Environmental Assessment Report
Initial Environmental Examination Project Number: 38357 May 2007
Sri Lanka: National Highway Sector Project
Prepared by [Author(s)] [Firm] [City, Country] Prepared by Road Development Authority for the Asian Development Bank (ADB). Prepared for [Executing Agency] [Implementing Agency] The initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. The views expressed herein are those of the consultant and do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s
members, Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature.
National Highway Sector Project RSC 54199 IMPROVEMENT / UPGRADING
of
Habarana to Trincomalee A006 National Highway
INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION (IEE)
FINAL REPORT
Submitted to
Asian Development Bank (ADB)
March 2007
by
Road Development Authority Government of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka
Initial Environmental Examination Report- Rehabilitation of Habarana Trincomalee Road (A006) TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 INTRODUCTION...... 7
1.1 PURPOSE OF THE OF THE IEE REPORT...... 7 1.2 PROJECT BACKGROUND...... 7 1.2.1 PROJECT & PROJECT PROPONENT ...... 7 1.2.2 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT ...... 8 1.2.3 APPLICABLE LOCAL LAWS, REGULATIONS, STANDARDS AND REQUIREMENTS COVERING THE PROPOSED PROJECT ...... 9 1.3 EXTENT AND SCOPE OF THE STUDY ...... 9 1.3.1 EXTENT ...... 9 1.3.2 SCOPE OF THE STUDY...... 9 1.3.3 LOCATION ...... 10 1.4 THE APPROVAL NEEDED FOR THE PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT FROM STATE AGENCIES 11 1.5 ANY CONDITIONS LAID DOWN BY THE STATE AGENCIES IN GRANTING PRELIMINARY CLEARANCE FOR THE PROJECT...... 11 1.6 NATURE OF THE PROJECT ...... 12 1.7 MAGNITUDE OF OPERATION...... 12 1.8 SOURCES AND QUANTITIES OF RAW MATERIALS REQUIRED INCLUDING SOIL, SAND AND METAL ...... 13 1.9 PERSONS PERFORMING THE STUDY ...... 13 1.10 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS...... 13
2 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT ...... 15
2.1 TYPE OF PROJECT...... 15 2.2 CATEGORY OF PROJECT ...... 15 2.3 NEED FOR THE PROJECT ...... 15 2.4 LOCATION ...... 17 2.5 SIZE & MAGNITUDE OF OPERATION- CONSTRUCTION PROCESSES ...... 17 2.6 PROPOSED SCHEDULE OF IMPLEMENTATION...... 19 2.7 PROJECT LAYOUT...... 19 2.8 PROPOSED REHABILITATION WORKS (CONSTRUCTION DRAWINGS)...... 19
3 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT ...... 20
3.1 PHYSICAL RESOURCES ...... 20 3.1.1 CLIMATE & AIR QUALITY ...... 20 3.1.2 TOPOGRAPHY AND SOIL...... 21 3.1.3 GEOLOGY ...... 21 3.1.4 PRESENT LAND USE ...... 21 3.1.5 SURFACE WATER ...... 22 3.1.6 GROUNDWATER...... 23 3.2 ECOLOGICAL RESOURCES ...... 24 3.2.1 GENERAL...... 24 3.2.2 FLORA...... 25 3.2.3 FAUNA ...... 25 3.2.4 GENERAL...... 26 3.2.5 FLORA AND FAUNA...... 26
1 Initial Environmental Examination Report- Rehabilitation of Habarana Trincomalee Road (A006)
3.3 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT...... 28 3.4 SOCIAL & CULTURAL RESOURCES...... 29 3.4.1 EXISTING SETTLEMENTS ...... 29 3.4.2 EXISTING SOCIO ECONOMIC CONTEXT...... 30 3.4.3 EXISTING INFRASTRUCTURE FACILITIES ...... 32 3.4.4 CULTURAL, RELIGIOUS AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS...... 33 3.4.5 OTHER SENSITIVE INSTITUTIONS ...... 35 3.5 RESETTLEMENT SITES...... 38
4 SCREENING OF POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES...... 41
4.1 SCREENING POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS- CONSTRUCTION PHASE (A006 ROAD) ...... 41 4.1.1 EXCESSIVE EROSION/SEDIMENT RUNOFF FROM CUT-AND FILL AREAS...... 41 4.1.2 EFFECTS TO WATER WAYS, DRAINS AND ADJACENT LANDS...... 41 4.1.3 IMPACTS DUE TO LAND CLEARING, FILLING, EXCAVATION, EARTH MOVING AND DUMPING OF UNWANTED MATERIALS ETC...... 41 4.1.4 IMPACTS DUE TO EXTRACTION AND TRANSPORTATION OF CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS.. 42 4.1.5 IMPACTS DUE TO NOISE, VIBRATION AND DUST EMISSIONS...... 42 4.1.6 IMPACTS ON EXISTING ROAD STRUCTURES (BRIDGES CULVERTS ETC.) ...... 43 4.1.7 IMPACTS ON OTHER INFRASTRUCTURE FACILITIES ...... 44 4.1.8 ECOLOGICAL IMPACTS ...... 44 4.1.9 SOCIAL IMPACTS ...... 46 4.1.10 LAND USE IMPACTS ...... 47 4.1.11 IMPACTS DUE TO MIGRATION AND SETTLEMENTS OF TEMPORARY WORKERS (LABOUR CAMPS, SPOIL DISPOSAL ETC.) ...... 47 4.1.12 SOCIETAL IMPLICATIONS ...... 47 4.2 SCREENING POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS -OPERATIONAL IMPACTS ( A006 ROAD) ...... 49 4.3 SCREENING POTENTIAL IMPACTS – CONSTRUCTION IMPACTS(EXISTING BYPASS ROAD) 50 4.4 SCREENING POTENTIAL IMPACTS – CONSTRUCTION IMPACTS (EXISTING BYPASS ROAD) ...... 50 4.5 SCREENING POTENTIAL IMPACTS – CONSTRUCTION IMPACTS(PROPOSED BYPASS ROAD) ...... 51 4.5.1 IMPACT ON IRRIGATION AND PADDY CULTIVATION...... 51 4.5.2 IMPACT ON THE SOCIETY ...... 51 4.6 MITIGATION MEASURES – CONSTRUCTION IMPACTS (A006 ROAD) ...... 51 4.6.1 EXCESSIVE EROSION/SEDIMENT RUNOFF FROM CUT-AND FILL AREAS...... 51 4.6.2 EFFECTS TO WATER WAYS, DRAINS AND ADJACENT LANDS...... 51 4.6.3 IMPACTS DUE TO LAND CLEARING ...... 53 4.6.4 IMPACTS DUE TO EXTRACTION AND TRANSPORTATION OF CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS.. 53 4.6.5 IMPACTS DUE TO NOISE, VIBRATION AND DUST EMISSIONS...... 54 4.6.6 IMPACTS ON EXISTING STRUCTURES SUCH AS BRIDGES, CULVERTS ...... 54 4.6.7 IMPACTS ON OTHER INFRASTRUCTURE FACILITIES (WATER, ELECTRICITY AND TELECOMMUNICATION) ...... 55 4.6.8 ECOLOGICAL IMPACTS ...... 55 4.6.9 SOCIAL IMPACTS ...... 57 4.6.10 LAND USE IMPACTS ...... 57 4.6.11 RELOCATION IMPACTS ...... 57 4.6.12 IMPACTS DUE TO MIGRATION AND SETTLEMENTS OF TEMPORARY WORKERS...... 58
2 Initial Environmental Examination Report- Rehabilitation of Habarana Trincomalee Road (A006)
4.6.13 DRAINAGE MANAGEMENT ...... 59 4.7 MITIGATORY MEASURES FOR OPERATIONAL IMPACTS (A006) ...... 60 4.8 MITIGATION MEASURES – CONSTRUCTION IMPACTS (EXISTING BYPASS ROAD)...... 60 4.8.1 SOCIAL IMPACTS ...... 60 4.8.2 DRAINAGE IMPACTS...... 61 4.8.3 ECOLOGICAL IMPACTS ...... 61 4.9 MITIGATION MEASURES FOR OPERATIONAL IMPACTS EXISTING BYPASS ROAD...... 61 4.10 MITIGATION MEASURES – CONSTRUCTION IMPACTS (PROPOSED BYPASS ROAD)..... 62 4.10.1 SOCIAL IMPACTS ...... 62 4.10.2 DRAINAGE IMPACTS...... 63 4.10.3 ECOLOGICAL IMPACTS ...... 63 4.11 MITIGATORY MEASURES FOR OPERATIONAL IMPACTS PROPOSED BYPASS ROAD.... 63
5 INSTITUTIONAL REQUIREMENTS & ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN/ ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN...... 64
5.1 GENERAL (SALIENT FEATURES OF THE MONITORING PROGRAMME ) ...... 64 5.2 MONITORING PLAN ...... 64 5.3 RESPONSIBILITY OF AUTHORITIES IN IMPACT MITIGATION & MONITORING ...... 64 5.3.1 GENERAL...... 64 5.4 STAFFING & REPORTING REQUIREMENTS ...... 65 5.5 MECHANISMS FOR FEEDBACK & ADJUSTMENT ...... 65 5.6 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ...... 66
6 PUBLIC CONSULTATION & INFORMATION DISCLOSURE ...... 67
6.1 PUBLIC CONSULTATION PROCESS...... 67 6.2 METHODOLOGY TO BE ADOPTED IN ORDER TO DO THE PUBLIC DISCLOSURE OF THIS REPORT (IEER) ...... 67 6.3 RESULTS OF PUBLIC CONSULTATION ...... 67 6.4 PUBLIC CONCERNS ABOUT THE DEVELOPMENT PROJECT ON A006 AND BYPASS ROADS. 68 6.4.1 PREFERENCE FOR OFFSITE RESETTLEMENT...... 68 6.4.2 OTHER GENERAL PUBLIC & LINE AGENCY CONCERNS (A006 ROAD)...... 68 6.4.3 OTHER GENERAL PUBLIC & LINE AGENCY CONCERNS ( EXISTING BYPASS ROAD)...... 69 6.4.4 OTHER GENERAL PUBLIC & LINE AGENCY CONCERNS ( PROPOSED BYPASS ROAD) ..... 70 6.5 OVERALL SOCIAL ACCEPTABILITY...... 73 6.6 RDA RESETTLEMENT POLICY FOR AFFECTED PARTIES...... 74
7 FINDINGS & RECOMMENDATIONS ...... 75
7.1 FINDINGS ...... 75 7.2 EXISTENCE OF SIGNIFICANT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS...... 76 7.3 RECOMMENDATIONS ...... 76
8 CONCLUSION...... 77
8.1 PROJECT JUSTIFICATION ...... 77 8.2 FURTHER STUDIES ...... 78
3 Initial Environmental Examination Report- Rehabilitation of Habarana Trincomalee Road (A006) 9 REFERENCES...... 79
4 Initial Environmental Examination Report- Rehabilitation of Habarana Trincomalee Road (A006) LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
ADB- Asian Development Bank AP- Affected Party CEA- Central Environmental Authority CPC- Ceylon Petroleum Corporation DF- Department of Forestry DS- Divisional Secretary DBST- Double Bitumen Surface Treatment DWL- Department of Wild Life EIA- Environmental Impact Assessment EA- Environmental Assessment EMP- Environmental Management Plan ESD- Environmental & Social Division RDA GDRSL- Government of Democratic Republic of Sri Lanka GN- Grama Niladari ( Subordinate of DS) IEE- Initial Environmental Examination NHSP- National Highway Sector Project NIRP National Involuntary Resettlement Policy NWS&DB- National Water Supply & Drainage Board PIU- Project Implementation Unit REA- Rapid Environmental Assessment RDA – Road Development Authority ROW- Right of Way SBST- Single Bitumen Surface Treatment SIA- Social Impact Assessment
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1.1- Location Map Figure 2.1A, 2.1B, 2.1C- Project Site Map with Socially Sensitive Places Figure 2.2 Designed Road Cross Sections Figure 3.1- Monthly Average Rainfall in the Project Area Figure 3.2A, 3.2B, 3.2C- Drainage Map Figure 3.3 Ecology Map (Forest Reserves etc.) Note: In figure numbers A- Refers to A006 Road, B- Refers to existing bypass road and C- refers to proposed bypass road
5 Initial Environmental Examination Report- Rehabilitation of Habarana Trincomalee Road (A006) LIST OF TABLES
Table 1.1- Administrative Divisions Table 2.1- Stakeholder Justification for A006 Road Rehabilitation Table 3.1- Ambient Air Quality Table 3.2- Summary of floral species A006 Road Table 3.3- Summary of Faunal Species A006 Road Table 3.4- Flora in Existing Bypass Road Table 3.5 - Summary of Floral Species in Proposed Bypass Road Table 3.6- Faunal species – Proposed Bypass Road Table 3.7- List of Connecting Roads Table 3.8 - Places of Cultural, Archaeological & Religious Significance Table 3.9 - Banks Schools & Private Institutions( A006 Road) Table 3.10- Other Sensitive Locations ( Existing Bypass Road) Table 3.10- Other Sensitive Locations (Proposed Bypass Road) Table 4.1- Noise Level of Construction Equipment Table 4.2- Details of Bridge Structures to be rehabilitated – A006 Road Table 4.3- Percentage of structures to be demolished A006 Road Table 4.4- Impacts from Proposed Bypass Table 4.5- Mitigatory Measures- Stakeholder Suggestions (Proposed Bypass Road) Table 6.1 - Stakeholder Perception (Proposed Bypass Road)
LIST OF ANNEXES
Annex 1.1- CEA Conditional Approval for A006 Road Annex 1.2- Details of Report Preparers Annex 3.1- List of Flora & Fauna Annex 3.2 - List of GN Divisions Annex 3.3- Affected Property Annex 4.1 - Forest Department - Criteria for Road Development Annex 5.1- Monitoring Plan Annex 5.2- Environmental Management Plan (EMP) Annex 6.1- List of Persons Interviewed Annex 7.1- ADB Environmental Checklist
6 Initial Environmental Examination Report- Rehabilitation of Habarana Trincomalee Road (A006)
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Purpose of the of the IEE report
1. This is the IEE report for the (a) proposed rehabilitation of A006 Road from Habarana to Trincomalee, (b) the existing bypass road from 158+000km of A006 Road through Kantale New Town back to A006 Road near 161+500km and (c) the proposed new bypass (two segments) first segment starting just before the Kantale Tank spillway bridge (156+950km) and runs 200m away from the bund bypassing the spillway and bund and rejoins A006 road at (157+050km). The second segment starts from 158+500km which travels 200m away from Kantale Tank bund parallel it and joins A006 around 161+450km.
2. The report is prepared mainly according to the ADB IEE guidelines. However a conditional approval has been issued by the Central Environmental Authority under the CEA Act and concomitant regulations for A006 Road from Habarana-Kantale segment and while confirming to the ADB guidelines possible conditions given in the CEA conditional approval were also address so that the report confirms to both ADB guidelines & CEA Conditional. (Refer Annex 1.1 for CEA Conditional Approval- from Habarana to Kantale)
3. The objectives of this IEE Report are as follows.
• Identification of the baseline environment (Physical, physiochemical & social). Which will include the affected community, flora & fauna . • Identification of project induced construction impacts (especially social impacts, noise/vibration etc.) Ecological impacts (i.e. impacts on flora & fauna in general and the impacts on forest reserves and sanctuaries in particular, as they are sensitive habitats),and identification of operational stage impacts which are likely. • Proposing mitigatory measures for all the impacts identified above. • Propose a suitable environmental monitoring programme and an environmental management plan. • Identification of environmental impacts and proposes mitigatory measure to the proposed new bypass as it is entirely a new construction.
1.2 Project Background
1.2.1 Project & Project Proponent
4. The proposed subproject corresponds to the road section from Habaranae to Trincomalee Road identified as A006 and two bypass roads near Kantale given in Section 1.1 above, proposed to be rehabilitated by RDA under the ADB Loan 2217-SRI: National Highway Sector Project(NHSP). The purpose of the IEE report is to provide: (i) information about the general environmental settings of the project area as baseline data; (ii) information on potential impacts of the project and the characteristic of the impacts, magnitude, distribution; (iii) information on potentially affected groups, and duration of
7 Initial Environmental Examination Report- Rehabilitation of Habarana Trincomalee Road (A006) impact; (iv) information on potential mitigation measures to minimize the impact including mitigation costs; and (v) basic information for formulating environmental management and monitoring plan.
1.2.2 Brief Description of the Project
5. Under the NHSP, rehabilitation will include widening and improvement of the road from Habarana to Trincomalee, the existing bypass road to Kantale Town and the proposed two bypass road segments parallel to and 200m away from Kantale dam toe.
6. The rehabilitation of A006 road of this section, are improving the carriage way, unsealed shoulder, utility reservations and road side drainage. Improvement in this section of the road will result in improvement in transport efficiency by enhancing flow of traffic, reducing bottlenecks, and reducing travel time, consequently contributing to expansion of economic opportunities in connecting Colombo and the other economic places such as Dambulla to the places of economic value in Trincomalee such as Prima Flour Mill, Oil Tanks and Mitsui Cement Factory.
7. For A006 main road detailed designs are only available from Habarana to Kantale only. Detailed designs of the existing bypass road through Ksantale Town, and the proposed bypass road 200m away from Kantale dam toe are not yet available.. Only preliminary survey work for the new bypass road has been undertaken. The recommendations of the IEER will be useful in finalising the exact trace of the proposed bypass.
8. Rehabilitation of the existing bypass road will smoothen the traffic flow through Kantale New Town increasing its access & economic potential.
9. The proposed bypass parallel to and 200m away from the Kantale Tank Bund toe is especially designed to cater to larger heavy vehicles such as containers which incessantly travel to Trincomalee and back carrying loads of cement, flour etc. These heavy vehicles cannot travel on Kantale dam as those will endanger the stability of the once failed Kantale Dam. At present these vehicles travel along the existing bypass through Kantale town back to A006 road. Travelling of heavy vehicles, through town, causes traffic congestion and social inconvenience.
10. The subproject is part of the NHSP (Sector Loan) referred to above, and is at the feasibility stage. ADB requirements for a Sector Loan format recognize that at this stage all the detailed engineering requirements may not be completed and that further study may be required at the detailed design stage. Detailed designs for the proposed improvements are in progress whereas the Resettlement Plan for this road has been completed and is available with RDA at ESD.
