DOCSLIB.ORG

Doctors' Experiences of Work Related Moral Problems

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Doctors' Experiences of Work Related Moral Problems From the Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics (LIME), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden Doctors’ Experiences of Work Related Moral Problems: Responsibility without Clear Boundaries Reet Arnman Stockholm 2004 Author’s e-mail address: [email protected] Cover picture: Sigrid Naver. Cover design: Calle Thörn Published and printed by Karolinska University Press Box 200, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden © Reet Arnman 2004 ISBN 91-7349-870-X 2 Abstract For as far back as the history of the medical profession can be traced, it has been assumed that doctors learn professional moral knowledge together with medical knowledge. From the sixties, internal professional morality has publicly changed to external morality, described with vocabulary and concepts, connected to philosophical branches. Although now incorporated in medical ethics teaching, it is not known how well they cover the problems of the clinical world. The main purpose of this thesis is to study doctors’ experiences of moral problems in their everyday working life. The most prominent schools of modern medical ethics with their assumptions regarding e.g. human nature and fact/value relations are also studied and their impact (by focusing on some issues and omitting others) on our public, shared ‘reality’ is described. According to a social constructionist approach (based on ideas from Alfred Schütz, Peter Berger and Thomas Luckmann) individuals perceive, interpret and act within a social life-world where things and events in every-day life have a self-evident meaning. Within a person’s life-world, moral life is a form of societal participation where experience is connected to moral concepts as loyalty, deception and (un-) fairness. To find a concept relevant one must have a standard (e.g. regarding social roles and other aspects of human life). Fourteen experienced doctors provide accounts of everyday work related moral problems. The interview analysis is carried out with a phenomenological method. A moral problem occurs in a situation when, according to the professional standard related to being a doctor, values – discussed in the thesis – are violated to such an extent that the doctors obtain an insight of an existing moral problem. What counts as relevant in each situation (what makes the context), depends on how the doctors experience features within social and institutional settings in relation to the assignment they have internalised as being theirs. For the interviewed doctors, morality is allied with the question: How shall I live my life as a responsible professional? The medical assignment with its inevitable risk of hurting fellow human beings, makes for the doctors, medicine and morality inseparably intertwined. Reflecting on the boundaries of the profession’s standard, is, for the doctors, different than working in concrete, practical situations where they often find themselves forced to take responsibility for political issues. Many of the doctors’ problems involve social and economic aspects and cannot be discussed merely from the framework of philosophically founded medical ethics’ theories. The doctors’ experienced problems are related to their comprehension of what kind of society, what kind of human relations, and what kind of health care we desire. In discussing these issues – negotiating about the contents of our value concepts – non- professionals’ experience as well as healthcare workers’ praxis-bound experience are necessary elements. Key words: Morality, doctors’ work related moral problems, responsibility, social constructionism, social life world, fact/values, standard, context 3 CONTENTS PREFACE 8 THE AIMS AND THE MAIN STRUCTURE OF THE BOOK 11 Aims 11 The main structure 11 CHAPTER ONE 14 THE BIRTH OF THE MEDICAL ETHICISTS 14 1.1 Outline of the chapter 14 1.2 Introduction 14 1.3 A glance back in time: philosophy and the printed word working together 15 1.4 How ethics became public and seemed to be simple 16 1.5 Should we all commit ourselves to an ethical theory? 