR TUN­ 88.0. Sandy ground had washed away NEL: On Berg's ranch, continue south from the marker and it fell face down on·a dirt road along the railroad to the in the ditch. It was set on Its new base tunnel. This is the last marker in Colo­ In the fall of 1986. rado on the Mountain Branch. The THATCHER: Tum right off U.S. High­ Trail went over the pass above the way 350 at Road 76.5 and drive tunnel.

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has highly favorable comment and THEODORE WEICHSELBAUM: TRAIL MERCHAN~PART II gratitude In all quarters. Everyone awaits with pleaSure the appearance of the next Issue. Our End of the Trail [Thejirst portion of MThe Statement of the same time I did, by coach, from chapter Is doing very well. Best re­ Theodore Weichselbaum, July 17, Fort Lamed. When we came to about gards. 1908," appeared in theprevious issue where Brookville now is. to a little log Kenneth Anglemire and is concluded here.] shack, we were snow-bound and had 221 Spruce St. to stay there all night. I had bought Camped With Indians Santa Fe. NM 8750I from the Indians two good blankets In 1864 the Cheyenne Indians asked and was prepared for the night. leav­ We remember with pleasure visiting my partner (Crane) and myselfto trade enworth asked me where I got the with you in 1990 and plan to see you blankets. I told him to mind his own again along the Trail. Your kind words with them in their camp, twenty miles I southwest ofFort Lamed. in November business, that I bought and paid for make the duties ofthis office less oner­ and December. They escorted us out them. The man who helped leaven­ ous. Thank you. to the camp on the Arkansas river. We worth In his dirty work was a large Editor • forded the Arkansas with out four man-an American, was along on the Editor: Last October, In preparation mule team. I was in my own convey­ trip. He afterwards went to the terri­ for a Trail-trek through eastern K,an­ ance, a carriage and mules, and ex­ tory. He kept the Cow Creek ranch on sas, I turned to WT. There was much pected to stay a week. Then the river the Santa Fe trail for Doctor--. Doctor helpful information to supplement the froze over so we could not get back for -- came out from Council Grove. gUidebooks by Simmons. Franzwa, four weeks. The Indians treated us where he had swapped or traded with and Brown. However, in an effort to well. Their camp was south of the Ar­ the Indians, and when he left the Cow determine the location of SFTA chap­ kansas-a great big camp. We got a lot Creek store he went back there again ters and the name of at least one of of buffalo robes and antelope skins. to live. The Indians were to have re­ their members, I encountered obsta­ ceived the hlankets as presents, but M The Indians had lodges from which the cles. Some reports In MCamp Taies Sibley tent was patterned. They fur­ Leavenworth traded them to the indi­ proVided clues. and reports usually nished us a lodge to live in, and gave ans for buffalo robes. Col. leaven­ contained a member's name. Then It us soup in six-and eight-quart milk worth made his headquarters at Fort was a matter of finding the address In pans. Another dish was little dogs Lamed. His pay was small and he had the membership roster. Through roasted. They were raised for that pur­ to make his liVing from It. My brother perseverance I did eventually achieve pose. and were just as nice and fat as found two of my mules when he came my goal. could be. They also roasted buffalo. In from the west. Custer gave him an , However, there is a more efficient They cut the meat in little pieces and order on the quartermaster at Fort way to assist persons such as myself mixed it with red berries, and made a Harker for two mules. Inman was the who find making new friends along the sausage which was very fine eating. quartermaster. Trail one of the rare treasures of Trail We did our business with the Chey­ Capt. Nathaniel Lyon was In com­ trekking. The location (city or area of ennes, Arapahoes and Kiowas. mand of Fort Riley In the fall of 1860, state) of the chapter "and president's John K. Wright built the foundation and hired me and my outfit togo to name could be listed adjacent to chap­ of my store at Fort Larned in 1862. It Camp Alert, afterwards Lamed, to ter name. There are also techniques was a big stone store building, and make hay for the government, and al­ which could be employed when the though he afterwards followed the lowed me sixty-five dollars per day next membership roster is compiled. business, this was the first contract of from the time I left Fort Riley until I I hope these assists will be consid­ that kind he ever had. He was a ser­ returned. 1 had about ten wagons and ered for those of us who want to make geant In the Second Colorado, sta­ about ten extra hands. The men did our travels along the Santa Fe Trail tioned at Fort Larned at the time. I had the mowing with scythes, a halfdozen more meaningful and the planning a a back room where I slept. Sometimes great big Dutchmen, all in a row. I bit less cumbersome. Incidentally, I six or seven big indians slept on the cleared' twenty dollars a day. for my invite those who plan to visit the end l100r at same time. We had a~heyenne own services. I was gone thirty days. of the Trail to contact me. fd enjoy to do the chores about the place. When We hauled the grass ten miles, across being your Trail gUide. they went on the warpath they had to Coon ,creek and the Arkansas river. Margaret Sears give us notice and he left. They would There was not a drop of water in the 1871 Candela not allow him to stay there. Arkansas. I had to sink a big wagon coll~ct Santa Fe, NM 87505 About 1861, or perhaps later, the box In the Arkansas to water for Pottawatomies and Kickapoos went our own use. We drove the cattle Your suggestions are well taken. We across the river to Coon creek to get • are including chapter presidents and out in the fall of the year for buffalo M meat, to about where Abilene now is. their water. When the water of Coon their addresses in MCamp Tales and creek reached the Arkansas, It sunk As the party came back a young fellow eventually, but not this year, plan to too. The grass grew plentiful that year, had two longstringsofflngers and toes include chapter affiliation in the annual about one and one-half feet high. The of a Pawnee strung from his saddle membership roster. MeanwhUe, even Indians did not bother us any there. horn to the back of his saddle, outside without any chapter information, 1 This was in early November, and we of his legs. There seemed to be more would hope you could utUize the alpha­ cut the grass In good shape. beticallist ofmembers and the zip code than would belong to one person. He supplement of the roster tofind a mem­ had done the killing. 1remember there Unusual Punishment ber of SFTA in almost any community was a big figh t between the Pawnee Lyon, to punish his soldiers. would along the TraU who would be helpful to and Pottawatomles, but I have forgot­ make them carry two or three sticks of travelers. We are pleased to hear that ten the particulars. cordwood on their shoulders. There WT provided helpful information for About the winter of 1863-'64, after would always he some of these men your trekking. Col. Jesse H. Leavenworth had been marching up and down there. He was· Editor appointed Indian agent, he-came in at a little fellow. He was a terrible growler,

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He was smart. He was a hard nut. He .In going from Fort Riley to Larned we steamboat that came up to Ogden and was an honorable man, and a good crossed the Kansas at Whisky Point landed the goods on the bank for me. friend to me. It was Ly~n who gave me . then followed up Clarks' creek to The river was high. 'think this was the the job of making hay:at Fort Larned. Skiddy, and from there crossed to the only time a steamboat reached Ogden. They could not get anyone else to take Santa Fe trail, two and a halfmiles east The Cow Creek ranch, on the Santa the contract, and so , got it, and big of Lost Springs, thence on the Santa Fe trail consisted of three or four little wages. Fe Trail to Fort Larned. lumber shanties built in a row on the , built a brewery and ran it for ten Indians Feared Darkness east side of Cow creek. There were years at Ogden, and closed up the other trading ranches at the crossing During the war and up to 1869, of the Little Arkansas and the Walnut business when the prohibition law whenever the Indians became hostile came into effect, May I, 1881. , hauled on the trail, mostly built of lumber we made our trips after dark. The in­ which had to be hauled out. Timber the beer,around the country and sold dians never fought after dark. They it to the saloons, and shipped it as far was scarce. There were scattering were afraid to tackle anything they trees on Cow creek and the Arkansas. west as Hays. , never got a cent in could not see. , have driven many a compensation for my loss, and' am and in some ravines north and south night between Larned and Dodge, fifty­ of the Arkansas. out $15,000. , had built a large brew­ six miles, by myself. There was only ery, with cellars underground, and one watering place between those two Peacock had the ranch at the cross­ employed four or five men, who were points, about twenty-six or thirty miles ing of Walnut creek, on the east side. originallybrewers in Germanyand had west of Larned. We kept to the divide, It was of adobe, a one-story house, come directly from the old country. and It was good traveling. The river long and square. He went up on top of and knewall about the makingofmalt. road between the two points was slxty­ the store to see ifthere was anydanger We made beer from barley and hops. six miles. from Indians. and was shot and killed The grain was raised in our neighbor­ by Satanta. Charley Rath kept store hood. , bought lots of barley right in Yes, , remember Mr. Dodds, but not after him; probably purchased the the county and made malt of it. The his Initials. His family kept a boarding right of his executors. Rath was a hops' bought ofSt. Louis dealers; , house adjoining our store at Fort teamster at Fort Riley in 1858. and , think they were obtained largely from Larned. , think that Jesse Crane mar­ remember his coming down to my northern New York State. My income ried one ofhis daughters, and that one store at Ogden on a little black pony, from the sale of beer may have been of hls boys clerked for us. which , bought later and drove with about $1,000 a month. Out of this' It was not necessary for our clerks to another on my buckboard, for several paid my men and bought my materi­ know much of the indian language to years. Rath hauled wood for me at Fort als. , did the hauling and selling of It sell goods and look after things at our Dodge. he drove about ten little Mexi­ myself princIpally. When Mr. Walruff, stores. They picked up some words can mules to each wagon. He was very of Lawrence. began litigation in the quicklyand used signs mostly, and got nice fellow; went later to New Mexico courts regarding the loss of his brew­ on very satisfactorily in that way. Our and freighted down about Las Vegas, ery he asked me tojoin him In the suit, man Bradley (I don't remember his out from the railroad to the govern­ but' told him' had lost enough al­ first name) was our Interpreter for sev­ ment posts, and for other parties. ready, a~d would stop where , was. eral years, liVing with us at Fort When' was at Fort Larned' remem­ The building stands there yet. The cel­ Lamed. He had a Cheyenne squaw ber haVing seen a Pawnee on foot with lars , use' In part for stables and the living with him, They had no children. a rawhide lariat or bridle in his hand, upper room for grain. He had been with the Indians years walking along six or ten feet below the 'only knew the road as the Mormon before and could talk with all the bank of Walnut creek, looking for road. Before and after' came to Ogden plains tribes. He was paid monthly horses and trying to conceal himselfas the Mormons traveled on that road, wages the year round. he passed by. turning onto It from the Santa Fe trail. Fortune in Buffalo Robes Some white men built a cabin on top They crossed the Kansas at Whiskey During the time' was In the sutler ofPawnee Rock about 1866, 'suppose Point, where the Junction City Coun­ stores I hauled thousands of buffalo for the purpose of keeping a lookout­ try Club Is located, and climbed the hill robes to Leavenworth with my teams. up and down the valley.' remember of on the east side of where the hospital I sold them there mostly to W. C. seeing some friendly Indians come out now stands at Fort Riley, and thence Lowenstein, for from five to six dollars of the cabin and look at me as I was across country to Fort Kearney, Neb., apiece, cash. He made so much money passing along the road that ran at the and from there to Salt Lake City. , don't from his trade there that he went to foot of the rock. They lived there for remember of any other emIgration Milan Italy, and was still there when' some time. It was burned down about than the Mormons using that road. , last heard of him enjoying the fruits of 1868, for, not seeing It, , went up on have seen hundreds ofthem come that his Kansas trade. , bought buckskins foot, and found In the ashes a sliver way in all kinds ofconveyances. Some from the Indians, dressed antelope ten-cent piece, with' kept for a pocket of them took out strings offine horses. skins, and have some still at home. , piece for years. They would have a team hitched to a have seen these animals In herds of I was acquainted with E. W. Wyn­ wagon, pulling It, and a man driving. from thirty to fifty on the plains. koop for several years. He was an hon­ Then a rope would be tied to the end orable man. I believe he was appointed' of the tongue, and to either side of this 'bought my goods at St. Louis, New York and Chicago, going back for them Indian agent in 1866, for the Chey­ rope would be tied ten more horses, ennes. At one time he Invited me to go two abreast, and a man ahead of them myself. All my freighting was done from Leavenworth. My goods were Into business with him at Denver, but on horseback with the lead end of the I declined to do so. rope fastened to a doubletree with a brought up there on boats from St. team of horses, making It appear as Louis, and' hauled them out In my Gov. James M. Harvey drove Into my though the wagon was hauled by six own teams to Ogden and the western neighborhood in 1860, and settled at teams. Their road lay up the east side posts. Once, 'think It was In the spring Vinton, north of the military reserve. of the Republican to Fort Kearny. of 1859, , brought several barrels of He had made the trip from lllinois with whisky and salt, heavy goods, from a an ox-team. In one of my contracts out