8 Initial Environmental Examination Report- Rehabilitation of Habarana Trincomalee Road (A006)
1.2.3 Applicable local laws, regulations, standards and requirements covering the proposed project
11. Below given are the most essential laws, standards, regulations applicable to this project in particular.
• Central Environmental Authority Act & the attendant regulations for emissions, noise & vibration. • RDA Act & the related road reservation widths for ROW. • Regulations of Local Authorities (Pradesheeya Sabas etc..) • National Involuntary Resettlement Policy/Stipulations of RDA Ex-Gratia Packages for the People Affected by Highway Projects. ( Ref 2 ) • Flora & Fauna Protection Ordinance( 1937) • Forest Ordinance ( 1907) • Felling Trees Control Act . 1.3 Extent and scope of the study
1.3.1 Extent
12. The extent of the study is the road trace from Habarana to Trincomalee (86.12km), the existing bypass road which from 158+000 of A006 Road, straddles through Kantale New Town & Joins back A006 Road at 161+500 (approximately 5.2 km) and the proposed second bypass from 156+950 to 157+050 of A006 bypassing the Kantale Tank spillway and bund segment and the other segment starting from 158+000 of A006 and ending at 161+500 of A006 running parallel to Kantale Dam, 200m away from it through the downstream paddy area( 2.46km approximately).
13. For the purpose of this IEE the width of the corridor used for A006 road and the existing bypass road as 50m being 25m either side from the road centreline. However in case of impacts influencing beyond the specified limits the area of influence was expanded to cover such impacts.
14. For the proposed new bypass running parallel to Kantale dam the corridor was taken as 200m to either side from the road centreline as the exact trace of the bypass has not been finalised.
1.3.2 Scope of the Study
15. The scope of the study is determined by the stipulations given in the ADB IEE Outline which is part of ADB IEE [Ref 7] Guidelines and the conditional approval issued by CEA. The subject areas covered by the study are;
• Physical environment ( Topography, hydrology & ecology ) • Physiochemical environment (Air quality , water quality & noise/vibration )
9 Initial Environmental Examination Report- Rehabilitation of Habarana Trincomalee Road (A006) • Social environment ( All related social impacts )
16. As stated under Section 1.3.1 the extent considered for the study to cover its scope is a 50m corridor covering and area of 25m to the left and right side of the road for the main A006 Road and the existing bypass.
17. The extent for the new bypass is a 200m corridor for from proposed road centreline. However the following exceptions apply for A006 Road and bypass roads;
[1] For hydrology and drainage the extent is extended to the catchment boundaries of the streams and other drainage paths crossing the road and to the downstream of the stream as far as the effects on the stream exerted by the hydraulic structures such as bridges and culverts and the restrictions created by the road embankments in some segments. These boundaries vary along the road depending on the drainage network and the location & size of hydraulic structures and the height of embankment. This area is given in Figure 3.2A, 3.2B and 3.2C drainage maps.
[2] For ecology especially for fauna ( including avifauna) which is a mobile entity the corridor will extend beyond 50m depending on the habitat locations & the fauna migratory pattern which could be influenced by the road rehabilitation activities.
[3] for air quality ,water quality & noise/vibration this boundary could extend beyond 50m corridor depending on the intensity of the impacts.
[4] For social impacts if any sensitive social entity such as a school , religious institution or a public institution is affected beyond the 50m corridor these will be taken into account depending on the intensity of the impacts. Such entities are presented in Figure 2.1A
18. The general extent of the project area is considered as (1) 86.12km long 50m wide strip with an encompassed area of 430.6Ha from Habarana Junction to Trincomalee Town along A006 Road. (2) 5.2 km long 50m wide strip with an encompasses area of 26Ha for the existing bypass road and (3) 2.46km long 200m wide strip for the proposed by pass road ( two segments) which encompasses an area of 49.2Ha.
1.3.3 Location
19. Location & other administrative features.
20. The location of the project in Sri Lanka is given in Figure 1.1. Details of the local Authorities are presented below.
10 Initial Environmental Examination Report- Rehabilitation of Habarana Trincomalee Road (A006)
Table 1.1 – Administrative Divisions
Road Distance Provincial District DS Division Local Authorities Towns Identification From- Council To A006 Main 113km- North Anuradhapura Palugaswewa, Trincomalee Urban Habarana, Kantale, Road 152.8km Central & Hingurakgoda, council & Kekirawa, Tambalagamuwa North Trincomalee Kantale, Hingurakgoda, Kantale Trincomalee. 152.8- Eastern Tambalagamuwa & Tambalagamuwa 161km Trincomalee Pradesiya Sabhas Existing North Trincomalee Kantale Kantale Pradesiya Kantale Bypass Central Sabha. Proposed North Trincomalee Kantale Kantale Pradesiya Kantale bypass Central Sabha.
21. There are 27 GN divisions for A006 Road and these 27 GN divisions are given in. Annex 3.2. For the existing and proposed bypass road GN Division is Kantale.
1.4 The approval needed for the proposed development from state agencies
• NWS&DB for the relocation of the existing tubewells • Sri Lanka Telecom for the shifting of telecommunication lines. • All Pradeesheeys Sabas for general construction work • Ceylon Electricity Board for shifting of power lines (especially in town areas) and electricity pylons located very close to the road if shifting becomes necessary. • Department of wild life to monitor construction work within forest reserves. • Sri Lanka Army for movement within strict security areas. • Irrigation Department for the proposed bypass road. • Department of Agrarian Services for filling of paddy areas. • Geological Survey and Mines Bureau for quarry sites
1.5 Any conditions laid down by the state agencies in granting preliminary clearance for the project
22. There are no known preconditions laid down from the state agencies for the execution of the project except for the stipulations of the conditional approval issued by (CEA) which generally covers all such requirements. (See Annex1.1 for the CEA conditional approval). Department of Irrigation, Department of Wild Life and Department of Forestry have expressed their views when the IEER team consulted these line agencies. These views are presented in Annex 6.1
23. Following approvals should be obtained according to CEA conditional approval.
• Department of Agrarian Services – for filling of paddy land.
11 Initial Environmental Examination Report- Rehabilitation of Habarana Trincomalee Road (A006) • Local Authority/Divisional Secretary - for dumping grounds & landfill sites, setting up of labour camps. • Geological Survey and Mines Bureau- for quarry sites • Forest Department/ Department of Wild Life – for to carry out work within the forest reserves.
1.6 Nature of the project
24. The major feature of the project is the demolition & clearing of encumbrances to widen the ROW in town areas & rehabilitate the road surface. The traffic levels indicate that the two lane road will provide sufficient capacity up to 2025 time horizon. The existing bypass road will be rehabilitated to 6m width. The proposed bypass road will be constructed mostly through the paddy areas 200m away from Kantale dam toe and the operation will require a considerable amount of earth filling. Since the final trace detailed designs for the bypass road has not commenced the land requirements for the bypass cannot be estimated. However since the length of the bypass road is about 2.46 km and it is expected to construct it for two lane requirements the required ROW will be in the range of 15m . Hence the estimated land requirement will be about 3.6Ha. The findings of this IEE will be used to minimise the amount of filling.
1.7 Magnitude of Operation
A006 Main Road
25. Under this project the road from Habarana Junction to Trincomalee Town has to be rehabilitated with the following features.
• Median Nil = 0.0m • Carriageway 2x3.5m = 7.0m • Cycle Lane 2x1.5m = 3.0m • Unsealed shoulders 2*2.0 m = 4.0m • Utility reservations 2*1.5 = 3.0m
TOTAL ROW 17m
Existing Bypass Road through Kantale Town
26. The road is now rehabilitated to keep 6m width. Detailed designs for proposed rehabilitation have not been finalised.
Proposed Bypass Road 200m Away from Kantale Dam Toe
27. Only the preliminary surveys have been conducted and the final trace and the detailed designs will be finalised based on the recommendations of the IEER.
12 Initial Environmental Examination Report- Rehabilitation of Habarana Trincomalee Road (A006)
28. Key features of the road rehabilitation and development are as follows.
• The present road (including all bypasses) will be relayed and rehabilitated to two lane status. There will be only very limited land acquisitions in town areas to obtain ROW. • Hydraulic structures will be rehabilitated, demolished & reconstructed or only widened to suit new ROW requirements depending on their present status. • Additional filling, retaining walls will be carried out depending on the requirements. • Relaying of the road sub grade will be done at the places where the preset sub grade is weak. • Relaying of the road surface will be done in the entire road surface. • Concrete or earth side drains will be provided at pre determined locations especially in populated areas • The road will be provided with all necessary traffic signs, pedestrian crossings, parking bays (in town areas), and elephant/cattle crossings etc. • No phased development activities are expected as the work is only rehabilitation of road surface which could be undertaken in a single contract. • The proposed bypass has to be entirely constructed by filling mainly the paddy land, compaction of the filled earth and the placement of the sub grade and the top layer.
1.8 Sources and quantities of raw materials required including soil, sand and metal
29. All construction materials such as earth, sand, metal, cement will be brought from approved outside sources which will be decided by the respective contractors after the award of the tenders.
1.9 Persons performing the study
30. The EA is carried out by an individual and his appointed field staff approved by ADB & RDA. Refer Annex 1.2 for details of the personnel and their work allocation.
1.10 Acknowledgements
31. The support provided by the following institutions/officers for the preparation of the report is greatly acknowledged.
• Environmental & Social Division of RDA ( ESD) – for providing necessary guidance in reviewing the contents of the report
• Mr. Tahir Qadri, the ADB’s consultant for TA 4736 for giving necessary advice to prepare the report to conform to latest ADB standards.
13 Initial Environmental Examination Report- Rehabilitation of Habarana Trincomalee Road (A006)
• Project Director and other Officers of the Road Sector Development Project for providing feasibility study reports and liaising with other line agencies to obtain project relevant information
• Officers of Central Environmental Authority – for providing the conditional approval and coordination with ESD
• Divisional Secretaries – Palugaswewa, Hingurakgoda, Kantale, Tambalagamuwa & Trincomalee, under their jurisdiction for providing valuable information related to social impacts
• Officers of the Department of Wildlife and Department of Forestry for providing their concerns.
14 Initial Environmental Examination Report- Rehabilitation of Habarana Trincomalee Road (A006)
2 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT 2.1 Type of Project
32. The project is mainly a road rehabilitation and new road construction project which concerns three roads viz existing A006 Road, the existing bypass through the Kantale Town and the proposed bypass 200m downstream of Kantale dam toe. The A006 road already has two lane facilities. The existing bypass is also with two lane facility. The proposed second bypass road will be constructed with two lane facility mainly using the paddy area 200m downstream of Kantale dam and the scrub forest area downstream of Kantale Tank spillway.
2.2 Category of Project
33. According to the ADB guidelines (the Rapid Environmental Assessment Checklist in Annex 7.1) the project falls within the ambit of “Category B Sensitive” where its potential adverse impacts on human population or environmentally important areas are less adverse. The impacts rendered are site specific. Most of the impacts are typical to such road rehabilitation projects, and they are temporary & mitigable. However environmental monitoring plan & environmental management plan needs to be strictly implemented especially to monitor construction activities within the forest reserve areas because of flora, fauna & the ongoing strict security concerns.
2.3 Need for the Project
Rehabilitation of A006 Road
34. About 64.3% of the Nation Highway (NH) network of Sir Lanka is still between single and two-lane standard (such as H-K) 34.0% two-lane, and only 1.7% four-lane or more. More than 50% of NH are in poor or bad surface condition, and many are seriously congested. Poor road conditions such as rough surfaces, narrow width and poor alignment contribute to raise road-user costs, impair road safety and diminish the quality and frequency of transport services. Such conditions limit the contribution of roads to national development, economic growth, and poverty reduction.
35. The first section from Ambepussa to Habarana has been rehabilitated in 1992 under the second ADB road rehabilitation project. The section form Kantale to Trincomalee was included in NHSP during formulation. This has now been postponed due to the unsettled conditions in this area and will be taken up when conditions are conducive
36. Under this sub project it has been proposed to improve A006 road from Habarana Junction to Trincomalee Town and the existing bypass road through Kantale town and the proposed new bypass road 200m downstream of Kantale dam. Habarana- Trincomalee road section is the last section of Ambepussa – Kurunegala Trincomalee
15 Initial Environmental Examination Report- Rehabilitation of Habarana Trincomalee Road (A006) road which is the main trunk road in the country that links Trincomalee District to Colombo which is the capital, city. This is one of the very important trunk road which provide connection to Trincomalee harbour from the rest of the country. Location of Prima floor mill, cement factories and petroleum storage tank yard at Trincomalee make the roads very important for the development for the country.
37. The divisional secretaries, Grama Niladaries, other agency officers in the area and community leaders justified the need for improving Habarana to Trincomalee road. Their justifications are summarising Table 2.1 below.
Table 2.1 Stakeholder justification of the road improvement and upgrading
Stake Holder Justification Divisional Secretaries • This road is connected to one of the main Urban centres in East of the country • Important Economic & other infrastructure facilities are located in Trincomalee (Prima factory, Mitsui cement factory, Trincomalee Navy camp) • At present the road is physically not in good condition & needs substantial improvement (widening and improving the surface) GNs • This is the only main road available to transport Navy, Air Force & Police Officers from Colombo to Trincomalee (about 40 – 50 buses run on this road transporting Army personal. • The road is in dilapidated conditions and it needs improvement. Other Agency Officers • This road can be used as an alternative A9 road which is closed for time to time ( the food & other stuff can be transported upto Trincomalee Harbour to transport to North) • The road runs through important Urban Centres such as Habarana, Kantale, Seruwila & Trincomalee Community Leaders • The important economic infrastructure such as Mitsui Cement & Prima flour factory are located in Trincomalee, this road is the access to transport the products of these factories. • About 50 – 60 containers and Lorries transporting various goods on this road. • Road which is not adequate to provide flexible environment for heavy vehicles, such as containers & Lorries. The road is dilapidating due to intensive use for heavy vehicles and therefore it needs urgent physical improvements.
Source: Divisional Secretaries, GNs, other agency officers and community leaders.
16 Initial Environmental Examination Report- Rehabilitation of Habarana Trincomalee Road (A006)
Existing Bypass Through Kantale Town
38. The existing bypass through the Kantale town is also very important as part of which is Allai Kantale road which could be used to go to Muthur, Seruwila etc. Parts of this road within Kantale town area have got settled because of the heavy vehicles such as containers which ply along this road as they cannot travel along A006 over Kantale dam. Because of the pressure created by these heavy vehicles water supply pipelines have got crushed and blocked creating a considerable public inconvenience.
39. Since the main road falls on the Kantale dam this bypass road is significant for the large number of heavy vehicles running on the Habarana, Trincomalee road. The DS and the other local level officers such as GNs and also the community leaders justify the improvement to this road mainly because it help to avoid Kantale tank bund. More details are published under “Public Consultation and Information disclosure”
Proposed Bypass Road 200m Away from Kantale Dam
40. The stakeholders especially the community who live in Kantale town justifies the construction of the proposed bypass as it averts the heavy vehicle travel through Kantale town causing much inconvenience to public. The existing bypass road at some sections in Kantale town has settled and some water supply pipelines have broken and got blocked owing to heavy vehicle plying.
41. The other well founded justification is the impact on Kantale Dam from heavy vehicles such as containers and Irrigation Department does not give permission to use the dam to road for heavy vehicles. At present these heavy vehicles travel using the existing bypass road causing inconvenience to the dwellers of Kantale Town. There is no bypass road segment for the spillway of Kantale dam which is on A006 Road (156+300km) and heavy vehicle travelling is very much detrimental to the spillway structure and the contiguous bund segment.
2.4 Location
A006 Road and All Bypass Roads
42. The general location of the project is shown in Figure 1.1 and the map of the project site showing the road and socially important places is presented in Figure 2.1A for A006 main road, in Figure 2.1B for the existing bypass and in Figure 2.1C for the proposed bypass which includes the bypass segment for Kantale Tank spillway.
2.5 Size & Magnitude of Operation- Construction Processes
Land clearing, excavation, earth moving, fills reclamation of paddy lands, removal of vegetation and construction of bridges / culverts etc
17 Initial Environmental Examination Report- Rehabilitation of Habarana Trincomalee Road (A006) 43. Land Clearing- Clearing of the structures which are both temporary and permanent will be carried out using heavy machinery. However the owners of these structures are allowed to take away the cannibalised material for their new destinations. This could happen only in very limited way as congested areas are limited.
44. Earth Moving – Heavy machinery such as dump trucks, front end loaders to move earth to the desired locations. For this particular road for the proposed rehabilitation works earth will have to be borrowed from proximal areas as filling will be required only in few road sections.
45. Filling- Filling will have to be done in few places where the existing elevations in the widened ROW are lower. Filling will be carried out by the earth moving equipment given above. For compaction of earth plate vibrators, vibratory rollers & sheep foot rollers are needed.
46. Filling in the Proposed Bypass Road: This will have to be entirely done and the equipment above have to be mobilised.
47. Reclamation of Paddy Lands- This road straddles through sporadic paddy areas and some of these areas have to be filled to obtain the designated ROW. As in most of the places adequate ROW requirements are already present and the paddy areas are few and far between, filling will be limited. The reclamation for embankment of the by-pass will be done in such way to ensure adequate culverts for avoiding flood in the paddy field/
48. Removal of Vegetation- Removal of scrub vegetation will take place to obtain the ROW. Some trees also have to be removed at sporadic places. As adequate ROW requirements are already present this tree removal will be limited.
49. Construction of Bridges & Culverts – There are many culverts and bridges which have to be widened and reconstructed. (Refer Table 4.2 in Chapter 4) For all the hydraulic structure the standard concrete construction techniques such as piling, coffer damming, concreting, laying of pre-stressed beams etc. will be carried out.
50. Road Surfacing: Road surfacing work including the sub grade & the surfacing will include standard construction techniques with heavy to light standard roads construction equipment. Sub grade will be laid only in the widened sections and in the sections sub grade is weak. Asphalt concrete surfacing will be carried out to complete the road surface.
51. Rock Blasting: A limited amount of rock blasting may have to be carried out to obtain the proposed right of way at 118+000km(Left) as there is a rock outcrop by the side of the road. No residences are observed near the rock outcrop and the required blasting will be minimum as the quantity of rock to be blasted is small. All blasting will be carried out after obtaining the permit from the Geological Survey and Mines Bureau (GSMM) and the conditions laid down in the permit will be adhered to. Condition surveys within 500m radius will be carried out prior to blasting.
