DOCSLIB.ORG

Dissecting Biodiversity in a Global Hotspot: Uneven Dynamics of Immigration and Diversification Within the Cape Floristic Region of South Africa

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Dissecting Biodiversity in a Global Hotspot: Uneven Dynamics of Immigration and Diversification Within the Cape Floristic Region of South Africa Wüest, Rafael O et al. ... doi:10.5061/dryad.1cs77qn Data from: Dissecting biodiversity in a global hotspot: uneven dynamics of immigration and diversification within the Cape Floristic Region of South Africa Wüest, Rafael O Boucher, Florian C Bouchenak-Khelladi, Yanis Karger, Dirk N Linder, H Peter Publication date: July 16, 2019 Publisher: Dryad https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.1cs77qn Citation Wüest, Rafael O et al. (2019), Data from: Dissecting biodiversity in a global hotspot: uneven dynamics of immigration and diversification within the Cape Floristic Region of South Africa, v2, Dataset, https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.1cs77qn Abstract Aim: Fragmented distributions should show immigration and diversification dynamics consistent with the predictions of island biogeography theory. We test whether this applies to the fragmented Cape fynbos vegetation. Location: Southern Africa, Cape Floristic Region (CFR) Taxon: Angiosperms, Restionaceae (restios) Methods: We used a large occurrence dataset and environmental layers to characterize an existing regionalization and the intervals between the regions ecologically and spatially. We extended the available phylogeny for restios and inferred their historical biogeography using models implemented in BioGeoBEARS. We then measured the relative contribution of immigration and in situ speciation to the species richness of each region within the CFR. We used standard statistical methods to test Dryad Page 1 of 6 Wüest, Rafael O et al. ... doi:10.5061/dryad.1cs77qn the predictions of the island biogeography theory. Results: The area and environmental heterogeneity of the seven regions of the CFR are positively correlated with in situ speciation rate. Furthermore, more isolated areas, and areas colonized more recently, have proportionally higher immigration rates, and more central and older areas proportionally higher in situ speciation rates. Main Conclusions: The variation in immigration and diversification dynamics among the regions within the CFR is extensive and consistent with the archipelago model of island biography theory. This dynamic may contribute significantly to the diversity of the Cape flora. Such a model could be generally useful for understanding the generation and maintenance of diversity in biodiversity hotspots, and may even scale up to explain continental biodiversity. Usage Notes Restionaceae georeferenced occurrence data for the Cape Floristic Region The tab-delimited data contain 12903 georeferenced occurrence records of the Restionaceae occurring in the South African Cape Flora. The columns give the species names (column "GenusSpecies"; with the binary scientific names separated by underscore), the date of collection (column "Date"), the coordinates in WGS84 geographic projection (EPSG:4326; columns "Longitude" and "Latitude"), the locality (column "Locality"). Further, we indicate whether the data represents a single occurrence ("specimen") or is part of a plot-releve ("plot"; indicated in column "RecordType"). In the latter case, we indicate the plot-id in the column "PlotID". In case of specimen-data, we indicate the collector (column "Collector") and collection number ("CollectorNumber"). Where available, we also indicate simple site- characteristics in terms of rockiness (column "Rockyness"; three levels "none", "pebblesboulders", "bedrock"), soil-type (column "SoilType"; three levels "organic", "fine", "coarse"), drainage (column "Drainage"; three levels "dry", "damp", "wet"), and