American Civil War in Virginia (1861-1865)

Student Name: ______Date: ______

For each of the following questions, fill-in-the-blanks: Questions/Statements Prelude to War:

1. In the North, industrialization led to

development of ______societies; and, in the South, ______societies developed based upon the production of “raw materials” used in Northern and European industrial societies.

2. The Compromise of 1850 was an intricate package of ______bills designed to defuse a confrontation between ______and free states over territorial expansion.

3. The ______Slave Act was one of the bills included in the Compromise of 1850.

4. By the Fugitive Slave Act, any freed blacks living in the North had to be

______(jailed, sent to Africa, returned to their masters.)

5. Abolitionist societies were active in the United States before ______(1700, 1800, 1900). And, by 1808 the importation of slaves into the United States was officially

______(banned, sanctioned, permitted).

6. In the 1830s, William Lloyd ______(founder of the American Anti-Slavery Society) demanded that slave-owners repent immediately and set up a system of immediate emancipation.

7. Metaphorically, the escape routes for slaves seeking freedom in the North were referred to as the ______

______and stops along the way were called “stations”. 8. ______is called the Father of the Underground Railroad because he helped many hundreds of slaves escape to freedom in the North.

9. ______wrote the famous abolitionist book “Uncle Tom’s Cabin”.

10. Uncle Tom’s Cabin was a very popular “______” play of the day.

11. The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 allowed residents of these new territories to decide the question of whether or not

to allow ______within their boundaries.

12. After 1854, Kansas became a ______keg that exploded into a bloody civil war between pro-slavery and anti-slavery residents.

13. The Chief Justice of the Supreme court at the time of the Dred Scott case was a southerner

named ______. His court’s decided that slaves were NOT citizens but the same as any other ______.

14. John Brown led a raid on the armory at ______in present-day WV.

15. John Brown was accused of ______against the state of Virginia.

16. The leader of United States troops that captured John Brown was ______of Virginia.

17. Lincoln (a Republican) was elected because the ______(the dominant political party in the United States) were divided over the issue of slavery.

18. The act of withdrawing from an organization, union, or political entity is called

______.

19. ______states declared their secession from the Union before Lincoln took office.

20. The constitution of the Confederate States of America (C.S.A.) ______(allowed/prohibited) importation of slaves from other countries (e.g., from Africa.) 21. ______was selected as the provisional President of the CSA in February of 1861 (before Lincoln took office in March of 1861).

22. The 1st or provisional capitol of the C.S.A. was located in ______, Alabama. It was later moved to ______, Virginia.

23. Abraham Lincoln took office as President of the United States on

______, 1861.

24. Lincoln’s Secretary of State was ______of NY.

25. In his Inaugural Address, Lincoln ended with an Appeal for ______(i.e., getting back together).

26. After the Confederate attack on Fort Sumter and Lincoln’s subsequent call for troops

______more states (including Virginia) declared their secession from the Union.

27. At their Secession Conference, Virginia at first voted ______(for, against) secession.

28. Lincoln told the delegation from Virginia that he (would or would not)

______invade the South or use force against ...the people anywhere; but, two days later after Fort Sumter was fired upon, Lincoln issued a call for 75,000 military volunteers to invade the South and put down the rebellion of the Confederate States.

29. After Lincoln announced his intent to invade the South, Virginia’s delegates to the Secession Conference voted ______(for, against) secession. And later, the people of Virginia voted ______(by close majority, overwhelmingly) for the Ordinance of Secession.

30 Secession Conference delegates from present-day WV voted ______(for, against) secession. Later, the people of present-day WV voted to repeal the Virginia Ordinance of Secession and become a separate State (i.e., the State of WV). 31. Abraham Lincoln issued a Proclamation calling for 75,000 militiamen in order to put down the rebellion by Southern states calling themselves the Confederate States of America (C.S.A.). This proclamation was a defacto ______which by the US Constitution is a power granted to the Congress by Article One.

32. In May 1861 ______, Governor of the Commonwealth of Virginia, issued a War Proclamation with his determination to “repel (the Union’s planned) invasion” of the Southern States.