18 Initial Environmental Examination Report- Rehabilitation of Habarana Trincomalee Road (A006)
2.6 Proposed Schedule of Implementation
52. According to the PIU the tentative activity schedule is as follows.Land acquisition and resettlement from (January 2007- December 2007.) Civil Construction commences on early 2008 depending on the availability of funds. ADB will be funding only for the rehabilitation after the IEE studies are complete and the resettlement activities will be undertaken by NHSP utilizing local funds.
2.7 Project Layout
For A006 Road and All Bypasses
53. The layout plan of the project showing road path, chainage , terrain features in the vicinity & other socially important entities are presented in Figure 2.1A, 2.1B & 2.1C.
2.8 Proposed Rehabilitation Works (Construction Drawings)
54. Construction drawings for the proposed road rehabilitation works are available in the RSDP Project Implementation Unit Office. Figure 2.2 shows the proposed road cross section types, road overlay features such as the wearing course, binding coarse, granular base sub base & embankment material. Detailed construction drawings are not available for the bypass roads as feasibility studies are still on going.
55. Proposed rehabilitation will be to widen the ROW, rehabilitate the road surface, and improve drainage structures such as bridges and culverts.
19 Initial Environmental Examination Report- Rehabilitation of Habarana Trincomalee Road (A006)
3 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT
3.1 Physical Resources
3.1.1 Climate & air Quality
Climate & Hydrology
56. Habarana Trincomalee Road which is a section of A006 Road lies entirely in the Dry Zone of Sri Lanka and experiences an average annual rainfall of 1500-2000mm.
57. The average annual temperature is greater than 27.5C0 (Source Arjuna’s Atlas of Sri Lanka).The main rainfall seasons are the South West monsoon (May - September) and North East Monsoon (December – February) .High rainfall peaks are common in the months of November December during the North East Monsoon. Flooding takes place during these months prominently in the dry zone.
58. Figure 3.1 below shows the monthly average rainfall variation in Minneriya, Kantale and Trincomalee all of which are rainfall stations close to the road trace.
Figure 3.1 Rainfall Variations in the Project Area
Monthly Rainfall Variation Along A006 Road
400 350 300 250 200 150 Rainfall mm Rainfall 100 50 0 JUL JAN JUN FEB OCT APR SEP DEC AUG NOV MAR MAY Time months
Minneriya Kantale Trincomalee
20 Initial Environmental Examination Report- Rehabilitation of Habarana Trincomalee Road (A006) Air quality
59. The following baseline air quality parameters have been published in the Environmental Atlas of Sri Lanka [Ref 9] the closest stations where measurements are available are Kurunegala & Anuradhapura. It is seen that in these stations the air quality levels are well below the standards which shows the air quality is good and air is less polluted. The actual values for the road area should be less than these as the road is in less populated area.
Table 3.1 Ambient air Quality along A006 Road Trace
Station SO2 ppm NO2 ppm Log CO ppm Anuradhapura 0.001 0.002 0.5 Kurunegala 0.001 0.003 0.5 Standard 0.08 0.13 30 Source: Environmental Atlas of Sri Lanka [Ref 9]. Year of measurement 1999
3.1.2 Topography and Soil
60. The topography of the trace is flat to undulating terrain.
61. The prominent soil type in the area is Reddish Brown Earth( RBE) and Low Humic Gley ( LHG) soils in undulating terrain. There are also patches of rock knob plains and eroded land. Alluvial soils variable drainage and texture flat terrain ( Mahaweli River alluvium) . The road also passes over bog and half bog soils in flat terrain (close to Trincomalee) (Panabokke C- Soils of Sri Lanka.)
3.1.3 Geology
For A006 Main Road and Bypass Roads
62. The general geology of they are could be classified as “Highland Sires’ with garnet- sillimanite, schist and gneiss, quartz feldspar, granulite, charnokitic gneiss, pyriclasite, pyroxenes and amphibolites etc. ( Coorey P G- Geology of Sri Lanka -1984)
3.1.4 Present land use
A006 Road
63. The present land use of the widened ROW could be classified as rural consisting of villages, home gardens, dry zone forest, scrub forests and paddy areas.
21 Initial Environmental Examination Report- Rehabilitation of Habarana Trincomalee Road (A006) Existing Bypass Road
64. The land use categories for the existing bypass roads are the paddy and semi urban ( Kantale Town) areas.
Proposed Bypass
65. The main land use category for this road is paddy and a small amount of semi urban areas in Kovilgama area.
3.1.5 Surface Water
A006 Road
66. The A006 road runs through rural areas. There are very few low lying patches where filling have to be undertaken in the would-be widened sections, to match with the existing road level. One of the major surface water entity touched by the road is Kantale tank of which the bund is partly used as the road. Near the Trincomalee town the road travels by the side of the China Bay for a short distance.
67. The major visible streams intercepted by this road are, Aluth Oya( 139+400km) Kithuuthu, Oya(149+900km) In addition to this there are many minor streams which pass water across roads through culverts . These minor streams are non perennial seasonal streams.
68. The drainage of the road is very good as the road does not travel across flood plains and the inundation of the road is very rare by floods. The drainage map of the road is given in Figure 3.2A
Existing Bypass Road through Kantale Town
69. Part of this road from A006 Road to Kantale town runs along paddy areas and by the side of the Kantale RB canal. There are few culverts crossings for the intercepting irrigation canals. Although the road traverses through the paddy areas there is no significant flooding and inundation of this road as the road immediately lies downstream of Kantale dam which shields floods. The drainage map of the road is given in Figure 3.2B
Proposed Bypass Road 200m Away from Kantale Dam
70. Except for short lengths at the beginning at the end of the second segment of the road, this second segment of the road almost wholly runs along paddy areas and the short first segment of the road which bypasses the Kantale Tank spillway runs through scrub forest. Although the road mainly traverses through the paddy areas there is no significant flooding and inundation of this road too as the road lies immediately downstream of Kantale dam which shields floods. However sufficient fill height should be provided over the possible maximum water level in paddy areas.
22 Initial Environmental Examination Report- Rehabilitation of Habarana Trincomalee Road (A006)
71. Several Irrigation Branch Canals and Distributory Canals will be intersected by this bypass road. These canals are:
• Kantale Tank Right Bank ( RB) canal • Kantale Tank Left Bank (LB) Canal • Distributory canal ( D-Canal) • Warakele Main Canal • Kantale spillway tail raise canal
The drainage map of the area is given in Figure .3.2C
3.1.6 Groundwater
A006 Main Road
72. The road lies on a rural terrain with urban patches with settlements. Since the road straddles through the dry zone groundwater is scarce. Few Agri-wells & tube wells are seen close to the road. On very few occasions the road runs over river alluviums and quartzite deposits which bears a certain amount of groundwater. (Groundwater map Arjuna’s Atlas of Sri Lanka – Page 31). Fractures present in the underlying terrain also posses groundwater aquifers.
Existing Bypass Road
73. The initial segment of this road lies in the paddy area. Irrigation canals also run adjacent to the road therefore the groundwater table of this area is high as the groundwater resources are replenished twice a year for the two cultivation seasons.
Proposed New Bypass
74. This road also traverses mainly along the paddy areas about 200m away from the toe of the Kantale dam. There are many irrigation channels crossing the road which carry water during the irrigation seasons. Hence the water table is high in the area
23 Initial Environmental Examination Report- Rehabilitation of Habarana Trincomalee Road (A006)
3.2 Ecological Resources
A006 Main Road
3.2.1 General
75. Biological environment of the road corridor includes both aquatic and terrestrial habitats. A large number of wild animals and a verity of wild trees are distributed around this road. Majority of the aquatic habitats including small tanks and streams are completely dry during the dry season. Kantale tank is the main aquatic ecosystem which provides breeding, nesting and roosting sites for different species of animals both during the dry and wet season. About 35 to 75 meter land area including some sections of the natural forest, cultivated lands, grasslands and government lands have been fully cleared on both sides of the road due to security reasons.
76. Altogether nine main aquatic and terrestrial habitats can identified either side of this road section. These include Secondary forest, Forest plantation, Grassland with scattered shrubs and trees, Roadside vegetation, Marshes, Rivers, Paddy fields, Chena cultivations and Home gardens. Considerable amount of the land area beside the road is covered by the protected forest, forest plantations, shrub lands, grasslands and paddy fields. Elephant habitats and Elephant crossings also available at some sections of the road. Hurulu forest reserve which is an internationally recognised biosphere reserve, Anaulandawa reserve, Nawika Hamuda Wedabima Sanctuary ( Naval Headworks Sanctuary) and the Kantale tank and Gal Oya proposed forest reserve identified as highly environmentally sensitive sites located beside this road section. All these reserves and sanctuaries are placed outside the road ROW although in some cases the reserve boundary and the ROW boundary is the same. Thus the reserve/sanctuary and the road are two separate entities. In some instances the concrete boundary markers for forest reserves could be identified (Please see the following photograph).
24 Initial Environmental Examination Report- Rehabilitation of Habarana Trincomalee Road (A006)
77. Although there are sensitive habitats such as sanctuaries and forest reserves on either side of A006 road there is no encroachment to the land of these sensitive habitats as the road ROW has been clearly identified which is not part and parcel of these sensitive habitats. These forest reserves and the ROW of the road are two clearly identified distinct areas as mentioned earlier.
3.2.2 Flora
78. The general flora of the road trace environs consist of dry zone secondary forest, forest (Eucalyptus -Eucalyptus sp. and Teak -Tectona grandis) plantation, roadside vegetation (weedy shrubs and herbs) , grassland with scattered scrubs and trees (Rata Tana -Panicum maximum is the dominant species) , marshes with common aquatic plants, reverine vegetation associated with river banks , paddy fields , chena cultivation and home gardens.
79. A total number of 225 plant species with 4 endemic and a single threatened species Usepale ( Oxystelma esculentum) was recorded from the study area during the field study. Table: 3.2A and Annex 3.1 include all the floral species recorded in the proposed project area with necessary information.
Table 3.2A: Summary of the floral species recorded during the field visit
Taxonomic Number of Endemic Nationally Exotic Group Species Species Threatened Species Plants 225 04 01 44
3.2.3 Fauna
80. Existing habitat and fauna- A total of 81 faunal species (Butterflies 11, Fish 08, Amphibians 03, Reptiles 06, Birds 32 and Mammals 21) were recorded from six main habitats including home gardens, paddy fields, protected forest, shrub lands, cultivated lands and water bodies. These include wild, common home garden and domestic species. From the total recorded fauna three species are endemic to the country. Table: 3.3 and Annex 3.1, includes all the faunal species recorded in the proposed project area with necessary information.
25 Initial Environmental Examination Report- Rehabilitation of Habarana Trincomalee Road (A006) Table 3.3: Summary of the faunal species recorded during the observation period
Animal Group Total no of Spp recorded Endemic Exotic/Migrants Butterflies 11 - - Freshwater fish 08 - - Amphibians 03 - - Reptiles 06 01 - Birds 32 02 03 Mammals 21 01 -
81. Migratory species: Three migratory bird species Blue tail bee eater (Merops philippinus), Indian pitta (Pitta brachyura) and Brown shrike (Lanius cristatus) were observed during the study in the vicinity of the road. In addition to these recorded species more migrants are visiting to the different habitat located either side of the road during the migratory season from mid September to mid April.
82. Elephant crossings- Elephant habitats (Elephas maximus) and their migratory paths are located around many section of this road including Habarana forest, Hurulu forest reserve and Anaulandawa forest. Elephant herds and some individuals can be spotted in either side of the road up to Kantale even in the day time. There are also several elephant crossing sites mainly from Habarana up to Kantale (Between 115 km post up to 145 km post). From Kantale to Trincomalee, there are no well identified elephant crossings as elephants cross the road at sporadic locations. Two major Elephant crossings in this A006 road, were identified according to information given by the people. These two crossing areas located in the chainages 134+00km-135+00km and 123+000km-125+000km(Refer Figure 3.3). The elephants roam sporadically nearby the road in this two crossing areas to get food and water from nearby forest, home gardens and tanks. During the dry months of August these elephants cross the road to enter the Minneriya tank environs of Minneriya National Park where many elephants flock.
Existing by pass through Kantale town
3.2.4 General
83. This is existing alternative road going through the Kantale town.. Bio diversity around this road section is highly disturbed due to verity of human activities. Less than 10 trees should be removal as apart of road improvement. Road reservation is not available in some sections for the proposed widening.
3.2.5 Flora and fauna
84. Majority of faunal and flora species recorded in this road section are common home garden species. No highly ecologically sensitive sites located on either side of this
26 Initial Environmental Examination Report- Rehabilitation of Habarana Trincomalee Road (A006) road section. Only observed ecologically sensitive habitats were paddy fields and associated irrigation canals. Any rare, threatened, endemic or endangered species were not recorded in the area.
Types of affected trees in the road reservation are presented in Table 3.4 below.
Table 3.4 - Common Floral Species in the Existing Bypass Road
Botanical Name Common Name Local Name ( in Sinhalese) Azapirachta Indica Margosa Kohomba Mangifera Indica Mago Amba Ficus Religiosa Bo Bo
Proposed by pass for the Habarana Trincomalee road.
85. Proposed by pass for the Kantale- Trinco road is going to be located around 200 meters away from the Kantale dam. Roadside vegetation, Waterways, Paddy fields, Home gardens and associated vegetation were identified as main ecological habitats in the area. A total of 78 plant species (Table 3.5 and Annex 3.1) and 41 animal species including 6 species of Butterflies, 03 species of Fish, 02 species of Amphibians, 03 species of Reptiles, 19 species of Birds and 08 species of Mammals (Table 3.2 and Annex 3.1) were recorded from the above habitats. No endemic, rare, threatened or endangered floral and faunal species recorded in the proposed road trace (Table 3.5). Approximately 16 individual trees were found either side of the road over 30cm DBH.
Table 3.5: Summary of the floral species recorded through proposed by pass. Taxonomic Number of Endemic Nationally Exotic Group Species Species Threatened Species Plant 78 0 0 26
Fauna
Table 3.6: Summary of the faunal species recorded around the proposed bypass road. Animal Group Total no of Spp recorded Endemic Exotic/Migrants Butterflies 06 - - Fish 03 - 02 Amphibians 02 - - Reptiles 03 - - Birds 19 - - Mammals 08 - 01
27 Initial Environmental Examination Report- Rehabilitation of Habarana Trincomalee Road (A006)
3.3 Economic Development
86. This road provides access facilities to key economic centres of the country. (Prima factory, Mitsui Cement and Trincomalee Harbour etc.). Nearly 50 – 60 large containers and Lorries transporting products of Mitsui cement and Prima flour factory run on this road daily. This road is also linked to Dambulla Economic Canter which is of strategic value. There are four urban centres in A006 road viz. Habarana, Kantale, Tambalagamuwa and Trincomalee and a brief economic profile of these townships is given below.
Habarana
87. The Habarana town is an economically significant centre located in the directly influential area of the road. It has become a transit tourist centre especially for the foreign visitors. Baticaloa, Polonnaruwe and many other significant (historically and culturally) areas could be reached through the roads running across Habarana. Trincomalee and all other important places could be reached through this road running across Habarana town. Anuradapura, Dambulla are other two significant locations reachable through Habarana.
88. The town has comparatively well established tourism related infrastructure facilities. Two main Hotels (five star) which are popular among both foreign and local tourists (Habarana Village and Habarana Lodge) are located in this town centre.
89. In terms of other economic activities of the town agriculture is the second important activity (next to tourism). Several irrigation schemes are located in the nearby areas of Habarana and therefore, the farmers visit the town for purchasing agricultural inputs and marketing their products.
90. In addition to direct beneficiaries of tourism there are significant number of individuals indirectly depending on tourism related other activities. In terms of other business activities the Habarana town center is not so significant mainly because availability of many other business centers in the vicinity of Habarana (Dambulla, Kekirawe and Maradankalla ).
Kantale
91. Kantale town centre has emerged mainly due to Kantale irrigation system. Compared to Habarana it is a large scale town center where multiple economic activities are taking place. From cultural point of view also Kantale is important due to irrigation scheme and also due to the Seruwawila Buddhist temple located near Kantale.
92. The most popular business activities are centered on agriculture. The agriculture input marketing is the main economic activity. Activities on marketing of agriculture products (mainly paddy/rice) are too significant. There are many business centers dealing with these two activities.
28 Initial Environmental Examination Report- Rehabilitation of Habarana Trincomalee Road (A006) 93. The institutions related to agriculture (Branches of Departments such as irrigation, agriculture and agrarian services and both government and private Banks) are located in the town center. The industry is not a significant economic activity of the town except rice mills. However, the town center is congested due to large number of heavy vehicles running across town transporting products related to cement and other materials.
Tambalagamuwa
94. Tambalagamuwa is another township centered on agriculture related economic activities. It is a small town centre with compared to other town centers located in the road influential area. The main activities of the town are connected with irrigation scheme of Tambalagamuwa. The mostly visited community to the town is farming people. For the services of Department of Irrigation, Department of Agriculture the communities in Tambalagamuwa have to visit to Kantale.
Trincomalee
95. The Trincomalee is the most significant town in the east of Sri Lanka. It is significant from various aspects. Politically it is important because of the harbor and also the capital city of eastern region. Economically it holds both regional national significant. Services of harbor (commercial and fisheries) facilitate and the industries are the most significant economic aspects (even nationally) in the Trincomalee urban centre. Prima flour processing industry and Mitsui cement producing industry are the most significant industrial activities of Trincomalee. Trincomalee is also very famous in terms of tourism.
96. Most of the infrastructural facilities, government and private sector and also other service delivery centers are located in the town. The town center is congested due few reasons, narrow road net work, and high population visiting the town from other places and nearby locations.
3.4 Social & Cultural Resources
3.4.1 Existing settlements
97. In general the road runs through communities whose main livelihood is heavily dependent on agriculture. Except Trincomalee all other town centers have emerged due to establishment of irrigated agricultural schemes in the area. The Habarana has also emerged as an agricultural township but now it is much famous as tourist center. The all other urban centers such as Kantale and Tambalagamuwa are heavily dependent on agricultural activities. Trincomalee is an urban center depending on multiple livelihood activities such as fisheries, tourism, business, industries and agriculture. Except these few urban centers the entire starch of the road goes through rural agricultural communities.
