DOCSLIB.ORG

04/11/2020 1 Subphylum Myriapoda

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
04/11/2020 1 Subphylum Myriapoda 04/11/2020 1 * * Subphylum Myriapoda * •Pertenecen al clado Mandibulata (artrópodos con mandíbulas) junto con Crustáceos y Hexápoda •Tagmas: cabeza y tronco •Apéndices en casi todos los segmentos •Apéndices cefálicos: -Antenas -Mandíbulas -Maxilas I -Maxilas II (pueden faltar) -Sin ojos compuestos •Con tráqueas * •Con túbulos de Malpighi * (*) de origen evol. independiente de Quelicerados 2 1 04/11/2020 Subphylum Myriapoda (~ 16.300 especies) •Su monofilia sustentada por evidencia molecular y morfológica. Por ej. estructura única del tentorio o endoesqueleto cefálico; con órganos de Tomosvary (org. sensoriales que abren en base de antenas); con glándulas repugnatorias (en ciertos segmentos o patas, que segregan sustancia repelente para defensa) •Comprenden cuatro clases: •Chilopoda (quilópodos o cienpiés) •Symplyla (sínfilos) •Pauropoda (paurópodos) •Diplopoda (diplópodos o milpiés) 3 Chilopoda (cienpiés, ~3300 especies) •Cuerpo aplanado dorsoventralmente •Cabeza con antenas largas •Tronco con Nro vriable de segmentos, generalmente 1 par de patas por segmento •Carnívoros (insectos, lombrices), matan con sus maxilípedos con uña venenosa; •C/seg.: 1 par de espiráculos (tráqueas ramificadas conectadas con el seg. n-1 y n+1). •SN en escalera. •SC, corazón a lo largo del tronco, c/1 par de ostíolos y 1 par de arterias por seg. •SE: Tubos de Malpighi. •Fecundación interna. Desarrollo anamórfico (juveniles con menos segmentos que adulto) o epimórfico (tienen igual nro de segmentos). 4 2 04/11/2020 Filogenia de Chilopoda Relaciones filogenéticas de los cinco órdenes de cienpiés actuales. Tiempos de divergencia en base a Fernández et al. (2014). 5 Clase Chilopoda Subcl. Notostigmophora -espiráculos medio-dorsales -cabeza redondeada -tráqueas cortas -hemolinfa con hemocianina -ojos compuestos O: Scutigeromorpha -15 pares de patas largas y delgadas O: Craterostigmomorpha O: Lithiobiomorpha Subcl. Pleurostigmophora -espiráculos laterales -cabeza aplanada -sin pigmentos respiratorios -nro. variable de patas O: Geophilomorpha O: Scolopendromorpha 6 3 04/11/2020 Diplopoda (milpiés, ~ 16000-20000 especies) •Cuerpo subcilíndrico o aplanado •Cabeza con antenas cortas y ojos simples agrupados •Con mandíbulas y gnatoquilario (fusión de maxilas I), sin maxilas II •Herbívoros o materia orgánica en descomposición Sinapomorfías: •Tronco con Nro vriable de somitos c/u diplosomitos, formado por unión de dos segmentos 4 conos sensoriales en extremo de antenas, (diplosomitos) y generalmente hay 2 espermatozoides aflagelados pares de patas por somito (en adulto) •SR: traqueas no ramificadas. 7 Filogenia de Diplopoda Nematophorma 8 4 04/11/2020 Polydesmida (Eugnatha) Platydesmida (Colobognatha) Comparación (no a escala) de las expansiones laterales del noto en Polydesmida (izquierda) y Platydesmida (derecha). Spirostreptida (Juliformia) Polydesmida Glomerida (Pentazonia) Tipos de cuerpo típicos de Penicillata (arriba), Pentazonia (medio) y Helminthomorpha (abajo). Julida Spirobolida 9 Tipos ecomorfológicos en base a hábitos y morfología excavadores tipo cuña barrenadores rodadores Spp de corteza 10 5 04/11/2020 11 Pauropoda (~850 especies) •Diminutos ( > 2 mm), blanquecinos •En terrenos húmedos, hojarasca y bajo cortezas •Sin ojos, con pseudocelos •Antenas ramificadas (formadas por base de cuatro segmentos y dos ramas apicales: la dorsal con un flagelo y la ventral con dos •Con glóbulus (órgano sensitivo entre antenas) •Tronco de 12 segmentos, una placa tergal por cada dos segmentos •9-10 pares de patas •Sin SC ni SR. •Desarrollo anamórfico. Crías c/3 pares de hileras. 