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The Sixteen Soviet Republics RUSSIAN SFSR '^KVLWJHeP^. mantel ‘‘TinjerJ^iniUpso. ^jOltTARbOjI Him'1, ^PtARb. BIRUVM. nP0Ji[Tm**ar\J BYELORUSSIAN SSR SOVIET REPUBLICS i i > .z /y\> -- AZERBAIJAN SSR Contents Page Article 1 3, Constitution of the USSR-1 The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics-2 The Russian SFSR_3 The Ukrainian SSR_5 The Byelorussian SSR_7 The Azerbaijan SSR_ 8 The Georgian SSR_10 The Armenian SSR_12 The Turkmen SSR_14 The National Anthem of the Soviet Union_16 The Uzbek SSR_1 8 The Tajik SSR_20 The Kazakh SSR_ 22 The Kirghiz SSR_24 The Karelo-Finnish SSR_ 26 The Moldavian SSR_28 The Lithuanian SSR_30 The Latvian SSR_31 The Estonian SSR_32 Published by the Information Bulletin Embassy of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Washington 8, D. C. December, 1945 MIKHAIL I. KALININ Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR Article 13 of the Constitution (Fundamental Law) of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics: The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics is a federal state, formed on the basis of the voluntary association of Soviet Socialist Republics having equal rights, namely: The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist The Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic Republic The Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic The Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic The Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic The Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic The Karelo-Finnish Soviet Socialist The Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic Republic The Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic The Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic The Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic The Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic The Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic The Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic The Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic The Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic. USSR THE Union of Soviet Socialist Re¬ russian SSR, respectively; and in the Stalingrad tractor plant and the Dneiper publics (USSR) occupies one-sixth spring of 1940, the Karelian Autono¬ hydroelectric power station, were erected of the earth’s surface. More than 8,500,000 mous Soviet Socialist Republic and the according to the last word in science square miles in area, it is the largest con¬ bulk of the territory that was transferred and technique. Entirely new industries tinuous state territory in the world, and to the USSR in conformity with the which had not existed in the country be¬ had a population of 193,000,000 in 1940. peace treaty signed with Finland on fore, were developed, including the air¬ Moscow is its capital. March 12, 1940, combined to form the craft, automobile, tractor and chemical The USSR stretches west to east from Karelo-Finnish SSR. industries. The industrialization of the the Carpathian Mountains and the Baltic In the summer of the same year a country was the result of the fulfillment Sea to the Pacific Ocean, and north to large part of Bessarabia, the bulk of the of the Stalin Five-Year Plans of national south from the Arctic Ocean to the population of which is Moldavian, was economic development. Parmirs and the plains of Mongolia. rejoined to the Moldavian Autonomous The USSR is also a collective farm The northern part of the USSR is cov¬ Soviet Socialist Republic (which had power. From an agrarian country in which small peasant farming predomi¬ ered by the icy wastes of the Arctic; formerly constituted part of the Ukrainian the southern part, by plantations of cot¬ SSR) to form the Moldavian SSR. nated, the Soviet Union has grown into ton and tea, and citrus fruit orchards. a country where agriculture is conducted In August, 1940, three new Soviet Re¬ on a larger scale and with a higher de¬ The USSR is rich in all the useful publics entered the USSR. They are the gree of mechanization than in any other minerals, all the strategic raw materials Baltic Republics of Estonia, Latvia, and country in the world. In 1937 there were that our globe contains. It occupies first Lithuania. place in the world for its deposits of iron 242,400 collective farms conducted on the Thus, the USSR consists of 16 volun¬ ore (with quartzites), oil, manganese, most up-to-date lines and equipped with tarily federated and equal Soviet Socialist apatite, phosphorites, magnesium salts, the best modern machinery. Republics. niobium and peat, its water power and Thanks to the socialization of the its timber reserves; and second place in The USSR is a state of a new type; means of production, there is no exploi¬ coal, lead, zinc and nickel. it is a Socialist State of workers and tation of man by man in the USSR. Ac¬ The USSR was founded on the initia¬ peasants. Political power in the Soviet cording to the census of 1939, industrial tive and under the guidance of Lenin Union is