aspect (column "Aspect"; with "level" for flat sites and all possible combinations of "n" for North, "e" for East, "s" for South, "w" for West). restio_georef_data.txt Geology of the Cape Floristic Region The zip-archive contains a shapefile in WGS84 geographic projection (EPSG:4326) that holds (in the column "geology") spatially explicit information on six major geological classes ("calcrete", "granite", "recent sand", "silcrete", "sandstones", "shale", and "others" including water-bodies). The column "UQ_GEOL" contains the original geological class according to the South African Council for Geoscience, and "geol_num" is a numerical representation of the classes coded in column "geology". cape_geology.zip Dryad Page 2 of 6 Wüest, Rafael O et al. ... doi:10.5061/dryad.1cs77qn Environment of the Cape Floristic Region The environmental data used in this study, provided as geo-tiffs. Details are given in Appendix S1 and Table S2 of the associated publication (DOI: 10.1111/jbi.13625). cape_environment.zip Phylogenetic trees of the Restionaceae of the Cape Floristic Region The zip-archive contains the MCC tree of the Restionaceae (in the file "mcc_tree.nex") and a random sample of 100 trees from the posterior of our phylogenetic analysis (in the file "tree_samples_100.nex"). restio_trees.zip References This dataset is supplement to https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.13625 Location 17.42 - 26.83E Cape flora 28.90 - 35.00S Cape Floristic Region 30.08 - 34.83S South Africa 16.90 - 28.10E Keywords Thamnochortus stokoei, Thamnochortus paniculatus, Paleocene, Restio bifarius, Restio sporadicus, Thamnochortus gracilis, Askidiosperma insigne, Anthochortus ecklonii, Soroveta ambigua, Thamnochortus obtusus aff, Restio paludicola, Restio decipiens, Restio obscurus, Restio blinkbergensis, Cannomois arenicola, Willdenowia teres, Elegia fistulosa, Restio eleocharis, Thamnochortus serpens, Askidiosperma longiflorum, Elegia coleura, Elegia extensa, Cannomois virgata, Ceratocaryum xerophilum, Holocene, Elegia cernua, Restio calcicola, Willdenowia glomerata, Thamnochortus lucens, Ceratocaryum decipiens, Elegia thyrsoidea, Restio gossypinus var, Rhodocoma fruticosa, Restio bifidus, Restio virgeus, Elegia spathacea, Restio nanus, Restio constipatus aff, Restio venustulus, Restio corneolus, Restio Dryad Page 3 of 6 Wüest, Rafael O et al. ... doi:10.5061/dryad.1cs77qn brachiatus aff, Elegia hutchinsonii, Nevillea singularis, Elegia ebracteata, Ceratocaryum argenteum, Restio durus, Thamnochortus pellucidus, Restio arcuatus, Restio rivulus, Restio dodii var purpureus, Restio verrucosus, Elegia decipiens var, Elegia stokoei, immigration – diversification dynamics, Restio miser, Hypodiscus montanus, Restio rudolfii, Askidiosperma rugosum, Elegia microcarpa var, Restio distichus, Restio zwartbergensis, Thamnochortus pluristachyus, Elegia prominens, Restio saroclados, Thamnochortus insignis, metapopulation, Restio secundus, Restio echinatus, Willdenowia affinis, Restio capensis, Restio pulvinatus, Ceratocaryum pulchrum, Restio triticeus aff, Restio pulcher, island biogeography theory, Hypodiscus albo-aristatus, Hypodiscus sp nov, Cannomois aristata, Restio singularis, Thamnochortus punctatus, Elegia aggregata, Ceratocaryum fimbriatum, Restio degenerans, Restio burchellii, Restio capillaris, Thamnochortus pulcher, Anthochortus insignis, Elegia marlothii, Restio sejunctus, Thamnochortus obtusus, Restio coactilis, Restio wittebergensis, Restio colliculospermus, Restio stokoei, Restio tenuispicatus, Staberoha multispicula, Willdenowia rugosa, Miocene, Askidiosperma delicatulum, Rhodocoma capensis, Elegia dregeana, Platycaulos subcompressus, Restio implicatus, Willdenowia pilleata, Willdenowia bolusii, Hypodiscus procurrens, Cannomois sp, Restio egregius, Elegia acockii, Thamnochortus karooica, Restio cedarbergensis, Restio inconspicuus, Restio