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at Fort Larned. I hired Harvey and his Texas Panhandle The school was built in 1870 beside ox team. He was with me thirty days President Charles H. Pi tts the old Santa Fe Trail. on the trip. I saved his life near Larned. 7101 Wolflin #103 The chapter is sponsoringa logo con­ A large white wolf frothing at the Amarillo, TX 79106 test with a cash prize for the winner, mouth had attacked him when I hap­ No report. Send entries to Charlie Macy. RR 1 Box pened to be near. I drew my revolver 203A. Alta Vista, KS 66834 before and kUled the wolf. When the war Wagonbed Spring AprU 4. 1992. The next board meeting broke out a military company was President Edward Dowell will be AprU 14. 1992. The chapter has formed at Ogden "MudsUls." They 521 W. Janice started a quarterly newsletter. TraU elected Harvey captain. They enlisted Ulysses, KS 67880 Tales. the first issueofwhich appeared as volunteers. and the MudsiUs be­ The viewing of the National Park in October 1991. came a part ofcompany G. Tenth Kan­ ( Service video on the Santa Fe Trail was 'I sas regiment. This started Harvey. who the program for the quarterly meeting End of the Trail became Governor of Kansas. on January 9. 1992. at Ulysses. KS. 23 President Jon Hunner members present. Among the people 1612 Ridgecrest SE CAMP TALES who appeared in the video were Marc Albuquerque, NM 87108 Simmons, Ralph Hathaway. Paul Ben­ On January 25. 1992, the chapter -CHAPTER REPORTS tmp. Mark Gardner, the late Fern Bes­ heard Bill de Buys. senior associate of sire. Karla & Ron French. Pat Heath. the Conservation Fund and author of Cimarron Cutoff Joann & JeflWells, and Odalee Bohn. River ofTraps. present the findings of President David Hutchison Edward Dowell, president. con­ the Conservation Fund's preliminary West Star Route Box 35 ducted the business meeting. and Ed study of the Glorieta and Canoncito Boise City, OK 73933 Lewis was acting secretary. He said he battlefields. The Conservation Fund plans to protect the historical sign at Steve and Martha Hayward. Elkhart. holds a ten-acre parcel of the Glorieta Wagonbed Spring from weathering battlefield which they will transfer to showed slides of aerial shots of Santa with a partial roofacross the top. Karla Fe Trail ruts and sites at the quarterly the National Park Service within 90 French was selected to com pile a days. with Congress approving the meeting of the chapter at Boise City. scrapbook of the chapter's activities. OK. on Jan. 27. 1992. The Haywards purchase of 300 acres at Glorieta and began their tour in Missouri and con­ The annual election of officers was another 400 at Canoncito and adding tinued it to Union County. NM. held with the current officers being this to Pecos ruins to create the Pecos unanimously re-elected. They are Ed­ National Historic Park. including a sig­ Thirty-six chapter members and ward Dowell. president; Ed Lewis. vice nificant and beautiful part ofthe Trail. guests met at the Cox House. future president; Marjorie Persinger, secre­ The Conservation Fund deCided the home of the museum of the Cimarron tary; Karla French, treasurer; Mary County Historical Society. following a best way to integrate the separate par­ Gamble. reporter; and Maryruth cels was the obvious link. the Trail. dinner at a local restaurant. David Greenwood, program chairman. The Hutchison, president. was In charge of They are proposing the "New Santa Fe next meeting will be In Hugoton. KS, Trail" for the development of trails the meeting. This was the first public on April 9, 1992. meeting in the Cox House since the either on or in close proximity to the historical societyhad signed a lease for Heart of the Flint Hills original Trail. These will be multi-use it. Those present toured the house. recreational trails for hiking. bicycling. President Donald B. Cress and horseback riding. There are three designed by an architect who was a RR 1 Box 66 student of Frank Lloyd Wright. Council Grove, KS 66846 suggested routes. The most Viable would connect Canoncito. Glorieta. At the business meeting the current The chapter held Its annual meeting Pecos Pueblo, and KozlowskI's Ranch. officers were re-elected for another January 14. 1992, at Council Grove. The chapter and SFTA were invited to term: Hutchison. president; Mary B. Lois Dewitt ofLyon Countywas elected join In this project and a chapter field Gamble. Vice-president; and D. Ray as a new director to replace Morris trip along the proposed route was dis­ Blakeley. secretary-treasurer. Reports DuBois, who recently reSigned. cussed for the coming summer. were given by Edgar White. Elkhart; The chapter will take part In the Marc Simmons reported on the Ar­ Jeff Wells, Boise Clty,and Bill Neosho River Crossing Pageant In row Rock Symposium. He especially , Wheatley and John Chilcott, Clayton. Council Grove on the evening of Sept. , liked scratching the oxen between Dan Sharp reported on NPS and Steve 26. Horses, riders, buggIes, and wag­ I their horns at the buffalo roast. An Hayward on a National Historic Trails ons are needed for this event. The r meeting he had attended in Oregon. election of new officers was held. but chapter will sponsor,a Sunday morn­ the office of alcalde was not filled. Jon The group discussed the proposal by ing church service and a non-motor­ Hunner will continue as interim al­ ized parade to the Seth Hays's Bam SFTA President Bill Pitts on chapter calde until the next meeting. Two al­ east ofCouncil Grove, where there will reporting directly to him. Also dis­ calde segundos were elected: Margaret cussed was the possibility of the chap­ be a craft showand living-history dem­ Sears and Carlton Damonte, and the 0nstrat
ons on Sept. 27. ter erecting historical signs along the new secretary/treasurer is Louann Trail. using the SFTA logo. The trail ride committee announced Jordan. On Feb. 22, at 1 p.m., in the Members of SFTA who were guests the annual ride will be June 7-12. It community room of the Santa Fe Li­ Included Harold and Joan Kachel, No will start at the Little Arkansas Cross­ brary, Marc Simmons will present the Man's Land Museum, Goodwell, OK; ing in Rice County and head east on program for the next chapter meeting. George Hook, Baker, OK, who showed the Trail to Council Grove, a distance speaking about Kit Carson and the his model of a miniature covered of about 87 miles. The riders will par­ Santa Fe Trail. A new alcalde will be wagon; Lidia Gray, Liberal; and Jesse ticipate In Wah-Shun-Gah Days activi­ elected and plans for supporting the Scott. Jr.. Garden City. The next quar­ ties at Council Grove 'on June 12. "New Santa Fe TraU" will bediscussed. terly meetingwill be in Springfield, CO. The board voted to accept ownership Visitors are welcome. - on April 20, 1992. of the Wilmington stone schoolhouse. (continued on page 17)

February 1992 15 I Published by UNM Digital Repository, 1992 15 Wagon Tracks, Vol. 6 [1992], Iss. 2, Art. 1

HISPANIC INFLUENCE ON THE SANTA FE TRAIL by Jere Krakow

[Jere Krakow Is a charter member oj annual caravan. Thereafter, through­ couraged by Mexican officials. this le­ SFTA and a long-standing TraU out most of the nineteenth century, gal commerce began the decades-long historian. He Is on the staff oj the numerous caravans traveled this ma­ exchange across the plains. Denver Service Center ojthe National jor route of trade and commerce each The Santa Fe Trail, with Santa Fe as Park Service. He directed the field year. Ofthe settlements alongthe trail. the hub, quickly became a lucrative work oj the NPS survey oj the Santa Chihuahua developed as the city trade route far into Mexico. aidingboth Fe National Historic TraU.} whose merchants dominated commer­ Mexico's northern provinces and the THE American story has long been cial enterprise in New Mexico until the depressed economyofMissouri. Bythe overthrow of Spanish rule in 1821 shaped by multi-cultural influences. early 1840s Mexican merchants, such One thread of the story is the historic (Ibid, 29). Thus a network of trade as Don Antonio Jose Chavez, his connecting comm unities along the Trail that once linked regions and na­ brother Don Jose Chavez y Castillo. Camino Real had been laid before a Hons together. For better or worse, the . Juan Perea, and Juan Otero. domi­ Santa Fe Trail introduced Indians, new nation to the northeast declared nated the trade moving in both direc­ its independence from Great Britain. Spaniards. Mexicans, and Americans tions along the route of commerce. to each other. Duringthe 18th century Indian trade (David A. Sandoval. "Gnats. Goods, This designated National Historic fairs at Pecos and Taos among the and Greasers: Mexican Merchants on Trail was the first major trans-Missis­ Pueblo and Plains Indians introduced the Santa Fe Trail," Journal ofthe West sippi route between the eastern United Spanish residents to native products, (April 1989]: 22-31). Several traders States and the present-day American and the Spanish began to participate (Mateo De Luna, Jesus M. Pacheco, T. Southwest. Portions of it had been es­ in the fairs. Using packtrains ofmules, Romero) inscribed their names on rock tablished earlier by American Indians, New Mexicans traded along the south­ formations along the Trail, and the R. then by Spaniards. Mexicans, and ern routes from Santa Fe to Chihua­ G. Dun and Company records contain Americans. As the Trail developed, it hua, and became increasingly familiar numerous entries for Mexican mer­ played a critical role in westward ex­ with the numerous Indian trails on the chants (i.e., Delgado Brothers, Santi­ pansion as well as trade relations with eastern slopes ofthe Rocky Mountains ago Armijo, Romaldo Baca) detailing Mexico. For a quarter century, from and the western Great Plains. Mer­ their credit reports: assets (real estate, 1821 to 1846, international trade fol­ chants in Chihuahua, however, con­ livestock, personal income. loans out­ lowed this route. bringing needed tinued to dominate the trade, includ­ standing, type of business, financial manufactured goods from Missouri to ing the larger trade fairs along the backing, method of payment, and per­ northern Mexico and beyond. Traders Camino Real. In due course French sonal character). brought silver, furs, mules, and wool and American traders defied Spain's In 1846 the United States invaded back to Missouri. At the same time the closed-door policy in her northern Mexico. The U.S. Army used the Santa Trail fostered cultural exchange. After Mexican provinces and searched for Fe Trail as one ofthe major routes into the United States conquered Mexico's ways to trade with Santa Fe and the Mexican territory. and continued northern provinces in 1848, the Trail areas beyond Santa Fe. This resulted down the Camino Real deep into Mex­ continued to link regions together. In patrols by Spanish and Pueblo sol­ ico, and west to California. Almost half diers in the late 17008 and early 18008 Origins of the Santa Fe Trail lie with of Mexico became part of the United to search for contraband. the earliest Indians routes which be­ States with the signing ofthe Treaty of came avenues of access for Spanish After independence from Spain in Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848. Thereaf­ exploration and settlement in the 1821, Mexican admInistrators re­ ter military -'supplies formed a large northern provinces of Mexico. The moved many legal barriers to commer­ part of freighting on the Trail, provi­ route northward from Mexico City cial exchange on the New Mexican sioning several southwestern army came into use soon after the Spanish frontier. That same year William Beck­ posts. conquest in 1521, and by 1580 linked nell and a small party from Missouri Despite the increase of American several silver mining areas along what arrived in New Mexico to trade. In 1822 traders follOWing the war, Mexican became known as the Camino Real. Becknell opened a wagon route from traders still figured prominently. Following the routes of earlier expedi­ Franklin, Missouri, to Santa Fe, fol­ Newspaper reports for June and July tions, Don Juan de Onate, in 1598, led lowing what later became known as of 1859 note Trail traffic through an expedition northward from Zacate­ the Cimarron Route. The Santa Fe Council Grove, Kansas, and the pre­ cas into New Mexico for purposes of Trail therefore linked with the Camino ponderance are travelers with Spanish colonization. and pacifying the pueb­ Real to provide an international trails surnames. Though diminishing in los. In the course ofthejourney, Onate network. numbers, the Hispanic presence con­ laid out the route of the Chihuahua The decade of the 1820s saw New tinued to be significant in the trade. Trail, through Paso del Norte, and up Mexican officials encourage mer­ The influence ofthe Hispanic culture the Rio Grande Valley to Santo Dom­ chants to trade with Mexico. Beginning on the Santa Fe Trail is Identifiable in ingo Pueblo (Max Moorhead, New Mex­ In 1824 Chihuahuan and New Mexi­ several ways. Besides interaction ico's Royal Road: Trade and Travel on can merchants appeared along the among individuals, it includes freight­ the Chihuahua TraU, 7). Trail from Santa Fe to Missouri, and ing, place names, foodways, and archi- After the settlement of Santa Fe in from 1823 to 1825 a delegation of . tecture. Many techniques associated 1610, the Camino Real reached Its Mexican merchants, sent by the New with frontier freighting began with His­ northern terminus at the foot of the Mexican governor, spent time in Wash­ panics on the Camino Real. Perhaps Sangre de Cristo mountains. The ington, DC, negotiating commercial most notable were the mule and pack 1,500-mile route became the lifeline of agreements for New Mexico. Simulta­ trains loaded by arrieros (muleteers) supply and communication. For the neously Missouri traders headed to­ whose reputations were unparalleled first 100 years it was used by the ward Santa Fe with trade goods. En- In the freighting community. Begln-

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nlng during the 17th century. wagon Jan. 19 at the Parish Hall, where 28 gress of the placing of markers on the use consisted of heavy-duty wagons members and guests enjoyed a pot Wet and Dry routes was given. So far with Iron-clad wheels that carried luck lunch. The business meeting was 25 markers have been set and plans about 4,000 pounds. pulled by teams conducted and dues were collected. A are to place 28 more by June. of eight mules. A caravan's milltary­ report from the Point ofRocks commit­ A special encampment will be spon­ like organization also Influenced tee was given by Dominic Gonzales sored by the chapter on May 3, 1992. American freighting. . Montoya. The original tombstone was beginning at 1:00 p.m. at Camp Place names have endured as an­ removed and is being packed for pres­ Pawnee west of Larned, to help raise other testimony to Spanish influence. ervation. It will be kept at the ranch of funds for the marker project. This will They are prominent labels for routes. Mr. and Mrs. Gaines, on whose prop­ Include a chuckwagon dinner (beef. landmarks. crossings, and communi­ ertythe Point ofRocks is located. Itwill beans, potatoes. and coleslaw), black­ r ties along theSantaFe Trail. So named be available to anyone wishing to see smithingdemonstrations. buggy rides, are San Miguel del Vado and San Jose it. A large stone was found that closely buckskinners' camp, Civil War en­ del Vado on the Pecos River. El Vado resembles the original and is being campment. a Buffalo Soldier, and de las Piedras (rock crossing) of the inscribed and is nearly complete. A other activities. Advance tickets for the Canadian River, and the Sapello and brass plate will be placed on the back, event (Including the dinner) are $5.00 Ocate crossings in New Mexico; Raton noting the date this headstone was for adults and $2.50 for children under (Fishers) Pea,k, in Colorado; and placed and by whom. It will be dedi­ age 8. At the gate the tickets will be ChavezCreek (nowJarvis), and La Jor­ cated to the memory of Richard Wil­ $6.00 and $3.00 respectively. To pur­ nada (Cimarron desert route) in Kan­ liams, who was instrumental in seeing chase tickets, contact Pam Wetzel, RR sas. this project completed. 1 Box 21. Offerle. KS 67563 (316) 659­ Hispanic foodways extended from Secretary Anita Wiggins reported 2305. the Southwest along corridors of the that the chapter symbol and name are On May 29, during the Larned Ren­ Trail. The use ofchilies and tortillas in now registered with the State of New dezvous. the markers placed by the a variety of edibles added diversity to Mexico, so no one may use this symbol chapter on the Wet and Dry routes will the diets ofAmericans. Many travelers without permission. President LeDoux be dedicated at 1:30 p.m. The cere­ commented on Mexican food, includ­ reminded everyone that election of of­ mony will be held at the marker lo­ ing the luxury of chill verde, and the ficers will be held at the next meeting cated one mile west ofGarfield on U.S. use ofchocolate in M...which Mexicans (place and time to beannounced later). Highway 56. For more Information surely excel every other people.M Frank Torres, a park ranger from contact PresidentVanCoevern at (913) (Josiah Gregg, The Commerce of the Fort Union, gave an Interesting pro­ 825-8349 or David Clapsaddle at (316) Prairies, ed. by Milo Milton Qualfe [Lin­ gram about the New Mexico Volun­ 285-2131. coln: University of Nebraska Press, teers. who joined forces with regular 19671, 147.) army troops to guard against Indian Mountain Branch A final influence was felt in the archi­ attacks and provide escorts for wagon President Roberta Cordova tectural style. The low, flat-roofed trains. The volunteers 'Were also in­ 202 East Sixth SI. structures, made of adobe are numer­ strumental in providing defenses Trinidad, CO 81082 ous along corridors of the Trail in New against the Confederate Army during The chapter met on January 11 at Mexico and Colorado. They range from the Civil War. the Sweet Shop Restaurant in Raton, street scenes in Santa Fe and Las NM. The meeting was arranged by Vegas to the church at San Miguel and Wet/Dry Routes Nancy Robertson. About 40 members Bent's Old Fort. President Joanne VanCoevem and guests enjoyed a luncheon and 4773 N. Wasserman Way viewed the video MWorking and Walt­ The legacy left by Hispanic people M and culture made an Indelible mark Salina, KS 67401 Ing which was presented at the SFTA along Santa Fe Trail routes, and, in The winter chapter meeting was held Symposium In September. turn, on all Americans. International January 19 In Kinsley. with approxi­ The board made plans for the second trade served as a vehicle for this ex­ mately 100 members and guests In annual meeting at Trinidad on March change, enriching the present and fu- attendance. William Y. Chalfant. mem­ 21. 1992. beginning at 10:00 a.m. at ture. . ber of the SFTA governing board. the Best Western Country Club Motor spoke on MThe Battle of Coon Creek." Inn. Board vacancies will be filled at r, CAMP TALES which occurred near present Kinsley. that time and such other business Several chapter awards were pre­ conducted as has come before the cor­ (continued from page 15) sented. Arthur Sayler. Robert Rein, poration. The board will convene for a • David Clapsaddle. and Mildon Yeager short meeting to elect officers immedi­ Corazon de los Caminos were honored for their extraordinary ately after the annual meeting. There President leRoy LeDoux efforts In marking the Wet and Dry will be a luncheon (Dutch) at noon, PO Box 94 routes. Also honored was the late Faye and the program will be presented by Wagon Mound, NM 87752 Anderson for her work for the chapter; Stanley Hordes of Santa Fe, who will The Oct. 20 chapter meeting was at the award was presented to Mrs. An­ speak on MThe Sephardlc Legacy in the Ocate Community Center. with 40 derson's daughter, Joan Forrest. New Mexico: A History of the Crypto­ members and guests present. After the The same officers were elected to Jews." Everyone is welcome to attend business meeting. the group, under serve another year: President Van­ the meeting. Chapter dues are $10.00 gUidance of host Dominic Gonzales of Coevern. Vice-President Tim Burg­ for individuals and $15.00 for families. Ocate, formed a caravan to tour the hart, Sec-Treas Pam Wetzel, and Pro­ Reservations are necessary for the historic sites and features along the gram Chairman David Clapsaddle. luncheon. Contact President Cordova Santa Fe Trail·near Ocate. The Nov. 17 Carllmmenschuh agreed to continue at (719) 846-7721. meeting was held at the Kit Carson as publicity chairman, and Clara On June 29 the chapter will join the Museum at Rayado. Goodrich volunteered to serve as NRA Mountain Men Rendezvous at The chapter met in Wagon Mound on chapter historian. A report on the pro- 10:00 a.m. for the Santa Fe Trail reen-