98. As usual the congested population centers are observed in urban centers such as Kantale and Trincomalee. Again in urban centers like Tambalagamuwa a dense population is not observed. In most of the areas along the road scattered rural agricultural families/households can be observed.
29 Initial Environmental Examination Report- Rehabilitation of Habarana Trincomalee Road (A006) 99. In terms of ethnic diversity the two urban acres are occupied by communities belong to three main ethnic groups of the country, Sinhala, Tamil and Muslim. These two centers are Kantale and Trincomalee. In the other two urban centers of the road, Tambalgamuwa and Habarana most of the communities belong to Sinhala race.
3.4.2 Existing Socio economic context
A006 Main Road
100. The communities in the project belong to all religious and ethnic groups (Sinhala, Muslim and Tamil) and they belong to traditional indigenous rural communities.
101. The 86.12 km long stretch of the proposed road runs across rural, semi-urban and urban centres located in Palugaswewa, Hinguragoda, Kantale, Tambalagamuwa and Trincomalee DS divisions. The owners of the affected 14 houses are involved in agriculture as main livelihood activity. Another 123 persons run their businesses activities in places close to the road.
102. The focus group discussion with the affected communities indicates the educational levels of people living in four urban centres are higher than the level of education among rural communities living along the road. The urban communities have better access for good schools and they also can afford sending their children to such schools.
103. Only 3 schools are located in the 25 M belt of the road studied from Habarana to Trincomalee. These 3 schools include:
1. Junior school- Hataraskotuwe 2. Aluth Oya school- Sinhapura 3. Central school- Kantale
104. There is large number of schools located in the road influential area (directly or indirectly served by this road). At least the number of schools served by the road is about 50. These schools are located beyond the 25 M belt we studied (from each side of the road). Almost each Grama Niladhari division (GN division) has a rural school.
Existing Bypass Road
105. This road runs from a point located just near Kantale Tank and runs up to clock tower of Kantale urban center. It is a circular road running around Kantale tank on its downstream area (irrigated command area). In the beginning of the road (near Kantale tank's spillway) the road runs through an irrigated agricultural area belong to department of agriculture where the Department of agriculture is running its seed farm. A few quarters (houses) where employees of the department living are found in the starting point of the bi-pass (from Habarana end). Until the road hits the Kantale town center it runes through paddy fields where scatted houses are observed occupying by farming families.
30 Initial Environmental Examination Report- Rehabilitation of Habarana Trincomalee Road (A006)
106. About 1km length of the road towards Kantale town runs through highly populated urban area. In this 1 KM long stretch the road runs through shops and houses located close to each other. In this area the communities belong to all 3 ethnic groups are observed, Sinhala, Tamil and Muslim.
Proposed Bypass Road
107. The proposed road will be constructed through irrigated command area fallen under two villages (communities), Kovilgama and communities living around Kantale town center in Kantale Grama Niladhari (GN) division. The Kantale Divisional secretaries division is the main administrative division of the project. Except some land located in two ends of the road stretch the rest of the road length will need to be constructed through irrigated land mainly used for paddy cultivation ( except negligible one or to patches of Banana cultivated in high elevation pieces of land those can not be delivered with irrigation water ). The lands located at the two ends of the road stretch are used for establishment of houses. There may be possibilities to design the road avoiding most of these houses except few those needs to be demolished and re-established in the same land ( there is adequate space in each home garden likely to be affected to construct even few additional houses).
108. The most significant land use (the property) that will be affected is irrigated land being cultivated with paddy. The entire land area required for ROW of the proposed road will be about 7ha of land.
109. The affected communities are living in following areas • Some are in head end part of the proposed road stretch (towards Habarana). They are the employees of seed research centre of the Department of agriculture residing in the Department’s quarters. • The Other communities living in the tail end part of the road starch close to Kantale town. These people living in a village called Kovilgama (most of these people are Tamils- but Tamils will not be the affected communities because their houses will not come into the ROW. ). • The middle part of the road stretch is occupied by irrigated land. The land owners of this area are living in Kovilgama and also area around the Kantale town centre.
110. The likelihood affected highlands are located in both ends of the road. The major portion of highlands located at Habarana end (0+000) belongs to the Department of Agriculture and they are grown with perennial crops such as mango, and other fruit trees. A few land plots within the 400m land belt in this same area are private lands where same land use pattern can be observed. In some private land plots a portion of the land is cultivated with paddy. The plot size ranges from 1 acre -3 acres.
111. The plot size in the Kantale end (2+465) is comparatively small mainly due to its close proximity to the Kantale town center. These highlands (homesteads) are also cultivated with different perennial fruit crops and semi-perennial crops such as papaya, guava and so on. The land located in the middle portion of the study area (lands area) is
31 Initial Environmental Examination Report- Rehabilitation of Habarana Trincomalee Road (A006) cultivated with paddy in both Maha and Yala seasons. The approximate paddy yield is about 3.5 t/ha. Being the head end portion of the Kantale command area these farmers have easy access to irrigation water.
3.4.3 Existing infrastructure facilities
A006 Main Road
112. Road Network- Eight different sub-roads either run across this road, or running immediate vicinity of this road. Both types of sub-roads are connected to the proposed main road. The list of 8 sub-roads is shown in Table 3.7
Table 3.7 -The roads/railroads that have connections with the proposed road (observation started from Habarana) L/R Chainage Public Institutions L/R 2+200 Habrana Galoya railway line R 15+000 Minneriya road R 36+000 Medirigiriya road R 14+400 Kantale sugar factory road R 43+000 Seruwila road R 47+000 Kantale New town road R 61+700 Gamunupura road R 82+700 Sri Darmasoka road
113. Access to Domestic Water Except semi urban and the urban centres the other rural communities along the road depend on ground water for domestic purposes (tube wells, shallow wells in the private home gardens as well as common places). The communities living close to the road section from Kantale town and Trincomalee have access to pipe water facilities.
114. All the urban centers located on the road from Habarana to Trincomalee have access to pipe water. Some householders in these urban centers too have not obtained house connections due to economic and other reasons. In other rural areas the communities depend on ground water for domestic use.
115. Electricity Facilities-The communities living in the road section from Kantale to Trincomalee have access to electricity. When the entire road section is considered Habaran town, Moragaswewa, Akbopura and Kantale have access to electricity facilities. Only about 50% of the area in the GN divisions such as Galoya and Singhegama has access to electricity.Some householders have not obtained house connections mainly due to economic and some other reasons. This situation is not observed in the road stretch from Habarana to Kantale. The electricity supply lines are observed in scattered locations (mainly urban centers and some roads such as Agbo-Road). The Habarana urban center has access to electricity. Even then, some temporary shops without electricity connections can be observed.
32 Initial Environmental Examination Report- Rehabilitation of Habarana Trincomalee Road (A006)
116. Telephone Facilities The road section from Kantale town to Tricomalee has telephone facilities. The people living in GN divisions located in rural areas such as Moragaswewa, Akbopura, Galoya & Singhegama do not have access to telephone lines, but nearly 20 – 25% of families use mobile telephones. Some house holders (most) have not obtained connections. In the town centers such as Habarana, Kantale and Trincomalee most of the householders and shop owners living in the areas close to the road have obtained house connections. Most of the rural areas falling in the road influential zone have no access to telephone supply lines.
Existing Bypass Road
117. Infrastructure:
• The Wellington road and the Raja Ela road run are the roads located in the close proximity of this bypass road. • Nearly 90% of the houses have pipe water facility • Almost all the houses have electricity • Nearly 70% of the houses have telephone facilities
118. Other property: the following properties exist. . • Perathuweli muslim school. • Potankotuwa mosque • Kantale Multi Purpose Cooperative shop.
Proposed Bypass Road
119. Infrastructure: No major infrastructure except for few houses will be affected because of the proposed bypass roads as the said road essentially traverses through paddy land and also the road trace could be adjusted to minimise the effect on infrastructure.
3.4.4 Cultural, religious and archaeological considerations
A006 Road
120. Nine religious places are located within the 25m belt adjacent to the edge of ROW. There are no significant archaeological or historical sites located even within the 25m belt. The proposed project will not create any negative impacts on the religious centres existing on the 25m belt located adjacent to the ROW. These religious centres belong to Muslim and Sinhala communities. The details of the religious centres are shown in Table 3.8
33 Initial Environmental Examination Report- Rehabilitation of Habarana Trincomalee Road (A006) Table 3.8 - Religious locations - within the 25m land belt (immediate vicinity of the road)
L/R km (0.0)- Location Habarana L 26.5 Isipathanaramaya – Singhegama L 34.9 Kitulukuwa temple – Kitulukuwa R 41.4 Temple at 85km post, Akbopura R 52 Sri Ratanamangalaramaya – 94, Kantale L 55.4 Sri Shalyaramaya – 94, Kantale L 57.8 Mosque – 95, Mollipothana L 60.7 Sri Agrabodhi Viharaya – Mollipothana L 80.7 Sri Bodhipada Viharaya – Mollipothana L 83.8 Chinabay temple
121. Location of these places have been given in Figure2.1A
Existing bypass road
122. Pomankatuwa mosque and Kantale Welunnarama Raja Maha Vihara are located within this belt. Location of these places have been given in Figure2.1B
34 Initial Environmental Examination Report- Rehabilitation of Habarana Trincomalee Road (A006) Proposed Bypass Road
123. The only religious location affected by the proposed bypass road is the Kovilgama Pullear Kovil. Location of these places have been given in Figure2.1C
3.4.5 Other Sensitive Institutions (Schools, Government Agencies etc.)
A006 Main Road
124. There are no other sensitive locations located within ROW of the road those will have negative impacts due to road improvement. Some commercial and social establishments are located far from the ROW but within the 25m belt adjacent to the ROW. These institutions will have long term positive impacts if the road is improved as planned. There can be short term disturbances to some of these establishments during construction period. According to our discussions with some community leaders and other stakeholders these impacts are not considered as significant negative impacts by all of them with compared to the perceived benefits. The details of the other public places located in the immediate vicinity of the ROW are given in Table 3.9
35 Initial Environmental Examination Report- Rehabilitation of Habarana Trincomalee Road (A006)
Table 3.9 Banks, Schools, and Government & Private institutions
L/R Km (0.0 Institution scale) L 0 Post Office, Habarana L 2.2 Railway Station, Habarana L 14.4 Central Medical Centre, Hataraskotuwa L 14.8 Junior School, Hatareskotuwa L/R 15 Police Station, Hatareskotuwa R 15 Sub-Post Office, Hatareskotuwa L 19.2 Police Station, Mahamorakanda L 24.5 Police Station, Yakawanguwa L/R 25.6 Police Station, Aluthoya L 26.1 Aluthoya School, Singhegama L 26.7 Sub-Post Office, Singhagama L 29.7 Medical Centre, Singehgama L 32.9 Police Station, Galpotta R 36 Police Station, Kitulukuwa L/R 39.8 Ploice Station, Agbopura R 47 Ds Office, Kantale R 49 Central School, Kantale R 59.3 Pradesiya Sabawa, Tambalagamuwa R 59.5 Govijana Square & Muslim High School, Tambalagmuwa L 61.1 Madyama Medical Centre, Mollipotana L 61.2 Slt – National Water Board, Tambalagamuwa L 64.6 Sub-Post Office, Galmatiyawa L 67.6 Veternary Office. Tambalagamuwa R 67.6 Bank Of Ceylon – Tambalagamuwa R 67.8 Ds Office, Tambalagamuwa L 69.6 Police Station, Jayapura L 70.4 Police Station, Singhekanda R 76 Army Camp, 6th Mile Post L 78.4 Aryvedic Hospital, 6th Mile Post R 78.7 Police Station, Saddhapura R 82.2 National Water Drainage Board, Trincomalee R 82.4 Kener International Office, Trincomalee R 83.5 Samurdhi Bank, Singhpura R 83.7 Army Camp, Singhapura
Location of these places have been given in Figures 2.1 A.
Existing bypass Road
125. Other sensitive service institutions located in the close proximity of the road are mentioned in the following table.
36 Initial Environmental Examination Report- Rehabilitation of Habarana Trincomalee Road (A006) Table 3.10: Other sensitive Institution and places:
L/R KM Common Places & Property Point R 0 Agriculture Research Institution – Kantale L 0 Assistant Director - Agriculture Office R 0.2 Seed farm , Godawil, Kantale L 2.5 Muslim Central school in Perathuweli L 2.9 Portankotuwa Mosque R 3.5 Pradesitya Sabha, Kantale R 3.6 Cooperative shop in Kantale L 4 Kantale, Weluwanarama Raja Maha Viharaya L 4.1 Agrabodhi Vidyalaya, Kantale R 4.3 Police Station, Kantale L 4.3 Peoples Bank, Kantale R 4.9 Bank of Ceylon, Kantale R 5 Educational Zonal Office, Kantale R 5.2 CEB sub office, Kantale R 5.3 RDA Sub Office, Kantale R 5.5 DS Office, Kantale
Location of these places have been given in Figures 2.1 B.
37 Initial Environmental Examination Report- Rehabilitation of Habarana Trincomalee Road (A006) Proposed Bypass Road
Table 3.11 - Other sensitive Institution and places
L/R KM Common Places & Property Point L 0.1 Seed Research Center – Office & Quarters
Location of these places have been given in Figures 2.1 C.
3.5 Resettlement Sites
For A006 Road and Bypass Roads
126. No resettlement sites have been proposed for the affected parties on account of the proposed rehabilitation. According to RDA ex-gratia Package for Resettlement which is based on National Involuntary Resettlement Policy (NIRP) compensation will be paid for loss of property. More details are presented under section 6.6 regarding RDA ex- gratia compensation package. To comply with the ADB’s safeguard policy, the resettlement plan is now also being prepared.
38 Initial Environmental Examination Report- Rehabilitation of Habarana Trincomalee Road (A006) Photographs of A006 Road
39 Initial Environmental Examination Report- Rehabilitation of Habarana Trincomalee Road (A006) Photographs of the Proposed Bypass Road
40 Initial Environmental Examination Report- Rehabilitation of Habarana Trincomalee Road (A006)
4 SCREENING OF POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES
For A006 Road Including Existing and Proposed Bypass
4.1 Screening Potential Environmental Impacts- Construction Phase (A006 Road)
4.1.1 Excessive erosion/sediment runoff from cut-and fill areas.
127. The road rehabilitation will include the following items.
• Filling of the road shoulders in some areas in order to widen the road embankment. • Removal of existing culverts (pipes etc.) cutting trenches and replacement by new pipes or boxes. • Backfilling of the culvert structures, near side drain etc. • Excavation and temporary piling of earth for side drains and fills. • Excavations of the upstream & leadaway paths of the drainage crossings to avoid water stagnation.
128. All these activities could cause temporary erosion & siltation if uncompacted earth surfaces are left exposed and the construction activities are carried out during the rainy season. The sediment could drift away and get silted up in the side drains and the adjoining streams.
4.1.2 Effects to water ways, drains and adjacent lands.
129. There are several waterways which cross this road (See Figure 3.2A, 3.2B & 3.2C.) and it was observed that most of these streams operate well without river bank erosion or siltation problems. As stated above if the denuded earth surface of the road surface or the temporary piles of earth are kept temporarily exposed then sediment could deposited in these waterways. When bridges are constructed coffer damming will become a necessity and coffer damming could retard the water in the streams and also river banks could overflow because of they constrictions created by coffer damming. During the construction, without careful planning on relocate the flow of the water, it could cause local flooding. In addition, the water will contains more suspended solid due to construction works.
4.1.3 Impacts due to land clearing, filling, excavation, earth moving and dumping of unwanted materials etc.
130. The construction activities such as land clearing, filling and excavation will create temporary negative impacts such as dust emanation, enhanced noise on the communities living in for urban and semi-urban centres. ( Habarana, Kantale, Tambalagamuwa ,
41 Initial Environmental Examination Report- Rehabilitation of Habarana Trincomalee Road (A006) Mollipothana and Trincomalee). In other areas the road runs through rural or forestry environment where scattered located houses are found far from the edge of the road. Therefore there will not be significant negative impact on the communities living in rural areas.
131. The construction activities carried out in-front of sensitive locations such as temples schools army camps may create temporary negative impacts such as traffic jams, increase noise, access difficulties, and roadside accidents on the uses of such public places.
4.1.4 Impacts due to extraction and transportation of construction materials
132. Transportation of materials from extraction sites to the construction sites may damage the roads in the extraction areas.
133. Though impacts due to extraction of materials are site specific they will cause problems to the communities living close to such areas. Borrow pits may collect water and will become breeding grounds for disease spreading vectors as mosquitoes, such sites cause visual segregation, the dust, noise and vibration form such sites may cause health problems to the people living close to such sites.
4.1.5 Impacts due to Noise, vibration and dust emissions
134. Operation of heavy machinery could create noise & vibration. According to the National Environmental Noise Control Regulations 1996 (924/12) Schedule I the area belongs to “Medium Noise Area”
135. According to present noise legislation (24/12- Schedule IV), maximum permissible noise levels at boundaries of the land in which the construction activities are undertaken are stipulated in decibels (db) as;
Rural Residential Area 55(day) 45(night) Urban Residential Area 60(day) 50(night) Noise Sensitive Area 50(day) 45(night) Mixed Residential 63(day) 55(night)
Note: daytime (defined as 6.00 am – 7.00 pm) and night time (from 7.00 pm – 6.00 am on the following day),
136. The road segment from Habarana to Tricomalee represents all of these categories at different segments.
42 Initial Environmental Examination Report- Rehabilitation of Habarana Trincomalee Road (A006) 137. Table 4.1 Sample of noise levels of various construction equipment and machinery at a distance of 7 m.
Table 4.1: Noise levels of construction equipment Equipment Noise level at 7 m in dB(A) Crow bar 115 Compressor 109 Truck, scraper or grader 94 Pneumatic drill 85 Excavator 112 Loader 112 Roller vibrator 108 Poke vibrator 113 Sound reduced jack hammers and lock drills 82 Source: Southern Expressway Supplementary Environmental Assessment- University of Moratuwa
138. Therefore in view of the values given in Table 4.1, the noise levels generated from the machinery involved in construction works could disturb nearby communities since the noise levels generated tend to exceed the permissible day time and night time limits stipulated for construction activities. These noise levels will also significantly impact fauna in the forest reserves.
