Santa Fe Trail Mail

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Santa Fe Trail Mail Following the announcement of Mexican independence, William Becknell departed Missouri on a trading expedition to New Mexico. He arrived in Santa Fe in November 1821 after following the route which became famous as the Santa Fe Trail. This route, originally touching at Bents Fort in what is now Colorado remained the primary commercial, mail and military route to the Southwest for decades. The Cimarron cutoff, a shorter route over less mountainous terrain was also used. The trail connected at Santa Fe with the Chihuahua Trail, the Spanish period El Camino Real de la Tierra Adentro (Royal Road to the Interior Lands), which provided an entry port for international trade to central Mexico. Mail from traders was carried privately to Missouri by returning merchants. In 1846 Doniphan's Expedition followed the Bents Fort route to Santa Fe as part of the American invasion force in the Mexican War. After General Kearny's forces occupied Santa Fe on August 18, 1846, he established a civil and military government in New Mexico as well as a military express office in Santa Fe. Civilian and military mails were carried by military expresses, contracted for by the military, that operated irregularly over the Santa Fe trail. Typically, such letters entered the mails at Fort Leavenworth or Independence, Missouri. On May 11, 1850 Waldo, Hall and Company was awarded a contract for a monthly mail on the route between Independence and Santa Fe. The first westbound trip departed Independence on May 11, 1850. The contract was given to Jacob Hall from August 18, 1854 and service improved to semi-monthly on July 1, 1857. After several route contract changes, re-assignments and attempts at alternate routes to serve New Mexico, a weekly service on the route was begun on July 1, 1862. From July 1, 1866 Sanderson, Barlow and Bradley were the contractors with the terminus changed from Independence to Junction City, Kansas. The route was shortened gradually with the westward advance of the Union Pacific railroad. The eastern terminus for the route was changed to Fort Harker in 1867, then to Hayes City, and then to Phil Sheridan in 1869..

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Historic Resources of the Santa Fe Trail (Revised)
NPS Form 10-900-b (Rev. 01/2009) OMB No. 1024-0018 (Expires 5/31/2012) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NPS Approved – April 3, 2013 National Register of Historic Places Multiple Property Documentation Form This form is used for documenting property groups relating to one or several historic contexts. See instructions in National Register Bulletin How to Complete the Multiple Property Documentation Form (formerly 16B). Complete each item by entering the requested information. For additional space, use continuation sheets (Form 10-900-a). Use a typewriter, word processor, or computer to complete all items New Submission X Amended Submission A. Name of Multiple Property Listing Historic Resources of the Santa Fe Trail (Revised) B. Associated Historic Contexts (Name each associated historic context, identifying theme, geographical area, and chronological period for each.) I. The Santa Fe Trail II. Individual States and the Santa Fe Trail A. International Trade on the Mexican Road, 1821-1846 A. The Santa Fe Trail in Missouri B. The Mexican-American War and the Santa Fe Trail, 1846-1848 B. The Santa Fe Trail in Kansas C. Expanding National Trade on the Santa Fe Trail, 1848-1861 C. The Santa Fe Trail in Oklahoma D. The Effects of the Civil War on the Santa Fe Trail, 1861-1865 D. The Santa Fe Trail in Colorado E. The Santa Fe Trail and the Railroad, 1865-1880 E. The Santa Fe Trail in New Mexico F. Commemoration and Reuse of the Santa Fe Trail, 1880-1987 C. Form Prepared by name/title KSHS Staff, amended submission; URBANA Group, original submission organization Kansas State Historical Society date Spring 2012 street & number 6425 SW 6th Ave.