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actment at the Whittington Center MASSACRE ON THE SANTA FE TRAIL: south ofRaton. The fall meetingwiU be in Lakin, KS. Informal work sessions MR. WHITE'S COMPANY OF UNFORTUNATES are planned as weather permits. Re­ by Hany C. Myers cent projects included recording infor­ mation from several cemeteries and [Myers is the superintendent of Fort sheep were the cost of living on the placing signs on several rivers that the Union National Monument, a student northeastern frontier of the province. Mountain Branch crossed. Now Trail offrontier history, an active member Besides. because the Jicarillas also buffs can identify the streams as they ofSFTA, and afrequent contributor to came to the settlements to trade. they drive by. WT.} provided some commodities not nor­ Dodge City/Fort Dodge THE Santa Fe Gazette, on Saturday mallyavailable. Such commerce bene­ fited both the Jlcarillas and the New , President Pal Robison morning, November 27, 1852, re­ ported: "The account which Chacon Mexicans. Over the years the two sides No record of membership in SFTA had worked out a delicate balance of No address available gives of the massacre of White's com­ pany ofunfortunates, will be read with power and mutual respect by which On December 14. Jon and Pat Robi­ theyshared some ofthesame territory, son, who live in what is known as interest, as there have been so many conflicting reports and surmises in re­ wherein some warfare was an accept­ Custer House at Fort Dodge, held open able part of life. house for SFTA and Ford County His­ lation to that event." Indeed, over the torical Society members. Mrs. Robison years, the story has been told many The Anglo-Americans. beginning conducted tours through the original times, sometimes close to the facts and with the Santa Fe Trail merchants two stone building and pointed out impor­ other times in fanciful versions. It is a decades before the invasion, failed to tant architectural features. About sev­ popular story. It involves the capture understand such an accommodation enty visitors attended, including sev­ ofan American woman by Indians. the to stability. They held a different view eral from the Wet/Dry Routes chapter. shooting of an Indian woman by sol­ ofIndian cultures and sawIndian raid­ diers, a massacre on the Santa Fe ers as destructive enemies who should The next meeting was January 17 at Trail, and a poignant rescue attempt. be forced to maintain peaceful rela­ the Long Branch at Boot Hill Museum In short, It is a dramatic story of con­ tions or be destroyed. When the troops complex. Officers elected for 1992 were flict and death on the Santa Fe Trail. of Gen. Stephen Watts Kearny's Army Pat Robison, president; Jack Fraley, To understand what happened to the oftheWest reached the first New Mexi­ vice-president; Ann Warner, secretary; White party In 1849, it is necessary to can settlement at Las Vegas, Kearny Bob Monaghan. treasurer; and Betty know the background and the series of promised that the Indian raids would Braddock. reporter/historian. Several events that led up to it. be stopped by the conquering United members had taken a Clark County States. Kearny, while speaking In good tour of historical sites on the Fort The American invasion of New Mex­ ico in 1846, an opening salvo in the faith, made a promise that could not Dodge/Fort Supply trail. A discussion be fulfilled for many years.3 was held about thechaptersponsoring Mexican War, upset the traditional In­ a trip to Bent's Fort. dian ways oflife, including those ofthe As Kearny and his force moved on to Jlcarilla Apaches. For some 200 years Santa Fe and, later, to California, vol­ Missouri River Outfitters the Jlcarillas had been alternately unteer troops from Missouri and Illi­ President Roger Slusher friendly traders and then raiders ofthe nois who occupied the newly-gained 1421 South St. settlements in northeastern New Mex­ territory faced a hostile reception by Lexington, MO 64067 ico. The tribe consisted of two bands. New Mexicans and Indians. Uprisings In December the chapter met at the The Olleros (Potters) generally claimed against the occupation force were home of Sandy and Roger Slusher in an area on the west side of the upper crushed at Taos and Mora in early historic Lexington for a Christmas Rio Grande. The Llaneros (Plainsmen) 1847. In northeastern New Mexico, the ranged to the east ofthat river and out JlcarillaApache proved to be the major party. Plans are being made for a 1992 1 trail ride on June 21. Members will onto the plains. problem for both the army and civil­ visit Trailsites at the eastern terminus These bands consisted of family ians. The White massacre of 1849.was and join the lexington Bit and Bridle groups who recognized the authorityof but one Incident ofan on-goingconflict Club wagon train for part of their ride. a central chief only when they wished. with the Jicarillas. A chronology of the For information on the chapter trail Thus, a peace treaty would be made by reported Incidents leading up to the ride, contact Roy Stubbs. PO Box 138, the Spanish or Mexicans with one massacre reveals the impunity with Arrow Rock, MO 65320. band or group while another was raid­ which the Indians could strike and the The Lexington Bit and Bridle Club's ing. Their raids on sheep herds and ineffectiveness of the army. The trou­ wagon train will assemble at Arrow settlements were often caused by hun­ bles started in 1846 shortly after the Rock on Sunday, June 21. The itiner­ ger. By 1846 the JlcarUla were being troops arrived. ary follows: June 22, Arrow Rock to pressured by other tribes, especially Santiago Bone lived at the junction Marshall; June 23, Marshall to Grand. the Comanche, who raided them and ofthe Moraand Sapello rivers, near the Pass; June 24, Grand Pass to Waverly; disrupted their farming activities. The junction of the Mountain and Cimar­ June 25, layover at Waverly; June 26, Comanches and other plains tribes ron routes of the Santa Fe Trail. He Waverly to Dover; June 27, Dover to were being pressed by the westward­ greeted Kearny and the Army of the Lexington; and June 28, Lexington to expanding Americans. When south­ West on their invasion route and pro­ Wellington. Participants may join any western tribes began to trade with the vided them with some fresh provisions. Americans, they became less depend­ part or all of the ride..There is no fee. 2 In October of 1846, while searching for Meals will be available for purchase. ent on New Mexicans for trade Items. some horses stolen from him, Bone For more information on the wagon The New Mexicans, In the absence of was killed by the Indians where Dog train, contact Sandra Hayes, RR 1 Box federal troops or a strong militia, had Creek runs Into the Mora River about 197, Higginsville, MO 64037. The Lex­ learned to live with the periodic raids 10miles east of his home. Although ington Bit and Bridle Club is an insti­ ofthe Jlcarillas and other Indians. The described as "Northern Indians." the tutional member of SFTA. death of a herder and loss of some thieves were probably Jicarilla

18 February 1992

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Apaches.4 requested from Washington additional tions in the area. The troops followed . The first major engagement between mounted troops or permission to them to the east side of the Raton the volunteer American troops and the mount a portion ofthe volunteer infan­ Mountains. had a small skirmish. and Jicartllas occurred in May 1847. east try. Newby authorized New Mexicans captured 32 horses and mules. Boake to organize for themselves and ordered became ill and the command returned of Wagon Mound in the Canadian to Taos. 17 . River Canon. after the Apaches made that arms taken durlpg the Mrevolu­ off with a horse herd which was being tlon" be returned. The Santa Fe Repub­ On July 18 Major Reynolds and 150 grazed near Wagon Mound. After hot lican. in a long article. lamented the men of the 3d Missouri Mounted Vol­ action. the troops recovered some Inability of the troops to stop the unteers. Bill Williams. Robert Fisher. horses but failed to impress \pe Indi­ depredations. 12 and Jim Kirker from Taos. took up the ans with their military might. William Gilpin. commander of the chase. Reynolds divided the command ( In September 1847 at Taos. Judge Battalion of Missouri Volunteers for into three detachments. Near the Ra­ Charles Beaubien requested troops. the Plains. and approximately 300 of­ ton Mountains. the three units came reportingthat the Jicarillas Mhave been ficers and men. left their camp on the together and on the same day were • stealing and murdering individuals Mora River near Barclay's Fort in April. attacked by a large party of Jicartlla and small parties for some time."6 The They marched through the Canadian Apache and Ute Indians. said to be 400 next month at Taos. the Jlcartllas ran River country in search ofComanches. strong. Some 20 to 25 Indians were off over 100 head of cattle and killed to attack their winter villages. The killed and a large number wounded. three Americans in the employ ofa Mr. command moved on to Fortl~ann in Two Americans were killed" and six Tharp. Maj. William Reynolds. 3rd May after a fruitless search. In May were wounded. Capt. Benjamin Missouri Mounted Volunteers. ,nd Maj. Israel B. Donaldson. 5th illinois Salmon of the volunteers was two companies were sent to Taos. In Volunteer Infantry. at Las Vegas. wounded and Bill Williffls was shot in early November. Major Reynolds and mounted some of his men and sent the arm. shattering It. his command set out to find the Jlcar­ them in pursuit of a party of Apaches In August 1848. General Order No. illas. Mwho have for some time been who had been committing many dep­ 23. from the Adjutant General's Office committing depredations on the fron­ redations in that partofthe country. If in Washington. D.C.. dated June 8. tier." The command never found the the troops had any success\!t was not 1848. was received in New Mexico. It Indians and retu~ed to Taos because reported In the Republican. directed that the Illinois and Missouri of a snow storm. Jicartllas attacked the party of Lu­ volunteers be marched home and dis­ On November. 24. 1847. Isaac. Mc- cien B. Maxwell in June. when they charged. It also named Brevet Lt. Col. Carty arrived in Santa Fe from Bent's were heading out from Greenhorn John Washington. 3d Artillery, as the Fort. He reported that his train was (Pueblo. Colorado) on their way to Taos mlUtary governor of New Mexico Terri­ attacked by 50 or 60 Indians two days with 600 deerskins. horses. and tory. By late August the volunteers north of Las Vegas. Six Indians were mules. Mrs. Brown. wife of John were well on their way back east. On killed. and no one in the American Brown. a Greenhorn storekeeper. and October 11. Washington. who train was hurt.9 A reliable source re­ her child narrowly escaped capture. marched from Monterrey. Mexico. with ported to the Santa Fe Republican in The party retreated back to qreen­ his artillery company. arrived In Santa late December that Francis X. Aubry horn. Later in the month. about the Fe and assumed command of the 9th 14th. orphans Mary and James Tharp Military Department. Less than 500 ~~r~~b~~~~o:~sL:~~~~tothe (aged 4 and 6). were taken by Lucien troops guarded New Mexico. Two com­ Jim Beckwourth. the famous black B. Maxwell. Charles Town. and twelve panies were stationed in Santa Fe. one mountain man. left Santa Fe on No­ others from Bent's Fort to try another in Taos. and two others were divl1~d vember 2 L 1847. carrying the mail to route to Taos. After seeing signs of among several towns in the south. Fort Leavenworth. At the Canadian Indians on the Purgatory River. they With the departure ofthe volunteers. Crossing he ran Into Indians who headed for the pass Immediately east the remaining regular troops at­ chased him back to Wagon Mound and of Raton Pass. known then as MManco tempted to make peace. At Taos in late from there to the Turkey Mountains Burro" pass. At the top of the pass, on November or early December 1848. where he lost his pursuers. He then June 19. they were attacked by about Brevet Lt. Col. Benjamin L. Beall's 2nd headed directly for Fort Leavenworth. 150 Indians. Charles Town and four Dragoons captured several Jicarlllas arriving on December 13. On January others were killed. Most of the others and had a conference with them. r 2. 1848. he left Fort Leavenworth with were injured. and Maxwell was seri­ threatening reprisal If they did notstop two others on his return to Santa Fe. ouslywounded In the neck. The Tharp their attacks. Beall hoped that tou~ After a skirmish with Pawnees west of children were captured. The survivors talk would keep them from raiding. 0 '.~ Fort Mann. and a brief stop at Bent's escaped toward Taos. One ofthe party For a while. during the winter months Fort. he caught up with a party ofmen who was not injured made it to"Taos at least. the Jicarillas were quiet. With in the employ of the major fur com- and sent soldiers to the relief of the the coming ofspring. however. reports .pany. Bent& St. Vrain. on the Vermejo others. The Tharp children were ran­ of trouble Oared anew. Department somed several months later by Taos River south of present Raton. New 15 CommanderWashington wrote the ad­ Mexico. From that point. they were merchants for $160. jutant general on March 29. 1849: chased by Apaches to the Mora River. On July 18. 1848. the Santa Fe Re­ MSome change has taken place in the Beckwourth then went west over the publican reported: MWe understand aspect of our Indian Relations In this mountains to Santa Fe. where he ar- " 11 that in the vicinity of the Wagon Territory. The depredations which rived on February 10. 1848. Mound. the Indians are very trouble­ were but few, have ... become of In late March the Jlcarillas raided some. attacking almost every train as frequent occurrence." To supplement within four miles ofLas Vegas. Pursuit they pass."16 During July Capt. the meager number ofsoldiers. Wash­ on foot by the Illinois Volunteer Infan­ Samuel Boake. 3rd Missouri Mounted ington raised ~our companles of New try was useless as the Indians rode off Volunteers. left Taos with 60 soldiers Mexico Militia. 1Capt. Jose MariaVal­ on horses. Col. Edward W. B. Newby. in pursuit of a large party of Indians dez was in charge of about 50 mem­ in temporary command at Santa Fe. who had been committing depreda- bers of the Taos Mounted Volunteers.