versatilis, Mastersiella digitata, Restio sp, Staberoha cernua, Restio nuwebergensis, Elegia microcarpa, Restio triticeus, Restio rupicola, Restio distylus, Rhodocoma gracilis, Staberoha banksii, Elegia thyrsifera, Elegia intermedia, Restio paludosus, Restionaceae, Hypodiscus willdenowia, Restio laniger, Cannomois anfracta, Restio longiaristatus, Restio affinis, Restio barbatus, Restio perplexus, Staberoha remota, Eocene, Restio asperus, Restio taylori, Restio adpressus, Staberoha ornata, Cannomois spicata, Restio paniculatus, Nevillea vlokii, Restio leptoclados, Elegia fenestrata, Restio bifurcus, Restio constipatus, Elegia fastigiata, Restio gossypinus aff, Restio quinquefarius, Willdenowia humilis, Thamnochortus fraternus, Restio sabulosus, Elegia squamosa, Elegia sp, Elegia grandispicata, Thamnochortus nutans, Restio pillansii, Restio pygmaeus, Elegia neesii, Hypodiscus rugosus, Restio pumilus, Restio saxatilis, Restio alticola, Hypodiscus squamosus, Restio anomalus, Restio villosus, Restio dodii var purpurascens, Elegia decipiens, Dispersal, Restio albotuberculatus, Restio scaber, Platycaulos compressus, Elegia persistens, Restio festuciformis, Platycaulos callistachyus, Elegia muirii, Restio confusus, Cannomois grandis, Restio debilis, Elegia namaquense, Restio brachiatus, Restio marlothii, Restio dodii var dodii, Restio aridus, Willdenowia sulcata, Staberoha stokoei, Thamnochortus fruticosus, Hypodiscus laevigatus, Thamnochortus rigidus, Restio luxurians, Restio subverticellatus, Restio nudiflorus, Restio diffusus, Restio acockii, Restio wallichii, Thamnochortus levynsiae, Restio papillosus, Hypodiscus rigidus, Restio elsieae, Restio occultus, Thamnochortus arenarius, Elegia hookeriana, Restio femineus, Staberoha distachyos, Hypodiscus alternans, Restio gossypinus, Platycaulos major, Restio rigoratus, Restio Dryad Page 4 of 6 Wüest, Rafael O et al. ... doi:10.5061/dryad.1cs77qn unispicatus, Restio fragilis, Thamnochortus platypteris, Anthochortus capensis, Rhodocoma vleibergensis, Rhodocoma gigantea, Restio aureolus, Thamnochortus kammanassie, Askidiosperma andreaeanum, Elegia asperiflora, Staberoha vaginata, Restio rottboellioides, Platycaulos depauperatus, Ceratocaryum fistulosum,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 1 March 27 a Few Days Ago, While Finding Refuge Indoors
    1 March 27 A few days ago, while finding refuge indoors from the strong wind (mainly due to the dust factor), I was quite amazed how the dynamics of the landscape seem to change with wind. Although the wind was predominately from the west, the trees and other plants would sway in all directions. They would bend to the east, straighten up and then without hesitation sway to the south and then to the north! Confusing to try and determine the actual directional source but be that as it may there was another exciting element to it all. It was the graceful dance of continuity that had no formality or predetermined steps. I so enjoy seasonal changes as each one brings something different which is a requirement of our natural world. Changes in light and temperature wake some plants up while others take a break or just go to sleep. I often think wind is an overlooked characteristic of seasonal change and for many it is just another windy day resulting in irritation and inconvenience. We can’t live without it as it is responsible for rain, spreading fire, moving soils, seed, pollen, insects, bird migration and disease. It is the power behind land, sea and air travel and the smallest of gusts can take your hat off. Like so much of the natural world we cannot control it…thankfully. Movement brings life to the garden physically and through colour as leaves flutter and show the variation between top and underside. Unfortunately, this wonderful phenomenon, is rather lost in formal gardens due to the stiffness of man made lines and unnatural shapes.
