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1. INTRODUCTION Categorized As a Main Administrative Centre Improvements in Transportation in the Northern Province

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1. INTRODUCTION Categorized As a Main Administrative Centre Improvements in Transportation in the Northern Province 1. INTRODUCTION categorized as a main Administrative Centre Improvements in transportation in the Northern Province. And also National services increase mobility and facilitate Physical Planning Department identified economic growth. These, in turn, contribute Jaffna as a Mega City in National Plan for towards social development. Higher 2030. In addition to that seven regional mobility is not only a result of development, transportation routes connect town centre but also enhances development. So with other surrounding satellite town Transportation helps shape an area's centers. economic health and quality of life. Not only does the transportation system provide for The town takes a special place being the mobility of people and goods, it also accommodating Jaffna Fort, Public library, influences patterns of growth and economic stadium, bus stand, railway, market and activity by providing access to land. The highly restaurants which is declared as the performance of the system affects public Urban Development Area, proposed policy concerns like air quality, environ- highway with road connections to the main mental resource consumption, social equity, town. land use, urban growth, economic development, safety, and security. The town plays a major role in the Transportation planning recognizes the educational aspects. Technical College and critical links between transportation and leading schools and international schools are other societal goals. The planning process is located within the town. University of Jaffna more than merely listing highway and transit at Thirunelvely, Open University and Higher capital projects. It requires developing studies centre are perform as special function strategies for operating, managing, at national level as well as regional level maintaining, and financing the area's which adjoining the town limits. transportation system in such a way as to Accordingly, there would be average of advance the area's long-term goals. 65,000 commuters come to the town to get the services. Jaffna Teaching Hospital Jaffna was known as a distinct cultural provides its health service not only to people centre of Northern part of Sri Lanka. It is of the region but also to the people living situated about 189 mile (or 305 km) north of outside the areas of Kilinochchi, Mullaitivu, Colombo, the country's capital city. The Vavuniya and Mannar. In addition, Sidha popular schools and Jaffna University are medicine hospital at Kaithady, private located in town. Jaffna town is a Metro hospitals provides health services to the Urban Centre as per urban hierarchy in the people in the district. Accordingly existing Northern Region. According to the National regional linkages as well as access road will Planning Policy of the Department of perform as an active urban centre. National Physical Planning the town 905 Figure :02, Road Network of Jaffna District Kankesanturai harbor, north of Jaffna, connectivity roads as well as improper road navigable by ships of relatively shallow network system to get all services. draught which had performed broad Therefore, there is a need to revitalize this functions in transporting of commercial, infrastructure within town by provide fisheries and industrial products (economical appropriate facilities and create inter- crops) a few decades ago (before the civil connectivity between different transportation unrest). It was not active during the civil war systems. Proposals for transportation system period. At present also the harbor does not in this town must be established considering proper utilized and has less impact on the the unique socio cultural, political, economy of the town. However, economic and environmental aspects of the Kankesanturai Port is being restored and region. So, this paper objective is to identify deepened with the help of Indian the transportation issues and to prepare an government. Therefore only one A-9 road is integrated transportation plan with strategies more active for the all services. Other modes for Jaffna town. Observation and field visit of the transportation are not more efficient were used to collect the primary data. and less impact. The physical infrastructure Secondary data were collected from various facilities are not located with more efficient sources. The Comparative survey method manner in Jaffna. There are less Inter and Descriptive Statistical analysis have 906 been used to analyze data. Based on this 3. STUDY AREA analysis, an integrated transportation plan Jaffna was known as a distinct cultural with strategies has been recommended. This centre of Northern part of Sri Lanka. It is will lead to strengthen the linkages, facilitate situated about 189 mile (or 305 km) north of connectivity amongst different modes of Colombo. Jaffna Municipal Council area transport and help to develop the socio and surrounding urban places are mainly economic aspects also. considered as the study area. But Whole Jaffna