12 6 04/11/2020 Clasificación de Pauropoda 2 órdenes Tetramerocerata Hexamerocerata Tetramerocerata: forman un clase Hexamerocerata: forman un orden de paurópodos que se caracterizan caracterizado por presentar 12 segmentos , por tener doce segmentos, antenas con seis ramas y once pares de antenas con cuatro ramas o patas. Una familia mono genérica con 8 spp. segmentos y 8-10 pares de patas. (Millotauropodidae). Doce familias. 13 Symphyla (~200 especies) •Pequeños (< 1 cm) y blanquecinos •Antenas moniliformes, largas, sin ojos •En humus y detritos orgánicos •Un par de patas por segmento y un par de estilos sedicígenos •SR: tráqueas que se abren en la base de c/antena (estigma) y se ramifican en los 3 primeros seg. del tronco. Además, respiración cutánea. •Progoneados (adulto), juvenil es opistogoneado. •Desarrollo anamórfico. 14 7 04/11/2020 Clasificación de Symphyla 2 familias Scutigerellidae: sínfilos de Scolopendrellidae: compuesta por mayor tamaño – 4-8 sínfilos más pequeños – 1-4 mm – con mm – y representada a su vez ocho géneros. por cinco géneros a nivel mundial 15 8.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Supra-Familial Taxon Names of the Diplopoda Table 4A
    Milli-PEET, Taxonomy Table 4 Page - 1 - Table 4: Supra-familial taxon names of the Diplopoda Table 4a: List of current supra-familial taxon names in alphabetical order, with their old invalid counterpart and included orders. [Brackets] indicate that the taxon group circumscribed by the old taxon group name is not recognized in Shelley's 2003 classification. Current Name Old Taxon Name Order Brannerioidea in part Trachyzona Verhoeff, 1913 Chordeumatida Callipodida Lysiopetalida Chamberlin, 1943 Callipodida [Cambaloidea+Spirobolida+ Chorizognatha Verhoeff, 1910 Cambaloidea+Spirobolida+ Spirostreptida] Spirostreptida Chelodesmidea Leptodesmidi Brölemann, 1916 Polydesmida Chelodesmidea Sphaeriodesmidea Jeekel, 1971 Polydesmida Chordeumatida Ascospermophora Verhoeff, 1900 Chordeumatida Chordeumatida Craspedosomatida Jeekel, 1971 Chordeumatida Chordeumatidea Craspedsomatoidea Cook, 1895 Chordeumatida Chordeumatoidea Megasacophora Verhoeff, 1929 Chordeumatida Craspedosomatoidea Cheiritophora Verhoeff, 1929 Chordeumatida Diplomaragnoidea Ancestreumatoidea Golovatch, 1977 Chordeumatida Glomerida Plesiocerata Verhoeff, 1910 Glomerida Hasseoidea Orobainosomidi Brolemann, 1935 Chordeumatida Hasseoidea Protopoda Verhoeff, 1929 Chordeumatida Helminthomorpha Proterandria Verhoeff, 1894 all helminthomorph orders Heterochordeumatoidea Oedomopoda Verhoeff, 1929 Chordeumatida Julida Symphyognatha Verhoeff, 1910 Julida Julida Zygocheta Cook, 1895 Julida [Julida+Spirostreptida] Diplocheta Cook, 1895 Julida+Spirostreptida [Julida in part[ Arthrophora Verhoeff,
    [Show full text]
  • Biochemical Divergence Between Cavernicolous and Marine