17 1.6 Why ‘applied ethics’ of that kind at that time? Different explanations 18 1.7 What followed the first applied ethics period? 19 1.8 Ethics in the health care sector, different discourses 20 1.8.1 The one-theory period 20 1.8.1.1 A way to write about abortion/the rights of the unborn: 21 1.8.1.2 A way to try to discuss euthanasia (or doctors seem to be responsible for every death) 22 1.8.2 Around ‘Four Principles’ 22 1.8.3 The ethics of traditions 23 1.8.3.1 Ideas from Aristotle and from Continental philosophers into medical praxis 24 1.8.4 The situation-based ethics (The ethics in the personal meeting) 25 1.8.5 Ethics bound to gender (and perhaps, profession) 25 1.9 Clinical ethics (Three stories) 26 1.10 A reminder about the society outside health care 27 1.11 Two ways of writing about moral matters 27 4 1.12 My personal interpretation 29 1.12.1 About philosophies and philosophers or Four (of many) reasons to be humble 30 1.12.1.1 Time for thinking does not necessarily lead every philosopher to the same conclusion 30 1.12.1.2 Philosophers historically formed preunderstanding of morality 31 1.12.1.3 Readers historically formed preunderstanding of philosophers’ texts 31 1.12.1.4 Everything may not be understandable 32 1.12.2 Turning this writing back to medical ethics 32 1.12.2.1 Looking to the past in order to see the present more clearly 32 1.12.2.2 Philosophers teaching doctors, how do patients’ and other individuals’ values count (= a hint of chapter two)? 34 1.12.3 Coming next 35 1.13 Summary 36 CHAPTER TWO 37 FACTS AND VALUES 37 2.1 Outline of the chapter 37 2.2 Introduction 37 2.3 Different philosophical views regarding how facts relate to values 39 2.3.1 A value-loaded world 41 2.3.2 About ethical theories 42 2.3.2.1 Universal acclaim 42 2.3.2.2 Non-universal acclaim (?) 46 2.3.3 About medical ethical principles 49 2.3.3.1 The Four School-Ethical Principles 50 2.3.4 How do we decide what is moral? 52 2.3.5 The Open-Texture of Moral Concepts 52 2.3.5.1 What counts as creating a moral problem (a social constructionist approach) 54 2.3.5.2 The social construction of patients’ and doctors’ premedical moral world 57 2.4 Laypeople 57 2.4.1 From ordinary life (before becoming a Patient) 58 2.4.1.1 Today the public moral debate is too narrow for laymen 61 2.5 Law influences both patients and doctors (and is sometimes seen as far away from morality) 62 2.5.1 Family with veto rights, but hardly any others 63 2.5.2 Law and moral 64 2.6 Other Cultures and religion (Neither the law, nor principles take problems away) 64 2.7 Getting outside the fight regarding the right to define the world 65 2.7.1 In real life, things count far back and social context counts 66 2.8 Summary 67 5 CHAPTER THREE 68 METHODOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS AND STUDY DESIGN 68 3.1. Outline of the chapter 68 3.2. Introduction 68 3.2.1 Life-world 69 3.3 About different research approaches 71 3.3.1 More in detail about the phenomenological approach/method 75 3.3.1.1 Giorgi’s variant of the phenomenological method 75 3.4 Obtaining empirical material in the study 78 3.5 Reflections on the study and my position 80 3.6 Summary 83 CHAPTER FOUR 84 MORAL PROBLEMS AS PERCEIVED BY EXPERIENCED DOCTORS 84 4.1 Outline of the chapter 84 4.2 Introduction 84 4.3 The structure of the phenomenon moral problems for doctors 85 4.3.1 Values governing the perception of moral problems 88 4.3.1.1 Working with the inevitable risk of hurting instead of helping 91 4.3.1.2 Moral problems emerging from being a responsible professional 92 4.3.1.3 Moral problems concerning co-creatorship of a unwanted future 93 4.3.1.4 Violating democratic values 93 4.3.1.5 Treating fellow human beings poorly 95 4.3.2 The doctors’ Standard 95 4.3.2.1 Influence from contemporary society 96 4.3.2.2 Personal value ground 96 4.3.2.3 Internal, internalised standards (from the doctors’ life-world) 97 4.3.2.4 The doctors’ lack of help from rules 99 4.3.3 Circumstances, which appear to be morally significant: Context 101 4.3.3.1 Problems around the medical assignment 102 4.3.3.2 The family, fellow human beings in crisis and parts of problems 105 4.3.3.3 Following the law does not banish moral problems 106 4.3.3.4 Problems around professional co-operation 107 4.3.3.5 Comments on context 107 4.4 How do the doctors deal with their problems? 