4.1.6 Impacts on existing road structures (bridges culverts etc.)
139. Most of the culverts and minor bridges will be replaced with a wider span. Some bridges if not demolished will have to be widened and such widening will not cause significant impacts on the structure if proper structural measures are adopted.
140. According to the construction drawings the following culverts have been earmarked for demolition & reconstruction.
Table 4.2 – Details of Bridge Structures to be Demolished& Reconstructed. – A006 Road Chainage km Structure Proposed Proposed Improvements Designation Dimensions (m) 0+520.4 114/2 2/3.5x2.5 Replace with twin box bridge 4+598.6 118/3 2/3.5x3.0 Replace with twin box bridge 5+379.4 119/2 2/3.5x4.0 Replace with twin box bridge 5+647.0 119/3 2/3.5x4.0 Replace with twin box bridge 13+241.6 127/1 2/3.5x2.5 Replace with twin box bridge 15+500.2 129/1 2/3.5x4.0 Replace with twin box bridge 18+155.1 132/2 2/3.5x4.5 Replace with twin box bridge 15+992.5 129/4 Span 12.6 Reconstruct 18+204.3 132/3 2/3.5x5.0 Replace with twin box bridge 20+031.4 133/5 Span 12.6 Replace with twin box bridge 56+800 169/2 N/A Widening recommended** 61+200 173/5 N/A Widening recommended** ** - Recommendations by IEE Team as Feasibility reports and detailed designs are only available from Habarana- Kantale only. N/A= not available
43 Initial Environmental Examination Report- Rehabilitation of Habarana Trincomalee Road (A006)
4.1.7 Impacts on other infrastructure facilities (Water, electricity and telecommunication )
141. The rehabilitation activities of the road will impact the existing utilities such as water mains/ distribution lines, telecommunication & electricity lines which are mainly in semi urban areas.
142. An electricity pool is located very close to ROW ( at 151+700km) and might need shifting
143. Construction drawings have been prepared showing some of the visible utilities such as light & telecommunication posts. The main impact which could affect these utilities are the accidental damage caused to them while construction operation is in progress. However this impact could be well mitigated.
144. There are few tube wells which have been located very close to the road edge and some of these tube wells and in turn the water user stakeholders may get affected. Location of the tube wells along A006 Road is indicated in Figure 3.2A
4.1.8 Ecological impacts
General Impacts on A006 and Bypass Roads
145. A considerable number of elephants habitats are located in the nearby area along the road area and there are also some elephant crossings through this road section. Therefore, without careful plan, construction activities could disturb the migration activities of the elephants and their behaviour.
146. Different species of trees observed on either side of the road close to the road edges. Most of these trees are valuable timber species and majority of these trees should be cut and removed as a part of road improvement. It should be noted that no trees in the forest reserves or sanctuaries have to be removed and all the trees removed are within the existing ROW even in the road segments within these wildlife reserves. Most of the trees on either side of the road in the residential areas have to me removed mainly.
147. The road construction activities will be carried out only during the dry season. During the rainy season large number of Mollusks, Amphibians and Reptiles cross the road (through bridges and culverts) between different habitats especially from paddy fields, perennial tanks and irrigation canals. If it is not possible to maintain natural flow paths during the construction period there is a tendency to cross over the road. Hence impact on above species will increase. Reptiles could cross the road during dry season and they are vulnerable to the construction equipment. The reptiles which frequently cross the road are Varanus salkvator ( Water Monitor), Calotes calotes ( Green Garden Lizard) , Geochelone elegans ( Star Tortise) on very very rare occasions Phython molurus- a nationally threatened reptile( Indian Phython) could cross the road during day
44 Initial Environmental Examination Report- Rehabilitation of Habarana Trincomalee Road (A006) time. During the night time many nocturnal reptiles could cross the road however there will not be any construction activities during the night time to impact these nocturnal reptiles. However non of these reptiles are classifies as rare or globally threatened species according to the IUCN Red book.
148. Each phase of the construction i.e. cutting, digging, flattening and filling of embankment could damage to the habitat of some of snakes and other reptiles. During the rainy season some loose soil materials, rocks, rubbles and cement can inevitably enter the water bodies and paddy fields. This might lead to increased turbidity and siltation of the above habitats adversely effecting on the aquatic flora and fauna.
A006 Main Road
149. Possible Impact on the ecosystems: The identified section of the road is going mainly through undeveloped agricultural and some forested areas. Most of the lands including shrubs, natural and cultivated forests have been cleared beside the road about 35- 75 meters for the security reasons. Therefore considerable amount of the land area beside the road have been disturbed by the clearing. Fauna and flora recorded during the study comprise mostly of common species. Endemic and threatened species recorded during the study are not restricted to the project affected area. Direct impacts related to the present bio diversity (including endemic and threatened species) and the human habitats due to construction activities are minimum.
150. Loss of important trees along the road sides: During the study 268 trees (over 30cm DBH) belongs to 38 species were recorded less than 3 meters away from the road edges. Out of these 42 % were valuable dry zone species (Kohomba 37, Milla 32, Buruta 30 and Palu 16). From the total recorded trees more than 50% should be removal for the proposed widening.
Existing Bypass Road
151. As the existing bypass road traverses through paddy areas and urban segment of Kantale town and the widening is limited to 6m only few economically important trees more than 30cm “Diameter at Breast Height” (DBH) have to be removed. There are no important faunal species which could be affected owing to road rehabilitation.
Proposed Bypass Road
152. As for fauna no important faunal species are affected. However there is a gang of peacocks which seasonally inhabit this area. There will not be any serious impact on them as they are highly mobile avifauna and the areas that will be disturbed by road construction are limited and cofined.
45 Initial Environmental Examination Report- Rehabilitation of Habarana Trincomalee Road (A006) 4.1.9 Social impacts
153. Impacts caused by Cutting road edges for expansion – The portions of 14 houses will be affected. About 123 business centres also have negative impacts. (21 may have to be completely removed, 102 will have partial impact). About 12 parapet walls and 32 gates will have to be demolished. The portions of the houses to be removed due to road construction are as follows:
154. Out of 14 houses partially affected 13 are permanent buildings while 1 is a temporary structure. Out of total affected business centers 83 buildings are permanent and 40 are temporary. Only 1 structure is permanent of the completely affected buildings (business centers). All others are temporary structures.
155. The percentage of the structures of business centres those would have to be demolished are as follows:
Table 4.3- Percentage of structures to be demolished – A006 Road
Nature of business 25% to be 50% to be Completely structure demolished demolished demolished permanent 55 27 1 Temporary 2 18 20 Total 57 45 21
156. The level of the affectedness should be stated, e.g. % of houses where 25% of land or structure is affected, % of houses where 50% of land or structure is affected. if not it will be assumed that all 206 houses are affected to the same level or it may be considered that all these houses will be totally demolished. Such a break down is given for the business structures, walls and fences else where in the report.
157. Impacts caused by Gravel and Other Construction Material Transportation – The gravel transportation will create additional traffic congestion of the road sections falling under four town centres Habarana, Kantale, Tambalagamuwa and Trincomalee. In other areas the road run across rural environment and therefore gravel transportation will not be a serious problem. Nevertheless, the transportation of soil and other materials for establishment of embankment, and to raise the embankment will cause an increase of dust and will affected communities, and sensitive locations such as temples, schools, and other social infrastructures. In addition, transporting of spoiled materials could also generate similar impacts.
158. Impacts on Solid Waste Disposal from Labour Camps – Since most of the section of the road run across less populated areas adequate land for labour camps and close by dumping solid waste material could be found. If the solid waste is dumped in town centres such as Habarana, Kantale & Tincomalee it may create environmental problems such as water congestion and the water congested areas will create mosquito problems. If the waste materials are dumped in front of public locations such as schools
46 Initial Environmental Examination Report- Rehabilitation of Habarana Trincomalee Road (A006) and temples located near the road will create negative impact on the users of such public places.
159. Noise pollution and dust emissions – Similar to other constructions impact, noise pollution & dust emission will be a significant problem of the section of the road fall within four town centres. The construction sites located in-front of public places such as schools and temples mentioned in the report will create noise and dust related problems to the users of such public locations.
160. The most important adverse impact the dust will cause is the respiratory problems to the community living in the construction areas, workers and the communities close to material extraction sites, along material transportation routes
4.1.10 Land Use Impacts (Loss of paddy, coconut, rubber lands and other crops and loss of production.
161. As indicated under the ecological impacts some trees will be lost. In most of the areas in the forest reserves a large belt of scrub forest has already been cleared for security reasons and only grass cover remains now. Few paddy lands may have to be filled and this will impact the paddy lands. Few slightly high ground cuts have to be performed (e.g. in 136+400,137+500, 148+200 km as the road will pass through the heels of hills. Other than the impacts cited above no major land use impacts are anticipated.
4.1.11 Impacts due to migration and settlements of temporary workers (Labour camps, spoil disposal etc.)
162. Setting up labour camps on the proposed road will not be a problem due to less populated sections of the road. This may be a problem only in the four urban centres even within the urban centres such as Habarana, Kantale and Tambalagamuwa adequate land can be found to set up labour camps.
163. Though there are opportunities to find suitable locations to set-up labour camps problems can occur is such camps are not properly established and managed. Therefore migrant labour could give rise to communal diseases and various other social problems. Unhygienic labour camps can cause diseases to the labourers and the improper solid waste disposal may contaminate near by water bodies, streams etc. Security concerns are also prominent in establishing labour camps. If labour camps are established close to the forest reserves there will be tendency for poaching and engage in illicit tree felling activities.
4.1.12 Societal Implications
164. General
- Total number of families affected – 137 (fourteen houses and 123 business locations)
47 Initial Environmental Examination Report- Rehabilitation of Habarana Trincomalee Road (A006) - Public utilities fall under the 25m reservation line may have some disturbances (9 religious places, 34 other institutions delivering public services)
The Implications on the livelihoods of people (ROW)
165. Owners of the business centres are the directly affected communities in terms of livelihoods. The 123 places of business do get affected in two ways.
• Demolition of the structure (21 structures to be fully demolished, 102 partially demolished) Out of 21 completely affected business centers only 1 is permanent while other 20 are temporary structures
• Loss of income for business centres during the period in which business is closed for the re-establishment of the affected structures.
166. Since there are no factories or any other large scale industries located within the ROW or in the close proximity of the road, there will not be impact on such economic activities.
167. Except 21 business centres those may need to be fully demolished all other houses as well as business centres will have to be partially removed. Both fully demolished and the partially demolished building structures can be re-established in the same land where they presently exist. There may be few exceptions those will need to be identified during the detailed resettlement survey.
The number of affected families in A006 Road
168. Parts of 14 houses will be affected due to expansion of the existing road width. The following are the observations made during walk through surveys.
• No single house will have to be completely demolished
• Number of houses in those about ½ of the structure to be removed - 03, Number of houses in those about ¼ of the structure to be removed – 11
• total of number of houses affected - 14 Five of fourteen are permanent houses and one is a temporary house.
169. Further details of affected houses such as where they are located exactly on the road (left or right side of the road and also on which km point) and the type of them etc are explained in Annex 3.3. All these affected houses can be rehabilitated in the existing locations because all the householders have adequate land space in the home garden.
The number of affected families in existing bypass road
48 Initial Environmental Examination Report- Rehabilitation of Habarana Trincomalee Road (A006)
Houses & families 170. About 25% of the structures of the seven houses belong to seven families need to be demolished if the road is widen. These affected structures can be rehabilitated in the same locations and therefore resettlement will not be an issue of this project.
Business centres 171. There are no business centres those will be completely affected. About 200 business centres will have negative impacts as describe below:
• About 25% of the building of 193 centres • About half of the buildings in 7 centres ( four permanents and three temporary structures
The number of affected families in proposed bypass road
172. The short first segment of by-pass proposed to avoid tank spillway should run across the spillway canal. Two houses may be affected (one in the Habarana side and the other at other tail end – Kantale end). In all other locations it can go through the secondary forest where some trees to be removed. It seems that the land area that may be required for the project belong to the government.
173. In the first segment of the bypass near the spillway of Kantale tank one house at the beginning and one house at the end will get affected and the rest of the road generally traverses through secondary forest.
174. In the second segment about 2 houses at the beginning of the by pass and about 7 houses at the end segment of the bypass near Kovilgama will be affected.
4.2 Screening Potential Environmental Impacts -Operational Impacts ( A006 Road) 175. Most of the operational impacts are common to any road after rehabilitation. The following operational impacts are possible for this road.
Negative Impacts • Creation of potholes etc. on the road surface & resulting traffic & social problems. • Road inundation overflow of side drains etc. because of poor drainage especially in semi urban areas. • Clogging of culverts & side drains by sediment & other debris. • Enhanced noise owing to increased traffic density. ** • Increased emission of obnoxious fumes due to increased traffic growth. **
**- Table 7.3 of Ref 5 gives 3.54% & 2.66% of traffic growth for the horizons 2005-2015 & 2015 -2025.
49 Initial Environmental Examination Report- Rehabilitation of Habarana Trincomalee Road (A006) Positive Impacts
• Smooth traffic flow and short travel time. • Increase of traffic density carrying more passengers. • Reduction of roadside accidents with enhanced ROW, traffic signs etc. • Reduction of noise due to reduced traffic conditions & low engine idle time • Reduction of vehicle emissions due to reduced traffic conditions & low engine idle time • Fast linkage between the commercial establishments of Trincomalee to other cities.
4.3 Screening Potential Impacts – Construction Impacts(Existing Bypass Road)
176. There will not be resettlement or complete demolishing of any building those are used by the communities. The following impacts are perceived by the stakeholders and also observed by the study team.
• There may be some disturbances to the two irrigation canals running across this road ( canal running towards Tambalagamuwa and also the canal providing water to Portankatuwa paddy field) • There will be some temporary disturbance to the Kantale Urban centre (dust, noise and other traffic problems). • The parts of seven houses – dwellers will get affected. • The parts of 200 business centres- dwellers and consumers will get affected. . • Temporary impact on pipe water distribution, electricity lines and telecommunication lines. • The income of 200 business centres will have direct impact during the construction period. • The Kantale Peoples bank and the Bank of Ceylon may have some disturbances due to dust & noise during construction period.
4.4 Screening Potential Impacts – Construction Impacts (Existing Bypass Road)
177. The environmental impacts on the existing bypass are in general similar to that of the A006 Road. The possible impacts identified for the existing bypass road are;
(1) Impacts on nearby paddy areas because of limited earth filling to obtain the extra ROW. (2) Removal of few sporadic trees within ROW. (3) Impacts on irrigation channels running by the road side because of filling, metalling and tarring activities. (4) Dust, noise & vibration impacts on the residents of Kantale town. (5) Traffic congestion during construction especially when long heavy containers travel. (6) Impacts on schools , mosques and government offices.
50 Initial Environmental Examination Report- Rehabilitation of Habarana Trincomalee Road (A006) 4.5 Screening Potential Impacts – Construction Impacts(Proposed Bypass Road)
4.5.1 Impact on Irrigation and Paddy Cultivation
178. The ROW area of the proposed road stretch will require about 7 ha of irrigated and highland. In few irrigated land plots houses have been established by farmers as residences. Apart from this the Irrigation canal network (especially two main distributary canals) will have some impact (negative).
4.5.2 Impact on the Society
179. No major impacts on the society could be anticipated as only few houses and portions of existing paddy land are affected by the proposed bypass road.
4.6 Mitigation Measures – Construction Impacts (A006 Road)
4.6.1 Excessive erosion/sediment runoff from cut-and fill areas.
180. Following measures should be adopted to mitigate the impact of erosion siltation & run off:
• Construction activities should be carried out during non rainy days. It is better to avoid heavy rainfall months such as November and December. • All temporary soil dumps should be removed from site to a suitable disposal place. • If temporary soil dumps are left at the site for a long time those dumps should be covered with thick polythene sheet. • All fills & back fills should be compacted immediately to reach the specified degree of compaction. • Slopes of the fills especially the sections close to the edges should be compacted well as these sections are susceptible to erosion. • Suitable local drainage measures should be established to properly drain the water in the construction area to the nearby water way. • Establishment of a suitable mulch to cover the slopes of fills • Paddy area filling should be done systematically layer by layer after compacting each layer to avoid eroded materials falling into paddy fields. • Necessary slopes and drainage provisions should be provided for hillside road cuts. • Use of silt traps
4.6.2 Effects to water ways, drains and adjacent lands. 181. The following mitigation measures will be implemented: • Construction of the side drains should be carried out first so that the water collected on the road surface in the construction area could be lead to the nearest waterway through the side drains.
51 Initial Environmental Examination Report- Rehabilitation of Habarana Trincomalee Road (A006) • The upstream and lead-away channels of the bridge and culvert structures should be cleaned in order to conduct the water smoothly to the downstream to avoid drainage congestion. • Detailed drainage studies for the road crossings should be done to check the adequacy of the opening size and proper opening sizes should be adopted when drainage structures are demolished and reconstructed. • It is pertinent to adopt 1m x1m as the minimum box culvert opening size. For pipe culverts minimum pipe diameter should be at least 900mm so that maintenance of these structures becomes easy. • When constructing the bridges and culverts the RDA will adopt the “Bridge design manual of RDA” which specifies bridges to be constructed using data of 100 year flood return period and for culverts a 50 year return period • During the re-construction or improvement of the existing bridge, all the preparation of work should be done outside the water bodies. If any work needs to be done in the river itself, the work should be confined and the settling areas should be provided to avoid increasing turbidity in the river • No storage materials, and also temporary camps allow to be placed nearby the water-bodies • No spoiled materials both from construction works or other activities dispose into water bodies
52 Initial Environmental Examination Report- Rehabilitation of Habarana Trincomalee Road (A006)
4.6.3 Impacts due to land clearing
182. The following environmental mitigation measures will be implemented to minimize and avoid impacts from filling, excavation, earth moving and dumping of unwanted materials :
• Land clearing work such as demolition in semi urban areas should be carried out after consultation of the stakeholders who reside near to the demolition activities so that public inconvenience could be mitigated.
• Necessary traffic signs, warning signs barricades, traffic controlling men etc. should be used to minimise traffic congestion during such clearing operations especially in the urban centres. Police, Army and other security personnel should be consulted in this regard.
• Fills should be properly compacted according to the specifications
• Proper coordination should be established with the relevant line agencies such as local police, Trincomalee Municipal Council and other Pradesiya Sabas in Habarana, Kekirawa, Higurakgoda Kantale and Tambalagamuwa when clearing operations are implemented.