33. Unionists believed that the formation of the C.S.A. by Southern States was an act of ______or insurrection not an Act of War by a foreign power. The American Civil War in Virginia:

34. The first major actions of the Union Army were in Virginia. They invaded Virginia at ______and engaged Confederate forces at 1st ______.

35. After Virginia seceded, the Confederate capitol was moved from Montgomery, AL to ______Virginia. And, Union forces wanted to take the capitol by rail through ______Junction in Northern Virginia which gave rise to the Battle of 1st ______.

36. When Union troops entered Alexandria, Virginia by boat at the wharf, Confederate troops retreated from the city; but, the manager of the ______House Tavern was flying a Confederate flag which led to his death by the hand of a Union soldier who shot him for killing his captain who had torn down the CSA flag.

37. Union troops first invaded Virginia across the ______Bridge which was over the Potomac river near the present-day RR bridge between Washington, DC and Arlington, Virginia.

38. In the 1860s, the RR route to Richmond from Washington (i.e., Alexandria) was the Alexandria & Orange RR that had a major “junction” connection with the Shenandoah Valley at Manassas. So, the Union wanted to take control of ______as a part of their effort to take control of Richmond (i.e., the Confederate capitol). 39. At the battle of 1st Manassas, Union troops were doing good until “Stonewall” Jackson got his men to stand fast between the Union troops and the RR station at Manassas Junction and overwhelming numbers of additional Confederate troops were brought to the battle from the Shenandoah ______by way of the Manassas Gap RR.

40. The Union retreat from Manassas was a rout called the Great “______” by Southerners.

41. Gen. Scott & McClellan’s grand Union strategy for suppressing the rebellion was to “______the disorganized confederate nation and bring it to terms”.

42. The Confederate strategy for “fighting” the Civil War was to “defend against the Northern ______and force the Union to recognize Southern independence thru military and/or diplomatic means.

43. ______was the farm commodity the South sought to use as a diplomatic weapon against the Northern and European industrial societies.

44. The Union used surrogate like Henry Ward Beecher to convince the ______not to support the South in its War for/against slavery which they had abolished as an institution.

45, The Confederate use of cotton to obtain foreign support for the South during the American Civil War was ______(successful/unsuccessful).

46. The Union blockade of Southern exports ______(helped/hurt) the Southern economy.

47. The Confederate ______sunk the USF Cumberland which was on blockade duty off the Atlantic coast.

48. The Union ______was its first ironclad ship.

49. After the “Great Skedaddle”, ______rebuilt the Union Army of the Potomac and brought it down to Fort Monroe to wage the Peninsular Campaign from Yorktown to Richmond.

50. The principal battles of the Peninsular Campaign were Yorktown, 7 Pines/Fair Oaks, and the ______battle.

51. During the Peninsular Campaign, Confederate troops were 1st led by Joseph Johnston and then by ______. 52. After the battle of Yorktown, Union troops built roads and RR bridges as they went up the Peninsula toward ______.

53. While McClellan was fighting his way up the Peninsula toward ______, Stonewall Jackson was fighting/defeating 3 distinct Union armies in Northern Virginia and in the ______Valley. Stonewall Jackson

54. Johnston was shot at 7 Pines/Fair Oaks and Robert E. Lee took over command of the Army of ______Virginia which then fought the 7 days Battles from Oak Grove to ______.

55. Although the Confederates lost most engagements during the Peninsular Campaign, they were able to force McClellan’s ______from Harrison’s Landing back to Washington, DC from where they had started their Campaign.

56. In August of 1862, Union forces once again attacked Confederates at ______Junction on the Orange and Alexandria RR.

57. The 2nd Battle of Manassas ended in another “Great ______” by Union troops who were driven back to Centreville, VA.

58. In July of 1862, Lincoln read the 1st Draft of his ______Proclamation to members of his Cabinet.

59. Abraham Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation (1862) only freed slaves in States that were in ______from the Union.