    [Show full text]
  • Mapping the Distributions of Ancient Plant and Animal Lineages in Southern Africa
    Mapping the distributions of ancient plant and animal lineages in southern Africa Ashlyn Levadia Padayachee 209514118 Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science, In the school of Agriculture, Earth and Environmental Science University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban November 2014 Supervisor: Prof. Şerban Procheş 2014 Preface: Declaration of plagiarism I hereby declare that this dissertation, submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Environmental Science, to the University of KwaZulu-Natal, is a result of my own research and investigation, which has not been previously submitted, by myself, for a degree at this or any other institution. I hereby declare that this work is my own, unaided work; appropriately referenced where others’ work has been used. ________________________ _________________________ Ashlyn Levadia Padayachee Date ________________________ __________________________ Prof. Şerban Procheş Date ii Acknowledgements: The success of this study would not have been possible without the help, guidance and direction given to me by the members of staff of the School of Agriculture, Earth and Environmental Science (University of KwaZulu-Natal), family and friends. I would like to acknowledge the following people: God Almighty for blessing me with the courage and determination to complete this project Prof. Şerban Procheş, my supervisor and the man with the brilliant ideas. Very sincere and heartfelt thanks for the motivation, guidance and direction throughout this project, for which without it, it would not have been accomplished. Thank you Prof, the ‘pep-talks’ which were much needed, especially towards the end. Dr. Sandun Perera, who in the absence of my supervisor, stepped into the role of ‘interim supervisor’.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogeny and Subfamilial Classification of the Grasses (Poaceae) Author(S): Grass Phylogeny Working Group, Nigel P
    Phylogeny and Subfamilial Classification of the Grasses (Poaceae) Author(s): Grass Phylogeny Working Group, Nigel P. Barker, Lynn G. Clark, Jerrold I. Davis, Melvin R. Duvall, Gerald F. Guala, Catherine Hsiao, Elizabeth A. Kellogg, H. Peter Linder Source: Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, Vol. 88, No. 3 (Summer, 2001), pp. 373-457 Published by: Missouri Botanical Garden Press Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3298585 Accessed: 06/10/2008 11:05 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublisher?publisherCode=mobot. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. JSTOR is a not-for-profit organization founded in 1995 to build trusted digital archives for scholarship. We work with the scholarly community to preserve their work and the materials they rely upon, and to build a common research platform that promotes the discovery and use of these resources. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected].
    [Show full text]
  • Architectural Design Manual Constantia Nek Estate
    ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN MANUAL CONSTANTIA NEK ESTATE OWNERS ASSOCIATION Established in terms of Section 61 of the City of Cape Town Municipal Planning By-Law, 2015 Rev. 05 September 2020 CONTENTS ARCHITECTURAL RULES 1. Site Description 2. Vision 3. Objectives 4. Design Framework 4.1. Building Typologies 4.2. Building Envelope 4.3. Building Form 4.4. Floor Space 4.5. Roof Forms 4.5.1 Height 4.5.2 Width 4.5.3 Length 4.5.4 Roof Types 4.5.5 Roof Lights / Windows 4.5.6 Dormers 4.6. Solar Heating 4.7. Walls 4.8. Windows 4.9. Doors 4.10. Verandahs 4.11. Terraces 4.12. Balconies 4.13. Decks 4.14. Pergolas 4.15. Balustrading 4.16. Burglar Bars 4.17. Garaging 4.18. Waste Pipes 4.19. Retaining Structures 4.20. Perimeter Conditions 4.21. Gables 4.22. Eaves 4.23. Parapets 4.24. Gutters 4.25. Chimneys 4.26. Vehicular Access 4.27. Cabling 4.28. Outdoor Lighting 4.29. Laundry & Refuse Areas 4.30. Swimming Pools 4.31. Fire Precautions 4.32. Storm Water/External drainage 4.33. Numbering and Signage 4.34. Hard Surfaces 4.35. General 2 LANDSCAPING – PRIVATE ERVEN 1. Introduction 2. Garden Elements 3. Boundary Walls/Fences 4. Retaining walls/Steps/Ramps 5. Pergolas 6. Swimming Pools/Water Features 7. Gazebos/Summer Houses 8. Planting Elements 8.1 Screening 8.2 Planting Character 8.3 Plant List PRIVATE ERVEN DEVELOPMENT PLANNING, SUBMISSION & APPROVAL REQUIREMENTS 1. Architectural Review Committee (ARC) 2. Approval Process 3. Scrutiny Fees/ Deposit 4. Building Operations 5.
    [Show full text]
  • GENOME EVOLUTION in MONOCOTS a Dissertation
    GENOME EVOLUTION IN MONOCOTS A Dissertation Presented to The Faculty of the Graduate School At the University of Missouri In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy By Kate L. Hertweck Dr. J. Chris Pires, Dissertation Advisor JULY 2011 The undersigned, appointed by the dean of the Graduate School, have examined the dissertation entitled GENOME EVOLUTION IN MONOCOTS Presented by Kate L. Hertweck A candidate for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy And hereby certify that, in their opinion, it is worthy of acceptance. Dr. J. Chris Pires Dr. Lori Eggert Dr. Candace Galen Dr. Rose‐Marie Muzika ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am indebted to many people for their assistance during the course of my graduate education. I would not have derived such a keen understanding of the learning process without the tutelage of Dr. Sandi Abell. Members of the Pires lab provided prolific support in improving lab techniques, computational analysis, greenhouse maintenance, and writing support. Team Monocot, including Dr. Mike Kinney, Dr. Roxi Steele, and Erica Wheeler were particularly helpful, but other lab members working on Brassicaceae (Dr. Zhiyong Xiong, Dr. Maqsood Rehman, Pat Edger, Tatiana Arias, Dustin Mayfield) all provided vital support as well. I am also grateful for the support of a high school student, Cady Anderson, and an undergraduate, Tori Docktor, for their assistance in laboratory procedures. Many people, scientist and otherwise, helped with field collections: Dr. Travis Columbus, Hester Bell, Doug and Judy McGoon, Julie Ketner, Katy Klymus, and William Alexander. Many thanks to Barb Sonderman for taking care of my greenhouse collection of many odd plants brought back from the field.