• Proper advance notices should be issued to public, the security establishment and the local authority before commencement of clearing operations.
183. Necessary contractual stipulations should be included in the contract documents so as to compel the contractors to implement such measures.
4.6.4 Impacts due to extraction and transportation of construction materials (sand, soil and Metal etc.)
184. As the materials will obtained from the approved sites the conditions set out in the permits should be adhere to.
• All construction material should be obtained from legal material extraction sites (e.g Environmental Protection Licences etc. ) • Proper safety measures such as warnings, safety nets etc. should be adopted in case of blasting. There should be third part insurance cover. • Isolated water pools should not be left leaving water stagnation which will breed mosquitoes. Materials should be removed allowing drainage of water.
185. Dust emanation could be minimised by sprinkling water on dust surface.
186. Due care should be exercised in transporting materials. All materials should be covered during transportation to avoid spillage & dust emanation. Water sprinkling
53 Initial Environmental Examination Report- Rehabilitation of Habarana Trincomalee Road (A006) should be undertaken continuously on the road surfaces in the rehabilitated road surface to avoid dust clouding.
187. Earth should be transported without spilling earth to the road surface. Proper covers should be used to avoid such soil spillage.
4.6.5 Impacts due to Noise, vibration and dust emissions
188. The road predominately belongs to rural areas the noise levels are very low, the construction activities could aggravate the noise levels from the present low levels. The noise impact created by the construction equipment is temporary & reversible. Use of quality equipment, servicing the equipment regularly and use of sound buffers could further reduce the noise created by the construction equipment.
189. No high noise should be created in the forest reserves especially during the dusk and night time as most of the nocturnal creatures are active. Officers of the Department of Wildlife should be consulted to identify the locations of animal habitats and trials across the road. Some such locations have also been identified and marked in Figure 3.3.
190. The mitigatory measure for dust emissions are as follows;
• Transported earth should not be spilled onto the road surface • Earth fills should be watered and compacted promptly without keeping loose earth. • Continual sprinkling of water should be undertaken especially in semi urban areas. As the road is constantly manned by the security personnel irrespective of the location dust will inconvenience their carrying out the security checks. Therefore the said dust control measures should be strictly observed everywhere.
4.6.6 Impacts on existing structures such as bridges, culverts
191. Coffer damming for bridges should be done after an evaluation of the flood discharge in the stream and the height and orientation of the coffer dams should be determined after studying the nature of the river cross section, induced flood heights during at least a 50 year flood etc.
192. Use of RDA “Bridge design manual” which specify the use of 100 year flood return periods for bridge design and 50 year return period for culvert designs
193. Proper hydrological & drainage studies should be carried out and the side drain sizes, culvert opening sizes etc. should be fixed based on the standard hydraulic computations. Larger box culverts (1m x 1m minimum) and larger pipe culverts (900mm diameter minimum) should be adopted for easy maintenance.
54 Initial Environmental Examination Report- Rehabilitation of Habarana Trincomalee Road (A006)
4.6.7 Impacts on other infrastructure facilities (water, electricity and telecommunication)
194. This is a very important item especially for town areas. Before construction commences proper utility surveys should be undertaken with the respective line agencies such as NWS&DB, CEB, SLT etc. in order to identify the affected utilities and their locations (overhead or underground).
195. Prior utility relocation arrangements should be obtained from these organisations. All utilities should be relocated under the strict supervision of these organisations. Normally when these organisations are paid for the necessary relocations they affect the necessary changes. There should be sufficient funds available for utility relocation. No work should be started without taking the actions given above. However under this road rehabilitation utility shifting seems to be very minimal.
196. All the machine operators should be briefed regarding the possible utility damages. All utility plans should be shown to the machine operators so that they have an idea of the locations of the utilities to avoid possible damage.
197. The impacts on tube wells could only be mitigated if new tube wells are constructed away from ROW to penetrate the same aquifer. Fresh groundwater investigations will become necessary.
198. Due care should be exercise regarding the utilities such as electricity; telecommunication lines water mains etc. especially in semi urban areas. Organisations concerned such as NWS&DB, CEB, Sri Lanka Telecom should be consulted in this regard. Skilled machine operators, labourers should be deployed in utility ridden areas. Before the construction activities the site should be properly inspected and the utility position should be marked.
4.6.8 Ecological impacts
A006 Road and Existing Bypass
199. It is recommended that each phase of the construction i.e. cutting, digging, flattening and filling of road be properly monitored to ensure least damage to the existing environment. During the construction period some loose soil material, rocks, rubble and cement can inevitably enter the low laying areas. This might lead to increased turbidity and siltation of the water bodies and will be adversely effecting on the aquatic floral and faunal species.
200. Use of erosion control measures and proper drainage system to the construction sites avoid stagnation of water holes, sedimentation and soil erosion. Further consideration of weather condition is very important when particular construction activities such as cut operations are undertaken.
55 Initial Environmental Examination Report- Rehabilitation of Habarana Trincomalee Road (A006) 201. Construction activities close to the forest reserve and sanctuaries should be done according to the flora and fauna protection ordinance and the instructions of wild life department. In addition construction work should be restricted only during the day time to avoid or minimize continuous disturbance to the animals. Selection of materials storage sites, vehicle parking places and labour camps should be located away from the forest reserve, The soil or rock piles could become a physical barrier to wild life movement. No flashlights should be used during the night time in these areas. No tar barrels, burnt or burning logs or any type of fires should not be left to night time.
202. For the road section where the elephant crossings are located, the contractor during the month of August needs to work carefully. Avoid any work that creates noise during the time where the elephant crossing takes place. Contractor needs to consult with the local rangers prior commencing the civil work activities in these particular sections of the road, to avoid disturbance to elephant movement.
203. Animal poaching in the forest reserves could be minimised by strict supervision of the labour force. No night work should be allowed. Officers of the Department of Wildlife Conservation should be informed of the work schedules so that they could exercise their own supervision.
204. Locations of the trees in ROW is available for A006 Road from Habarana to Kantale ( 113+000km-158+500) . However no such detailed designs are available from Kantale to Trincomalee (158+500km- 199+000kn) and for the existing bypass road and proposed bypass roads. According to the detailed design drawings 87 trees on left side and 95 trees on right side have to be removed. According to the physical tree count from Kantale to Tricomalee approximately 90 trees have to be removed. Detailed number of trees to be removed in this section could be obtained once the detailed designs are finalised for this section.
205. Tree survey is highly recommended to identify exact number of removal trees located either side of the road. During the construction cutting trees should be minimized. If it is extremely necessary to removal trees it is recommended to plant fast-growing species after the construction work based on climatic conditions of the area. Planting of trees are very important as erosion control barriers, alternative for the removal of trees and important to enhance aesthetic value of the road.
206. Forest Department has set out specific mitigatory measures for road development projects and the measures relevant to the project includes to adopt soil conservation measures such as green cover in road embankment, assign State Timber Corporation to remove trees etc. Refer Annex 4.1 for details.
Proposed Bypass 207. No endemic or threatened floral or faunal species found in the 400m corridor of the proposed bypass. Trace should be finalised to create minimum impacts to flora. Detailed plan of the road corridor earmarked for the proposed bypass should be prepared showing the existing tree locations. This will help to lay the trace to reduce the number of trees affected. As this is predominantly a paddy area it is not practical to replant large trees by the roadside.
56 Initial Environmental Examination Report- Rehabilitation of Habarana Trincomalee Road (A006) 4.6.9 Social impacts
208. When the compensations are paid it is necessary that a lump sum is paid without paying instalments. It is recommended to complete paying compensation for the damages prior to six months before construction begins. It is necessary to inform the stakeholders the exact amounts of the compensation to be paid to their affected property. This helps the removal of the affected parts of the buildings systematically in such a way that it does not cause damage to the other parts of the structures as what would occur if it is done hastily. (eg. cracking walls etc). All demolished parapet walls should be rebuild at suitable places after road widening. . 209. Construction of safety barriers/walls at hazardous points near residential areas and shops. Schools and employing traffic controlling men, sprinkling of water to reduce dust emanation, proper coordination between the contractor/RDA and affected parties through Grama Niladaris etc. are also essential to mitigate social impacts.
4.6.10 Land Use Impacts
210. As described there could be removal of trees, grass cover, filling of paddy areas which will cause some land use impacts. The following mitigatory measures are suggested.
• Replanting of trees ( fast growing endemic types ) to replace the removed trees. • Turf the road fill sections to retrieve the grass cover as far as possible. • Pay compensation to affected farmers who lose part of their paddy land.
4.6.11 Relocation Impacts
211. There will not be relocation of the families in this project. Even the 21 business centres to be completely demolished can be re-established in the same premises. However affected 137, families should be given due compensation according to the impact on their properties. The natures of compensation to be paid are as follows:
• Damaged houses – cash payment to rehabilitate the damaged portion. • Damaged business centres – same principle as above • Displaced livelihood activities – the affected business people should be paid compensation in cash (amount equivalent to the potential income during the closures of the business due to negative impact).
212. A proper institutional mechanism must be established with the involvement of local officials such as GNs to implement compensation program. A mechanism should be created to take-up grievances of the affected persons.
57 Initial Environmental Examination Report- Rehabilitation of Habarana Trincomalee Road (A006) 4.6.12 Impacts due to migration and settlements of temporary workers (Labour camps, spoil disposal etc.)
213. Careful monitoring & labour supervision is required to alleviate potential conflicts between migatory labour and the local communities. Proper facilities such as toilets, bathing & solid waste disposal facilities (arrangements should be made with Trincomalee Municipal Council and Pradesiya sabhas in Kekirawa, Hingurakgoda, Kantale and Tambalagamuwa) should be provided. There should be awareness programms for the labourers. Possibilities should be explored to provide employment opportunities for local communities in the construction sites. Advice of the security establishment should be obtained in setting up of labour camps in security zones. There should be strict labour supervision. No workers should be recruited who cannot establish their identity properly. Assistance from the security establishment should be obtained in managing the workforce.
58 Initial Environmental Examination Report- Rehabilitation of Habarana Trincomalee Road (A006)
4.6.13 Drainage Management
214. When the road project drainage is taken into account drainage issues come in several domains.
1. Cross drainage of the road ( bridges & culverts) 2. Longitudinal drainage of the road surface ( side drains) 3. Road inundation owing to overflow of side drains and other minor & medium streams crossed.( in semi urban areas)
215. A comprehensive drainage management plan for this road has to be formulated before the construction stage. The following key items must be included in the drainage management plan.
• Collection of hydrological data such as rainfall intensity frequency duration curves for the road trace area. • Identification of all cross drainage outlets & relevant structure along the road. Their dimensions & structural status should be noted. • Delineation of catchments areas of the drainage outlets ( 1:10,000 maps could be used for this purpose) • Identify road inundation areas if any. ( the areas which are inundated owing to inadequate cross or longitudinal drainage) • Design the longitudinal & side drainage opening sizes to suitable drainage standard( 100 year return period for major bridges, 50 Year return period for minor bridges, 10 year return period for minor & medium culverts & 5 year return period for side drains) • Liaise with the relevant line agencies such as Irrigation Department, Local authority.
216. The final drainage management plan should come as a comprehensive set of plans showing the new opening sizes for the proposed structures, and necessary drainage layouts.
217. A general drainage map showing the encompassed catchment areas, major streams, side drainage paths, are presented in Figure 3.2A, 3.2B and 3.2C.
59 Initial Environmental Examination Report- Rehabilitation of Habarana Trincomalee Road (A006)
4.7 Mitigatory Measures for Operational Impacts (A006)
Note: Mitigatory measured are required, therefore suggested only for negative impacts.
218. Creation of potholes etc. on the road surface & resulting traffic & social problems.- The problem could be minimised if good construction methods are adopted. Maintenance facilities should be ready with RDA at the operational stage.
219. Road inundation overflow of side drains etc. because of poor maintenance of drainage structures.- There should be a recurrent maintenance programme for cleaning clogged culverts etc. There should be awareness programmes at the national level such as recent banning of polythene which could cause drainage congestion
220. Clogging of culverts & side drains by sediment & other debris. - The culvert designs should be undertaken to minimise sediment deposition, the minimum culvert sizes should be maintained as stated above, recurrent maintenance programmes should be affected.
221. Noise levels owing to increase traffic density. - These impacts should be mitigated at the national level & these cannot be mitigated within the sole ambit of the road development. Continual noise level measurements should be carried out to check the noise levels.
222. Increased emission of obnoxious fumes. This impacts should be mitigated at the national level by the enforcement of National Emission Standards & these cannot be mitigated within the sole ambit of this road development project. Vehicle emissions should be continually monitored.
4.8 Mitigation Measures – Construction Impacts (Existing Bypass Road)
4.8.1 Social Impacts 223. • Construction activities may be carried out in such a way to avoid disturbances to the irrigation water flow of two canals running across the road. • Other than heavy containers, all the other vehicles may be diverted though Kantale tank bund road during construction period of this bypass. • Compensation for the owners of seven houses and the 200 business centres to re- established their affected building structures • The 200 business centres may be paid additional cash compensation to recover their income to be foregone during the closure of their business centres for rehabilitation
60 Initial Environmental Examination Report- Rehabilitation of Habarana Trincomalee Road (A006)
4.8.2 Drainage Impacts
224. If the road is further widened attention should be paid to the drainage canals running by the side of the road. Widening should be done on the side where there is no canal. As most of the culverts operate well only extension to those culverts are required.
4.8.3 Ecological Impacts
225. As the road widening is only limited to about 6m which is now available no significant ecological impacts are expected.
4.9 Mitigation Measures for Operational Impacts Existing Bypass Road
Note: Mitigation measured are required, therefore suggested only for negative impacts.
226. Creation of potholes etc. on the road surface & resulting traffic & social problems.- The problem could be minimised if good construction methods are adopted. Maintenance facilities should be ready with RDA at the operational stage. As the road segment runs trough the congested area within the town limits necessary traffic and safety signs should be provided near the rail crossings (two crossings) , town area and the intersections with A006.
227. Road inundation overflow of side drains etc. because of poor maintenance of drainage structures.- There should be a recurrent maintenance programme for cleaning clogged culverts etc. There should be awareness programmes at the national level such as recent banning of polythene which could cause drainage congestion. Maintenance should be carefully affected without disturbing the adjacent paddy area and irrigation channels.
228. Clogging of culverts & side drains by sediment & other debris. - The culvert designs should be undertaken to minimise sediment deposition, the minimum culvert sizes should be maintained as stated above, recurrent maintenance programmes should be affected.
229. Noise levels owing to increase traffic density. - These impacts should be mitigated at the national level & these cannot be mitigated within the sole ambit of the road development. Continual noise level measurements should be carried out to check the noise levels. Noise levels at Kantale town area should be especially monitored.
230. Increased emission of obnoxious fumes. These impacts should be mitigated at the national level by the enforcement of National Emission Standards & these cannot be mitigated within the sole ambit of this road development project. Vehicle emissions should be continually monitored. The impact on the Kantale town are should be especially assessed.
61 Initial Environmental Examination Report- Rehabilitation of Habarana Trincomalee Road (A006) 4.10 Mitigation Measures – Construction Impacts (Proposed Bypass Road)
4.10.1 Social Impacts
231. The most of the negative impacts mentioned in table 3 can be managed with appropriate solutions. The project developer should treat this project as a special case mainly because the project area falls in irrigated land. The farmer leaders are willing to allow the land for the project and also they are willing to volunteer to help the project developer to mobilize the farming communities to support the project and its implementation. The conditions imposed by directly affected two communities (farming and other directly affected parties) are:
• Disclose of all the project related information to them ( design details and the actually affected persons and properties) • Timely completion of project construction activities for farmers to get into their cultivation. • The construction activities of the project may be carried out during off cultivation seasons
The migratory measures like to get implemented by affected parties area summarized in table 4.5.
Table 4.5- The mitigatory measures suggested by the directly affected two parties
Affected party Property affected Solutions expected House owners House and the highland- Compensation according to the homesteads existing market Value, Onsite resettlement is possible but the piece of land acquired also should be compensated according to the current market rate .The fruit trees (and also other timber trees) lost also should be compensated. Farmers of irrigated land Irrigated land and crops The construction activities may be carried out during off cultivation seasons, Pay compensation to the extent of land acquired for the project, if cultivation to be abandoned the income to be forgone should be paid as compensation. The irrigation canal system should be rehabilitated if they are disturbed due to project interventions.
62 Initial Environmental Examination Report- Rehabilitation of Habarana Trincomalee Road (A006) 4.10.2 Drainage Impacts
232. To minimise the drainage impacts adequate number of culvert crossings should be placed on the canal crossings. In addition to these depending on the framer needs drainage crossings should be provided to obtain water to the bisected paddy areas. These drainage crossings should be finalised in collaboration with the Department of Irrigation.
4.10.3 Ecological Impacts
233. The road layout should be finalised to minimise the number of trees affected. A detailed topographic survey of the corridor including the tree locations is necessary.
4.11 Mitigatory Measures for Operational Impacts Proposed Bypass Road 234. Creation of potholes etc. on the road surface, resulting traffic and other social problems.- The problem could be minimised if good construction methods are adopted. Maintenance facilities should be ready with RDA at the operational stage. The road will get easily damaged in the stretches in the existing paddy area because of heavy containers therefore such heavy and frequent loading impacts such as cracking of the road surface and settlements have to be monitored. Necessary traffic and safety signs should be provided in the existing intersections with existing bypass road ( beginning) and A006(end).
235. Road inundation because of poor maintenance of drainage structures. - There should be a recurrent maintenance programme for cleaning clogged culverts etc. Maintenance should be carefully affected without disturbing the adjacent paddy area and irrigation channels as there are many irrigation channel crossings.
236. Clogging of culverts & side drains by sediment & other debris. - The culvert designs should be undertaken to minimise sediment deposition, the minimum culvert sizes should be maintained as stated above, recurrent maintenance programmes should be affected. Flood balancing culverts should be provided in addition to the culvert crossings for irrigation channels, stream paths etc.
237. Noise levels owing to increase traffic density. - These impacts should be mitigated at the national level and cannot be mitigated within the sole ambit of the road development. Continual noise level measurements should be carried out to check the noise levels. Noise levels at close to the intersection with A006 near Kantale town area should be especially monitored.