108 4.5 Summary 109 6 CHAPTER FIVE 110 CONTEXTUALISED PROBLEMS, TRANSFORMED TO MORAL PROBLEMS BY INTERNALISED VALUES AND DOCTORS’ STANDARDS 110 5.1 Outline of the chapter 110 5.2. A value-loaded assignment 110 5.2.1 The purpose of the study is to high light a few doctors’ experience 112 5.3 Clinical morality in the light of medical ethics 113 5.3.1 Loss of knowledge 114 5.3.1.1 Not discovering social problems 114 5.3.1.2 Not counting on clinical uncertainty 115 5.3.1.3 Lack of focus on everyday medical problems 115 5.3.2 Production of knowledge 115 5.3.2.1 The Patient as a whole person with the right to autonomy 116 5.3.2.2 Back to the sixties 118 5.3.2.3 The Natural Scientific physician 119 5.4 Other research, coming from outside, discovering the praxis-bound moral world 121 5.5 How to move forwards practically 122 5.5.1 The role and the boundaries for school medicine and doctors’ assignments 122 5.5.2 A broader discussion with more participants 124 5.5.3 The possibility of bringing up more issues in democratic discussions 126 5.5.4 Back to the sixties once more, and the fifties and the forties… 127 5.6 Conclusion 127 GLOSSARY 129 LIST OF PERSONS 132 FIGURES 134 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 137 REFERENCES 138 7 PREFACE Towards the end of the sixties I had my first summer job as a doctor in a Swedish rural district.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Vocabulary of PHILOSOPHY Vocabulary of PHILOSOPHY Version 1.1 (Last Updated : Apr
    - Institute for scientific and technical information - Vocabulary of PHILOSOPHY Vocabulary of PHILOSOPHY Version 1.1 (Last updated : Apr. 05, 2018) This resource contains 4435 entries grouped into 89 collections. Controlled vocabulary used for indexing bibliographical records for the "Philosophy" FRANCIS database (1972-2015, http://pascal-francis.inist.fr/ ). This vocabulary is browsable online at: https://www.loterre.fr Legend • Syn: Synonym. • →: Corresponding Preferred Term. • FR: French Preferred Term. • DE: German Preferred Term. • SC: Semantic Category. • DO: Domain. • URI: Concept's URI (link to the online view). This resource is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license: LIST OF ENTRIES List of entries English French Page • 10th century Xe siècle 176 • 11th - 13th centuries XIe - XIIIe siècles 176 • 11th century XIe siècle 176 • 12th -13th centuries XIIe - XIIIe siècles 176 • 12th century XIIe siècle 176 • 13th - 14th centuries XIIIe - XIVe siècles 176 • 13th - 15th centuries XIIIe - XVe siècles 176 • 13th century XIIIe siècle 176 • 14th - 15th centuries XIVe - XVe siècles 176 • 14th - 16th centuries XIVe - XVIe siècles 176 • 14th - 17th centuries XIVe - XVIIe siècles 176 • 14th century XIVe siècle 176 • 15th - 17th centuries XVe - XVIIe siècles 176 • 15th century XVe siècle 176 • 1656-1658 1656-1658 176 • 16th - 17th centuries XVIe - XVIIe siècles 176 • 16th - 18th centuries XVIe - XVIIIe siècles 176 • 16th - 20th centuries XVIe - XXe siècles 176 • 16th century XVIe siècle 176 • 1735-1985 1735-1985
    [Show full text]
  • European Journal for Philosophy of Religion
    EUROPEAN JOURNAL FOR PHILOSOPHY OF RELIGION VOLUME 4 NUMBER 4 WINTER 2012 ARTICLES David S. ODERBERG Survivalism, Corruptionism, and Mereology 1 Dale JACQUETTE Anselm’s Metaphysics of Nonbeing 27 Erik J. WIELENBERG An Inconsistency in Craig’s Defence of the Moral Argument 49 Andrei A. BUCKAREFF Omniscience, the Incarnation, and Knowledge de se 59 T. Ryan BYERLY Infallible Divine Foreknowledge Cannot Uniquely Threaten Human Freedom, But Its Mechanics Might 73 T. J. MAWSON On Determining How Important It Is Whether or Not There Is a God 95 Jerome GELLMAN A Theistic, Universe-Based, Theodicy of Human Suffering and Immoral Behaviour 107 Anders KRAAL Hedenius’ Soteriological Argument from Evil 123 Peter JONKERS Redefining Religious Truth as a Challenge for Philosophy of Religion 139 Louis CARUANA Science, Religion and Common Sense 161 DISCUSSIONS AND REPLIES John BISHOP In Quest of Authentic Divinity: Critical Notice of Mark Johnston’s ‘Saving God: Religion after Idolatry’ 175 BOOK REVIEWS AND NOTICES Timothy O’Connor. Theism and Ultimate Explanation: The Necessary Shape of Contingency Reviewed by Sho Yamaguchi 193 Georg Gasser (ed.). Personal Identity and Resurrection: How Do We Survive Our Death? Reviewed by Joshua Farris 196 Timothy Yoder. Hume on God: Irony, Deism and Genuine Theism Reviewed by Dan O’Brien 201 Earl Stanley B. Fronda. Wittgenstein’s (Misunderstood) Religious Thought Reviewed by Klaus von Stosch 206 Neil Spurway (ed.). Theology, Evolution and the Mind Reviewed by Aku Visala 208 SURVIVALISM, CORRUPTIONISM, AND MEREOLOGY DAVID S. ODERBERG University of Reading Abstract. Corruptionism is the view that following physical death, the human being ceases to exist (until Resurrection) but their soul persists in the afterlife.