    [Show full text]
  • Species Limits in the Rhodocoma Gigantea
    Species Emits in tlie Cl(liodocoma gigantea (1(untli) £ inder Compfex.. Paseka Mafa University of Cape Town Botany Honours Systematics Project Supervised by Prof. H. P. Linder University of Cape Town 1999 The copyright of this thesis vests in the author. No quotation from it or information derived from it is to be published without full acknowledgement of the source. The thesis is to be used for private study or non- commercial research purposes only. Published by the University of Cape Town (UCT) in terms of the non-exclusive license granted to UCT by the author. University of Cape Town Abstract Rhodocoma gigantea and Rhodocoma foliosus have been recognised by earlier authors as separate species on the basis of perianth length and shape. Linder (1985) .s perficially lumped these two species under Rhodocoma gigantea arguing that the difference between the two appear to be brought by ecological gradient. Numerical phenetic analyses of 19 quantitative floral morphological characters investigated from 33 herbarium specimens reveal that Rhodocoma gigantea complex consists of two groups. One group correspon(Jo Rhodocoma gigantea, having longer and wider spikelets, perianth segments and bracts, while the other correspond to Rhodocoma foliosus having shorter and thinner female spikelets, bracts and perianth segments than the former. Minimum spanning tree also reveal the two groups are geographically isolated. The former group occur in the western part of the south coast along the Langeberg in Swellendam and Riversdale districts and the latter is widely distributed on the Outeniekwaberg, Tsitsikama mountains to Zuurberg with outliers reaching as far as Uitenhage. 8ritz river appears to be the geographical barrier between these two species.
    [Show full text]
  • Vicariance, Climate Change, Anatomy and Phylogeny of Restionaceae
    Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society (2000), 134: 159–177. With 12 figures doi:10.1006/bojl.2000.0368, available online at http://www.idealibrary.com on Under the microscope: plant anatomy and systematics. Edited by P. J. Rudall and P. Gasson Vicariance, climate change, anatomy and phylogeny of Restionaceae H. P. LINDER FLS Bolus Herbarium, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa Cutler suggested almost 30 years ago that there was convergent evolution between African and Australian Restionaceae in the distinctive culm anatomical features of Restionaceae. This was based on his interpretation of the homologies of the anatomical features, and these are here tested against a ‘supertree’ phylogeny, based on three separate phylogenies. The first is based on morphology and includes all genera; the other two are based on molecular sequences from the chloroplast genome; one covers the African genera, and the other the Australian genera. This analysis corroborates Cutler’s interpretation of convergent evolution between African and Australian Restionaceae. However, it indicates that for the Australian genera, the evolutionary pathway of the culm anatomy is much more complex than originally thought. In the most likely scenario, the ancestral Restionaceae have protective cells derived from the chlorenchyma. These persist in African Restionaceae, but are soon lost in Australian Restionaceae. Pillar cells and sclerenchyma ribs evolve early in the diversification of Australian Restionaceae, but are secondarily lost numerous times. In some of the reduction cases, the result is a very simple culm anatomy, which Cutler had interpreted as a primitively simple culm type, while in other cases it appears as if the functions of the ribs and pillars may have been taken over by a new structure, protective cells developed from epidermal, rather than chlorenchyma, cells.