District covered for the integration 2. OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY purpose. The following map (2) shows the There are two main objective of this study area's existing road network system. study. First one is to identify the issues related transportation in Jaffna Town. 3. METHODOLOGY OF THE Second one is to prepare an integrated STUDY transportation plan for Jaffna town by road Observation and field visit were used to maintenance, improvements of roads, collect the primary data. Secondary data were rehabilitation of deteriorated roads and collected from various sources such as report of establishment of new linking roads. In order UDA, Statistical hand book, reports of National to achieve the objectives, the critical needs Physical Planning Department, RDA and RDD. identified such as road maintenance, Population of the area, types of roads, existing improvements, and rehabilitation of conditions of roads, other modes of deteriorated roads and establishment of new Transportation, transportation facilities and linking roads. existing transportation related projects are the collected secondary data. Figure :1.2, Road Network of Jaffna District 907 Comparative survey of the data has needs total revival in that period. Major been done and Descriptive statistical Towns doesn't have proper bus stands and analysis also has been used to analysis the bus shelters, Road safety is totally neglected. data. Whole process has been done in a In certain areas' public transport system is logical and scientific manner. An integrated minimal. Now normally it is functioning. plan and strategies have been recommended. An application of the models for the Colombo to Jaffna transport services transportation was carried out by comparing are mainly provided by road and train a limited number of options. These include a system. Busses leave Wellawatte, Colombo set of study options associated with a and central bus stand in Pettah (Fort) in the proposed light rail system, rail options, night and it will take 10 - 12 hours of pedestrian network option, a highway travelling through the towns, villages, farms construction option, short listed efficient and forests to reach Jaffna which is 396 Km routes and a series of options emphasizing from the Colombo city. Therefore there are public and private incentives directed toward plans to build a highway like this to connect reduced travel time and cost. Colombo with Jaffna in the near future and reduce the travel time also. 5. ANALYSIS AND RESULT OF STUDY 5.1 Identification of the Railway services are other main mode Transportation Problems of the transportation nowadays. Railway Road transportation is the predominant station in the city of Jaffna which is owned mode of transport for the Jaffna Town people by Sri Lanka Railways, the state-owned and goods for 92 % of all passenger and railway operator, the station was once one of freight movement. Nearly 800 passengers the busiest in the country, linking the north commute daily via on the Jaffna-Colombo with the capital Colombo and Kandy. The A-9 road. SLTB and private buses play and popular Yarl Devi service which was dominant on this route. These bus service, operated on the Northern Line. In the late supervised by the Transport Ministry, is 1980s the station suffered heavy damage due successfully operated with security forces to the civil war. All railway services on the assistance. Costs of these buses are easily Northern Line north of Vavuniya had been affordable. However one should be ready of stopped by 1990. The station was jostling with the crowds. abandoned, suffering further damage in the following years. The civil war ended in 2009 Due to the conflict situation, only mode and the government has started various of transport available to Jaffna is by sea or air projects to rebuild the line and stations. Now and that too only limited service. The total it is functioning very actively. transportation system is disrupted and it 908 Figure :5.1, Road Network Classification of the Roads within the JMC area Trains are the cheapest and perhaps the Jaffna Railway Station, there are 4,000 best way to see the physical view. But Trains 4,500 tickets are issued daily to travel to are not available for all major towns within Colombo and adjoining towns. Accordingly, the Jaffna area, and number of first-class or that there are around 65,000 commuters air-conditioning carriages is few. An inter- come to the town daily for various purposes city express service connects with Jaffna. by public transport service and private There are different types of train services transport service. depending on how far you want to go. There are urban commuter and intercity rail services that transport passengers from one urban area to another. These long distance train services travel at high average speeds and make few stops. This Railway sector provides important transport service to the town. Railway service to Colombo and Kandy is functioning now. There are 05 passenger trains runs through Vavuniya from Jaffna and one train runs to Kandy from Jaffna. According to information available at 909 Air port service also another mode of high price compared with other mode of the transportation here.
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