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Kansas City and the Great Western Migration, 1840-1865
SEIZING THE ELEPHANT: KANSAS CITY AND THE GREAT WESTERN MIGRATION, 1840-1865 ___________________________________ A Dissertation presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School at the University of Missouri-Columbia _______________________________________________________________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy _______________________________________________________________ By DARIN TUCK John H. Wigger JULY 2018 © Copyright by Darin Tuck 2018 All Rights Reserved The undersigned, appointed by the dean of the Graduate School, have examined the dissertation entitled SEIZING THE ELEPHANT: KANSAS CITY AND THE GREAT WESTERN MIGRATION, 1840-1865 Presented by Darin Tuck, a candidate for the degree of doctor of philosophy, and hereby certify that, in their opinion, it is worthy of acceptance. __________________________________________________ Professor John Wigger __________________________________________________ Assoc. Professor Catherine Rymph __________________________________________________ Assoc. Professor Robert Smale __________________________________________________ Assoc. Professor Rebecca Meisenbach __________________________________________________ Assoc. Professor Carli Conklin To my mother and father, Ronald and Lynn Tuck My inspiration ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This dissertation was only possible because of the financial and scholarly support of the National Park Service’s National Trails Intermountain Region office. Frank Norris in particular served as encourager, editor, and sage throughout
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Lucretia Vaile Museum
Volume XV Number 1 A Newsletter of the April 2021 through July 2021 Palmer Lake Historical Society Website: www.palmerdividehistory.org and the Email: [email protected] Museum: 719-559-0837 Lucretia Vaile Museum 2021: Celebrating the Santa Fe Trail Bicentennial America’s Route of Commerce and Conquest Was Central to Western Expansion The Santa Fe Trail served the nation for six decades – from 1821 until 1880. This historic road between Missouri and New Mexico evolved as a route of commerce and trade. It was traversed primarily by freight caravans and military supply wagons, while the Oregon and California trails were more emigrant-oriented. The Santa Fe Trail was also an international road before the Mexican War (1846- Palmer Lake Historical Society 1848). During and after the war, it served as a military road, connecting military posts and western forts. Although not officially a part of the trail, the El Camino Real, 2021 Board of Directors extending south from Santa Fe, New Mexico, deep into Mexico, added to the richness of the cultural exchange. President – Su Ketchmark Marc Simmons in The Old Trail to Santa Fe: Collected Essays (1996) writes: Vice President – Wayne Russert Secretary – Patricia Atkins It was the profit motive, pure and simple, that gave birth to and nourished the overland trade to Santa Fe.... Yet there was something beyond profit that in time drew travelers to Treasurer – Maggie Williamson the Santa Fe Trail. It seems an added attraction was to be found in the entire Museum Director - Rogers Davis experience itself—the forming up of a caravan on the Missouri border, the unwinding 2021 Directors-at-Large journey across the sunlit plains, the excitement of a buffalo hunt or even an Indian attack that quickened the blood, and at last the arrival at the foot of the trail in a foreign land.
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Wagon Tracks. Volume 26, Issue 1 (November, 2011) Santa Fe Trail Association
Wagon Tracks Volume 26 Issue 1 Wagon Tracks Volume 26, Issue 1 (November Article 1 2011) 2012 Wagon Tracks. Volume 26, Issue 1 (November, 2011) Santa Fe Trail Association Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/wagon_tracks Part of the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Santa Fe Trail Association. "Wagon Tracks. Volume 26, Issue 1 (November, 2011)." Wagon Tracks 26, 1 (2012). https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/wagon_tracks/vol26/iss1/1 This Full Issue is brought to you for free and open access by UNM Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Wagon Tracks by an authorized editor of UNM Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. : Wagon Tracks. Volume 26, Issue 1 (November, 2011) - WAGON TRACKS �rT! volume 26 • number J November 2011 Jim Sherer Leads Dodge City Symposium SFrANews Forts Mann, Atkinson & Dodge: Halfway On TireSanta Fe Trail President'. Column. 2 Over 175 people attended the .II.enovatedWebsite. • . 3 2011 Symposium held in Dodge ew•........... 4-5 City on September 22 - 25, 2011. PNTS. .. .. 5 They represented Missouri, symposium Photos. 16--17 Kansas, Colorado, New Mexico, Awards ..•......... 18 Oklahoma, Texas and several ¢lolpler Reports. • 25 other states. 26 J!Xents Presenters included Dr. Leo ilf!,mbership Renewal... 21 Oliva, Noel Ary, Marshall Gover, II Oliva.. ..... 28 President of the Pawnee Nation Business Council, Barak Geertsen, Tim Kimball, Sara Jane Richter, Mike Olsen, and guest appear- ances by Libbie Custer, Isadora Douglas and ledediah Smith. See additional details and photos Jim Sherer studies the enhanced and new signage at the Boot Hill Sonia Fe Troil rut site.