    [Show full text]
  • 'Solved by Sacrifice' : Austin Farrer, Fideism, and The
    ‘SOLVED BY SACRIFICE’ : AUSTIN FARRER, FIDEISM, AND THE EVIDENCE OF FAITH Robert Carroll MacSwain A Thesis Submitted for the Degree of PhD at the University of St. Andrews 2010 Full metadata for this item is available in the St Andrews Digital Research Repository at: https://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/ Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/10023/920 This item is protected by original copyright ‘SOLVED BY SACRIFICE’: Austin Farrer, Fideism, and the Evidence of Faith Robert Carroll MacSwain A thesis submitted to the School of Divinity of the University of St Andrews in candidacy for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy The saints confute the logicians, but they do not confute them by logic but by sanctity. They do not prove the real connection between the religious symbols and the everyday realities by logical demonstration, but by life. Solvitur ambulando, said someone about Zeno’s paradox, which proves the impossibility of physical motion. It is solved by walking. Solvitur immolando, says the saint, about the paradox of the logicians. It is solved by sacrifice. —Austin Farrer v ABSTRACT 1. A perennial (if controversial) concern in both theology and philosophy of religion is whether religious belief is ‘reasonable’. Austin Farrer (1904-1968) is widely thought to affirm a positive answer to this concern. Chapter One surveys three interpretations of Farrer on ‘the believer’s reasons’ and thus sets the stage for our investigation into the development of his religious epistemology. 2. The disputed question of whether Farrer became ‘a sort of fideist’ is complicated by the many definitions of fideism.
    [Show full text]
  • Syllabus Cambridge International AS & a Level Biblical Studies 9484
    Syllabus Cambridge International AS & A Level Biblical Studies 9484 Use this syllabus for exams in 2023. Exams are available in the June and November series. Version 2 Why choose Cambridge International? Cambridge International prepares school students for life, helping them develop an informed curiosity and a lasting passion for learning. We are part of the University of Cambridge. Our Cambridge Pathway gives students a clear path for educational success from age 5 to 19. Schools can shape the curriculum around how they want students to learn – with a wide range of subjects and flexible ways to offer them. It helps students discover new abilities and a wider world, and gives them the skills they need for life, so they can achieve at school, university and work. Our programmes and qualifications set the global standard for international education. They are created by subject experts, rooted in academic rigour and reflect the latest educational research. They provide a strong platform for students to progress from one stage to the next, and are well supported by teaching and learning resources. We review all our syllabuses regularly, so they reflect the latest research evidence and professional teaching practice – and take account of the different national contexts in which they are taught. We consult with teachers to help us design each syllabus around the needs of their learners. Consulting with leading universities has helped us make sure our syllabuses encourage students to master the key concepts in the subject and develop the skills necessary for success in higher education. Our mission is to provide educational benefit through provision of international programmes and qualifications for school education and to be the world leader in this field.