238. Increased emission of obnoxious fumes. These impacts should be mitigated at the national level by the enforcement of National Emission Standards, and these cannot be mitigated within the sole ambit of this road development project. Vehicle emissions should be continually monitored.
63 Initial Environmental Examination Report- Rehabilitation of Habarana Trincomalee Road (A006)
5 INSTITUTIONAL REQUIREMENTS & ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN/ ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
5.1 General (Salient features of the Monitoring Programme ) 239. The following requirements are addressed in the monitoring plan.
• Impact causing to environmental component ( Physio Chemical, Biotic or Social) • Project Stage ( Baseline/Design, Construction & Operational) • Parameters to be measured or monitored. • Locations • Frequency of Monitoring • Applicable standards • Cost ( Rates) for monitoring • approximate cost for each item • Responsible Agency for Implementation • Supervision agencies
240. Availability of funds, expertise and other facilities is an essential condition for the successful implementation of the monitoring programme. Tentative costs have been indicated for quality tests, instrumentation, experts & travel etc. in the monitoring programme.
5.2 Monitoring Plan
241. Monitoring plan which describes the parameters presented above is given in Annex 5.1. The number of sampling locations could be increased especially during the design stage ,especially for air and water quality; in principle this monitoring plan has included the necessary parameters to be measured
5.3 Responsibility of Authorities in Impact Mitigation & Monitoring
5.3.1 General
242. The RDA will shoulder the overall monitoring and implementation of management plan. Within RDA, the PIU will to carry out routine monitoring programme to ensure that the contractor implement all the requirement in the EMP. In addition the PIU will also responsible to monitor environmental quality as describe in the proposed monitoring plan. The PIU will also responsible to ensure that all CEA’s conditions are implemented. The report on implementing EMP and Monitoring Plan will be submitted to the ESD and other relevant Government Agency (e.g. CEA). The ESD will take a role as independent monitoring within RDA to ensure that the PIU implement all safeguard requirement. At the same time, ESD will also assist PIU to supervise monitoring program. In addition, CEA on coordination with other relevant agency such as Forest
64 Initial Environmental Examination Report- Rehabilitation of Habarana Trincomalee Road (A006) Department, Wildlife Department, Irrigation Department will also act as the principle external monitoring agency.
243. RDA/PIU have already consulted the line agencies who provide utilities such as electricity, telecommunication and water and intends to make a collaborative program so that once the road is developed no construction will take place by these line agencies which will damage the road surface.
5.4 Staffing & Reporting Requirements
244. Within the RDA, the Environmental and Social Division (ESD) will take role as independent monitoring. The ESD has been equipped by adequate staff with environmental background. The /PIU should appoint an environmental officer to monitor the mitigatory measures. The contractor & management consultant also should appoint environmental/social officers. Necessary contractual stipulations should be in force to this effect. These staff could liaise with the relevant line agencies listed above.
5.5 Mechanisms for Feedback & Adjustment
245. RDA and PIU have arranged to develop a mechanism to accommodate continued feedback and adjustments in the Project implementation, monitoring and supervision work. As described elsewhere in the documents, implementation of the EMP will be the responsibility of the Executing Agency (RDA) and the contractors during the implementation stage and during operations.
246. The ESD will be sending the monitoring reports to the Environmental Monitoring Committee through the CEA. Any decisions and recommendations, including any specific adjustments, within the framework of the overall project objectives discussed during the committee meetings will be conveyed by the CEA to RDA. The implementation of these specific requests will be the responsibility of the executing agency. In case the CEA challenge the monitoring result, RDA will have to hire an independent monitor, who will send special reports back to the committee through CEA on the progress made on the specific requests. Public complaints could be sent directly to RDA or other Government authorities. Any costs related with remedial actions to address public concerns will be the responsibility of the RDA.
247. The Donors will be kept informed of the Environmental Monitoring Committee decisions. Minutes of the Committee meetings shall be sent regularly to the Donors.
248. The Management Consultant (MC) will include environmental status and monitoring results in their respective Monthly and Quarterly Reports to RDA through ESD and Donors.
65 Initial Environmental Examination Report- Rehabilitation of Habarana Trincomalee Road (A006) 5.6 Environmental Management Plan
249. The environmental management plan is essential to effectively carry out the construction & then operate the road successfully with minimum impact to the environment. The following salient features have been considered in the Environmental Management Plan. [EMP] (See Annex 5.2)
• Environmental issue • Mitigatory action • Approximate Location • Time Frame • Institutional Responsibility
250. Funding requirements for the EMP cannot be separated from the general civil/engineering work, because the almost all mitigation action can be included as part of the civil works.
251. However the funding requirements for the monitoring programme have been calculated and presented in the Monitoring Programme. Refer Annex 5.1 for details.
Other Concerns on Change in Alignment
252. With regard to the final layout of the road, only detailed designs are available for A006 main road from Habarana to Kantale (113+000km- 158+500km), where the final road alignment is available. However, from Habarana to Trincomalee including the Existing Bypass the work will focus on improvement of the existing 2 lane and changing of alignment is highly unlikely.
253. Final alignment of the proposed bypass road will need to be firmed up. The recommendation from this IEE will be taken into consideration in finalizing the alignment. However, updated the EMP for the proposed by-pass will be carried out during the detailed design stage, In case the alignment will be chosen differently from the alignment covered by this IEE, the PIU and ESD will consult with CEA and ADB to ensure that necessary environmental assessment study will be carried out for the new alignment.
66 Initial Environmental Examination Report- Rehabilitation of Habarana Trincomalee Road (A006)
6 PUBLIC CONSULTATION & INFORMATION DISCLOSURE 6.1 Public Consultation Process
254. The following methodology was used for collecting relevant data/ information and also to disclose information to public about the proposed development.
• Holding interviews with community leaders and some limited focus group discussions with the communities – The focus group discussions were carried out along with the interviews with the community leaders because the community members in the area voluntarily joined the discussions held with the community leaders.
• Holding interviews with other stakeholder agencies in the project relevant area. These relevant stakeholder agencies included Divisional secretary offices, Grama Niladhari Offices, Samurdhi Niyamaka Offices and agriculture extension and production assistants’ offices etc.
• Walkthrough Surveys- Observing & counting of the physical structures located within the ROW (including the area required for road widening). (religious, historical, archaeological, commercial, public service delivery ) located within the 25 m belt ( defined as immediate vicinity of the ROW in this study)
• Marking all socially sensitive places identified on 1:50,000 topo map. . 255. Refer Figure 2.1A, 2.1B and 2.1C for the socially sensitive places.
6.2 Methodology to be adopted in order to do the public disclosure of this report (IEER)
256. The following methodology will be adopted in order to disclose the content of this document to the public.
257. Once the report is prepared it will be reviewed by the Environmental & Social Division (ESD) of RDA. As CEA has granted a conditional environmental clearance ADB will display the full report in their web site for public comments and 120 day period is required to give public a chance to comments and raise its concerns. The RDA will only award the civil work contract after 120 day period is completed.
6.3 Results of Public Consultation
258. Stakeholders and other key officials of the relevant line agencies were briefed about the project activities and they were given an opportunity to express their views
67 Initial Environmental Examination Report- Rehabilitation of Habarana Trincomalee Road (A006) regarding the impacts generated by the road construction & operation activities. The results of the public consultation process was tabulated under the following headers
• Stakeholders / Individuals Consulted- Name • Key Participants Designation • Institution • Date of Consultation • Issues Raised/Concerns Expressed • Measures Proposed • Action Taken/ Proposed
259. See Annex 6.1 sets out the full details of the public consultation & the other major views expressed by the officials of the relevant line agencies.
6.4 Public concerns about the development project on A006 and bypass roads.
6.4.1 Preference for Offsite Resettlement
260. When persons were interviewed they were specifically asked for their preference of offsite resettlement. They were also explained that the RDA resettlement policy is to offer compensation for loss of land & livelihood and not to provide resettlement sites offsite. No special requests were made by the interviewed stakeholders for separate resettlement sites. All prefer to obtain the compensation package. There are plenty of opportunities to find alternative lands for resettlement, if such needs arise in rural areas.
261. Some of the limited number of community leaders consulted in the IEE field study did not know about a resettlement survey program of RDA. Most of the community leaders and also likelihood affected people indicated about the possibility of re- establishment of their affected buildings in the same locations. All stakeholders would like to receive reasonable compensation for the affected structures to re-establish themselves within a short period of time.
6.4.2 Other General Public & Line Agency Concerns (A006 Road)
262. The following key views were expressed by the affected parties who are the inhabitants (community leaders) and the other relevant line agency officials such as the Divisional Secretary, Grama Militaries, and Urban Council officials. The full text of the social views are presented in Annex 6.1
• Priority should be given to complete construction activities of the road section falling within town limits ( Kantale, Tambalagamuwa, Trincomalee & Habarana) • Compensation should be paid according to the current market value of land acquired. Onsite resettlement is preferable. • The methodology of valuing properties should be well disclosed to the affected communities.
68 Initial Environmental Examination Report- Rehabilitation of Habarana Trincomalee Road (A006) • Adequate number of parking spaces should be provided for containers and other heavy vehicles. • Grama Niladaries should be accorded an opportunity during construction monitoring resettlement etc. to coordinate between RDA & affected parties to resolve potential social conflicts. • Improvement to this road significantly contribute to the regional as well as national economy ( access facilities to Prima, Mitsui cement company and Trincomalee harbour)
6.4.3 Other General Public & Line Agency Concerns ( Existing Bypass Road)
263. The DS of Kantale, the GNs and six community leaders were met during the rapid assessment on this road. (The names of the community leaders met are K.M. Hafeek, U B S Kareem, S Jagath Silva, M.P. Sunil Hiththetiya, S U N Hanifa and P K Anil Kumara ). The view they expressed on the impact of this road are as follows:
• All the stakeholders including community leaders fully accept the project proposed. • The DS and the GNs see this project as alternative road to send containers and other heavy vehicles avoiding use in Kantale tank bund as access. • All the community leaders also expressed the same view on this project in this road.
69 Initial Environmental Examination Report- Rehabilitation of Habarana Trincomalee Road (A006) 6.4.4 Other General Public & Line Agency Concerns ( Proposed Bypass Road)
Table 6.1- The stakeholders and their perceived expectations of the project
Stakeholder Problems and concerns addressed by the proposed road Road development Authority Running heavy trucks and other heavy vehicles through Kantale town center creates significant disturbances to the communities and transporters and travelers. Irrigation department Using Kantale tank bund road for running heavy vehicles may be a threat to the stability of the bund. The Farmer leaders Though they are not direct beneficiaries of the proposed project most of them are willing to have the bi-pass to see significant reduction of traffic in the Kantale town center and the sweruwila Kantale existing bi-pass road. The Seruwila Kantale bi-pass gets damaged frequently due to intensive use for heavy weight trucks running with full load of cement or other material. Urban communities ( especially business Frequent running of heavy trucks and other people) in the Kantale town center heavy vehicles disturb the routine business activities of the town centre. Other stakeholders such as traffic police They all accept the need of a bi-pass to and other regulators and civil servants ( avoid tank bund using for heavy vehicles Divisional secretaries ) and also to avoid heavy vehicles running across Kantale town center.
264. The justifications given by different stakeholders are summarized in Table 6.1 indicate the significant need of the proposed new bypass to address certain development objectives in the local area.
265. The sociologist assess this project as less socially sensitive project mainly because of the degree of willingness of even likelihood affected farming communities to support the project (to whom the sociologist had discussions. They (most of them) perceive this as an essential development need in the local area and also it is a national need from the likelihood implications on the Kantale Tank bund and the Kantale town center.
266. The security forces of the Kantale town are of the view that reduction of traffic congestion in the town center will improve their services significantly (security of the town and the business activities). No farmer will lose entire portion of his irrigated land or high land plots. The houses to be relocated (if required) can be re-established on the same land.
70 Initial Environmental Examination Report- Rehabilitation of Habarana Trincomalee Road (A006) 267. According to the community leaders (most accepted two local leaders in the area - Mr. Gunapala and Namal- Chairman and secretary of farmer federation in Kantale irrigation scheme) this proposed road project is not a new information to the most of the people in the area. They have (as community leaders) had requested the national and local political authorities to implement this road even in 1990s. Therefore, the likelihood social implications due to this project will not be so sensitive. Even now certain portions of the irrigated land likely to fall within ROW have been abandoned from use to allow the project to be implemented.
268. Impacts perceived by different stakeholders are summarized in Table 6.2.
71 Initial Environmental Examination Report- Rehabilitation of Habarana Trincomalee Road (A006)
Table 6.2- The impacts of the proposed project
Stakeholder Negative impact Positive impact Likely affected house Some of houses may have The monitory values of owners and other to be relocated; other houses located little far householders houses located close to the from the new road will road during its operation significantly go up. phase may get affected due The householders now to vibration created by the residing in the paddy lands heavy trucks and other it self may have better heavy vehicles frequently alternative houses to live. running on the new road. Irrigated land owners A portion of irrigated land There may be opportunity may be acquired for the to receive reasonable project. There may be compensation for the piece irrigation difficulties due to of land acquired for the physical separation of the project. same land plot. The fragmentation of land may create some other problems (on cropping pattern, economic and social). . The communities in the They do not perceive any The existing road running Kantale town and nearby negative impacts across the town will get less area traffic and its physical condition can be better managed due to lack of heavy vehicles frequently running, The vibration due to frequent running of trucks and other heavy vehicles can be significantly reduced, The congestion of the town center will go down, the security situation of the town ship can be effectively managed due to decreased congestion. Irrigation department There may be short term The new road will help to disturbances to the avoid heavy vehicles irrigation command area running on the Kantale tank located in the project area, bund. The existing water distribution canals will have some negative impacts.
72 Initial Environmental Examination Report- Rehabilitation of Habarana Trincomalee Road (A006) 6.5 Overall Social Acceptability
269. The project (A006 Road and the bypass roads) is heavily socially acceptable.
A006 Road
270. Residents prefer if the main road running through their residential areas is improved. They perceive that it will provide better access facilities for them to reach Colombo as well as Trincomalee. The business communities living in three semi urban centres and Trincomalee major townships expect significant beneficial impact due to the proposed project. They also expect that their affected properties will be reasonably compensated by the project developer.
271. The consensus of the communities for the proposed development project is 100% level. The following points are highlighted to substantiate their concurrence:
• The road improvement will provide contribution to the local economy. (Communities living in urban centres.) • There will not be serious negative impact for the rural communities living along the road. Therefore they are not opposing the proposed widening and other improvement to the road. The expect increase of property values near the improved roads. • The affected communities would like to give their concurrence if there affected properties are compensated in cash.
272. Improving of this road from the Habarana to Trincomalee is important. This road provides access to communities as well as other transporters from Colombo to Trincomalee and also from East to West of the country.
273. From the security point of view this is a critically significant road, because it provides access to eastern region and also it can be use as an alternative to A9 road.
274. In conclusion it can be mentioned that the improvements to this 86.12km stretch of the road is beneficial to the local communities as well as many others using road from all over the country. It needs carefully and systematically develop plan to mitigate the likelihood negative impacts on the local communities during construction stage of the project according to the concerns expressed by the stakeholders.
Existing Bypass Road through Kantale Town
275. Improvement of this road is socially acceptable as it facilitate traffic movement through the town.
Propose Bypass road 200m Away from Kantale Dam Toe
276. The proposed bypass road is socially acceptable because this road will entirely avoid the heavy container traffic flow along the existing bypass through Kantale town.
73 Initial Environmental Examination Report- Rehabilitation of Habarana Trincomalee Road (A006) This will greatly reduce social inconvenience to the town and the dwellers in reducing traffic jams, accidents, damages to the existing bypass, damages to the water supply lines because of the settlements caused by container trucks.
6.6 RDA Resettlement Policy for Affected Parties
277. As the project is a comparably medium scale in terms of the number of people affected by the development and there are no established resettlement sites by RDA. As the RDA policy is to offer compensation for voluntary resettlement. Reference should be made to the RDA document called ‘Ex Gratia Package for the People Affected by Highway Project which is based on NIRP.
278. The resettlement is not an issue of the proposed development project. But the most significant issue is to pay due compensation to the affected parties (part of houses, portions of business centres, parapet walls, fences and gates.
279. The nature of compensation to be paid for the affected parties is shown in Annex 6.1.
280. The Environmental & Social Division and the Land Acquisition Division of RDA may take over the planning and implementation process of the compensation program. The information on locations of the affected properties and the nature of each affected property are included in this report and such information will have to be used by the project developer to plan and implement the compensation program effectively.
74 Initial Environmental Examination Report- Rehabilitation of Habarana Trincomalee Road (A006)
7 FINDINGS & RECOMMENDATIONS
7.1 Findings 281. Findings
A006 Main Road and Existin Bypass Road
• No major baseline impacts such as poor drainage, poor air & water quality, soil erosion problems etc. are found in the proximal areas of the road trace.
• Negative Impacts are minor and mitigable they are mostly construction impacts which are temporary. Positive Impacts from the project clearly outweigh the negative temporary impacts which are minor.
• The project activities are compliant with laws and policies. Respective preliminary approvals have been granted by relevant line agencies. The conditional approval by CEA has already been granted for Habarana-Kantale segment of A006. [ See Annex 1.1 ]
• The project is socially acceptable and there were no major social protests during the EA study stage. Social support is indicated for the project.
• Security is a prime concern when carrying out construction activities and necessary coordination should be established with the security establishment.
• As the road abutted on either side by several sanctuaries and other wildlife reserves construction activities within those reserves should be undertaken under the monitoring of Department of Forestry & Department of Wild Life.
• No major flood areas are found in the road segment and most of the main and minor drainages function well without baseline impacts.
Proposed Bypass Road 282. • No major environmental impacts were identified in the proposed bypass road and the impacts on ecology, drainage, houses and paddy areas could be mitigated to a great extent. • The proposed bypass is very much socially acceptable. • The proposed bypass road eases the heavy vehicle travelling on the Kantale Dam as well as the Kantale Town. • There is no objection from the Irrigation Department for the proposed bypass as it traverses away from the dam reservations.
75 Initial Environmental Examination Report- Rehabilitation of Habarana Trincomalee Road (A006)
7.2 Existence of Significant Environmental Impacts
283. The project is environmental acceptable although temporary mitigable impacts occur at the construction stage. No severe unmitigable environmental impacts exist therefore this EA is sufficient if the mitigatory measures, monitoring plan and Environmental Management Plan is implemented.