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Map of Military Road Markers Pottawatomie County 15 20 8 to Go to the St
Map of Military Road Markers Pottawatomie County 15 20 8 To go to the St. George cutoff turn east on US24 to Black Follow path to marker at Leavenworth County Go west on us highway #24 to St. Marys. Jack Road, turn south for about one mile to 1st Street, turn 39°10’16” N 96°36’42” W 1 left to Lincoln Avenue, turn left, go two blocks north to US24 and Grand Ave. (next to the Kansas State Historical Black Jack Spring. If coming from Manhattan Town Center 21 Eight Mile House marker) across the street from the St. Marys academy. go 7.3 Miles east on US24 to Black Jack Road. Follow path to the bridge that was built in 1998 Leavenworth County Road R 14 (Santa Fe Trail) and Easton 39°11’25” N 96°3’37” W 39°11’30” N 96°25’19” W 39°10’24” N 96°36’32” W Road (K192) 9 39°22’19” N 95°02’36” W 16 22 Continue west on US24 through St. Marys to K63, turn Continue north on Green Valley Road to Junietta Road and Turn around and return to parking lot. Distance walking - 2 right to Durink Street, turn left and it becomes Oregon Trail turn left or west for about four miles ( the road changes to .37 Mile and about ten minutes. Easton, Kansas Road (a gravel road). Continue west on Oregon Trail Road Blue River Road). The marker is on the north side of Blue to Pleasant View Road, turn right, continue west on Oregon From parking lot retrace same route to Fort Riley Blvd.
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Bent's Fort Primary Resource
1 Bent’s Fort: Trade in Transition How did family relationships influence trade relationships on the southern Colorado plains? What role did Bent’s Fort play in the westward expansion of the United States? What does the story of Bent’s Fort suggest about the relationship between trade and war among American Indians and Colorado settlers? By Jennifer Goodland* Standards and Teaching Strategies by: Corey Carlson, Zach Crandall, and Marcus Lee** Paid for by a grant from the Institute of Museum and Library Sciences * Jennifer Goodland has a master’s in history from University of Colorado Denver, where she concentrated on history tourism and the American West. She taught history at Metro State in Denver. Goodland runs a history research business called Big Year Colorado. ** Corey Carlson teaches 4th grade at Flatirons Elementary in Boulder, Zach Crandall teaches 8th grade U.S. Society at Southern Hills Middle in Boulder, Marcus Lee teaches and is the chair of the social studies department at George Washington High School in Denver. 2 Contents Standards Addressed Overview Essay Resources Growing the Border 1. The Louisiana Purchase and Missouri Territory 2. Bent and St. Vrain Families 3. Colorado’s Changing Borders 4. Bent’s Fort and the Border 5. Cheyenne Territory Travel and Trade 6. Bent’s Fort Floor Plan 7. Fur Trappers and the Bent, St. Vrain and Company Network 8. Jean-Baptiste Charbonneau 9. Fugitive at Bent’s Fort 10. Mexico Retaliates 11. Battleground: Bent’s Fort 12. Kearny’s March 13. Rebellion in Taos 14. Cut Off 15. Destruction of the Fort 16.