    [Show full text]
  • Islamic Theology, Philosophy and Law
    Islamic Theology, Philosophy and Law Unangemeldet Heruntergeladen am | 06.08.15 23:56 Studien zur Geschichte und Kultur des islamischen Orients Beihefte zur Zeitschrift „Der Islam“ Herausgegeben von Lawrence I. Conrad und Benjamin Jokisch Neue Folge Band 27 De Gruyter Unangemeldet Heruntergeladen am | 06.08.15 23:56 Islamic Theology, Philosophy and Law Debating Ibn Taymiyya and Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya Edited by Birgit Krawietz and Georges Tamer in collaboration with Alina Kokoschka De Gruyter Unangemeldet Heruntergeladen am | 06.08.15 23:56 ISBN 978-3-11-028534-5 e-ISBN 978-3-11-028540-6 ISSN 1862-1295 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A CIP catalogue record for this book has been applied for at the Library of Congress. Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.dnb.de abrufbar. © 2013 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston Druck: Hubert & Co. GmbH und Co. KG, Göttingen ∞ Gedruckt auf säurefreiem Papier Printed in Germany www.degruyter.com Unangemeldet Heruntergeladen am | 06.08.15 23:56 Table of Contents Acknowledgements ........................................... vii Alina Kokoschka and Birgit Krawietz Appropriation of Ibn Taymiyya and Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya: Challenging Expectations of Ingenuity ........................... 1 Section 1: Human Agency M. Sait Özervarli Divine Wisdom, Human Agency and the fiṭra in Ibn Taymiyya’s Thought .................................... 37 Livnat Holtzman Debating the Doctrine of jabr (Compulsion): Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya Reads Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī .............. 61 Gino Schallenbergh Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya’s Manipulation of Sufi Terms: Fear and Hope ............................................... 94 Section 2: Career of Books Y.
    [Show full text]
  • Hermine Wittgenstein--Fania Pascal--F.R
    Recollections of Wittgenstein: Hermine Wittgenstein--Fania Pascal--F.R. Leavis--John King--M. O'C. Drury 0192876287, 9780192876287 | Rush Rhees | 1984 | 236 pages | Fondo de Cultura Economica, 1984 | Recollections of Wittgenstein: Hermine Wittgenstein--Fania Pascal--F.R. Leavis--John King--M. O'C. Drury | Essays offer a glimpse of the Vienna-born philosopher's personality, character, and life's work file download pek.pdf In Dialogue with the Greeks: The presocratics and reality | Philosophy | This first of two volumes on the Greeks by Rush Rhees addresses the central philosophical question: In what sense does philosophy investigate reality? In answering this | 2004 | ISBN:0754639886 | Rush Rhees, Dewi Zephaniah Phillips | 117 pages Recollections of Wittgenstein: Hermine Wittgenstein--Fania Pascal--F.R. Leavis--John King--M. O'C. Drury pdf Recollections of Wittgenstein: Hermine Wittgenstein--Fania Pascal--F.R. Leavis--John King--M. O'C. Drury download 1967 | Ludwig Wittgenstein, Gertrude Elizabeth Margaret Anscombe, Rush Rhees, Georg Henrik Wright | Mathematics | Remarks on the foundations of mathematics | UOM:39015038902907 | 400 pages Leavis--John ISBN:9781596057418 | A Study | Religion | Without robbing boyhood days of their naturalness and reality, we may be sure that long before Jesus knew how and why he differed from his fellows he felt more or less clearly | Dec 1, 2005 | The Life of Jesus of Nazareth | Rush Rhees | 340 pages Recollections 303 pages | Philosophy | Rush Rhees, D. Z. Phillips | ISBN:0521622611 | Wittgenstein and the Possibility of Discourse | Four years after the publication of Wittgenstein's Investigations, Rush Rhees began writing critical reflections on the masterpiece he had helped to edit. In this edited | Mar 28, 1998 Pascal--F.R.
    [Show full text]
  • Morals, Meaning and Truth in Wittgenstein and Brandom
    Morals, meaning and truth in Wittgenstein and Brandom JORDI FAIRHURST §1. Introduction HIS ARTICLE AIMS TO STUDY the similarities and dissimilarities between T Wittgenstein’s later work (1953; 1967; 1979; 1929–1930/1980a; 1945– 1947/1980b) and Brandom’s work (1994; 1997; 2001; 2013) when accounting for the meaning of moral sentences, and the role of “truth” and “falsity” in moral discourse1. While both authors explicitly deal with issues concerning the philosophy of language and truth, they do not explicitly deal with the consequences of their commitments concerning these subjects within ethics and morals. Consequently, throughout this paper, I will analyse these consequences and their similarities and dissimilarities. Section 2 focuses on Wittgenstein’s and Brandom’s account of meaning and how it applies to moral sentences. Specifically, I will focus on their pragmatic solution in order to account for the meaning of our moral vocabulary and discursive practices. Section 3 turns to the issue concerning the role of “truth” and “falsity” in moral discourse. I will study the differences between Brandom’s and Wittgenstein’s accounts of “truth” and “falsity” in moral discourse and show how these differences bear on the Frege–Geach problem. §2. Pragmatics, meaning and moral sentences Wittgenstein and Brandom coincide in defending a pragmatic approach to the meaning of our sentences and words. This positive account of language and meaning stems from their critique of the traditional view that prevailed in the philosophy of 1 Hereafter the terms morals and ethics shall be used indistinctly unless the contrary is specified. Additionally, I will use the abbreviation PI to reference Wittgenstein’s Philosophical Investigations.
    [Show full text]
  • Pico Della Mirandola Descola Gardner Eco Vernant Vidal-Naquet Clément
    George Hermonymus Melchior Wolmar Janus Lascaris Guillaume Budé Peter Brook Jean Toomer Mullah Nassr Eddin Osho (Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh) Jerome of Prague John Wesley E. J. Gold Colin Wilson Henry Sinclair, 2nd Baron Pent... Olgivanna Lloyd Wright P. L. Travers Maurice Nicoll Katherine Mansfield Robert Fripp John G. Bennett James Moore Girolamo Savonarola Thomas de Hartmann Wolfgang Capito Alfred Richard Orage Damião de Góis Frank Lloyd Wright Oscar Ichazo Olga de Hartmann Alexander Hegius Keith Jarrett Jane Heap Galen mathematics Philip Melanchthon Protestant Scholasticism Jeanne de Salzmann Baptist Union in the Czech Rep... Jacob Milich Nicolaus Taurellus Babylonian astronomy Jan Standonck Philip Mairet Moravian Church Moshé Feldenkrais book Negative theologyChristian mysticism John Huss religion Basil of Caesarea Robert Grosseteste Richard Fitzralph Origen Nick Bostrom Tomáš Štítný ze Štítného Scholastics Thomas Bradwardine Thomas More Unity of the Brethren William Tyndale Moses Booker T. Washington Prakash Ambedkar P. D. Ouspensky Tukaram Niebuhr John Colet Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī Panjabrao Deshmukh Proclian Jan Hus George Gurdjieff Social Reform Movement in Maha... Gilpin Constitution of the United Sta... Klein Keohane Berengar of Tours Liber de causis Gregory of Nyssa Benfield Nye A H Salunkhe Peter Damian Sleigh Chiranjeevi Al-Farabi Origen of Alexandria Hildegard of Bingen Sir Thomas More Zimmerman Kabir Hesychasm Lehrer Robert G. Ingersoll Mearsheimer Ram Mohan Roy Bringsjord Jervis Maharaja Sayajirao Gaekwad III Alain de Lille Pierre Victurnien Vergniaud Honorius of Autun Fränkel Synesius of Cyrene Symonds Theon of Alexandria Religious Society of Friends Boyle Walt Maximus the Confessor Ducasse Rāja yoga Amaury of Bene Syrianus Mahatma Phule Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Qur'an Cappadocian Fathers Feldman Moncure D.
    [Show full text]
  • T.C. Istanbul Medeniyet Üniversitesi Lisansüstü Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Felsefe Anabilim Dali
    T.C. İSTANBUL MEDENİYET ÜNİVERSİTESİ LİSANSÜSTÜ SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ FELSEFE ANABİLİM DALI D. Z. PHILLIPS’İN WITTGENSTEINCI DİN DİLİ ANALİZİ Yüksek Lisans Tezi RESUL YÜKSEL HAZİRAN 2020 T.C. İSTANBUL MEDENİYET ÜNİVERSİTESİ LİSANSÜSTÜ SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ FELSEFE ANABİLİM DALI D. Z. PHILLIPS’İN WITTGENSTEINCI DİN DİLİ ANALİZİ Yüksek Lisans Tezi RESUL YÜKSEL DANIŞMAN DR. ÖĞR. ÜYESİ FERHAT YÖNEY HAZİRAN 2020 İMZA SAYFASI Resul Yüksel tarafından hazırlanan “D. Z. Phillips’in Wittgensteincı Din Dili Analizi’ başlık1ı bu yüksek lisans tezi, Felsefe Anabilim Dalında hazırlanmış ve jürimiz tarafından kabul edilmiştir. JÜRİ ÜYELERİ İMZA Tez Danışmanı Dr. Öğr. Üyesi, Ferhat Yöney Kurumu: İstanbul Medeniyet Üniversitesi Üyeler Doç. Dr., Yaylagül Ceran Karataş Kurumu: İstanbul Medeniyet Üniversitesi Prof. Dr.. Nebi Mehdiyev Kurumu: Trakya Üniversitesi Tez Savunma Tarihi: 08/07/2020 i BİLDİRİM Hazırladığım tezin tamamen kendi çalışmam olduğunu, akademik ve etik kuralları gözeterek çalıştığımı ve her alıntıya kaynak gösterdiğimi taahhüt ederim. İmza Resul Yüksel Danışmanlığını yaptığım işbu tezin tamamen öğrencinin çalışması olduğunu, akademik ve etik kuralları gözeterek çalıştığını taahhüt ederim. Dr. Öğretim Üyesi Ferhat Yöney ii ÖNSÖZ Bu tezin amacı, dinin Wittgensteincı analitik bir izahını, güncel tartışmalar eşliğinde eleştirel bir bakış açısıyla sunabilmektir. Hâlihazırda bu konuyla ilgili doğrudan yekpare bir çalışmanın olmaması, tezin zorlu bir hazırlama sürecinin yaşanmasına sebebiyet vermesinin yanı sıra özgün bir çalışma olmasına da olanak sağlamıştır. Benim konuyla ilgili Türkiye'deki çalışmalarda gördüğüm şey; D. Z. Phillips’inWittgensteincı din dili felsefesiyle ilgili paylaşılan birkaç satır bilginin, bir araştırmaya ya da bilgiye dayanmasından ziyade önyargıya dayanmasıdır. Bu yaklaşımlar da genellikle söz konusu olan, bu görüşün itidalli perspektifini din karşıtı bir pozisyona indirgeme eğiliminin bulunmasıdır.