60. By July of 1865, nearly ______million slaves in the South were freed by the Emancipation Proclamation.

61. In reacting to Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation, Jefferson Davis threatened to turn captive Union officers over to Confederate states for trial as criminals engaged in exciting “servile ______” (i.e., rebellion of slaves in the South).

62. Having failed to capture Manassas as a route to Richmond, Union forces decided to go to Richmond by boat thru the landing at Aquia Creek which connected to Richmond on the Fredericksburg and Richmond RR. This meant taking ______and another major battle started there.

63. Union forces took great losses at Fredericksburg before withdrawing across the ______river to Falmouth where they stayed for the Winter. 64. In the Spring of 1863, Union troops under Hooker were still on the Rappahannock River and decided to attack the Confederates at ______.

65. In his General Orders No. 59, Robert E. Lee praised the “______conduct” of his troops at Chancellorsville under the command of Jackson, Early, and Stuart. [This was very unusual since Confederate troops were always considered “heroic” and praise was rarely given.]

66. In January of 1863,______was allowed to form a Battalion of Virginia Cavalry to conduct lightning strikes disruptingUnion communications and supply lines in Northern Virginia. His Rangers eluded capture and harassed the enemy until the end of the War

67. In 1863, West Virginia became a separate ______. Union sympathizers in Virginia’s Western counties were ______(for/against) secession; and, they first formed the Reorganized State of Virginia which then allowed its Western counties to petition the Union for recognition as a separate State (i.e., West Virginia).

68. People in the North who were against the War were called “______”. The chief of these (i.e., Vallandigham) was arrested and convicted of “uttering disloyal sentiments”.

69. As an opening engagement of the Campaign that went to Gettysburg, PA, Jeb Stuart fought a large cavalry battle with Union forces at ______near Culpeper, VA.

70. In June/July 1863, Confederate troops invaded the North and fought one of the biggest battles of the War at ______, PA.

71. On July 3rd, Longstreet’s Corp, which included ______Division of Virginians, unsuccessfully charged the center of the Union line with devastating losses.

72. On Nov. 19, 1863, Abraham Lincoln gave a famous, short speech at Gettysburg with started with the words: “Four score and seven years ago...” This number is ______years. Lincoln’s speech ended with the words: “government of the people, by the people, and ______the people, shall not perish from the earth.”

73. U. S. Grant was a graduate of ______military academy.

74. Grant’s strategy for wining the war included having ______invade Georgia and capture Atlanta which was a major RR terminal in the South. 75. In 1864, Grant put his cavalry commander in charge of all Union forces in the Shenandoah Valley and he carried out a “______earth” campaign there which was designed to ruin the farming economy in the Valley.

76. Grant’s campaign against Lee in central Virginia was called the “______Campaign.” The three largest battles of this campaign were at the Wilderness, Spotsylvania, and ______.

77. During Grant’s Overland Campaign, both armies lost about ______their strength.

78. The Overland Campaign ended with Grant’s Siege of Petersburg which was a 9-month battle in the ______(fields, forests, trenches) just South of Richmond, VA.

79. While Grant and Lee were fighting battles at Petersburg, Lincoln was running for re-election as the nominee of the ______Party.

80. Lincoln’s principal opponent in the election of 1864 was ______who he had appointed and fired twice as the head of his Union Army. Lincoln won the election.

81 While Confederate troops were “starving” in the trenches at Petersburg, Union troops were well supplied by ships from their depot at ______on the James River near Petersburg.

82. After Lee withdrew from the trenches at Petersburg, Confederate officials withdrew from Richmond and attempted to set up a temporary government at ______, VA.

83. Lincoln entered Richmond on April 4th, 1865 as Lee’s troops were moving westward toward ______, VA.

84. On April 9, 1865, Lee’s Army of Northern Virginia was surrounded and cut off from supplies at ______Courthouse, VA where he surrendered.

85. After the Confederates surrendered, Union troops shared their coffee and______with the rebels who were “entirely without food”.

86. The ______(Union or CSA) had more men who were killed in action or died of disease during the War. But, the Union had won the War.