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Alexander Papin was captain ofa Com­ and other hiding places of the Indians was just buying time. If Lobo was sin­ pany ofNew Mexico Volunteer Infantry as long as there is a chance of finding cere, full and ample restitution for all stationed at Barclay's Fort, "where set­ the authors ofseveral recent depreda­ the depredations that had been com­ tlers we more exposed to the Indi­ tions on the stock ofthe inhabitants of m itted would have to be ~~de before ans."2 A detachment of Company C, this region." peace could be concluded. 3rd Artillery, comprised of one ser­ Judd also complained that much of Meanwhile, Captain Valdez of the geant. one corporal, and ten privates, the problem lay with the ranchers and Taos Mounted Volunteers had skir­ was sent from Taos to Rayado, Max­ settlers: "Instead of turning out in mished with some Apaches near Cos­ well's settlementon the east side ofthe common and herding their animals so tilla (northeast of the Canadian River Sangre de Cristos (south of present­ that they may not be driven away, they just south of the Colorado border), day Cimarron). on April 29. They were send them many miles from home un­ where it was reported tha~Jour New to help protect the new settlement and der the care of little boys or decrepit Mexicans had been killed. Captain establish a grazing camp for army live­ men and when the Indians are an­ Judd, at Las Vegas, reported that stock. All seemed quiet on the north­ nounced, in place of gathering their Apaches were coming through the area eastern frontier, until a band of neighbours in the pursuit or defence, after trading in the "Bosque" on the Apaches was reported to be raiding they abandon their property, and send Pecos River to the south. He also had near Santa Barbara (on the western off to the nearest Alcalde or Prefect, information that traders from the town side of the mountains near Penasco frequently a distance of 9 or 12 miles, of Mora had delivered 13 barrels of and Picuris Pueblo), stealing horses (as occurred a few days since with a liquor near or to the town of San and sheep.23 man at Tecolote) to tell the news, and Miguel which was sent to the Indians Colonel Beall sent Sergeant James ask what is to [be) done. Ten thousand at the "Bosque." The route of the Bally and twelve dragoons from Taos soldietr. could not protect such peo­ Apaches was apparently through on May 19, 1849, to "ascertain the ple."2 But while Judd was frustrated Mora, to Rayado, and on to the Canon facts." Bally found the Indians at a hot at Las Vegas, Jicarilla Chief Chacon, of the Canadian River. Judd supposed spring four miles from Santa Barbara. under the threat of an attack by the "that after leaVing their families in a In an interview with the alcalde of soldiers, came into Taos with his band secure place, the Apaches w~l return Santa Barbara and Jicarilla Chiefs to sue for peace. to this frontier for plunder."2 Fleche Vayada and Chacon. Bally Lobo, a Llanero chief who, after the In mid-July at Taos, Indians at­ found the report to be false. Continu­ death of Jose Antonio, became the tempted to run offthe horse herd ofthe ing on to another band camped in the principal chief of the Jlcarillas, sent a volunteers, who managed to fend off vicinity with the two chiefs, Sergeant message to Col. Beall, requesting the Indians and capture two of their Bally reminded them "of the Treaty peace. Beall sent for Lobo and also horses. Sergeant Williams with fifteen that they had lately made promising sent Lt. Joseph Whittlesey and forty dragoons and 30 volunteers were sent not to molest the Mexicans, but to live dragoons to Cieneguilla. 25 miles east through Pueblo Canon toward the Lit­ by themselves." Bally foresaw no of Taos (present-day Angel Fire, New tle Cimarron and Rayado to chastise trouble and returned to Taos where his Mexico), where It was reported that the Indians, while a lieutenant and action met with the approval ofBeall.24 twenty men were sent to the Canadian Apaches were kllling and driving off 3o While the Jicarilla were peaceful east cattle. Whittlesey found that the Indi­ River to defend the stock there. of the Rio Grande, it was a different ans who had committed the depreda­ It appeared that the summer was story to the west at Abiquiu. Capt. tions had joined Lobo's band. The lieu­ heating up in more ways than one. If John Chapman. commanding the tenant was going to attack them, but Lobo had been sincere about peace. Santa Fe Mounted Volunteer Guards, Chino. a son of Lobo, said they were his tribe was not paying attention to reported that ten people were killed at. coming in under promise of protection him. While some of the depredations Abiquiu on May 30 by Apaches. Chap­ and that he would be responsible on could have been committed by the Ute man pursued the Indians and the next behalf of his father, for restitution of Indians, there was sufficient evidence day, southwest of Abiquiu on the Rio any depredations. Lieutenant Whittle­ that both bands of the Jicarillas were Del Gso, found, attacked, and drove sey then left to find the extent of the involved. The next action ended all them from their camp. He estimated depredations, which turned out to be chances for peace. that 18 to 20 Indians out of the 200 to two cows killed and the driving off of On August 16,1849, a partyofabout 400 hundred had been killed, includ­ three or four more. 40 Jlcarilla Apaches left their camp ing their chlef(probably Jose Antonio). On his return to Taos, Whittlesey about a half-mile outside of Las Vegas Chapman's servant boy was killed and learned that Lobo and Chacon had and went into town. Captain Judd got three privates were w~~nded, one of argued after he left. Chacon, whose word that they were trying to trade for whom died on June 1. band had committed the raid, agreed, ammunition, while Chacon, in a later Southeast across the mountains, after a lengthy talk and threats by interview, said they had come in to talk Brevet Capt. HenryJudd, 3rd Artillery, Lobo, to make full restitution for the peace. Judd issued an order forbid­ commanding the Post at Las Vegas raid. Later, on the way to meet with ding any trade with the Indians and which had been established on April Col. Beall. Lobo ran into a band of the had a talk with some of them, which 30, reported that Indians on the plains late Jose Antonio, who had stolen convinced him that their intentions were watching for an opportunity to some animals from Ranchos de Taos. were anything but pacific. Some indi­ steal livestock. On June 1 a man ar­ Lobo ordered them to return what they ans were recognized as haVing treated, rived in Las Vegas on foot from Rayado had stolen. They complied, returning falsely Judd said, for peace at Taos. He and reported he had been robbed 19 horses and mules. Lobo notified also suspected they were the same twenty miles north ofBarclay's Fort by Col. Beall that it would take two or Indians who had recently committed a band of five men who called them­ three days to get all his people together murders and robberies at Mora and at selves Apaches. Judd recommended a and then they would talk. If Lobo did the ranch of Samuel Watrous near stronger force at Rayado. On June 12, come to Taos and talk with Col. Beall, Barclay's Fort. Captain Judd also Judd sent Captain Papin and a part of the results of that conference are lost. learned that another band ofJicarillas his volunteers "to scour the mountains Lieutenant Whittlesey thought Lobo was 10 miles below at Los Valles, at-

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tempting to trade for ammunltlon.31 had a clashontheCimarronRiverwith reached 110 Mile Creek on the Santa Indians who stampeded several of Fe Trail east of Council Grove. As the Based on these convictions, Judd 34 determined to seize the Indians. After their mules. caravan moved closer to New Mexico, their talk and Judd's abrupt dismissal Captain Judd, still determined to cold and stormy weather was encoun­ of the party, they had mounted their stop the Jlcarilla raiding, sent Lieuten­ tered. In a not unusual move, William horses. The captain then ordered Lt. ant Burnside with a detachment of Calloway, Aubry's wagonmaster, de­ Ambrose Burnside and hismen to sad­ troops to find the Apache Camp on cided to go on ahead for fresh mules. dle up and proceed to theIndian camp. September 16. Burnside first led the White, seeing an opportunity to arrive He sent Judge Herman Grolman, pre­ command to the Gallinas (Turkey) . sooner and get his family to comfort­ fect of the county, ahead to try to Mountains, Ma noted stronghold ofthe able quarters, deCided to go along as persuade the Indians into giving up Jlcartllas," and then to the MCanon of did several others. About October 18, the Red [Canadian! River." Findingthe Calloway, James M. White, his wife (' and to point out the futility of resis­ tance. Judge Grolman, after talklngfor remnants ofa large encampment, they Ann Dunn White, their daughter Vir­ considerable time, returned. Lieuten­ pursued the trail down the Canadian ginia, White's two servants (Ben Bush­ ant Burnside and men advanced, valley through MCanon Largo" to man, a mulatto, and an unnamed halted in hopes of recaliing the Indi­ MCaDon de lasSlnta,"where they found black woman), Mr. Lawberger (a Ger­ ans, and received a hail ofbullets and the fresh trail of a war party coming man), and twoJlew Mexicans left the arrows from the retreating band. from the direction of Los Valles. Con­ main caravan. Burnside ordered a charge, and with tlnuing· on, Burnside soon realized West of Palo Blanco Creek and east sabres drawn, the troops sailed into that the Apaches were aware of his of Point of Rocks, In present-day Col­ the mounted Apaches. In essentially pursuit. The Indians were moving fast fax County, New Mexico, on or about no contest, Captain Judd estimated and the troops, without com for the October 24, White and the men of his that only eight to ten Indians escaped horses and suffering from the cold Mcompany of unfortunates" were mur~ in the running hand-to-hand battle chilling rains, gave up the chase after dered by Jicarilla Apaches. The Indi­ over nine miles, and that many Indian eight days. Although Burnside did not ans spared the lives ofthe women but bodies were left lying In the ravines. overtake the Indians, Captain Judd took them captive. An employee of Five women, a boy, and a man were noted that nothing had been heard of Charles Spencer, a Mr. Muller, who brought in as prisoners. The man es­ Indians in the settlements since the was leading five wagons along the trail caped that night. Lieutenant Burnside command started. But Judd ~d only three or four days after the massacre, bought qUiet for a little while. was wounded below the ear, Lance • described the scene. He first came on Sergeant Francis Ambrose was At the same time Lieutenant Burn­ the skeletons ofthe two New Mexicans wounded byan arrow passing through side started on September 16, Alexan­ who had been killed while sitting by a his forearm, and Private Meader re­ der Barclay, who was returning from fire. About a mile farther on and one­ ceived a contusion below the eye from the states on the Santa Fe Trail, was quarter mlle off the road, Muller found a lance. Fearing retaliation, Judd sent camped east of Soldier Creek In east­ two upset carriages. Upon closer in­ forty of Ca8tain Papin's volunteers to ern Kansas when James M. White and spection, the body of White was found Los Valles. 2 his caravan of 13 wagons passed him. with many lance and bullet wounds. Judd's hunch paid offwhen, on Sep­ White had operated a large general The lower portion ofhis body had been tember 8, Apaches robbed the rancho store in Warsaw, Missouri. Probably eaten by wolves. Calloway's body had of Chaparito, about 10 miles south of heartngofthe potential riches In Santa a bullet wound in the chest, Lawberger Los Valles. Papin, on the chase, di­ Fe from the returning Missouri Volun­ had one in the neck, and Bushman vided his force after the Indian trail teers of 1846, White and his brother was also lying there dead. The car­ split about 15 miles out. Captain Pa­ Charles entered the Santa Fe trade in riages had been stripped and de­ pin took command of twenty men and 1848. Arriving in Santa Fe In mld­ stroyed by buffalo hunters who had Sergeant William Miller took charge of July, the brothers rented a room near happened on the scene not long after the rest. In another six miles, at mldc the northeast comerofthe plaza. Open the massacre and were also attacked night, Sergeant Miller came upon the for business, the brothers first adver­ by the Indians. One hunter was killed Indian camp. The volunteers crawled tised In the July 24, 1848, Issue ofthe and a boy from the hunters' party was up to the camp, fired two volleys, and Santa Fe Republican as MCheap Mer­ wounded and left for dead. AU that charged with bayonets. The Apaches, chants,M MCheaper than the Cheap­ remained was a little rocking chair belon~g to White's daughter Vir­ .. surprised and in complete confusion, est."36 were easily routed. Five bodies were The brothers did well with their first ginia. found and many more Indians were venture in the Santa Fe trade. James Before Muller happened on the wounded. ChlefVetrillo was killed and left Santa Fe in October, bound for St. scene, Hugh N. Smith, New Mexico's • his wife captured along with a herd of Louis and carrying $58,000 In gold delegate to Congress, and a party of 150 cattle. Property was given to the and silver coins and buUlon. Encour­ others who were on the way to Wash­ volunteers as a reward for excellent aged by tWs success, James spent the Ington D. C., came upon the boy who service. Captain Judd In his report of winter in Missouri with his fam ily and had crawled to Point of Rocks. He told September 10, caMfd the action a Mbril­ planned next year's trip. Charles may them what had happened. Taking the liant little affair." have accompanied him or stayed In boy, Smith's party immediately turned Later that month, east ofRabbit Ear New Mexico, for in August of 1849 he around and headed for the safety of Creek, James Brown ofBrown & Rus­ was noted as returning to Santa Fe Las Vegas.40 sell (government freight contractors), from Chihuahua. At any rate, James Meanwhile, headed from the east Moses Goldstein, and another man planned to take his wife and daughter was a party compr1sed of Charles L. with him in 1849, perhans to make were robbed by Apaches. Set free, the 37 Spencer, Alexander Barclay, George S. men made it safely Into Independence. their home in New Mexico. Simpson, and Isaac Adamson. W. F. Dewebber and several others By September 22, James White, his .Spencer had left his train and Mr. shortly thereafter were delayed on family, and wagon train, together with Muller at Cold Spring after running their return to the states, when they Francis X. Aubry and his train, had into the bad weather. He and the oth-

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ers planned a quick run Into Las Vegas tain Valdez's Mounted New Mexico three, one so badly that it later died. to send corn back out to the train. Volunteers. along with two mountain Fearing a stampede. Sergeant Swart· Although moving fast, they moved howitzers.43 wout ordered her to be shot. Sergeant faster after the night of October 25 Back In Santa Fe, on November 1, Mortimer pulled a pistol out of his when they passed bodies on the road. Alexander Barclay was interviewed by holster and shot her dead. "and thus They camped briefly at Point ofRocks, Superintendent Calhoun. who called her mission ended." The command keeping an alert watch for any return­ Barclay a Mvery qUiet. cool, and consid­ continued their escort to the Lower Ing Indians. Continuing to Wagon erate gentleman." Barclay knew the Spring of the Clmarron (south of pre­ Mound the next day, they caught up area and Indians well. having served sent Ulysses. Kansas) where they left with the returning Hugh Smith party. for several years as the factor at Bent's the mail party and returned 1~ Las They reached Barclay's Fort on the Fort and now as owner of a similar Vegas without further incident. morning of October 27. WhUe Barclay establishment at La Junta. He re­ At Taos. Captains Grier and Valdez, remained, Smith and the others con­ ported toCalhoun thathe had notseen with a combined force of 90 men and tinued on to Las Vegas arriving that the bodies of White and his party. two mountain howitzers hit the traU on same evening. Barclay Immediately rather the bodies were those of the November 4. With the command were sent a dispatch to the alcalde at Mora, buffalo hunters, Mnot yet cold In two experienced guides, Antlone Ler­ who in tum sent the news on to Judge death." He also saw the upset carriage. oux and Robert Fisher from Taos. At Beaubien at Taos. Spencer raised the but because it was night and great Maxwell's Rayado settlement, on the alarm in Las Vegas and sent word of 41 peril was apprehended, the party eastern edge of the mountains. the the murders on into Santa Fe. qUickly moved on. Barclay deSCribed command camped. When they left. Kit James S. Calhoun, superintendent ,the fate of the buffalo hunters and the Carson went with them as another of Indian affairs in New Mexico, wrote wounded boy, who was picked up by guide for the expedltlon.47 the commlssioner of Indian affairs on . Smith. Although the boy thought the Captain Grier later reported: MWe October 29 with the news brought Indians went to the northwest, Barclay crossed the mountains, which enclose from Las Vegas. He noted that Spencer after Investigation, concluded that this valley, In the direction of'Rayado,' had seen the dead bodies ofMr. White they had Mmade for the Canons of the passing by that point, on our route to and five or six others of the party. and Red [Canadian) Rlve'4 In the direction the 'Point of Rocks.. near which place an upset baggage wagon that was bro­ of the Rio del Norte." 4 . we expected to find the trail of the ken Into pieces. But most disturbing Indians. On the 9th of November we was the report that Spencer and party Calhoun. in his report of the Inter­ view with Barclay, stated that Jicarllla discovered a camp which they had oc­ had, the next day, run Into some cupied, on a smallstream called by the Pueblo Indians (probably with the buf­ Apaches had done the deed. He de­ scribed them as Mnot considered a nu­ Mexicans 'Palo Blanco'. some eight or falo hunters) who had just been In the ten m Ues east ofthe 'Point of Rocks.' Apache camp and saw an American merous band; but they are bold, dar­ woman and her daughter. supposed to Ing, and adventurous spirits; and they MThe letters, papers &c. found be Ann and Virginia White. Both were say, they have never encountered the strewedabout this camp, were conclu­ sive evidence that here had been the known to have been with Mr. White. face of a white foe, who did not quaU, but no evidence of their bodies was and attempt to fly from them." In a hiding place ofthose Indians who, two weeks previously, had murdered Mr. J. found. It was therefore safe to assume cryptic comment, Calhoun, perhaps M. White and his party." they might be captives. Calhoun be­ unfairly, also implied that the buffalo lleved that Col. John Munroe. com­ hunters and the Apache had a com­ FollOWing the trail of the Indians, mon purpose, Mthe reward ofrapine."45 manding the 9th MlUtary Department Grier's command headed for the Cana­ in Santa Fe. would shortly take action. At Las Vegas, on November 1, Cap­ dian River canon country, long a place He also reported that he had secured tain Judd prepared to send an escort of refuge and retreat for raiding Jlcar­ the services of a New Mexican trader. with a mall wagon and clvUlan party IlIa Apaches. The trail was the "most difficult" that Kit Carson had ever foI- .Encarnacion Garcia, who was confi­ bound for the states. Commanded by 48 dent that he could secure the release Sergeant PhUlp Swartwout, the escort lowed. The Indians would camp to- of Mrs. White and her chUd.42 included twentysoldiers and one ofthe gether and separate during the day, Calhoun, who had arrived In Santa captive Jicarllla women, who could be follOWing different routes to the next Fe in July, and Colonel Munroe, who traded If they ran Into those holding camp. The gUides found In almost replaced Lieutenant Colonel Washing­ Mrs. White. After several days on the every camp, evidence of Mrs. White, such as a piece of calico, a shoe, or a ton on October 23, faced their first road, the party halted for the night major crisis. The news of the White approximately five miles east of Point leafof a book. The guides were kept in ~n massacre had arrived on the night of of Rocks. The Indian woman asked advance of each day's march. ever the alert for the retreating Indlans.4 the 28th from both Taos and Las permission to go to the top of a small Vegas. Munroe immediately sent an knoll near the trail. Permission given, Finally, a week after leaving Taos. on express to Capt. William Grier, com­ she climbed the knoll. sat down. and November 15, the party came upon manding officer at the Post of Taos. cried the night through. so loud as to fresh signs of the Indians. Grier and Monroe thought that Grier knew ofthe disturb the camp. In the morning she the men left the pack train and moved Incident and gave him authority to use appeared calm and sat near the fire forward, camping four mUes on. be­ his judgment In seeking the recovery smoking her pipe. When ordered Into cause of the dark night. The next of Mrs. White and daughter. Grier re­ a wagon by a teamster. she grabbed a morning a fresh trail was followed ceived the express on October 31. He knife lying nearby and stabbed him away from the river, which led them In notified Munroe that he would march superficially In several places. He ran, a Circle back up the river. where an from Taos on November 3 to the other stumbled. and fell as another teamster Indian camp was found with fire in the side of the mountains toward the Ca­ came up and struck the Indian woman ashes. The guides supposed the Indi­ nadian and Arkansas rivers. He took down. She then rose and chased the ans had left that morning. Grier's com­ all the available men of his Company second teamster, who dodged behind mand camped without provisions and I. 1st Dragoons, and forty men ofCap- and around the mules. In frustration set out at daylight the morning of the she attacked the mules. stabbing 17th. After a short march objects were

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sighted in the distance a few miles off. deal...53 in the account of Robert Duffus and Grier and his men charged, and after The soldiers also found thirty Indian the 1940 WPA New Mexico Guide a run of five or six miles discovered lodges, saddles, bridles, cooking uten­ which also located the massacre at they were chasing wUd horses.50 sils, provisions, robes, and two Indian Wagon Mound. Those who relied upon Disappointed, they returned to the children about three years of age. The first-hand material found Chacon's trail which became fresher as they children were given to Jesus Silva and account in the Santa Fe Gazette and repeated the mistakes ,.hich Chacon moved along at a long gallop. After Juan Tafoya, who took them to Ray­ 5 some fifteen miles, they discovered an ado. About 70 Indian ponies were cap­ so glibly told as truth. Indian making for the river. Pursuing tured and turned over to the volun­ The story of the White massacre has him, they came upon the Apache teers. But no sign was found of Vir­ indeed become a modern-day legend. camp, "on 'Red RiVer' 15 miles south ginia, Mrs. White's daughter. A couple The fascination with the story in all its of 'Toon-Koon-Karre Butte.... and sources in the next few years would variations reveals its popularity. Per­ halted within 100 yards ofthe camp to assert that she was killed at the same haps that is because we are reminded let thestragglingtroopsand the moun­ time as her mother, and her hody ofa time and place where people faced tain howitzers all catch up. MajorGrier thrown into the river. Others claimed physical danger and hardship dally • was struck in the breast by an Indian she was still alive and liVing on the along the Trail. Perhaps, in our fasci­ bullet. Only his folded gloves stuffed Jicarilla reservation as late as 1918, nation with this story, we long for that into his coat saved him from death. dying in 1935. The body of the black dally excitement. And perhaps it Is Indian warriors mounted their horses woman servant had been found earlier because of such excitement that the and "bravadoed" in front ofthe troops, near the Point of Rocks, and it was Santa Fe Trail has called to so many, while their women and children were speculated that she was killed the and still calls to you and me today. mounting horses and getting away.51 same time as White and the other men.54 With all the troops gathered except NOTES the guides, and the mountain howit­ Major Grier and the command left 1. Veronica E Velarde Tiller. The JicarillB Apache Tri», zers now with tbe command, they the next morning on their march A History, 1846-1970 (lincoln: UnivelSity of He­ home, after setting fire to the Indian bfaska Press, 1983), 13-14; Moms E Opler, '.Rear­ charged the village of forty warriors ilia Apache Territory, Economy, and Society in and chased the Indians, skirmishing camp. Heading for Barclay's Fort, on 1850,' Southwestern Journal of Anthropology, 'Z1 as they ran. But the Jicarillas on fresh November 23, they were overtaken by (Winter 1971): 309-329. horses easily out ran the jaded cavalry . a severe sleet and snow storm driven 2. Tiller, Jicari/la Apache, 14; David J. Weber, 'Ameri­ mounts and the Indians fled in all by heavy winds while on the prairie. can Westward Expansion and the Breakdown of The troops suffered greatly but only Relations between Pobladores and 'Indios BArbaros, directions. Six Indians were killed and on Mexico's Far Northern Frontier, 1821-1846: Myth several wounded. Grier's wound and one person (Grier's servant) froze to andthe Histof'/ oftheHisp81lic Southwest(Albuquer­ thatofDr. H. F. Reed, who was slightly death. The command reached the suc­ que: University of New Mexico Press, 1990), 117­ wounded in the ~ip, were the only cor of Las Vegas on the 24th ~~ re­ 132. soldier casualties. 2 turned to Taos on November 29. 3. Stephen Watts Kearny was appointed a first lieuten­ ant in the 13th Infantry in 1812. Serving much of hill Returning to the Indian camp, where Almost immediately stories about career on the frontier, he was appointed colonel of the soldiers camped for the night, the the White massacre and the events the 1st Dragoons in 1836, and promoted to brigadier body of Mrs. White was found about that surrounded it started to spread. general in 1846. He died in 1848. Francis B. Heit­ Calhoun wrote the commissioner of man, Historical RegisterandDictionary ofthe United 300yards from the lodges. While Major States Army (2 vols.; Washington, Gowmment Grier and Kit Carson speculated that Indian affalrs on March 25, 1850, "I Printing Office, 1903), I, 586; W. H. Emory, LJeutsn. she was killed for refusing to go with have noticed In several straggling ant Emof'/ Reports: A reprint of Lieutenant W. H. the Indians, others thought she was newspapers, published in the United Emory's notes ofa Military ReconnsissBnce (AIlu­ querque: University of New Mexico Press, 1951),50. running toward the charging com­ States in December and January last, various statements In relation to the 4. land Records of New Mexico, Surveyor General Fie mand when shot in the back through 206, Microfilm ron 30, frame 957, Testimony of San­ the heartwith an arrow. "The bodywas efforts made here for the rescue ofMrs. tiago Bone Jr., New Mexico State Records Center buried with every care to prevent the White and her daughter; in which the and Archives (NMSRAl, Santa Fe. possibility of being disturbed, in fu­ shadow of a truth Is not discernible." 5. lansing B. Bloom, "The Taos Rebellion: Old Ssnts ture, by wolves or Indians." Carson, Indeed, as the stories were told and Fe, 1 (Oct. 1913): 202-207. when dictating his autobiography sev­ re-told, the truth faded.56 6. Charles Beaubien was of French-Canadian birth and eral years later, was certain that had Uncle Dick Wootton. who claimed to resided in New Mexico at the time of the Invasion. • He was appointed by Kearny to serve as one of the · the Indiansbeen attacked immediately be in the rescue party. told a fantastic three United States Justices. Annie H. Abel, 'Indian she would have been saved. "However, story that the Whites were in a stage­ Affairs under William Carr lane, I," New MeJdco the treatment she had receiVed from coach on their way to Santa Fe to visit Historical Review, 16 (April, 1941): 218; Ssnts Fe Republican, Sept 17, 1847. • them was so brutal and horrible that friends. Passing through a narrow de­ she could not possibly have lived long. file, east of Point of Rocks, the stage 7. WiUiam Reynolds was elected and appointed mejor in the 3rd Missouri Mounted Volunteers in June 1847. Her death, I think, should never be was attacked, stopped, and the pas­ He was mustered out in August 1848; Santa Fe regretted by her friends." But Carson sengers killed, except for Mrs. White Republican, Oct. 30. 1847. also in his autobiography lamented and child. Col. Henry Inman, in his 8. Santa Fe Republican, Nov. 13, 1847. that a book had been found at the 1897 book The Old Santa Fe TraU, em­ 9. Ibid., Nov. 27, 1847. The atlad< would haw taklIn Indian camp, representing Carson as belUshed Wootton's account and said place in the vicinity of the Ocate Crossing on the a "great hero." He thought possibly it took place in 1847 at the Canadian Mountain Route. McCarty was a partner of and a wagonmaster for Bullard, Hooke & Co. of Inde­ Mrs. White had read it, and knowing River canyon. James A. Bennettserved pendence, Mo. he lived near, prayed for him to save in the 1stDragoons and arrived in New 10. FrarK;Ois X. Aubry, (1824-1854), known as the"tele­ her. "Major Grier took possession of Mexico in October of 1850, one year graph of the plains" because of his record-braaJdng Mrs. White's things. She had a prayer after the massacre. He claimed, how­ rides between Santa Fe and the states, was a Santa book in her hand and was evidently ever, to have been part of the rescue Fe trader, who by this time had made _raJ jour­ neys across the plains. Donald Chaput, F~ X. prepared for death. She was making party, which went out in March of Aubry, Trader, Trai/maker, and VOyag81H in the peace although her shoes were cutand 1851 after White had been killed at Southwest, 1846-1854 (Glendale: Arthur H. Clark she evidently had walked a great Wagon Mound. White became a doctor Co., 1975); the Mom or Mora referred to the MOI1l

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RiYef at ilII Junc:tion wilh the Sapello RIver at pI9lI8llt­ raid and was a member of the legislature. Manco Burro Pass attack on the Maxwell party in day Watrous, New Mexico. Alter Bone was killed, in Alexander Papin (1817-1849) was a member of the 1848, in which Chino was kiUed, and two children, a 1848, Alexander Barclay built an adobe fortress and venerable fur trading Chouteau family. He was the boy and girl. were captured by the Jicarillas. Chacon trading house at this location. Santa Fe Republicsn, son 01 Alexander laForce Papin and Julie Brazeau misplaced events both in time and location. Although Jan. 1, 1848. and grandson of Marie Louis Chouteau Papin. Alex· the Gazette caned Chacon's account "in the main 11. Santa Fe Republicsn, Feb. 12, 1848; Louise BaITy, ander Papin was shot and killed by a Mr. Wheeler in correct,' it also caught him in a mistake. All in ai, The Beginning of the West: Annsls of the Kansas Santa Fe in late November 01 1849. New Mexico Chacon's account is not to be retied upon, except as Gateway to the American West, 1540-1854 (Topeka: Census, 1850, San Miguel and Taos Counties, Mi­ events as viewed by'himself, and llOSSibly not even Kansas Stste Historical Society, 1972), 730. crofilm 432, roll 469, NA; Mary B. Cunningham and that Abel, "Indian Affairs under WiUism Carr Lane," Jeanne C. Blythe, The Founding Family ofSt. Louis 255; John Greiner's notes and manuscript, RI 541 (A 12. Edward W. B. Newby was appointed captain in the (St Louis: Piraeus Publishers, 1977), 192, 196; & B), Huntington Library; Santa Fe Gazette, Nov. 27, 5th IUinois Volunteer Infantry in May 01 1847, and Santa Fe New Mexicsn, Nov. 24, 1849; Henry Judd 1852. elected colonel 01 the regiment in June. He was to John Dickerson, May3, 1849, M1102, roll1,frame mustered out in October 1848. He was appointed a 32. Ambrose Everett Burnside was graduated from the 675, NA captain in the 1st Cavalry in 1855, served in the 4th U.S. Military Academy and appointed to the artillery Cavally in 1861, and promoted to major 01 the 3rd 23. Orders No.9, April 29, 1849, Maj. BeaU, Taos, in 1847. He resigned in' 1853 but was re-appointed Cavally in July of 1862. Newby retired in Sept 1863. M1102, roll " frame 242, NA. as a colonel 01 Rhode Island Volunteers in 1861, Heitman, Historiesl Register, I, 744; Sants Fe Re­ 24. The 'Treaty" was probably the talk Beall had with the brigadiergeneral in 1861, and majorgeneral in 1862. publicsn, April 2, 1848, also oontains Col. Newby's JicariUas in Nov. or Dec. 1848, not a formal treaty. He was awarded the thanks 01 Congress in 1864 and Order No. 22, dated Man:h 27, 1848. Beall to Dickerson, May 19, 1849; Dickerson to Beall, resigned in 1865. Herman Grolman was listed as living in Las Vegas, occupation 01 prefect, age 43, 13. Sants Fe Republicsn, May 3, 1848; Leo E. Oliva, May 22, 1849; Sergeant James Bally to BeaU, May and from Germany, in the 1850 Census. Heitman, "Missouri Volunteers on the Santa Fe Trail, 1847­ 23, 1849; Dickerson to Beall, May 25, 1849, M1102, Historiesl Register, I, 266; New Mexico Census, 1848," Trail Guide, 15 (Sept. 1970): 7-8. WiUism roB 1, NA 1850, San Miguel and Taos Counties, M432, roll 469, Gilpin later served as the finIt governor of Colorado 25. Chapman said that a chief had been kiUed but did not NA; Greiner, Interview notes 01 WilUam Mortimer, RI Territory. Fort Mann was just west 01 present Dodge give his name. A letter 01 June 18 mentioned the 541 (A). City, Kansas. death of Jose Antonio, a Jicarilla chief. John Chap­ 33. Ibid.; Judd to Dickerson, Aug. 16 & 25,1849, M1102, 14. Santa Fe Republicsn. May 23, 1848; Israel B. Don­ man to Washington, May 31 & June 2, 1849, M1102, roO " frames 741, 745, NA; Muster Roll of Captain aldson was mustered into service June 1847 and roO 1, frames 358..:359, NA Papin's Company 01 Volunteers, 1849, Territorial mustered out in August 1848. During most 01 his Henry Bethel Judd was graduated from the U. S. of 26. Archives of New Mexico, Microfilm, roll 85, frame 29. time in New Mexico he commanded the post at Las Militaly Academy and appointed to the artillery in Vegas. 1839. He was breveted a captain, 1847, in the Mexi­ 34. BaITy, Beginning ofthe West, 889. 15. Santa Fe Republicsn, May 13, June 27. July 6, & Aug. can War, and colonel, 1865. Judd died in July 1892. 35. Judd to Dickerson. Sept 29, 1849, M1102, roO " 1, 1848; Janet Lecompte, "The Manco Burro Pass Heitman, Historiesl Register, I, 584. Judd to Dicker­ frame 764, NA. Massacre," New Mexico Historiesl Review, 41 (Oct. son, June " 12 & 13, 1849, 1.41102, roU 1, frames 36. Alexander Barday (1810-1855) was bom in England 1966):305..:318. The children's father, William Tharp, 696,709,711, NA and served as the superintendent of Bent's Fort, was kHled by Comanches in May 1847 east of 27. Joseph Whittlesey was graduated from the U. S. 1838-1842. In 1848 he built a similar trading estab­ PalMlee Rock. BaITy, Beginning ofthe West, 686. Militaly Academy in 1844 and assigned to the 2nd lishment at the junction of the Mora and Sapelo 16. Santa Fe Republicsn, July 18, 1848. Dragoons. Transferred to the 1st Dragoons in 1845, rivers, near the junction of the Mountain and Cimar­ he was breveted 1st lieutenant in the Mexican War ron routes of the Santa Fe Trail. George P. Ham­ 17. Ibid.• Aug. 1, 1848. in 1847. He retired in Nov. 1863 with the rank of mond, The Adventures ofAlexander Bsrday (Den­ 18. Ibid. Samuel A. Boake was mustered in June 1847 major. Chacon was leader of the Ollero band and ver: Old West Publishing Co., 1976), 178; Santa Fe and out August 1848, as was Benjamin Salmon. Lobo was head of the Llanero band. Chino was a RepUblican, July 24, 1848. Heitman, Historicsl Register, II, 45, 67. common name meaning "the Younger." A Chino was 37. It seems likely that White retained a representative 19. Santa Fe Republicsn, Aug. 8 & 30, & Sept 12, 1848; killed in the Manco Burro Pass fight Whittlesey to in Santa Fe. He sent a "number of wagons loaded Robert W. Frazer, Forts and Supplies, The Role of Dickerson, June 18, 1849, M1102, roll "frame 1027, with dry-goods, groceries, &c. to Santa Fe' in July the Army in the Economy of the Southwest, 1846­ NA; Heitman, Historical Register, I, 1032; nller, Ji­ 1849. About the time they would arrive in Santa Fe, 1861 (Albuquerque: UI1Mtrsi!y 01 New Mexico Press, csrills Apache Tribe, 14; Dolores Gunnerson, The Charles was expected to arrive in Independence. 1983),33. John Maaae Washington was graduated Jicsrilla Apaches, A Study in Survival (DeKalb: Also in Aug. or Sept 1849, a petition was sentto Col. from the U. S. Military Academy and appointed to the Northern Illinois University, 1974), 254; Lecompte, Washington by several Santa Fe merchants, re­ Artillery Corps in 1817, in which he served until 1838, "Manco Burro Pass Massacre," 314. questing payment of the volunteers. The merchants when he was briefly an assistant quartermester. He 28. Whittlesey to Dickerson, June 18, 1849, M1102, roll had provided them with clothing, horses. equipment, was promoted to major 01 artillery in 1839 and was " frame 1027, NA. rations, and forage and wanted their pay. One of the breveted a lieutenant colonel in 1847 for gallantry in 29. Judd to Dickerson, June 20, 1849, 1.41102, roll 1, signatures on this petition is "J. M. White & Bro.' the battle 01 Buena Vista. Washington drowned in frame 723, NA. Since James was still in Missouri and Charles was December 011853. Heitman, Historicsl Register, I, returning from Chihuahua to Independence in Au­ 1007. 30. Whittlesey to Beall, July 13, 1849, M1102, roll " gust, and White's 1848 ad said 'J. M. White & Fame 1033, NA 20. Benjamin Uoyd Beall was a cadet at the U. S. Military Brother," someone in Sants Fe had to sign for them. Academy 1814-1818 but was not graduated. He 31. John Greiner was appointed an Indian agent and James White has been confused with T. F. White served as a volunteer captain in the Florida War arrived in New Mexico with the rommand of Col. who in 1848 opened a forwarding and commission 1835, and was appointed a captain in the 2nd Dra­ Edwin V. Sumner in July 1851. In Nov. 1852 he met house opposite EI Paso at the town of Frontera, goons in 1836. In 1847 he was appointed a major in with Utes and Jicarilla Apaches in the town of about the same time James arrived in Santa Fe. In the 1st Dragoons and became colonel of that regi­ Abiquiu. One result of the meeting was an interview 1848 T. F. White advertised in the Santa Fe Repub­ ment in 1861. Beall was breveted major in Florida with Chacon about the Las Vegas fight, the White lican BI1d was noted in the issue of Aug. 8, 1848. and lieutenant colonel in 1848 during the Mexican massacre, and the 1850 mail party massacre, which Frazer, Forts and Supplies, 200; Santa Fe Republi­ War. Heitman. Historical Register, I, 202. John H. was reported in the Santa Fe Gazette, Nov. 27,1852. csn, July 24, 1848; Barry, Beginning of the West, Dickerson to Beall, December 10, 1848, M1102, ron Greiner continued to collect information on these 786, 879, 882; Petition signed by C. M. Merritt and 1, RG 393, National Archives (NA). incidents, interviewing Kit Carson, Sgt William Mor­ others to Col. Washington, (August?) 1849, M1102, timer. Mr. Muller, and others. Two documents of rol11,frame 1071, NA. 21. Frank McNitt, ed., Navaho Expedition, Joumal ofa Greiner's work are in the Huntington Ubrary. One is Military Reconnsisssncs from Santa Fe. New Mex­ 38. Chaput, Franr;ois X Aubry, 83-85; Greiner, Notes of a set of notes of the interviews and the other is a an Interview with Mr. Muller, RI 541 (A); W. W. H. iroto theNavaho Countrymade in 1B49 byU. James manuscript Greiner called "Overawing the Indians,' H. Simpson (Norman: UnMtrsi!y of Oklahoma Press, Davis, EI Gringo or New Mexiro and her People written from the notes, which he eVidently intended (Santa Fe: The Rydal Press, 1938),29. 1964), xM. to publish. The notes and the manuscript along with 39. New Mexicans from the interior villages and Pueblo 22. Jose Maria Valdez was noted in the 1850 New the letters received of the 9th Military Department Indians regularly went out to the plains to hunt buf­ Mexico Census as 40 years old, living in Taos (M 1102) provide the most accurate information on falo. Greiner, Notes of an Interview with Mr. Muller, County, married to Maria Manuela Jaramillo, and the the events of 1849. Chacon in the Nov. interview said RI541 (A). prefect or iudge in T80S. He served in 1848 as his people came to Las Vegas to make peace and captain of Taos Volunteers in the Ute and Apache were attacked because of.a report that Apaches had 40. Hugh N. Smith was New Mexico's newly elected campaign, in 1849ascaptain, and in 1855 from Mora killed two Mexicans and stolen stock at Cssa Colo­ delegate to Congress. Hammond, Alexander Bar­ as a captain 01 volunteers. He was also captain of rado. which Chacon said was false. However, as day, 225; Annie H. Abel, The OffICial Correspon­ Company A. 1st New Mexico Volunteer Infantry, noted before, Captain Valdez reported that the Taos dence of James S. Calhoun, while Indisn Agent at 1861-1862, serving at the Battle of Valverde. and Volunteers skirrn ished with some Apaches nearCos­ Santa Fe andSuperintendentofIndisnAffairs in New later as the lieutenant colonel of the 3rd Regiment tilla where four Mexicans had been killed. Chacon Mexico (Washington: Government Printing Office, New Mexico Mounted Infantry. The April 30, 1864, was also wrong in reporting that, afterward, Chino 1915),68-69. issue 01 the Santa Ffl New Mexican spoke highly of attacked two Americans and one Mexican and cap­ 41. Charles L Spencer was described in the Santa Fe Valdez, saying that he was colonel of a regiment of tured two female children atWagon Mound, an action New Mexicsn as a young man from the house of New Mexico Volunteers when the Texansmadetheir in which Chino was killed. This, he mistook for the Jaccard & Co. in St. Louis. Spencer, with James E.