    The position of crustaceans within Arthropoda - Evidence from nine molecular loci and morphology GONZALO GIRIBET', STEFAN RICHTER2, GREGORY D. EDGECOMBE3 & WARD C. WHEELER4 Department of Organismic and Evolutionary- Biology, Museum of Comparative Zoology; Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.A. ' Friedrich-Schiller-UniversitdtJena, Instituifiir Spezielte Zoologie und Evolutionsbiologie, Jena, Germany 3Australian Museum, Sydney, NSW, Australia Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, U.S.A. ABSTRACT The monophyly of Crustacea, relationships of crustaceans to other arthropods, and internal phylogeny of Crustacea are appraised via parsimony analysis in a total evidence frame­ work. Data include sequences from three nuclear ribosomal genes, four nuclear coding genes, and two mitochondrial genes, together with 352 characters from external morphol­ ogy, internal anatomy, development, and mitochondrial gene order. Subjecting the com­ bined data set to 20 different parameter sets for variable gap and transversion costs, crusta­ ceans group with hexapods in Tetraconata across nearly all explored parameter space, and are members of a monophyletic Mandibulata across much of the parameter space. Crustacea is non-monophyletic at low indel costs, but monophyly is favored at higher indel costs, at which morphology exerts a greater influence. The most stable higher-level crusta­ cean groupings are Malacostraca, Branchiopoda, Branchiura + Pentastomida, and an ostracod-cirripede group. For combined data, the Thoracopoda and Maxillopoda concepts are unsupported, and Entomostraca is only retrieved under parameter sets of low congruence. Most of the current disagreement over deep divisions in Arthropoda (e.g., Mandibulata versus Paradoxopoda or Cormogonida versus Chelicerata) can be viewed as uncertainty regarding the position of the root in the arthropod cladogram rather than as fundamental topological disagreement as supported in earlier studies (e.g., Schizoramia versus Mandibulata or Atelocerata versus Tetraconata).
    [Show full text]
  • Annexure I Fauna & Flora Assessment.Pdf
    Fauna and Flora Baseline Study for the De Wittekrans Project Mpumalanga, South Africa Prepared for GCS (Pty) Ltd. By Resource Management Services (REMS) P.O. Box 2228, Highlands North, 2037, South Africa [email protected] www.remans.co.za December 2008 I REMS December 2008 Fauna and Flora Assessment De Wittekrans Executive Summary Mashala Resources (Pty) Ltd is planning to develop a coal mine south of the town of Hendrina in the Mpumalanga province on a series of farms collectively known as the De Wittekrans project. In compliance with current legislation, they have embarked on the process to acquire environmental authorisation from the relevant authorities for their proposed mining activities. GCS (Pty) Ltd. commissioned Resource Management Services (REMS) to conduct a Faunal and Floral Assessment of the area to identify the potential direct and indirect impacts of future mining, to recommend management measures to minimise or prevent these impacts on these ecosystems and to highlight potential areas of conservation importance. This is the wet season survey which was done in the November 2008. The study area is located within the highveld grasslands of the Msukaligwa Local Municipality in the Gert Sibande District Municipality in Mpumalanga Province on the farms Tweefontein 203 IS (RE of Portion 1); De Wittekrans 218 IS (RE of Portion 1 and Portion 2, Portions 7, 11, 10 and 5); Groblershoek 191 IS; Groblershoop 192 IS; and Israel 207 IS. Within this region, precipitation occurs mainly in the summer months of October to March with the peak of the rainy season occurring from November to January.
    [Show full text]
  • A New Species of Illacme Cook & Loomis, 1928
    A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 626: 1–43A new (2016) species of Illacme Cook and Loomis, 1928 from Sequoia National Park... 1 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.626.9681 RESEARCH ARTICLE http://zookeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research A new species of Illacme Cook & Loomis, 1928 from Sequoia National Park, California, with a world catalog of the Siphonorhinidae (Diplopoda, Siphonophorida) Paul E. Marek1, Jean K. Krejca2, William A. Shear3 1 Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Department of Entomology, Price Hall, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA 2 Zara Environmental LLC, 1707 W FM 1626, Manchaca, Texas, USA 3 Hampden-Sydney College, Department of Biology, Gilmer Hall, Hampden-Sydney, Virginia, USA Corresponding author: Paul E. Marek ([email protected]) Academic editor: R. Mesibov | Received 25 July 2016 | Accepted 19 September 2016 | Published 20 October 2016 http://zoobank.org/36E16503-BC2B-4D92-982E-FC2088094C93 Citation: Marek PE, Krejca JK, Shear WA (2016) A new species of Illacme Cook & Loomis, 1928 from Sequoia National Park, California, with a world catalog of the Siphonorhinidae (Diplopoda, Siphonophorida). ZooKeys 626: 1–43. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.626.9681 Abstract Members of the family Siphonorhinidae Cook, 1895 are thread-like eyeless millipedes that possess an astounding number of legs, including one individual with 750. Due to their cryptic lifestyle, rarity in natural history collections, and sporadic study over the last century, the family has an unclear phylogenetic placement, and intrafamilial relationships remain unknown. Here we report the discovery of a second spe- cies of Illacme, a millipede genus notable for possessing the greatest number of legs of any known animal on the planet.
    [Show full text]
  • The Millipedes and Centipedes of Chiapas Amber
    14 4 ANNOTATED LIST OF SPECIES Check List 14 (4): 637–646 https://doi.org/10.15560/14.4.637 The millipedes and centipedes of Chiapas amber Francisco Riquelme1, Miguel Hernández-Patricio2 1 Laboratorio de Sistemática Molecular. Escuela de Estudios Superiores del Jicarero, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Jicarero C.P. 62909, Morelos, Mexico. 2 Subcoordinación de Inventarios Bióticos, Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad, Tlalpan C.P. 14010, Mexico City, Mexico. Corresponding author: Francisco Riquelme, [email protected] Abstract An inventory of fossil millipedes (class Diplopoda) and centipedes (class Chilopoda) from Miocene Chiapas amber, Mexico, is presented, with the inclusion of new records. For Diplopoda, 34 members are enumerated, for which 31 are described as new fossil records of the orders Siphonophorida Newport, 1844, Spirobolida Bollman, 1893, Polydesmida Leach, 1895, Stemmiulida Pocock, 1894, and the superorder Juliformia Attems, 1926. For Chilopoda 8 fossils are listed, for which 3 are new records of the order Geophilomorpha Pocock, 1895 and 2 are of the order Scolopendromorpha Pocock, 1895. Key words Miocene, Mexico, Diplopoda, Chilopoda. Academic editor: Peter Dekker | Received 14 May 2018 | Accepted 26 July 2018 | Published 10 August 2018 Citation: Riquelme F, Hernández-Patricio F (2018) The millipedes and centipedes of Chiapas amber. Check List 14 (4): 637–646. https://doi. org/10.15560/14.4.637 Introduction Diplopoda fossil record worldwide (Edgecombe 2015). Two other centipedes have been reported in Ross et al. The extant species of millipedes and centipedes distributed (2016). Other records of millipedes have been mentioned across Mexico have been studied since the initial reports in the literature but are questionable because of a lack of Brand (1839) and Persbosc (1839).