    [Show full text]
  • 'A Phylogeny for the African Restionaceae and New Perspectives on Morphology's Role in Generating
    Hardy, C R; Moline, P; Linder, H P (2008). A phylogeny for the African Restionaceae and new perspectives on morphology's role in generating complete species phylogenies for large clades. International Journal of Plant Sciences, 169(3):377-390. Postprint available at: http://www.zora.uzh.ch University of Zurich Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich. Zurich Open Repository and Archive http://www.zora.uzh.ch Originally published at: International Journal of Plant Sciences 2008, 169(3):377-390. Winterthurerstr. 190 CH-8057 Zurich http://www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2008 A phylogeny for the African Restionaceae and new perspectives on morphology's role in generating complete species phylogenies for large clades Hardy, C R; Moline, P ; Linder, H P Hardy, C R; Moline, P; Linder, H P (2008). A phylogeny for the African Restionaceae and new perspectives on morphology's role in generating complete species phylogenies for large clades. International Journal of Plant Sciences, 169(3):377-390. Postprint available at: http://www.zora.uzh.ch Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich. http://www.zora.uzh.ch Originally published at: International Journal of Plant Sciences 2008, 169(3):377-390. A phylogeny for the African Restionaceae and new perspectives on morphology's role in generating complete species phylogenies for large clades Abstract Difficulties with obtaining complete species-level phylogenies include (1) the accurate identification and sampling of species, (2) obtaining a complete species sampling, and (3) resolving relationships among closely related species.We addressed these in a study of 317 species and subspecies of the African Restionaceae.
    [Show full text]
  • Field Guide for Wild Flower Harvesting
    FIELD GUIDE FOR WILD FLOWER HARVESTING 1 Contents Introducing the Field Guide for Wild Flower Harvesting 3 Glossary 4 Introducing The Field Guide Fynbos 6 for Wild Flower Harvesting What is fynbos? 7 The Cape Floral Kingdom 7 Many people in the Overberg earn a living from the region’s wild flowers, known as South African plants 8 fynbos. Some pick flowers for markets to sell, some remove invasive alien plants, and Threats to fynbos 8 others are involved in conservation and nature tourism. It is important that people The value of fynbos 9 who work in the veld know about fynbos plants. This Field Guide for Wild Flower Harvesting describes 41 of the most popular types of fynbos plants that are picked from Fynbos and fire 9 our region for the wild flower market. It also provides useful information to support Classification of plants 9 sustainable harvesting in particular and fynbos conservation in general. Naming of plants 10 Picking flowers has an effect or impact on the veld. If we are not careful, we can Market for fynbos 10 damage, or even kill, plants. So, before picking flowers, it is important to ask: Picking fynbos with care 11 • What can be picked? The Sustainable Harvesting Programme 12 • How much can be picked? • How should flowers be picked? The SHP Code of Best Practice for Wild Harvesters 12 Ten principles of good harvesting 13 This guide aims to help people understand: The Vulnerability Index and the Red Data List 13 • the differences between the many types of fynbos plants that grow in the veld; and Know how much fynbos you have 14 • which fynbos plants can be picked, and which are scarce and should rather be Fynbos plants of the Agulhas Plain and beyond 14 left in the veld.
    [Show full text]
  • Literaturverzeichnis
    Literaturverzeichnis Abaimov, A.P., 2010: Geographical Distribution and Ackerly, D.D., 2009: Evolution, origin and age of Genetics of Siberian Larch Species. In Osawa, A., line ages in the Californian and Mediterranean flo- Zyryanova, O.A., Matsuura, Y., Kajimoto, T. & ras. Journal of Biogeography 36, 1221–1233. Wein, R.W. (eds.), Permafrost Ecosystems. Sibe- Acocks, J.P.H., 1988: Veld Types of South Africa. 3rd rian Larch Forests. Ecological Studies 209, 41–58. Edition. Botanical Research Institute, Pretoria, Abbadie, L., Gignoux, J., Le Roux, X. & Lepage, M. 146 pp. (eds.), 2006: Lamto. Structure, Functioning, and Adam, P., 1990: Saltmarsh Ecology. Cambridge Uni- Dynamics of a Savanna Ecosystem. Ecological Stu- versity Press. Cambridge, 461 pp. dies 179, 415 pp. Adam, P., 1994: Australian Rainforests. Oxford Bio- Abbott, R.J. & Brochmann, C., 2003: History and geography Series No. 6 (Oxford University Press), evolution of the arctic flora: in the footsteps of Eric 308 pp. Hultén. Molecular Ecology 12, 299–313. Adam, P., 1994: Saltmarsh and mangrove. In Groves, Abbott, R.J. & Comes, H.P., 2004: Evolution in the R.H. (ed.), Australian Vegetation. 2nd Edition. Arctic: a phylogeographic analysis of the circu- Cambridge University Press, Melbourne, pp. marctic plant Saxifraga oppositifolia (Purple Saxi- 395–435. frage). New Phytologist 161, 211–224. Adame, M.F., Neil, D., Wright, S.F. & Lovelock, C.E., Abbott, R.J., Chapman, H.M., Crawford, R.M.M. & 2010: Sedimentation within and among mangrove Forbes, D.G., 1995: Molecular diversity and deri- forests along a gradient of geomorphological set- vations of populations of Silene acaulis and Saxi- tings.