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SabIne and HenlY Grandjean, opetated a jewelry, Grant F019man. 'Antione Leroux, New MelCico Santa Fe, Oregon. California, or Mor­ watch-making, lliMmimith, and general goods store Guide: New Mexico Historical Review, 16 (Oct. mon trails. Ifyou have any Information in Santa Fe in 1849. Spencer and Sabine were 1941): 367-378; Hammond, AlexanderBarc!ay, 195, adwrtising in the Santa Fe Republican in 1848. 226; Lawrence R. Murphy, 'Rayado, Pioneer Settle­ on such materials, please contact me. George Semmes Simpson (1818-1885) from Sl ment in Northeastern New Mexico, 1648-1857: New Cynthia Henthorn Louis was an employee of Bent, St Vrain & Co. in Mexico Historical Review, 46 (Jan. 1971): 37-41. A. K. Peters Co. the Indian trade in 1841, was inllOlIIed in the estab­ 46. Greiner, Notesof an Interview with Kit Carson, RI541 230 Park Ave, Suit #1518 lishment of the first post at Pueblo, Colorado, be­ (A). came associated with Berday at his fort, and is New York, NY 10169-1518 49. Ibid.; Grier to Lt John Adams, Nov. 30, 1849, Record cred~ed with starting the Pikes Peak Gold Rush. He Group 94, M96/1850, Letters Received, Adjutant •• • moved to Trinidad, Colorado, where he was county •• General's OffICe, NA derk in 1867 and died there in 1885. The staff at Bent's Old Fort NHS is Isaac Adamson is mentioned in Berclay's dialy and 50. Greiner, Notesof an Interview with Kit Carson, RI541 (A). looking for documentation on music nowhere else. A William Adamson, trapper, became and instruments of the period that a good friend of Berday's but it is unlikely Berday 51. Ibid. were enjoyed along the Santa Fe Trail. would have made a mistake in names. Hammond, 52. Ibid. Alexander Barday, 176, 178, 221, 225, 226; Santa We would like to begin using a concer­ 53. There was controversy over Maj. Grier's halt to bring Fe New Mexican, Nov. 27, 1849; Abel, Offidal Cor­ up the howitzer. Carson in his 1856 aUlobiography tina in our demonstrations but have respondence, 63- 64; lafayette McLaws to William , said that Grier stopped on the advice of Leroux to Grier, Oct. 29,1849, Ml072, roO 1, frame 75, NA been unable to document the possible parley with the Indians; that Carson charged the use of tWs Instrument at Bent's Old 42. John Munroe was graduated from the U. S. Military camp but no one followed him; and had they charged Fort. If anyone can provide evidence Academy in 1814 and appointed to the artillery. He immediately, Mrs. White would have been saved. In won brevets in the Florida War, 1838, and twice in his interview with Greiner, Carson said that the that it was played on the Santa Fe the Mexican War, the last as a colonel. Munroe died troops got to the village before the spies, meaning Trail. we will be most appreciative. in April of 1861. ClIISOn, Leroux, and Fisher, got there. He said that Miguel B. Duran James S. Calhoun (18021-1852) from Georgia was the men were anxious to run in and were anxious to owner of a small steamship line, director of two fight While Carson, in the Greiner interview, did not Bent's Old Fort NHS banks, and the Chattahoochee Railroad. He served mention Grier stopping to parley, he hinted that the 35110 Hwy 194 E three terms each in the Georgia legislature and halt was not well accepted. Did Carson change his La Junta, CO 81050-9523 senate, and served a term as mayor ot Columbus, story, or did his stenographer change ~ for him? Georgia. He was a captain of the Georgia Infantry William Kronig, first sergeant in the Taos Volunteers, and lieutenant colonel of the Georgia Mounted Vol­ said that a sergeant challenged Grier about the hall MARC SIMMONS unteers in the Mexican War. Appointed superinten­ Dick Wootton, in his spuriousaccount, says that both dent of Indian a1fairs in New Mexico in early 1849, mountain men and soldiers protested the halt and [Simmons, the "Father ofthe Santa Fe he served until 1852when sickness forced his return that Antione Leroux 'railed at the Major in broken Trail Association" and theflrst SFTA to the states. So sure ot dying on the way, he carried english.' Whatever happened, two things are dear: his casket with him. He died on the Santa Fe TraU president. wasfeatured in thefollow­ (1) many thought Grier's hatt to bring up the howitzer ing article, "Out-Of-The-Way Author between Council Grove and the Missouri border in was wrong, and (2) Carson's story was changed June 1852. Heitman, Historical Register, I, 736, II, either by himself or someone else. In light of this, Chronicles Southwest's Past." writ­ 46; Abel, Official Co"espondence, 63-63; Calvin ClIISOn's aUlobiography may not be the unvarnished ten by Ollie Reed, Jr. It appeared in Hom, New Mexica's Troubled Years, The Story of truth. Greiner, Carson Interview, RI541 (A); Grier to the Denver Post. Jan. 12. 1992.J the Early Territorial Governors (Albuquerque: Hom Adams, Nov. 30, 1649; Milo M. QuaWe, ed., Kit and Wallace, 1963), 23; Berry, Beginning of the CafSon's Autobiography (1925; reprint, Uncoln: Uni­ drive the last half mile or so to W~ You 1106-1107. vers~ of Nebraska, 1966), 133-156; Charles I. Marc Simmons' place near Cerrillos 43. WiUiam N. Grierwas graduated from the U. S. Military Jones, 'William Kronig, New Mexico Pioneer, from Academy and appointed to the 1st Dragoons in 1835. his Memories of 1649-1660,' New Mexico Historical through the kind of New Mexico coun­ He won a brevet as a major in the Mexican War, Review, 19 (July 1944): 205, 206; Howard L Conrad, try that makes you hold your breath­ 1848, as a colonel in the Civil War, 1862, and briga­ Uncle Dick Wootton, the Pioneer Frontiersman ofthe partly because it's beautiful, partly be­ dier generalfor faithful and meritoriou~service in the Rocky Mountain Region (1890; reprint, Lincoln: Uni­ cause you expect to bust an aXle. Civil War. He retired in 1870 and died in 1885. versity of Nebraska Press, 1980), 194-195; Muster Heitman, Historical Register, I, 478; Grier to Dicker­ Roll of Captain Jose Maria Valdez's Company of For visitors, It's picturesque. For son, Nov. 1, 1849, Ml102, roll 1, frame 571, NA Taos Mounted Volunteers, Dec. 1849, NA Simmons, It's home. 44. Abel, Official Co"espondence, 68~. 54. Santa Fe Gazette, Nov. 27, 1652; Greiner, Carson MI thought I was going to stay here 45. Ibid. Interview, AI 541 (A); Abel, Official Correspondence, 170; Marc Simmons, 'The Wagon Mound Massa­ just a short while and then go ofT and 46. Chacon said that the Indian woman was the daughter cre,' The Mexican Road, Trade, Travel, andConfron­ be a history professor at some Ivy of Lobo. There is no other evidence to support this tation on the Santa Fe Trail, ed. Mark L Gardner daim. Given Chacon's errors, the statement is ques­ League college." he said. MBut I was (Manhattan: Sunflower University Press, 1969), 49, tionable. Greiner, Interview of WUliam Mortimer, RI born to live In the boondocks of New 52n12. 541 (A); Judd to McLaws, Dec. 1, 1849, Mll02, roU Mexico." 1, frames 776-760, NA; Muster Roll of Captain 55. Grier to Adams, Nov. 30, 1649, NA; Greiner, Grier Judd's Company C, 3rd Artillery, Dec. 1649, NA Interview, AI 541 (A). He was born In Dallas more than 54 47. Antione (Joaquin) Jacques Leroux was probably born 56. Abel, Official Co"espondence, 171. years ago but has lived alone In this in 1803. He was one of the original'Ashley" mountain 57. In all fairness, some of these works are not known seductive isolation southwest ofSanta men in 1622and roamed the mountainstrapping and for a high degree of accuracy. Conrad, Uncle Dick Fe for 30 years-reading. reflecting, trading until his marriage in Taos in 1633. He married Wootton, 187-190; Henry Inman, The Old Santa Fe researching and writing. Writing a lot. Juana Vigil and thus became heir to the 1792 land Trail: The Story ofa Great Highway (New York: The grant which induded the area around Taos. He par­ Macmillan Co., 1697),161-167; Charles E. Brooks Working on a manual typewriter with ticipated in the Sept 1849 convention to form a and Frank D. Reeve, eds., Forts and Forays, James the wilds for inspiration. Simmons has territorial plan for New Mexico. As a mountain man A Bennett: A Dragoon in New Mexico, 1850-1856 produced more than 25 books about or guide, he was equal if not superior to Kit Carson. (Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, his passion, the history of New Mexico Leroux served as guide for the Sitgreaves exped~ion 1948), 23-24; Robert L Duffus, The Santa Fe Trail in 1651, for John R. Bartlett in 1852, for Capt J. W. (New York: Longmans, Green & Co., 1930), 230; and the Southwest. Gunnison in 1853, and Lt A. W. Whipple also in Henry G. Aisberg, ed., New Mexico, A Guide to the MEver since the sixth grade, every 1853. Leroux died in Taos in the summer of 1861. Colorful State, rev. ed. (New York: Hastings House, single thing rve done, whether It has Robert Fisher was born in Virginia in 1807 and came 1960), 232-233; Santa Fe Gazette, Nov. 27, 1652. to Santa Fe in 1624 with a trading party. By 1634, been cowboying in Wyoming. horse­ and many years alter, he was em ployed by Bent and H;...E_L_P_W_A_N_T_ED__ shoeing in Tucson or traveling, has St. Vrain, although he operated as an independent II-__ I been directed toward findingout about trader and trapperatlimes. In 1642 he married Maria the history of the Southwest. U's ... Romalda Lopez. Fisher was one of the founders of SFTA member, Dr. Arthur King Pe­ Pueblo, Colorado, in 1642, and in 1847 took part in ters, Is researching a book on the trails like a dramatic well you can keep putting down the Taos uprising. He went to California that opened the trans-Mississippi draWing from." in 1850 where he supposedly died two years later. West after 1800 and is looking for any Fueled by novels about the old M Carson had been living at Rayado since April, diaries~ coming from Taos to settle at Maxwell's new settle­ unpublished letters, or remi­ Southwest and histories and memoirs ment niscences of pioneers who traveled the of frontier times. young Simmons

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chased the wtId. woolly and fading life Ush until they were In their teens." ued alongthe north bankofthe Arkan­ that fired his imagination. He was the An antler-handled jackknife that sas on the Mountain Branch of the kind ofkid who exchanged letters with may have belonged to Carson Is one of Santa Fe Trail to the Sand Creek stage the last ofthe Pony Express riders and Simmons' prized possessions. Other statton where Blinn found work as a ducked out ofhigh school field trips to treasures Include a Spanish horse­ stock tender. Following the closing of search single-handedly for CMI War shoe found In New Mexico. an iron the statton, the family resided in the veterans and other old-timerswith sto­ Spanish colonialcurrycomb and about Boggsville area before heading east to ries to tell. 6.000 books. Fort Dodge In early October. On Oct. These days. those who follow the rug­ Simmons refers to just two of the 9. Indians attacked their train. cap­ ged path to Simmons' door find a man half-dozen adobe bulldings at his com­ tured Clara and WflIle. and sub­ who talks with the unfettered enthusi­ pound as lfbrarles. but you'd be hard sequently took them to Indian Terri­ asm ofsomeone with lots ofstories but tory. There, In Black Kettle's village on put to find any building without some \• few Visitors to hear them. volumes stacked or standing In them. the Washita River, mother and son were killed during Custer's attack on Many ofhisyarns, from outlaw chas­ There is no electricity or plumbing. November 27, 1868. Ing and bear hunting to mule packing He put in a telephone a few years ago and head taking, found their way Into and uses propane for a stove and re­ April, Saturday 4, 1868 Simmons' books such as "Ranchers, frigerator. Hays city. Got here at 10 oclock found a Ramblers and Renegades," "Yesterday There was no structure of any kind nice place to camp. Plenty of wood and In Santa Fe," "Murder on the Santa Fe when Simmons, In search ofa peaceful water so we do not have to run after wood Trail," "Coronado's Land" and "Albu­ place to write his doctoral dissertation as we did the night before. Will stay here 2 querque: A Narrative History," the last for the University of New Mexico. ar­ or 3 days until Jack's train comes in from of which won the Western Writers of rived In 1963. He made his own adobe the Plains. The girls are baking bread and America Golden Spur award In 1983. bricks to bulld the first. a place he calls getting ready to start across the plains. Had In September. the New Mexico De­ his Thoreau house. a big row in camp this morning. partment of Agriculture presented the "I built It for $128. I thought It was April, Sunday 5, 1868 second Rounders Award to Simmons better than Thoreau did for $35 at Camp near Hays city. The trains came in for his works on the history and cul­ Walden. considering inflation." town last night. The stock looks hard. are ture of the state. going to get the mules shoed tomorrow. The awards are nice. he said, but It COUNCIL TROVE Expect to have a big time with Jule. is the finding out that Is Important. -DOCUMENTS- . April, Monday 6, 1868 "What really happened In the past. Nothing happened today. Went up town that's all history really Is. fm not lfke Blinn Diary on the twice. these new historians who think you Fort Hays-Fort Dodge Trail April, Tuesday 7, 1868 can't find out what happened In his­ On April 4, 1868. Richard Blinn. his tory because everything that was writ­ wife Clara. and two year old son WfllJe, Hays city took the mules up town and got ten Is biased. I think you can find some arrived at Hays City en route to the them shoed. Had some fun with Jule she truth. Fort Lyon. Colorado area. Departing knocked the blacksmith behind the anvil. "But I can't convince anybody of that Hays City four days later, the lfttle April, Wednesday 8, 1868 any more than I can convince them party reached Fort Dodge on April 11. Big Timber creek. Left Hays this morning at that old Kit Carson and Chris Colum­ The details of the trip over the Fort 7 oclock drove 16 miles had a big scare bus were not monsters." Hays-Fort Dodge Trall were chronicled today. Saw our first Indians today. They For years, Simmons has been col­ in a diary kept by Mr. Blinn (original Is were about four miles off. They did not lecting Information on Carson. Re­ in manuscripts dept., Kansas State notice us at all but went about their busi­ cently. near Franklin, Mo.• he found Historical Society, Topeka). SFTA ness what ever it was. We are traveling with what he believed to the site of the board member Mary Moorehead, a Mexican train. They are camped about a famed mountain man's childhood Santa Fe, a grandniece of Clara Blinn, mile back. home. has shared information about the April, Thursday 9, 1868 Blinn diary, and SFTA board member "This Is a 20-year project. Maybe It's David Clapsaddle submitted this ma­ Started this morning at half past six. This my magnum opus." he said, standing terial for WT. morning drove 27 miles. Left the train off , In the shade of an adobe house with Mexicans for they did not travel fast enough . vlgas that date to 1793. Dressed In a This is one of the few diaries about for us so we are alone. Jack and Steve cowboy shirt, western-cut slacks. travel on this branch of the Santa Fe found a lot of their friends here and they all round-toed boots and a Lone Star belt Trail. Of special interest to Fort Hays­ feel pretty well tonight. It rained last night buckle. he blends In nicely with the Fort Dodge Trail enthusiasts is the and froze so everything is all ice. setting. mention ofa trading ranche atSligo log creek (Sawlog Creek). While trading April, Friday 10, 1868 "fve got some prime stuffon Kit Car­ ranches are well documented at four Sligo log creek. Camped at Boyds ranch. son.lt's not earth- shatteringstuff. but other locations on the route, no evi­ Started this morning at 6 oclock and drove It's new stuff." dence of a Sawlog ranche is known about 13 miles. Found another Mexican One thing Simmons Is sure of Is that beyond Blinn's diary. The ranche, evi­ train stuck in the mud. Took dinner and Carson Is a genuine American hero­ dently operated by someone named drove 7 miles and caught up with the train notan unfeelingkiller ofIndian people. Boyd. Is not to be confused with Boyd's they were feeding their mules so we un­ "Everybody considers Kit Carson a Ranche located at the Pawnee Fork hitched ours and let them graze awhile. The racist. That's stupid. He had three crossing of the Santa Fe Trail's Dry wind blows like the old harry. Can't pitch the wives. The first two were Indians, and Route near Fort Lamed. tent so we have to let the girls sleep in the the third was Josefa Jaramfllo. His The section of the diary reproduced waggon and Steve and I have to take to the children were all ethnically something here stops with the Blinns' arrival at ground. else. I suspect theydid not speak Eng- Fort Dodge. From there, they conUn- April, Saturday 11, 1868 FORT DODGE

