14 4 ANNOTATED LIST OF SPECIES Check List 14 (4): 637–646 https://doi.org/10.15560/14.4.637 The millipedes and centipedes of Chiapas amber Francisco Riquelme1, Miguel Hernández-Patricio2 1 Laboratorio de Sistemática Molecular. Escuela de Estudios Superiores del Jicarero, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Jicarero C.P. 62909, Morelos, Mexico. 2 Subcoordinación de Inventarios Bióticos, Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad, Tlalpan C.P. 14010, Mexico City, Mexico. Corresponding author: Francisco Riquelme, [email protected] Abstract An inventory of fossil millipedes (class Diplopoda) and centipedes (class Chilopoda) from Miocene Chiapas amber, Mexico, is presented, with the inclusion of new records. For Diplopoda, 34 members are enumerated, for which 31 are described as new fossil records of the orders Siphonophorida Newport, 1844, Spirobolida Bollman, 1893, Polydesmida Leach, 1895, Stemmiulida Pocock, 1894, and the superorder Juliformia Attems, 1926. For Chilopoda 8 fossils are listed, for which 3 are new records of the order Geophilomorpha Pocock, 1895 and 2 are of the order Scolopendromorpha Pocock, 1895. Key words Miocene, Mexico, Diplopoda, Chilopoda. Academic editor: Peter Dekker | Received 14 May 2018 | Accepted 26 July 2018 | Published 10 August 2018 Citation: Riquelme F, Hernández-Patricio F (2018) The millipedes and centipedes of Chiapas amber. Check List 14 (4): 637–646. https://doi. org/10.15560/14.4.637 Introduction Diplopoda fossil record worldwide (Edgecombe 2015). Two other centipedes have been reported in Ross et al. The extant species of millipedes and centipedes distributed (2016). Other records of millipedes have been mentioned across Mexico have been studied since the initial reports in the literature but are questionable because of a lack of Brand (1839) and Persbosc (1839). A current review of data and evidence (Hurd et al. 1962, Avendaño-Gil et of millipedes (Diplopoda) in Mexico was published by al. 2012, Ross et al. 2016) or because specimens are not Bueno-Villegas et al. (2004) and reviews of centipedes available (Hurd et al. 1962, Avendaño-Gil et al. 2012). (Chilopoda) were reported by Cupul-Magaña (2013) and Excluding the probable millipede specimen ?Xylobius Flores-Guerrero et al. (2015). The latter includes the fos- mexicanus Müllerried 1942 from a upper Jurassic/mid- sil species Scolopocryptops simojovelensis Edgecombe Cretaceous horizon in Puebla, Central Mexico, whose et al. 2012 (Scolopendromorpha) from Chiapas Amber. taxonomic identity is doubtful, the fossil material of both Recently, the fossil millipedes Parastemmiulus elektron millipedes and centipedes in Mexico generally comes Riquelme, 2013 (Stemmiulida), Anbarrhacus adamantis from the Miocene amber localities in the Chiapas High- Riquelme & Hernández-Patricio, 2014 (Polydesmida), lands in southwestern Mexico. These sites are part of the and Maatidesmus paachtun Riquelme & Hernández- Chiapas amber Lagerstätte with remarkable fossil pres- Patricio, 2014 (Polydesmida) from Chiapas amber ervation of terrestrial arthropods, including myriapods (Riquelme et al. 2014a) were included in a new revision of (Riquelme et al. 2013, 2014a, b). Copyright Riquelme and Hernández-Patricio. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 638 Check List 14 (4) Here we address the current knowledge of fossil mil- AMNH: American Museum of Natural History, New lipedes and centipedes in Miocene Chiapas amber. An York, USA. inventory of fossil specimens is given, which mostly CPAL-UAEM: Colección de Paleontología, Universidad includes new fossil records (Table 1). Other records, as Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Morelos, Mexico. presented in published papers, are also mentioned. A IGL-UNAM: Colección Nacional de Paleontología, Insti- major part of this work is the result of a short period of tuto de Geología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de fieldwork and represents only an introductory account México, Mexico City, Mexico. due to the difficulties surrounding the collection of fos- MACH: Museo del Ámbar de Chiapas, San Cristóbal de sil specimens. We estimate that in 2016 about 60 amber las Casas, Chiapas, Mexico. specimens of both millipedes and centipedes, but mostly MALM: Museo del Ámbar Lilia Mijangos, San Cristóbal millipedes, were found in the Chiapas amber area. But de las Casas, Chiapas, Mexico. nearly 50 fossil specimens were lost in the same period NMS: National Museum of Scotland, Edinburgh, Scot- due to commercial trading and smuggling. In the con- land. text of this loss of material, the present inventory of SUCCINUM.INAH.2661: Private collection certified fossil specimens contributes significantly to the aim of