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3 Garrisoning of the Southwest
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Fort Union and the Santa Fe Trail
New Mexico Historical Review Volume 36 Number 1 Article 3 1-1-1961 Fort Union and the Santa Fe Trail Robert M. Utley Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/nmhr Recommended Citation Utley, Robert M.. "Fort Union and the Santa Fe Trail." New Mexico Historical Review 36, 1 (1961). https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/nmhr/vol36/iss1/3 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by UNM Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in New Mexico Historical Review by an authorized editor of UNM Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]. FORT UNION AND THE SANTA FE TRAIL By ROBERT M. UTLEY * OR over half a century a wide band of wagon ruts joined FNew Mexico, first as a Mexican province, later as Ameri can territory, to the Missouri frontier and the States. Be tween the American conquest in 1846 and the coming of the railroad in the decade of the seventies, the Santa Fe Trail was a momentous avenue of commerce, transportation, and communication. In Kansas the Trail divided, to enter New Mexico by two routes. The Cimarron Cutoff, shortest but most dangerous fork, turned southwest from the Arkansas River and followed the dry course of the Cimarron River into the Oklahoma pan handle, reaching New Mexico near present Clayton..The Mountain Branch, 100 miles longer and with the treacherous barrier of Raton Pass, kept to the north bank of the Arkansas, turned southwest along the base of the Rockies, and dropped into New Mexico at Raton Pass.
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Co-Raton-Mesa-Nm.Pdf
D-5 I I I~ ..--- ~..,.....----~__O~~--- I I I UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL SE I I I I II I Cover painting "FISHERS PEAK" by Arthur Roy Mitchell, commissioned for the Denver Post's Collection of Western Art, reproduced through the courtesy of Palmer Hoyt, Editor. I I.1 I I SYNOPSIS NOT FOR FU~LIC l{ELEASJ Raton Mesa near Trinidad, Colorado, about 200 miles south of Denver, I is the highest, most scenic, impressive and accessible of a scattered group of lava-capped mesas straddling the eastern half of the Colorado- I New Mexico boundary. It and its highest part, Fishers Peak, are well I known landmarks dating back to the days of the Santa Fe Trail which~ traverses Raton Pass on its southwest flank, today crossed by an interstate high- I way. Three distinct, easily recognized vegetative zones, mostly forest, lay on its slopes; the Mesa top is a high mountain grassland. I Ancient lava flows covered portions of this region, the Raton I section of the Great Plains physiographic province, millions of years ago when the surface was much higher. These flows protected the mesas from subsequent erosion which has carried away the surrounding territory, • leaving Fishers Peak today towering 4,000 feet above the City of Trinidad. I Lavas at Capulin Mountain, a National Monument located nearby in New I Mexico, though at a lower elevation, are thought to be much more recent. Raton Pass was a strategic point on the Mountain Branch of the I Santa Fe Trail during the Mexican and Civil Wars, and to travelers past and present a clima~~ gateway to the southwest.
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Horses in the Southwest Tobi Taylor and William H
ARCHAEOLOGY SOUTHWEST CONTINUE ON TO THE NEXT PAGE FOR YOUR magazineFREE PDF (formerly the Center for Desert Archaeology) is a private 501 (c) (3) nonprofit organization that explores and protects the places of our past across the American Southwest and Mexican Northwest. We have developed an integrated, conservation- based approach known as Preservation Archaeology. Although Preservation Archaeology begins with the active protection of archaeological sites, it doesn’t end there. We utilize holistic, low-impact investigation methods in order to pursue big-picture questions about what life was like long ago. As a part of our mission to help foster advocacy and appreciation for the special places of our past, we share our discoveries with the public. This free back issue of Archaeology Southwest Magazine is one of many ways we connect people with the Southwest’s rich past. Enjoy! Not yet a member? Join today! Membership to Archaeology Southwest includes: » A Subscription to our esteemed, quarterly Archaeology Southwest Magazine » Updates from This Month at Archaeology Southwest, our monthly e-newsletter » 25% off purchases of in-print, in-stock publications through our bookstore » Discounted registration fees for Hands-On Archaeology classes and workshops » Free pdf downloads of Archaeology Southwest Magazine, including our current and most recent issues » Access to our on-site research library » Invitations to our annual members’ meeting, as well as other special events and lectures Join us at archaeologysouthwest.org/how-to-help In the meantime, stay informed at our regularly updated Facebook page! 300 N Ash Alley, Tucson AZ, 85701 • (520) 882-6946 • [email protected] • www.archaeologysouthwest.org Archaeology Southwest Volume 18, Number 3 Center for Desert Archaeology Summer 2004 Horses in the Southwest Tobi Taylor and William H.