    [Show full text]
  • An Apparently Non-Swinging Tentorium in the Diplopoda (Myriapoda): Comparative Morphology of the Tentorial Complex in Giant Pill-Millipedes (Sphaerotheriida)
    A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 741: 77–91An (2018) apparently non-swinging tentorium in the Diplopoda (Myriapoda)... 77 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.741.21909 RESEARCH ARTICLE http://zookeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research An apparently non-swinging tentorium in the Diplopoda (Myriapoda): comparative morphology of the tentorial complex in giant pill-millipedes (Sphaerotheriida) Leif Moritz1, Thomas Wesener1, Markus Koch2,3 1 Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, Leibniz Institute for Animal Biodiversity, Section Myria- poda, Adenauerallee 160, 53113 Bonn, Germany 2 Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany 3 Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Dept. In- formation Technology and Biodiversity Informatics, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany Corresponding author: Leif Moritz ([email protected]) Academic editor: G.D. Edgecombe | Received 29 October 2017 | Accepted 20 December 2017 | Published 7 March 2018 http://zoobank.org/8F4AEFD3-9943-42D5-9E08-11C0F1D94FB4 Citation: Moritz L, Wesener T, Koch M (2018) An apparently non-swinging tentorium in the Diplopoda (Myriapoda): comparative morphology of the tentorial complex in giant pill-millipedes (Sphaerotheriida). In: Stoev P, Edgecombe GD (Eds) Proceedings of the 17th International Congress of Myriapodology, Krabi, Thailand. ZooKeys 741: 77–91. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.741.21909 Abstract The presence of a swinging tentorium is a key apomorphy of Myriapoda, but this character has been studied in detail in only few species. Here the tentorium, i.e., the peristomatic skeleton of the preoral chamber, is comparatively studied in three species of the millipede order Sphaerotheriida Brandt, 1833. Since dissections of the fragile tentorial components proved to be difficult, despite the large head size, they were analysed mainly in situ via micro-computed tomography.
    [Show full text]
  • Monophyly of the Ring-Forming Group in Diplopoda (Myriapoda, Arthropoda) Based on SSU and LSU Ribosomal RNA Sequences
    Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Progress in Natural Science 19 (2009) 1297–1303 www.elsevier.com/locate/pnsc Monophyly of the ring-forming group in Diplopoda (Myriapoda, Arthropoda) based on SSU and LSU ribosomal RNA sequences Peiyun Cong a,b, Xuhua Xia c, Qun Yang a,* a State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Strategraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China b Yunnan Key Laboratory for Paleobiology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China c Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ont., Canada K1N 6N5 Received 13 February 2009; received in revised form 15 March 2009; accepted 17 March 2009 Abstract Two controversies exist in the phylogeny of the derived millipedes (Diplopoda). The first is whether millipedes with a fusion ring, including Polydesmida, Spirobolida, Spirostreptida and Julida, form a monophyletic group (the ring-forming group). The second con- cerns the phylogenetic relationship within the three orders of Juliformia, i.e. Julida, Spirostreptida and Spirobolida. To resolve these phylogenetic controversies, we sequenced 18S and 28S rDNA from six millipede orders and retrieved several homologous sequences from GenBank. Our results give robust support to the monophyly of the ring-forming group based on maximum parsimony methods, max- imum likelihood methods and Bayesian inference. The monophyly of the ring-forming group suggests that the fusion of segment sclerites might have occurred only once during millipede evolutionary history. We also established a sister-group relationship between Spirobol- ida and Spirostreptida within Juliformia after eliminating a short-branch attraction phenomenon, which is consistent with that from the mitochondrial genome analysis.