by the Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia estimating taxonomic diversity of both Diplopoda and (INAH), San Cristóbal de las Casas, Chiapas, Mexico. Chilopoda in Mexico. It highlights new records of the order Siphonophorida, Spirobolida and Polydesmida in the Diplopoda and new records of the order Geophilo- Results morpha and Scolopendromorpha in the Chilopoda. Millipedes Class Diplopoda de Blainville in Gervais, 1844 Methods Subclass Chilognata Latreille, 1802/1803 A set of fossil specimens for this study was collected Infraclass Helminthomorpha Pocock, 1887 during 3 short field trips in 2015, 2016 and 2017 in the Subterclass Colobognatha Brandt, 1834 amber areas near the towns of Simojovel and Totolapa, Order Siphonophorida Newport, 1844 Chiapas, Mexico. A second set of specimens was exam- Family Siphonophoridae Newport, 1844 ined from the amber inclusion collection that belongs to Genus Siphonophora Brandt, 1837 the Museo del Ambar de Chiapas (MACH) and a third set of specimens was examined from the collection of Siphonophora sp. indet. the Museo del Ambar Lilia Mijangos (MALM), both Referred material. 2 specimens: CPAL.102: adult male, located in San Cristobal de las Casas, Chiapas. The complete specimen (Fig. 1A–C); MALM.21: adult of amber inclusion collections of these 2 museums are indeterminate sex, complete specimen. formally certified by the Instituto Nacional de Antrop- Locality. Mexico, Chiapas: Simojovel: Guadalupe Victo- ología e Historia (INAH), a federal agency that protects ria site, 17°07ʹ58ʺ N, 092°48ʹ19ʺ W. the paleontological heritage in Mexico. Exporting fos- sils from Mexico without INAH registration certificate Identification.Body slender and elongated; head without is illegal under federal laws. Furthermore, 3 millipede eyes, extended into a beak, antennae straight, wide and specimens, currently lost by commercial trade, are also elongated, fully visible in CPAL.102 (Fig. 1A–C), trunk listed in this paper. These fossils were photographed and with about 44 rings in CPAL.102 and 72 in MALM.21, identified in the field using the informal code AM.CH., granulated dorsal sculpture in the metategite. Sex is which in Spanish means Ámbar de Chiapas, followed by indeterminable in MALM.21 by the position of the body. an identification number (Id). Both specimens represent the first fossil record of the Taxonomic treatment of each fossil specimen includes family Siphonophoridae in Chiapas amber. the extended version of the traditional Linnaean classifi- Remarks. Extant representatives of Siphonophorida cation ranks. There is also morphological annotations and in Mexico are currently found in the northern states of additional information of the current geographic distribu- Sonora, Baja California Sur, Nuevo León, and Tamau- tion of closely related extant taxa in Mexico. Data from lipas. They also found in the southern states of Veracruz the 4 previously described fossil species are compiled and Yucatan (Bueno-Villegas et al. 2004). from literature; however, the catalogue presented here is predominantly taxonomic, and not bibliographic. Termi- Subterclass Eugnatha Attems, 1898 nology follows Enghoff et al. (2015) and Koch (2015) for Superorder Juliformia Attems, 1926 the Diplopoda, and Bonato et al. (2011) for the Chilopoda. Order Spirobolida Bollman, 1893 The microphotographs of the specimens were obtained by using multiple images stacking for 3-dimensional Spirobolida sp. indet. focus expansion in a Carl Zeiss microscope (Riquelme Referred material. 2 specimens: MALM.313: adult et al. 2014a, b). of indeterminate sex, complete specimen (Fig. 1D–E); List of collections acronyms is as follows: MALM.18: juvenile, complete specimen (Fig. 2A–C). Riquelme and Hernández-Patricio | Millipedes and centipedes of Chiapas amber 639 Locality. Mexico, Chiapas: Simojovel: La Pimienta site, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Jalisco, Mexico City, Michoacán, 17° 08′29″ N, 092°45′46″ W. Morelos, Nayarit, Nuevo León, Oaxaca, Puebla, Quintana Identification. Head with 18 or 11 ocelli, antenomeres Roo, San Luis Potosí, Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Yucatán, the short and flattened, collum smooth; trunk smooth with State of Mexico, and Zacatecas (Bueno-Villegas et al. about 40 rings in MALM.313 or 28 as seen in MALM.18, 2004, Shelley 2010, Medrano 2014). telson with a preanal sclerite, two well-rounded valves Subterclass Eugnatha Attems, 1898 and a short subanal plate. This is the first fossil record of Superorder Juliformia Attems, 1926 Spirobolida in Chiapas amber. Remarks. Living members of Spirobolida are found Juliformia sp. indet. in 23 states of Mexico, including Baja California Sur, Referred material. 1 specimen: