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Alle Origini Dei Diritti Degli Animali. Il Dibattito Sull'etica Animale Nella

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Alle Origini Dei Diritti Degli Animali. Il Dibattito Sull'etica Animale Nella Irene Interdisciplinary Researches on Ethics and the Natural Environment A. Massaro - Alle origini dei diritti degli animali. Il dibattito sull’etica animale nella cultura inglese del XVIII secolo Milano, LED, 2018 - ISBN 978-88-7916-860-1 - http://www.ledonline.it/index.php/Relations/pages/view/irene-series Relations - Beyond Anthropocentrism Book series IRENE - Interdisciplinary Researches on Ethics and Natural Environment http://www.ledonline.it/Relations Executive Editor Matteo Andreozzi Editorial Board Ralph R. Acampora (Hofstra University) Carol J. Adams (Southern Methodist University) Matthew R. Calarco (California State University) Gabriele Cambiotti (Università degli Studi di Milano) Piergiorgio Donatelli (Università degli Studi di Roma «La Sapienza») Arianna Ferrari (Karlsruhe Institute of Technology) William Grove-Fanning (University of North Texas) Serenella Iovino (Università degli Studi di Torino) Joel MacClellan (Washington State University) Roberto Marchesini (Direttore del Centro Studi Filosofia Postumanista) Dario Martinelli (Kaunas University of Technology) Barbara Muraca (Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena) Serpil Oppermann (Hacettepe University) Piergiacomo Pagano (ENEA) Paola Sobbrio (Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore di Piacenza) Sabrina Tonutti (Università degli Studi di Udine) A. Massaro - Alle origini dei diritti degli animali. Il dibattito sull’etica animale nella cultura inglese del XVIII secolo Milano, LED, 2018 - ISBN 978-88-7916-860-1 - http://www.ledonline.it/index.php/Relations/pages/view/irene-series Alma Massaro ALLE ORIGINI DEI DIRITTI DEGLI ANIMALI IL DIBATTITO SULL’ETICA ANIMALE NELLA CULTURA INGLESE DEL XVIII SECOLO A. Massaro - Alle origini dei diritti degli animali. Il dibattito sull’etica animale nella cultura inglese del XVIII secolo Milano, LED, 2018 - ISBN 978-88-7916-860-1 - http://www.ledonline.it/index.php/Relations/pages/view/irene-series ISSN 2283-6845 ISBN 978-88-7916-860-1 Copyright © 2018 Via Cervignano 4 - 20137 Milano www.lededizioni.com - www.ledonline.it - E-mail: [email protected] I diritti di riproduzione, memorizzazione e archiviazione elettronica, pubblicazione con qualsiasi mezzo analogico o digitale (comprese le copie fotostatiche, i supporti digitali e l’inserimento in banche dati) e i diritti di traduzione e di adattamento totale o parziale sono riservati per tutti i paesi. Le fotocopie per uso personale del lettore possono essere effettuate nei limiti del 15% di ciascun volume/fascicolo di periodico dietro pagamento alla SIAE del compenso previsto dall’art. 68, commi 4 e 5, della legge 22 aprile 1941 n. 633. Le riproduzioni effettuate per finalità di carattere professionale, economico o commerciale o comunque per uso diverso da quello personale possono essere effettuate a seguito di specifica autorizzazione rilasciata da: AIDRO, Corso di Porta Romana n. 108 - 20122 Milano E-mail [email protected] <mailto:[email protected]> sito web www.aidro.org <http://www.aidro.org/> Il volume è stato pubblicato con i Fondi di ricerca Ateneo di Genova 2016 e 2017 Responsabile: prof. Letterio Mauro In copertina: Claude Jammet, Franciscan conversation 2014, olio su carta su tela, cm 137,5 × 196 Videoimpaginazione: Paola Mignanego Stampa: Andersen Spa A. Massaro - Alle origini dei diritti degli animali. Il dibattito sull’etica animale nella cultura inglese del XVIII secolo Milano, LED, 2018 - ISBN 978-88-7916-860-1 - http://www.ledonline.it/index.php/Relations/pages/view/irene-series INDICE Prefazione di Letterio Mauro 11 Introduzione 15 Parte prima L’(ETICA) ANIMALE NELLA MODERNA SOCIETÀ INGLESE 1. L’Europa moderna e la querelle intorno all’anima delle bestie 19 2. Inghilterra: da inferno dei cavalli a patria dei diritti degli animali 20 3. Le scoperte scientifiche 25 4. Gli sviluppi sociali 28 5. Letteratura e poesia 30 6. Il ruolo della tutela 31 7. La filosofia tra Sei-Settecento 33 Parte seconda L’ETICA ANIMALE NEL PENSIERO CRISTIANO 1. John Hildrop 49 1.1. L’Amusement philosophique (p. 50) – 1.2. Il Free Thoughts: prima lettera (p. 51) – 1.3. Il Free Thoughts: seconda lettera (p. 54) 2. Il Clemency to Brutes 58 3. Richard Dean 62 3.1. Il Saggio sul male naturale (p. 63) 4. James Granger 65 4.1. L’Apology (p. 66) 5. Humphry Primatt 72 5.1. La Dissertation (p. 73) – 5.2. Una giustizia universale (p. 76) – 5.3. I diritti animali (p. 77) – 5.4. Le argomentazioni teologiche: diritti animali e doveri umani (p. 79) 5 A. Massaro - Alle origini dei diritti degli animali. Il dibattito sull’etica animale nella cultura inglese del XVIII secolo Milano, LED, 2018 - ISBN 978-88-7916-860-1 - http://www.ledonline.it/index.php/Relations/pages/view/irene-series Indice 6. John Toogood 82 6.1. The Book of Nature: un cantico in prosa (p. 84) – 6.2. Gli animali (p. 86) – 6.3. Dio in tutte le cose (p. 87) – 6.4. L’uomo sacerdote della natura (p. 88) 7. Conclusioni 89 Appendice TRADUZIONI 1. J. Hildrop, Free Thoughts upon the Brute Creation […] (1742) 95 Lettera II, pp. 1-17 (p. 95) 2. Anonimo, Clemency to Brutes […] (1761) 103 pp. 1-9 (p. 103) 3. R. Dean, An Essay on the Future Life of Brutes […] (1767) 106 Vol. I, Introduzione, pp. 3-11 (p. 106) – Vol. I, pp. 19-25 (p. 108) – Vol. I, pp. 105-111 (p. 109) – Vol. II, Prefazione, pp. i-xxi (p. 110) 4. J. Granger, An Apology for the Brute Creation […] (17743) 112 pp. 8-25 (p. 112) 5. H. Primatt, A Dissertation on the Duty of Mercy […] (1776) 117 pp. 8-21 (p. 117) – pp. 33-44 (p. 121) 6. J. Toogood, The Book of Nature […] (18023) 122 pp. 18-34 (p. 122) Riferimenti bibliografici 127 6 A. Massaro - Alle origini dei diritti degli animali. Il dibattito sull’etica animale nella cultura inglese del XVIII secolo Milano, LED, 2018 - ISBN 978-88-7916-860-1 - http://www.ledonline.it/index.php/Relations/pages/view/irene-series A mamma e papà A. Massaro - Alle origini dei diritti degli animali. Il dibattito sull’etica animale nella cultura inglese del XVIII secolo Milano, LED, 2018 - ISBN 978-88-7916-860-1 - http://www.ledonline.it/index.php/Relations/pages/view/irene-series A. Massaro - Alle origini dei diritti degli animali. Il dibattito sull’etica animale nella cultura inglese del XVIII secolo Milano, LED, 2018 - ISBN 978-88-7916-860-1 - http://www.ledonline.it/index.php/Relations/pages/view/irene-series Giunta alla fine di questo lavoro – se una fine esiste – rivolgo i miei più sinceri ringraziamenti al prof. Letterio Mauro per avermi pazientemente guidato nel corso della mia indagine. Voglio, inoltre, esprimere la mia gratitudine nei confronti del prof. Paolo De Benedetti, del dott. Gianfranco Nicora, del prof. Paolo Trianni e di Padre Guidalberto Bormolini: la loro sincera amicizia e le loro eccellenti ricerche so- no state fonte di ispirazione per intraprendere i miei studi. Ringrazio, inoltre, il prof. Marco Brusotti per le utili indicazioni suggerite nel corso della discussione della mia tesi di dottorato che si sono, poi, rivelate essere di fondamentale importanza nell’approfondimento della presente ricerca. Un ringraziamento particolare va, inoltre, alla prof.ssa Simona Langella, al prof. Marco Damonte e al prof. Matteo Zoppi. Il clima di sincera collaborazio- ne che hanno stabilito all’interno del Dipartimento ha reso il tempo lì trascorso non solo fruttuoso ma anche particolarmente piacevole. Non ci sono parole per esprimere la mia riconoscenza nei confronti di Claude Jammet, che ha generosamente messo a disposizione una sua opera co- me copertina del presente volume. Un grazie speciale alla mia famiglia. Ai miei genitori che con il loro esem- pio hanno ispirato la mia condotta e hanno diretto i miei interessi di ricerca. A mia sorella Elisabetta e a mio marito Giovanni per il loro incondizionato sostegno. Ai miei cari amici Loira e Roberto, perché dal dialogo con loro ho imparato molte cose. Certa che le persone da ringraziare sarebbero tante altre, dedico il mio ultimo ringraziamento al nostro Creatore e alle sue meravigliose creature. A. Massaro - Alle origini dei diritti degli animali. Il dibattito sull’etica animale nella cultura inglese del XVIII secolo Milano, LED, 2018 - ISBN 978-88-7916-860-1 - http://www.ledonline.it/index.php/Relations/pages/view/irene-series A. Massaro - Alle origini dei diritti degli animali. Il dibattito sull’etica animale nella cultura inglese del XVIII secolo Milano, LED, 2018 - ISBN 978-88-7916-860-1 - http://www.ledonline.it/index.php/Relations/pages/view/irene-series PREFAZIONE Letterio Mauro La seconda metà del Novecento è stata caratterizzata da una fioritura del dibattito relativo all’etica animale. Nel mondo occidentale, numerosi stu- diosi si sono confrontati con i temi riguardanti il rapporto esistente tra gli esseri umani e le altre creature, dando vita a un recupero, più o meno si- stematico, di quegli autori che, dall’antichità fino ai giorni nostri, si sono occupati di tematiche affini. La storia della filosofia si è, così, arricchita di un nuovo e affascinante filone di ricerca che, ad oggi, non si può consi- derare affatto esaurito; al contrario, molto rimane da fare. Proprio ponendosi nel solco di questa linea di ricerca, il presente vo- lume prende in considerazione i lavori pubblicati in Inghilterra tra il 1742 e il 1792 da alcuni ecclesiastici cristiani, lasciando parlare i loro testi, oggi pressoché sconosciuti. Si tratta sia di saggi di teologia filosofica rivolti a un ristretto pubblico di intellettuali, sia di brevi pamphlet redatti sulla ba- se di omelie predicate in favore della compassione verso gli animali e, per- tanto, alla portata di un numero maggiore di lettori. Al primo insieme ap- partengono le opere di John Hildrop, Richard Dean, Humphry Primatt; al secondo, invece, l’anonimo Clemency to Brutes, l’Apology for the Brute Creation di James Granger e il The Book of Nature di John Toogood. Un unico filo lega assieme i lavori di Hildrop, Dean e Primatt, ovvero il dibattito relativo all’anima degli animali, anche se affrontato a partire da prospettive differenti.
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