    [Show full text]
  • Impacts and Control of Alien Proteaceae Invasion in the Western Cape Province, South Africa
    Impacts and control of alien Proteaceae invasion in the Western Cape Province, South Africa by Laimi Nelago Koskima Erckie Dissertation submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree MAGISTER SCIENTIAE in BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION BIOLOGY in the FACULTY OF NATURAL SCIENCES at the University of the Western Cape Supervisor: Prof. JS Boatwright Co-supervisor: Dr. E. van Wyk Co-supervisor: Dr. S. Geerts November 2017 University of the Western Cape Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa Telephone: ++27-21- 959 2255/959 2762 Fax: ++27-21- 959 1268/2266 Email: [email protected] FACULTY OF NATURAL SCIENCE DECLARATION PLAGIARISM DECLARATION TO BE INCLUDED IN ALL ASSIGNMENTS, THESIS PROPOSALS ETC, BE IT FOR MARKS OR NOT: I……..Laimi Nelago Koskima Erckie………………………………………………………… Student number….......3418027……………………….declare that the attached thesis entitled ……Impacts and control of alien Proteaceae invasion in the Western Cape Province, South Africa………………………………………………………………………………….. is my own work and that all the sources I have quoted have been indicated and acknowledged by means of complete references. Signed this day……20…… of ……November…….. 2017……. at ..........Bellville………… _____________________________ Signature i http://etd.uwc.ac.za/ ABSTRACT Research focused on ecological impacts and control of invasive alien species (IAS) is gaining attention worldwide. The eradication and control of invasive alien plants (IAP) is essential for the restoration of native plant communities. Understanding ecological impacts and potential invasive risks of IAP is important for their effective management, particularly for prioritisation. Most studies concerning impacts on vegetation structure and plant-pollinator interactions have measured few ecological metrics, resulting in a superficial understanding of plant species invasion.
    [Show full text]
  • Rodents and Restios: Rodents and the Fates of Willdenowia Incurvata (Restionaceae) Seeds
    Rodents and Restios: Rodents and the fates of Willdenowia incurvata (Restionaceae) seeds by Benjamin Weighill Thesis presented in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Masters of Science in Zoology at Stellenbosch University Supervisor : Prof. Bruce Anderson Co- supervisor : Prof. Theresa Wossler Faculty of Science, Department of Botany and Zoology Stellenbosch Univeristy Private Bag X1 Matieland 7600 March 2017 1 Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za Declaration By submitting this thesis electronically, I declare that the entirety of the work contained therein is my own, original work, that I am the sole author thereof (save to the extent explicitly otherwise stated), that reproduction and publication thereof by Stellenbosch University will not infringe any third party rights and that I have not previously in its entirety or in part submitted it for obtaining any qualification. This study forms part of a larger study on rodent assisted seed dispersal in the fynbos which was initiated by Professor Bruce Anderson. The seed tagging method has been used previously by Bruce Anderson and his former student Ursina Rusch. The rest of the study was designed and executed by myself unless otherwise stated. The chapters in this thesis have been prepared for publication, therefore some duplication is unavoidable. Chapter 2: entitled “The nightshift: Seed dispersal and consumption differences by rodents before and after dark” has been submitted and accepted for publishing in the South African Journal of Botany and is included in this thesis with only minor edits. Benjamin Weighill March 2017 Copyright © 2017 Stellenbosch University All rights reserved 2 Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za Abstract The biodiversity hotspot of the fynbos offers a “natural laboratory” to study species diversification, particularly in flowering plants.
    [Show full text]