vested in the Soviets (or Coun¬ workers constitute 32.2 per cent of the and Stalin at the First All-Union Con¬ cils) of Working People’s Deputies. working population, collective farmers gress of Soviets which opened on Decem¬ The economic foundation of the So¬ 44.6 per cent, and office employees, etc., ber 30, 1922. viet Union is the socialist system of 17.5 per cent. At that time it was composed of the economy and socialist ownership of the Soviet society consists of two friendly Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Re¬ means and instruments of production. classes—the working class and the peas¬ public (RSFSR), the Ukrainian and Bye¬ Small private production by individual antry. These are social classes which lorussian Soviet Socialist Republics, and peasants and artisans is permitted, pro¬ know no exploitation. The intellectuals the Transcaucasian Soviet Federative vided the owners work themselves and do of the USSR, who directly derive from Socialist Republic, comprising the Geor¬ not exploit the labor of others. the workers and peasants, jointly with gian, Azerbaijan and Armenian Soviet In recent years, socialist economy ac¬ them wield the power in the country. Socialist Republics. counted for 99-9 per cent of the gross in¬ The USSR is a multinational state. It In 1924 the newly formed Turkmen dustrial output of the Soviet Union. is inhabited by more than 180 different and Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republics, and The USSR is an industrial power. nations, nationalities and tribes, of which in 1929 the Tajik SSR became constitu¬ From an agrarian country with a weakly 60 constitute large and fully formed na¬ ent parts of the USSR. In 1936, the developed backward industry, it has tions. As a result of the industrialization Kazakh and Kirghiz Autonomous Repub¬ grown into a land of modern industry. of the USSR and of the national policy lics, formerly constituent parts of the By the end of 1937 the industrial out¬ pursued by Lenin and Stalin, the numer¬ RSFSR, became Union Republics. At put of the USSR had increased more ous nationalities of the USSR have made the same time, as a result of the dis¬ than eightfold as compared with 1913. extraordinarily rapid economic and cul¬ solution of the Transcaucasian Fed¬ Between 1937 and 1940, it increased ap¬ tural progress. eration, and by their express wishes, proximately 40 per cent. During the war The Constitution of the USSR, which Georgia, Azerbaijan and Armenia also it increased, though the working force was adopted at the Extraordinary Eighth acquired the status of Union Republics. in heavy industry was smaller. Industrial Congress of Soviets of the USSR on De¬ In 1939, the peoples of the Western giants such as Magnitogorsk, Kuznetsk cember 5, 1936, gave legislative seal and Ukraine and Western Byelorussia re¬ (in the city of Stalinsk) and the sanction to these fundamental changes in joined the Ukrainian SSR and the Byelo¬ Chelyabinsk iron and steel mills, the the country. 2 Russian SFSR The Russian Soviet Federative one of these nationalities every oppor¬ Socialist Republic (the RSFSR Area—6,444/700 sq. miles tunity for economic and cultural de¬ or Russia) occupies mainly the northern Population—109,000,000 velopment. Formerly a land of poverty and central part of the USSR. It is Capital—Moscow; population, and ignorance, it is now a flourishing bordered by the Arctic Ocean, the Black 4,137,000 and prosperous Republic. Sea, the plains of Mongolia, the borders Under the tsarist regime there were of the Soviet Baltic Republics and the cent of its steel, two-thirds of its electric 70 higher educational establishments in Pacific Ocean. power, and the bulk of the output of Russia. In 1939 there were 448 estab¬ Its natural resources are incalculable. machinery, timber, textiles, grain and tech¬ lishments of this kind in the RSFSR. It It contains colossal deposits of minerals nical crops, and food products. has more than 50,000 public libraries, 550 of the most diverse kinds. Its coal is esti¬ Moscow, the capital of the USSR, and museums, 450 theatres, 400 scientific re¬ mated at 1,500 billion tons, approximat¬ of the RSFSR, is the seat of the Govern¬ search institutes and thousands of other ing 18 per cent of the world’s deposits. ment, and of the Supreme Soviets of the scientific institutions. It possesses half the world’s iron de¬ USSR and the RSFSR. Moscow is the hub of Soviet science, posits with quarzites, millions of tons of The RSFSR was formed as a result and the seat of the Academy of Sciences of precious and rare non-ferrous metals, and of the victory of the Great Socialist Revo¬ the USSR. By 1938, about 6,000 news¬ vast deposits of chemical raw materials lution of November 7, 1917. In 1922, in papers were published in the RSFSR in and non-metallic minerals such as salts, conjunction with other Soviet Republics, the languages of the different nationalities. apatite, nepheline, graphite, mica and it formed the Union of Soviet Socialist Universal compulsory elementary edu¬ marble.
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