    [Show full text]
  • KLAUS VON STOSCH Universität Paderborn
    206 BOOK REVIEWS AND NOTICES options for the reader to consider’ (ibid.). Interpreting Hume’s views on religion is no easy task, but Yoder’s interpretation is rather forced and it is hard not to see the author projecting his own views onto Hume. KLAUS VON STOSCH Universität Paderborn Earl Stanley B. Fronda. Wittgenstein’s (Misunderstood) Religious Thought. Brill, 2010. Earl Stanley B. Fronda does not want to give a new interpretation of Wittgenstein’s philosophy of religion. His book is more or less the defence of the orthodox Wittgensteinian philosophy of religion against its widespread criticism. Although the interpretation of Wittgenstein’s philosophy of religion given by Dewi Zephaniah Phillips and other followers of Wittgenstein is very well known among Wittgenstein scholars, there are still rather unconvincing prejudices concerning this subject in the academic community. There are still many philosophers who claim that Wittgenstein was a fideist, a non-realist, or a crypto atheist. Fronda wants to show that none of these claims is true. He argues that it is necessary to adopt the perspective of apophatic theology if you do not want to misunderstand Wittgenstein. This idea is very well known since the 60ies and 70ies of the last century, although in the last decade no scholar defended this idea as intensely as Fronda does. As Fronda did not deal more deeply with Wittgenstein’s and Wittgensteinian philosophy of religion before 2005 and as Fronda seems to have been confronted with many strong prejudices against Wittgenstein, he thinks that it is necessary to write a book which shows that many scholars still misunderstand Wittgenstein as a fideist.
    [Show full text]
  • The Conditions of the Possibility of Philosophical Interfaith Dialogue
    The conditions of the possibility of philosophical interfaith dialogue: A theoretical and empirical exploration Christian Kästner Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Leeds School of Philosophy, Religion and the History of Science November 2012 2 The candidate confirms that the work submitted is his own and that appropriate credit has been given where reference has been made to the work of others. This copy has been supplied on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement © 2012 The University of Leeds and Christian Kästner The right of Christian Kästner to be identified as Author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. 3 Acknowledgments The Higher Education Academy’s Subject Centre for Philosophical and Religious Studies has generously funded my research. I am extremely grateful to the committee to whom I presented my research plan and who decided to award me the scholarship. The opportunity to engage in the research and writing of this thesis has opened up new horizons for me on many levels. I am also grateful to the Subject Centre for intellectual support and academic advice and especially to Dr Simon Smith, the Subject Centre's director during its existence and co- supervisor for the biggest part of my work on the thesis. I am grateful for his enthusiasm, guidance and valuable advice. I would also like to thank Dr Seán McLoughlin at the University of Leeds, who has acted as my primary supervisor for the entire span of my studies.
    [Show full text]
  • Rationality and Knowledge in Religious Discourse: a Critique of Philosophical Relativism
    Rationality and Knowledge in Religious Discourse: A Critique of Philosophical Relativism Akaruese, Lucky Oritsetojumi M.A Philosophy Department of Philosophy Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Nigeria 1985. Abstract: The central focus of this thesis is to make a case for the unity of all discourses irrespective of the said peculiar nature of each discourse. Religious discourse which involves concepts of supernatural or transcendental agencies, has presented special problems in the history of philosophical enquiry and it has often seemed to be a unique area of unquestioned or unfounded beliefs, dogma, superstitions, arbitrary assumptions, etc. An apparent failure to make religion stand up to certain norms of rationality has led to the neo-Wittgensteinian philosophy of religion, as epitomized in the central concepts of the works of Dewi Zephaniah Phillips in which an attempt is made to claim special kind of criteria of meaningfulness for religion. This thesis subjects the neo-Wittgensteinian conception of religious discourse to criticisms This idea that religious discourse has its own internal criteria of meaning which alone provides a basis for any meaningful discussion of religion is rejected. In particular, the idea that religious discourse is self-sufficient, that is, requires no reference to non-religious discourses to sustain its meaning is criticized; and the idea that religious discourse is immune to meaningful criticism from non-religious arguments is also criticized. The discussion is concluded with a consideration of the relevance of the distinction between 'reality' and interpretation of reality and the important question of the meaning of asserting the existence of God. Keywords: Religious discourse/ supernatural agencies/ transcendental agencies/ Neo- Wittgensteinian conception Supervisor: Geoffery Hunt 88p .
    [Show full text]