26 February 1992

https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/wagon_tracks/vol6/iss2/1 26 • : Wagon Tracks. Volume 6, Issue 2 (February, 1992)

Started out of the camp this morning at 3 contact your representative and urge Dr. & Mrs. Robert H. Hodge, 2204 NE 39, oclock and drove 12 miles and stopped at her or him to support Senate Bill 801. Kansas City MO 64116 . this place to go to a dance tonight at some • Cathy & Harris Johnson, 205 S Francis, • • • • Excelsior Springs MO 64024 ofJack'sfriends. Found lots of Indians here A nice article on the Trail in New but they were friendly and do not offer to Dan & Donna Kilby, 1220 N Gow, Wichita Mexico appeared in the Dec. 5, 1991. KS 67203 . hurt anyone. San Diego Tribune. This kind ofpublic­ Ed & Patsy Lit1leton, PO Box 167, Ocate ity will help increase travel along the NM 87734 It historic route. Jim & Sara Mundie, 12122 Westmere Dr, • • • • • Houston TX 77077 Microffim copies of the Papers of the· Chris & Christine Nelson, 5073 Queens Wood Dr, Burke VA 22015 St. Louis Fur Trade are now available. HOOF PRINTS William & Sammie Oaks, 3530 Avenida The entire 63 reels of records (with a Charada NW, Albuquerque NM 87107 printed guide) may be purchased at Ernest E. & Norma Page, 2829 S Verbena, -TRAIL TIDBITSs-- the special price of $5,685. Send or­ , Kennewick WA 99337 Craig Moore Is the new historian at ders to University Publications of Angelo & Joyce Passini, 608 S 4th St, Bent's Old Fort NHS. He has done America. 4520 East-West Hwy, Be­ Lamar CO 81052 extensive research on Plains Indians. thesda. MD 20814-3389 or call toll Thomas & Lucille. Phelan, 2700 Vista He has traced the descendants ofWil­ free 1-800-692-6300. Grande Dr NW #66, Albuquerque NM liam Bent up to and including births • • • • • 87120 . as recent as December 1991. ·Joe Nardone completed his 1,958­ Frank & Leslie Potter, 205 E 29th, Hays KS 67601 • • • • • mile rerlde of the Pony Express Trail M/M Si R. Slaughter, 10218 Mission Lane, Anne Carter, author of Mulberries during 1991. His plans were an­ Sun City AZ 85351 and Prickly Pear, recently shared an nounced in a previous WT. Interest­ Jack & Barbara Snow, 822 Western Ave, autograph party in Kansas City with ingly, attempts to find out more about Trinidad CO 81082 William Least Heat Moon, authorofthe his ride were unsuccessful until the Linda & John D. Thompson, 4527 Wood­ best-selling Pralry Erth. High Plains Journal, Dodge City, KS, worth Lane, St. Louis MO 63128 • • • • • carried an article about the manufac­ John & Christy Van Sweden, V7 Ranch, HC Richard Forry. coordinator of the turer ofthe horse trailer Nardone used 62 Box 10, Raton NM 87740 . 1991 Symposium, has announced to make his remarkable trip. There Alan & Diana Wetzel, RR 1 Box 48, Offerle that the Missouri Dept. of Natural Re­ was an address to find out more about KS 67563 sources may publish the papers from the trailer but not how to gain more Allan L. Young, 104 Westerfield, Clovis NM that conference. This will be a great information about the ride. 88101 service, and readers will be Informed • • • • • when these are available for purchase. The NPS seeks help with corrections Genevieve Lynn Amstutz, RR 4 Box 53, • • • • • to the maps of the Trail. Please send Bryan OH 43506 Jean Tyree Hamilton, Marshall, MO. material to Trails Branch. Southwest Noel Ary, Kansas Heritage Center, PO Box recipient of a SFTA Award of Merit in Region, NPS. PO Box 728, Santa Fe, 1275, Dodge City KS 67801 1989 and author of several important NM 87504-0728. Glen Beltz, 505 E Morgan, Boonville MO pieces about the Santa Fe Trail. was 65233 recently honored by the State Histori­ James Otter Berg, 1993N Meteor Dr, Flag­ staff AZ 86001 cal Society of Missouri. She received This list includes new memberships Bernard B. Boggs, 1242 N Fairview, Deca­ the Society's Distinguished Service received since the last issue. Those tur IL 62522 Award for her outstanding contribu­ received after this printing will appear Glenn W. Bradley, PO Box 943, Tustin CA tions to state and local history. Con­ in the next Issue. If there Is an error in. 92681 gratulations Mrs. Hamilton! this information, please send correc­ Wilma Jean Brand, 25 B Clarkson Rd, Co­ • • • • • tions to the editor. The 1992 roster will lumbia MO 65203 The Keamy County (KS) Historical So­ be published soon. We thank you for Robert E. Brice, 18831 E 5th St N, Inde­ ciety publishes a very nice newsletter. your support. pendence MO 64056 Kearny County Courier. The last Issue Tom E. Cummins, 86 Fordham Circle, ,> INSTITUTIONAL MEMBERSHIPS carried a report about the September Pueblo CO 81005 Symposium in Missouri. Jefferson National Expansion Historical John S. Davies, 4 Parkgate Dr, Sharples Association, 1,1 N 4th St, St. Louis MO Bolton, BL1 850, ENGLAND • • • • • 63102 J. Leslie Davis, CS Cattle Co., Cimarron The Treadway Cattle Company Is Lexington Bit & Bridle Club, RR 1 Box 197, NM 87714 again sponsoring a living-history cat­ Higginsville MO 64037 Brenda Day, Baker University, PO Box 65, tle drive from Texas to Colorado during Springer News Bulletin, PO Box 397, Baldwin City KS 66006 the summer of 1992. During the ten­ Springer NM 87747 Everett Deidiker, PO Box 1152, Westmin­ week drive, they will have room for ster CO 80030 FAMILY MEMBERSHIPS 3,000 participants (300 per week at Thomas J. Duffy, 741 Forest St, Kearny NJ about $1,800 each). That surely beats Steve & Judy Bass, 3105 Boulder Lane, 07032 farming! For your chance to be one of Bakersfield CA 93309 James L. Fishback, 32 W 69th, Kansas City the "City Slickers," contact them at PO Edwina & Roger Camplin, 3940 W Chicago MO 64113 Box 34. Lake George. CO 80827. St, Chandler AZ 85226 Robert E. Garvin, 3322 Mackland NE, Al­ A. J. & Betty Choat, 103 Willow Valley, buquerque NM 897106 • • • • • Lamar CO 81052 Ellen Mather Green, 400 W Laurel, Lamar OCTA Is still fighting to get the legts­ Charles & Marie Fletcher, 27736 Rd 0, CO 81052 lation to add the California Trail and Granada CO 81041 Bruce Henson, 830 Forest St, Denver CO Pony Express Trail to the National Phil & Elizabeth Gilman, 5032 W 22nd 80220 Trails System. To support their efforts, Park, Topeka KS 66614 Jim Hart, '29 Club Oak Cir, Jackson MS

February 1992 27

Published by UNM Digital Repository, 1992 27 Wagon Tracks, Vol. 6 [1992], Iss. 2, Art. 1

39208 C. H. Watts, 9071 Old Castle Rd, Valley July 3-5, 1992: Fur Trade Encampment, Dr. Robert H. Holzworth, PO Box 567, Tab­ Center CA 92082 Bent's Old Fort NHS. ernash CO 80478 Rosemary Weil, 1840 Joyce Dr, Palm Sp­ July 4,1992: Old Time Independence Day Gilbert John, N 9908 Huntington, Spokane rings CA 92262 celebration, Fort Larned NHS. WA 99218 Sally Winfrey, 8229 Blue Stem Ct, Wichita Aug. 8, 1992: Kid's Quarters, Bent's Old Jim Jost, 1005 Pioneer Lane, Colorado KS 67207 Fort NHS. Springs CO 80904 Sept. 5-7, 1992: Living-history weekend, Larry Justice, 724 7th, Alva OK 73717 Fort Larned NHS. Mary Karraker, PO Box 57, Capulin NM Sept. 16, 1992: Diez y Seis de Septiembre, 88414 Everyone is invited to send notices for Bent's Old Fort NHS. Bruce Kemp, 7206 Maple Ave, Takoma this section: provide location, date(s), Sept. 26, 1992: Candlelight Tour, Fort Park MD 20912 time(s). and activity. Remember this is Larned NHS {reservations required}; Patti Malvern, 1307 C Prospect Village a quarterly. The next issue should ap­ call (316) 285-6911 . Lane, Manchester MO 63021 pear in May. so send information for Sept. 26,1992: First A~~ual Santa Fe Tra!1 JoAnn Mcinnes, 1133 tN-/12th Apt B, Blue June and later to arrive by April 20. Arts Festival and Chili Cook-off, CounCil Springs MO 64015 Grove, KS, 8:00 a.m. to 6:30 p.m., with Thank you. pageant at 7:00 p.m. at the Neosho , Floyd L. Mueller, #1 Friese Dr, Olivette MO Mar. 21, 1992: Mountain Branch Chapter 63132 _ River Crossing amphitheater. annual meeting, 10 a.m., Best Western Sept. 27, 1992: Heart of the Flint Hills Michael R. Musselwhite, 41759 County Rd Inn, Trinidad, CO. Chapter parade, program, and annual 36.0, Trinidad CO 81082 Mar. 26-29, 1992: Winter Quarters, Bent's meeting of members. Richard L. Musselwhite, 37872 County Rd Old Fort NHS. Oct. 10-11, 1992: 1840s Indian Encamp­ 32.4, Trinidad CO 81082 April 9, 1992: Wagonbed Spring .Chapter ment, Bent's Old Fort NHS. William S. Musselwhite, 37872 County Rd meeting at Hugoton, KS, 7:00 p.m. Dec. 11-12, 1992: Traditional Holiday 32.4, Trinidad CO 81082 April 14, 1992: Heart of the Flint Hills Celebration, Bent's Old Fort NHS. Dick Nelson, 12812 W 100th Terr, Lenexa Chapter meeting, 7:00 p.m. Dec. 12, 1992: Christmas Open House, KS 66215 April 20, 1992: Deadline for next issue of Fort Larned NHS. Terry O'Connor, 301 Village Circle, Altoona Wagon Tracks. IA 50009 May 3, 1992: Special program and chuck­ Monte E. Parr, 1405 College Ave, Canon wagon BBQ, 1:00 p.m., Wet/Dry Routes City CO 81212 Chapter, Camp Pawnee, 3 miles west of All matters relating to Wagon Tracks Robert Pike, 5421 S Arcadia, Tucson AZ. Larned on US 156, 1 mile south, and should be addressed to the editor: 85706 1f.! mile west. Walter Poirier, 1050 Logan, Denver CO Leo E. Oliva May23-25, 1992: Santa Fe Trail Days, Fort RR 1, Box31 80203 Larned NHS, Santa Fe Trail Center, and Don Procter, 706 Park Lane, Derby KS Larned. Woodston, KS 67675 (913) 994-6253 67037 May 28-30, 1992: Trail Rendezvous '92, Harold Reed, 3825 E Stimmel Rd, Salina Larned area. Fax 994-6255 KS 67401 May 29,1992: Dedication of markers, 1:30 All inquiries regarding membership W. Patrick Resen, 18 Crow Cyn Ct Suite p.m., Wet/Dry Routes Chapter, one mile 210, San Ramon CA 94583 west of Garfield, KS. should be directed to the secretary­ treasurer: Clive G. Siegle, 9908 Shoreview, Dallas TX June 7-12, 1992: Heart of the Flint Hills 75238 Chapter Annual Trail Ride, Pawnee Ruth Olson Wilene Tessen, HCR 10 #780, Adelanto River to Council Grove. Reservations Santa Fe Trail Center CA 92301 required by May 31 ; send to Joleen Day, RR3 Frank F. Thomas, PO Box 272, Lakin KS RR 3 Box 49, Council Grove, KS 66846. Larned, KS 67550 67860 June 21-28, 1992:Lexington Bit & Bridle (316) 285-2054 Felix Thompson, PO Box 415, Palestine TX Club Annual Santa Fe Wagon Train 75801 Ride. Contact Sandra Hayes, RR 1 Box Vicente Villanueva, San Francisco 722, Col 197, Higginsville, MO 64037. Del Valle, MEXICO D.F. CP03100 June 29, 1992: NRA Mountain Men Ren­ Robert E. Wade, RR 1 Box 19, Claude TX dezvous, Whittington Center south of 79019 Raton, NM.

WAGON TRACKS •• • •• • I~-~ NONPROFIT ORGANIZATION Santa Fe Trail Association -J o w U.S. POSTAGE RR I, Box 31 V ~r Ii: \..l oen PAID Woodston, KS 67675 w II: 0.. PERMIT NO. 2 ADDRESS CORREC1l0N REQUESTED WOOOSTON, KS 67675 FORWARDING POSTAGE GUARANTEED

28 February 1992

https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/wagon_tracks/vol6/iss2/1 28