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An Old Santa Fe Trail Map Recovered
An Old Santa Fe Trail Map Recovered By Margaret Sears ample of disparity among various figures reported by both freighters. [This may be simply that the actual shipment [Due to space limitations,the maps identified herein, which was more than the contract.] are the subject of this article, are located on the Santa Fe Trail Association website www.santafetrail.org/publications/new- Upon returning to Fort Leavenworth the freighters turned research/ . The advantage of online copies is that they can be in their records. The government determined that the mile- enlarged to see details more clearly. Hard copies are available age reported was greater than the distance of the Santa Fe from SFTA. Email [email protected] or call 620-285-2054.] Trail the freighters traveled. All trains did not take the same route. Some took the Mountain Route, or Raton Route as Some years ago the late William Chalfant, renowned Santa that alternate track was also called, through southern Colo- Fe Trail historian/author, informed the National Park Ser- rado, while others took the Cimarron Route, which crossed vice, National Trails Intermountain Region (NTIR) office the Arkansas River 12 miles east of present Dodge City, in Santa Fe that he had uncovered an article from the July then entered into the present Oklahoma panhandle. Nor Great Bend Register 20, 1876, [Kansas] stating: were any military orders given that they follow a particular route.5 A “train,” as described by the U.S. Court of Claims During the years 1863, 1864, and 1865 the government consisted of 25 wagons, each drawn by 4-6 yoke of oxen.6 contracted with a firm in Leavenworth to transport freight from Fort Leavenworth to Fort Union, at a certain To compound the problem, there were other short devia- price per mile.
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Chapter 4: Geographic Areas Places Matter
Chapter 4: Geographic Areas Places Matter. Across the 1.6 million acres of the Santa Fe National Forest (NF), there are diverse communities and cultures, recreation uses, and restoration needs. Compared to other National Forests, the Santa Fe NF is surrounded by very diverse landscapes as well as unusually diverse communities and cultures with roots going back hundreds and thousands of years. Nationwide not all Forest Plans use Geographic Areas (GAs), but to recognize and best manage the similarities and differences that exist across distinct landscapes on the Santa Fe NF, seven GAs have been identified. Each of the seven GAs on the Forest have different restoration needs, sustainable recreation opportunities, connections to nearby communities, and partnerships with the public. Each GA is described in the context of local communities, uses, and restoration needs. In addition, each GA is accompanied by Desired Conditions that refine broad forest-wide management direction and offer unique guidance. From West to East, the 7 Geographic Areas are: • Canadas and Nacimiento • Jemez Mesas and Canyons • North Jemez Mountains • West Sangres and Caja • Pecos River Canyon • East Sangres • Rowe Mesa and Anton Chico Geographic Areas are made up of the unique cultural identities, ecology, and types of use specific to different places on the Forest. These features may align with Ranger Districts, county lines, watersheds, or other geographical and socioeconomic boundaries. Where people travel from as they access different parts of the forest was also considered in defining boundaries. Therefore, GAs can also represent many small “community” forests within the larger Santa Fe NF. Local community culture, economic drivers, natural and man-made landscape features, ecology, types of recreation, and restoration needs shaped the GAs, which are delineated by easily recognized natural features and infrastructure (e.g., waterways, roads, and ridges).
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