    [Show full text]
  • Ontogenetska, Histološka, Semiohemijska I Etološka Istraživanja Vrste Pachyiulus Hungaricus (Karsch, 1881) (Diplopoda, Julida, Julidae)
    UNIVERZITET U BEOGRADU BIOLOŠKI FAKULTET Zvezdana S. Jovanović ONTOGENETSKA, HISTOLOŠKA, SEMIOHEMIJSKA I ETOLOŠKA ISTRAŽIVANJA VRSTE PACHYIULUS HUNGARICUS (KARSCH, 1881) (DIPLOPODA, JULIDA, JULIDAE) doktorska disertacija Beograd, 2019 UNIVERSITY OF BELGRADE FACULTY OF BIOLOGY Zvezdana S. Jovanović ONTOGENETIC, HISTOLOGICAL, SEMIOCHEMICAL AND ETHOLOGICAL RESEARCH OF PACHYIULUS HUNGARICUS (KARSCH, 1881) (DIPLOPODA, JULIDA, JULIDAE) Doctoral Dissertation Belgrade, 2019 Mentori: ____________________________________ Prof. dr Slobodan Makarov, redovni profesor, Univerzitet u Beogradu - Biološki fakultet ____________________________________ Prof. dr Luka Lučić, redovni profesor, Univerzitet u Beogradu - Biološki fakultet Članovi komisije: ____________________________________ Prof. dr Aleksandra Korać, redovni profesor Univerzitet u Beogradu - Biološki fakultet ____________________________________ Prof. dr Sofija Pavković-Lučić, redovni profesor Univerzitet u Beogradu - Biološki fakultet ____________________________________ Dr Ljubodrag Vujisić, docent Univerzitet u Beogradu - Hemijski fakultet Datum odbrane: ______________ ZAHVALNICA Ova doktorska disertacija je urađena na Katedri za dinamiku razvića životinja Univerziteta u Beogradu - Biološkog fakulteta, i predstavlja rezultat saradnje sa Katedrom za biologiju ćelija i tkiva i Centrom za elektronsku mikroskopiju, Katedrom za mikrobiologiju Univerziteta u Beogradu - Biološkog fakulteta i Katedrom za organsku hemiju Univerziteta u Beogradu - Hemijskog fakulteta. Finansijska podrška obezbeđena
    [Show full text]
  • Diplopoda — Taxonomic Overview
    CHAPTER 16 DIPLOPODA — TAXONOMIC OVERVIEW BY HENRIK ENGHOFF, SERGEI GOLOVATCH, MEGAN SHORT, PAVEL STOEV AND THOMAS WESENER There is no widely accepted consensus about the classification of Diplopoda. The following account basically follows the arrangement by Shear (2011), deviations from this are specified. All currently recognized families are mentioned, and more or less exact numbers of known genera and species in each family are given, as well as the known geographical distribution. With more than 1800 recognized genera (1868 according to Shear, 2011) mentioning and characterizing them all would require a volume in itself. In the following treatment, which is exhaustive down to the families, all genera are mentioned only for some, mainly smaller orders, whereas only a selection of genera are mentioned for the large orders Polydesmida, Chordeumatida, Julida and Spirostreptida. Likewise, the amount of morphological detail varies greatly between orders, and this chapter cannot in general be used as an identification manual. For those genera which are listed, the (approximate) number of known species and the geographical distribution are given, and as a rule the name of at least one species per listed genus is included. Information on habits is included to a limited extent, e.g., if the members of the family/genus are cavernicolous. Only Recent taxa are treated here. For fossils see Chapter 14. Class DIPLOPODA de Blainville in Gervais, 1844 [HENRIK ENGHOFF] Terrestrial mandibulate and tracheate arthropods with adult body size 1.4-350 mm. Cuticle rarely soft and covered by modified setae (Polyxenida), usually calcified, form- ing an inflexible, rarely flexible (Glomeridesmida and Polyzoniida), exoskeleton.
    [Show full text]
  • On Mass Migrations in Millipedes Based on A
    ZOOLOGICAL RESEARCH New observations - with older ones reviewed - on mass migrations in millipedes based on a recent outbreak on Hachijojima (Izu Islands) of the polydesmid diplopod (Chamberlinius hualienensis, Wang 1956): Nothing appears to make much sense Victor Benno MEYER-ROCHOW1,2,* 1 Research Institute of Luminous Organisms, Hachijo, 2749 Nakanogo (Hachijojima), Tokyo, 100-1623, Japan 2 Department of Biology (Eläinmuseo), University of Oulu, SF-90014 Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, Finland ABSTRACT individuals occurring together at close proximity. It is concluded that mass migrations and aggregations in Mass aggregations and migrations of millipedes millipedes do not have one common cause, but despite numerous attempts to find causes for their represent phenomena that often are seasonally occurrences are still an enigma. They have been recurring events and appear identical in their reported from both southern and northern outcome, but which have evolved as responses to hemisphere countries, from highlands and lowlands different causes in different millipede taxa and of both tropical and temperate regions and they can therefore need to be examined on a case-to-case involve species belonging to the orders Julida and basis. Spirobolida, Polydesmida and Glomerida. According Keywords: Myriapoda; Spawning migration; Aggregation to the main suggestions put forward in the past, 1 mass occurrences in Diplopoda occur: (1) because behaviour; Diplopod commensals and parasites of a lack of food and a population increase beyond sustainable levels; (2) for the purpose of INTRODUCTION reproduction and in order to locate suitable oviposition sites; (3) to find overwintering or Mass aggregations of millipedes are not a recent phenomenon aestivation sites; (4) because of habitat disruption (Hopkin & Read, 1992).
    [Show full text]
  • Morphological Data, Extant Myriapoda, and the Myriapod Stem-Group
    Contributions to Zoology, 73 (3) 207-252 (2004) SPB Academic Publishing bv, The Hague Morphological data, extant Myriapoda, and the myriapod stem-group Gregory+D. Edgecombe Australian Museum, 6 College Street, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia, e-mail: [email protected] Keywords: Myriapoda, phylogeny, stem-group, fossils Abstract Tagmosis; long-bodied fossils 222 Fossil candidates for the stem-group? 222 Conclusions 225 The status ofMyriapoda (whether mono-, para- or polyphyletic) Acknowledgments 225 and controversial, position of myriapods in the Arthropoda are References 225 .. fossils that an impediment to evaluating may be members of Appendix 1. Characters used in phylogenetic analysis 233 the myriapod stem-group. Parsimony analysis of319 characters Appendix 2. Characters optimised on cladogram in for extant arthropods provides a basis for defending myriapod Fig. 2 251 monophyly and identifying those morphological characters that are to taxon to The necessary assign a fossil the Myriapoda. the most of the allianceofhexapods and crustaceans need notrelegate myriapods “Perhaps perplexing arthropod taxa 1998: to the arthropod stem-group; the Mandibulatahypothesis accom- are the myriapods” (Budd, 136). modates Myriapoda and Tetraconata as sister taxa. No known pre-Silurianfossils have characters that convincingly place them in the Myriapoda or the myriapod stem-group. Because the Introduction strongest apomorphies ofMyriapoda are details ofthe mandible and tentorial endoskeleton,exceptional fossil preservation seems confound For necessary to recognise a stem-group myriapod. Myriapods palaeontologists. all that Cambrian Lagerstdtten like the Burgess Shale and Chengjiang have contributed to knowledge of basal Contents arthropod inter-relationships, they are notably si- lent on the matter of myriapod origins and affini- Introduction 207 ties.
    [Show full text]
  • United States National Museum ^^*Fr?*5J Bulletin 212
    United States National Museum ^^*fr?*5j Bulletin 212 CHECKLIST OF THE MILLIPEDS OF NORTH AMERICA By RALPH V. CHAMBERLIN Department of Zoology University of Utah RICHARD L. HOFFMAN Department of Biology Virginia Polytechnic Institute SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION • WASHINGTON, D. C. • 1958 Publications of the United States National Museum The scientific publications of the National Museum include two series known, respectively, as Proceedings and Bulletin. The Proceedings series, begun in 1878, is intended primarily as a medium for the publication of original papers based on the collections of the National Museum, that set forth newly acquired facts in biology, anthropology, and geology, with descriptions of new forms and revisions of limited groups. Copies of each paper, in pamphlet form, are distributed as published to libraries and scientific organizations and to specialists and others interested in the different subjects. The dates at which these separate papers are published are recorded in the table of contents of each of the volumes. The series of Bulletins, the first of which was issued in 1875, contains separate publications comprising monographs of large zoological groups and other general systematic treatises (occasionally in several volumes), faunal works, reports of expeditions, catalogs of type specimens, special collections, and other material of similar nature. The majority of the volumes are octavo in size, but a quarto size has been adopted in a few in- stances. In the Bulletin series appear volumes under the heading Contribu- tions from the United States National Herbarium, in octavo form, published by the National Museum since 1902, which contain papers relating to the botanical collections of the Museum.
    [Show full text]