7.3 Recommendations
284. The EA carried out at the present level (i.e Category B Sensitive– IEE level) is sufficient as no adverse immitigable impacts were not identified through the screening process. The standard ADB Environmental Checklist has been prepared and presented in Annex 7.1 to substantiate this finding
285. Recommendations for the A006 Road
• Execution of the project (Rehabilitation of A006 Road and the bypass roads) is recommended with the proposed mitigatory measures and monitoring requirements. • All necessary contractual provisions and stipulations regarding mitigatory measures should be included in the Contract Documents. Additional cost items for these should be specified in the BOQ if the need arise. • It is recommended that environmental monitoring be undertaken by under the supervision and guidance of an inter-agency committee coordinated by the CEA as proposed under the” Monitoring Programme” • It is very important to consider the views expressed by the community • Construction activities in sanctuaries and forest reserves should be undertaken with the monitoring of Department of Wild Life & Department of Forestry. • Constant coordination with the security establishment should exist as security concerns are pre-emptive. • It is also very important to minimise the impacts on the forest reserves and sanctuaries.
286. Recommendations for Proposed Bypass Road
• This project needs a detailed planning since it involves two sensitive activities such as irrigated land acquisition.
• The project developer needs to work closely with the faming communities during its planning and construction stages. The two community leaders accepted by most of the project affected parties may be used as helpers- community mobilisers to work with the project team (the secretary and the chairman of the farmer organisation in the area- Refer Annex 6.1 for details). Their involvement will be critical to obtain the farmer cooperation and concurrence to the project.
76 Initial Environmental Examination Report- Rehabilitation of Habarana Trincomalee Road (A006)
8 CONCLUSION 8.1 Project Justification
A006 Main Road
287. The road proposed for improvement is being used to reach Western as well as Eastern region of the country for various purposes. Apart from communities living in the project areas people from all over the country use this road for their activities. The road provide access to Trincomalee town and other economically valuable places such as Prima Floor Mill, Mitsui Cement Factory, Oil Tanks and other attractive tourist destinations. The road also links Colombo the capital city and other important economic centres such as Dambulla to Trincomalee.
288. The stakeholders of the project such as the people living close to the road stated that the rehabilitation work will improve transportation activities.
289. The road is very strategically important on security view point as it gives access to eastern region through Trincomalee town.
290. The road improvement activities will contribute to the local economy in terms of reduced travel time, fuel savings, etc.
Existing Bypass Road through Kantale Town
291. Improvement of this road will facilitate vehicle movement through the town reducing the congestion on A006 Road and the junctions of A006 Road and this bypass road. The real value of this road is accrued when the proposed bypass road indicated below comes to effect so that there will not be any heavy vehicle travelling along this bypass.
Proposed Bypass Road
292. The proposed bypass is very important because it avoids running heavy containers along the Kantale dam and Kantale town. This will mitigate the impact on the once breached Kantale dam and its spillway structure. Katale Tank is a very important large scale historic tank in Sri Lanka which contributes immensely to the economy of the region.
293. Stakeholders (Farmer organisations, Department of Irrigation) are in favour of the project.
294. Improving Habarana to Trincomalee road including the bypass roads was justified by all the stakeholders including Divisional secretary office and Grama Niladhari Offices, the community leaders and other officials of the national, regional, district divisional and local agencies
77 Initial Environmental Examination Report- Rehabilitation of Habarana Trincomalee Road (A006) 295. The proposed new stretch of the road is critically important from the opinions and perceptions of different stakeholders.
8.2 Further Studies
296. As discussed under section 7.3 no severe environmental impacts were identified through the recommended screening process, warranting an EIA or any other supplementary environmental study.
78 Initial Environmental Examination Report- Rehabilitation of Habarana Trincomalee Road (A006)
9 REFERENCES 297.
1. Road Development Authority – Ex Gratia Package for the People People Affected by Highway Projects
2. National Environmental Act – Subsidiary Legislation- 2003 (Unofficial Copy)
3. Road Development Authority – ADB TA 4047-SRI – National Highways Development Project – Final Report Volume 3A- Appendices A-F
4. Road Development Authority -National Highway Development Project- Project report ( Feasibility Report) Habarana-Kantale Road
5. 1:50000 topographic map- Department of Survey- sheet No 28- Tricomalee, 37- Polonnaruwa,23- Nilaveli, 32- Kaudulla, 27- Horowpothana and 36-Kekirawa
6. ArcView Themes – 1:25000- Roads, Sri Lanka Outline- Survey Department
7. ADB IEER outline -Environmental Assessment Guidelines , ADB (2003 May
8. Central Environmental Authority – Environmental Atlas of Sri Lanka. (2005)
79 Figure 1.1- Location Map
Habarana-Tricomalee A006 Road
Trincomalee
Kantale
Existing & Habarana proposed bypass roads
Annex 1.1 – Conditional Approval Issued by CEA for A006 Road
Annex 1.2- List of Preparers & Their work allocation
Name Qualifications Position Work Undertaken D A J Ranwala BSc(Eng), M.Eng, FIE(SL), Team Leader- Overall direction of the C.Eng – Chartered Civil Hydrologist- team & preparation of the Engineer – Consultant Drainage report. Carry out drainage Hydrologist Engineer related studies in A006 Road, Existing bypass road through Kantale Town and the proposed bypass 200m away from Kantale tank bund.
K Jinapala BA( Social Science), M.(Dev. Sociologist Carry out social survey. Mgt. Manila) Identify social impacts & suggestion of mitigatory measures. P M C Bandara BSc, PhD Ecologist Identify flora & fauna in Digana the project influential area including rare & threatened species. Identify impacts on flora & fauna and suggest mitigatory action. Investigate the impacts on sensitive areas such as sanctuaries and other forest reservations.
Annex 3.1- Flora & Fauna Found in the Project Corridor- A006 and Bypass Roads
Terrestrial and Aquatic Floral species recorded in A006 Road
Abbreviations
HA – Habit CS – Conservation status SF – Secondary Forest H – Herb E – Endemic FP – Forest Plantation C – Climber or Creeper TR – Threatened RS – Roadside Vegetation T – Tree TS – Taxonomic status CC– Chena Cultivations S – Shrub I – Introduced HG–Home gardens Ep – Epiphyte N– Native MS– Marshes GL– Grassland with scattered shrubs and trees PF – Paddy Fields RV- Rivers
H T C S F G R M R P C H Family Species Local Name A S S F P L S S V F C G Acanthaceae Hygrophola schulli Niramulliya H N 1 1 Amaranthaceae Achyranthes aspera Gas Karal Heba H N 1 1 1 1 1 1 Amaranthaceae Aerva lanata Pol Pala H N 1 1 1 1 1 1 Amaranthaceae Alternanthera sessilis Mukunuwenna H N 1 1 1 Anacardium Anacardiaceae occidentale Cadju T I 1 Lannea Anacardiaceae coromandelica Hik T N 1 1 1 1 1 1 Anacardiaceae Mangifera indica Amba T I 1 1 Annonaceae Polyalthia korinti Ulkenda S N 1 1 Annonaceae Polyalthia longifolia Ovila T N 1 1 Apocynaceae Alstonia scholaris Ruk Attana T N 1 1 Apocynaceae Carissa spinarum Heen Karaba C N 1 1 1 1 1 1 Ichnocarpus Apocynaceae frutescens C N 1 1 1 1 1 Apocynaceae Thevetia peruviana Kaha Kaneru T I 1 1 Arecaceae Areca catechu Puwak T N 1 Arecaceae Borassus flabellifer Tal T I 1 1 Arecaceae Calamus rotang Heen Wewel C N 1 1 Arecaceae Cocos nucifera Pol T N 1 Arecaceae Phoenix pusilla Indi T N 1 1 1 1 Asclepiadaceae Calotropis gigantea Wara S N 1 1 1 1 1 1
Oxystelma T Asclepiadaceae esculentum Usepale C N R 1 Asclepiadaceae Pergularia daemia C N 1 1 1 Asparagaceae Asparagus racemosus Hatawariya C N 1 1 Asteraceae Ageratum conyzoides Hulan Tala H I 1 1 1 1 1 1 Asteraceae Eclipta prostrata Kikirindiya H N 1 1
i H T C S F G R M R P C H Family Species Local Name A S S F P L S S V F C G Eupatorium Asteraceae odoratum Podisinnamaran S I 1 1 1 1 1 1 Gomphrena Asteraceae celosioides H I 1 1 1 Asteraceae Mikania cordata Vatu Palu H N 1 1 1 1 1 Asteraceae Sphaeranthus indicus Mudu Mahana H N 1 1 Asteraceae Tridax procumbens H I 1 1 Monara Asteraceae Vernonia cinerea Kudumbiya H N 1 1 1 1 1 1 Asteraceae Vernonia zeylanica Pupula C E 1 1 1 Asteraceae Xanthium indicum Agada H N 1 1 Stereospermum Bignoniaceae colais Dunumadala T N 1 1 1 1 Bombacaceae Ceiba pentandra Pulun T I 1 1 Boraginaceae Carmona retusa S N 1 1 1 Boraginaceae Cordia dichotoma Lolu T N 1 Heliotropium Boraginaceae indicum Ath Honda H N 1 1 Capparaceae Capparis zeylanica C N 1 Capparaceae Cleome viscosa Wal Aba H N 1 1 1 1 1 1 Casuarina Casuarinaceae equisetifolia Kassa T I 1 1 Celastraceae Cassine glauca Neralu T E 1 Clusiaceae Garcinia spicata Ela Gokatu T N 1 1 Colchicaceae Gloriosa superba Niyagala C N 1 1 Combretaceae Terminalia arjuna Kumbuk T N 1 Combretaceae Terminalia catappa Kottan T I 1 1 Commelinaceae Commelina sp. Gira Pala H N 1 1 1 Connarus Connaraceae monocarpus Radaliya C N 1 1 Convolvulaceae Argyreia osyrensis C N 1 1 1 1 Convolvulaceae Evolvulus alsinoides Vishnu Kranthi H N 1 1 Convolvulaceae Ipomoea aquatica Kankung C N 1 Convolvulaceae Ipomoea obscura Tal Kola C N 1 1 1 1 Convolvulaceae Ipomoea pes-tigridis Divi Adiya C N 1 Convolvulaceae Merremia tridentata Heen Madu C N 1 1 Cucurbitaceae Coccinia grandis Kowakka C N 1 1 Cyperaceae Cyperus rotundus Kaladuru H N 1 1 1 1 1 Cyperaceae Cyperus sp. H N 1 1 Cyperaceae Eleocharis sp. H N 1 1 Cyperaceae Fimbristylis sp. H N 1 1 Ebenaceae Diospyros affinis T N 1 Ebenaceae Diospyros ferrea Kalu Habara T N 1 1 Diospyros Ebenaceae malabarica Timbiri T N 1 1 Ebenaceae Diospyros ovalifolia Kunumella T N 1 Ebenaceae Diospyros sp. T N 1 Euphorbiaceae Acalypha indica Kuppameniya H N 1 1 1 1 1 1 Euphorbiaceae Bridelia retusa Ketakela T N 1 1 1 1 1 Croton Euphorbiaceae bonplandianus H I 1 1 1 1 Euphorbiaceae Croton hirtus H I 1 1 1 1 1
ii H T C S F G R M R P C H Family Species Local Name A S S F P L S S V F C G Euphorbiaceae Croton laccifer Keppetiya S N 1 1 1 1 1 Dimorphocalyx Euphorbiaceae glabellus Weli Wenna T N 1 1 Euphorbiaceae Drypetes sepiaria Wira T N 1 1 1 1 Euphorbiaceae Flueggea leucopyrus Katu Pila S N 1 1 1 1 1 Euphorbiaceae Jatropha curcas Weta Endaru T I 1 1 Mallotus Euphorbiaceae rhamnifolius T N 1 1 Euphorbiaceae Margaritaria indicus Karaw T N 1 1 1 Phyllanthus Euphorbiaceae polyphyllus Kuratiya T N 1 1 1 1 Phyllanthus Euphorbiaceae reticulatus Kaila S N 1 1 1 Euphorbiaceae Ricinus communis Endaru S I 1 1 1 Euphorbiaceae Tragia plukenetii Wel Kambiliya C N 1 Fabaceae Abrus precatorius Olida C N 1 1 1 1 Fabaceae Acacia melanoxylon Acacia T I 1 1 1 Adenanthera Fabaceae pavonina Madatiya T I 1 1 Fabaceae Aeschynomene indica Diya Siyambala H N 1 Fabaceae Albizia odoratissima Suruya Mara T N 1 Fabaceae Alysicarpus vaginalis Aswanna H N 1 1 1 Fabaceae Bauhinia racemosa Maila T N 1 1 1 1 1 1 Fabaceae Bauhinia tomentosa Petan T N 1 Fabaceae Cassia auriculata Ranawara T N 1 1 1 Fabaceae Cassia fistula Ahala T N 1 1 1 1 1 Fabaceae Cassia occidentalis Ath Tora S N 1 1 1 1 1 1 Fabaceae Cassia roxburghii Wa T N 1 1 1 1 1 Fabaceae Cassia spectabilis Kaha Kona T I 1 1 1 Fabaceae Cassia tora Pani Tora H N 1 1 1 1 1 Crotalaria Fabaceae laburnifolia H N 1 1 1 1 1 1 Fabaceae Crotalaria verrucosa H N 1 1 1 1 Fabaceae Delonix regia Mai Mara T I 1 Fabaceae Derris parviflora Kala Wel C E 1 1 Fabaceae Derris scandens Bo Kala Wel C N 1 Heen Fabaceae Desmodium triflorum Undupiyaliya H N 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Dichrostachys Fabaceae cinerea Andara T N 1 1 1 1 Fabaceae Erythrina variegata Erabadu T N 1 Fabaceae Gliricidia sepium Weta Mara T I 1 1 1 Leucaena Fabaceae leucocephala Ipil Ipil T I 1 1 1 Macroptilium Fabaceae lathyroides H N 1 1 Fabaceae Mimosa pudica Nidikumba H I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Fabaceae Neptunia oleracea Diya Nidikumba H N 1 Peltophorum Fabaceae pterocarpum Kaha Mara T N 1 Fabaceae Pongamia pinnata Karada T N 1 Fabaceae Pterocarpus indicus Wal Ehela T I 1 1 Fabaceae Samanea saman Para Mara T I 1 iii H T C S F G R M R P C H Family Species Local Name A S S F P L S S V F C G Fabaceae Tamarindus indica Siymbala T I 1 1 1 Fabaceae Tephrosia purpurea Pila H N 1 1 1 1 1 1 Fabaceae Tephrosia villosa Bu Pila H N 1 1 Hippocrateaceae Reissantia indica C N 1 1 1 Hippocrateaceae Salacia sp. Himbutu Wel C N 1 1 Lamiaceae Hyptis suaveolens Madurutala H I 1 1 1 1 1 1 Lamiaceae Leucas zeylanica Thumba H N 1 1 1 1 1 Heen Lamiaceae Ocimum americanum Maduruthala H I 1 1 1 1 1 1 Maha Lamiaceae Ocimum gratissimum Madurutala H N 1 1 1 1 1 1 Lauraceae Litsea glutinosa Bomee T N 1 Linaceae Hugonia mystax C N 1 1 1 1 Strychnos nux- Loganiaceae vomica Goda Kaduru T N 1 1 Loganiaceae Strychnos potatotum Ingini T N 1 E Loranthaceae Dendrophthoe falcata Pilila p N 1 1 1 1 1 Malpighiaceae Hiptage benghalensis C N 1 1 1 Malvaceae Abutilon indicum S N 1 1 1 1 1 1 Malvaceae Hibiscus eriocarpus Kapukinissa T N 1 1 Malvaceae Hibiscus micranthus H N 1 1 1 1 1 Malvaceae Hibiscus surattensis Heen Napiritta C N 1 Malvaceae Hibiscus vitifolius H N 1 1 1 1 Malvaceae Sida acuta Gas Bevila H N 1 1 1 1 1 1 Malvaceae Thespesia populnea Suruya T N 1 1 1 Malvaceae Urena lobata Epala S N 1 1 1 1 1 1 Marsiliaceae Marsilia quadrifolia H N 1 1 Martyniaceae Martynia annua Nagadarana H I 1 1 Memecylon Melastomataceae umbellatum Kora Kaha S N 1 Meliaceae Azadirachta indica Kohomba T N 1 1 1 1 1 1 Meliaceae Melia azedarach Lunu Midella T N 1 1 Meliaceae Walsura trifoliolata Kiri Koon T N 1 Menispermaceae Pachygone ovata C N 1 Artocarpus Moraceae heterophyllus Kos T I 1 Moraceae Artocarpus incisus Del T I 1 Moraceae Ficus benghalensis Nuga T N 1 1 Moraceae Ficus racemosa Attikka T N 1 Moraceae Ficus religiosa Bo T N 1 Moraceae Ficus sp. Nuga T N 1 1 Moraceae Ficus tinctoria Wal Ehetu T N 1 1 Moraceae Ficus verens Ehetu T N 1 Moraceae Streblus asper Nitulla T N 1 1 1 Moringaceae Moringa oleifera Murunga T I 1 1 1 Musaceae Musa x paradisiaca Kesel T I 1 1 Myrtaceae Eucalyptus sp. Eucalyptus T I 1 1 1 Myrtaceae Psidium guajava Pera T I 1 Myrtaceae Syzygium cumini Madan T N 1 1 1 Nyctaginaceae Boerhavia diffusa H N 1 1 Nymphaeaceae Nymphaea pubescens Olu H N 1 iv H T C S F G R M R P C H Family Species Local Name A S S F P L S S V F C G Jasminum Oleaceae angustifolium C N 1 1 1 Onagraceae Ludwigia adscendens Beru Diyanilla C N 1 Onagraceae Ludwigia perennis H N 1 1 E Orchidaceae Vanda tessellata p N 1 Passifloraceae Passiflora foetida C I 1 1 1 1 1 1 Periplocaceae Hemidesmus indicus Iramusu C N 1 1 1 1 1 Poaceae Cynodon dactylon H N 1 1 1 1 1 1 Poaceae Imperata cylindrica Iluk H N 1 1 1 1 1 Poaceae Oryza sativa Wi H N 1 Poaceae Panicum maximum Rata Tana H I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Poaceae Panicum repens Etora H N 1 1 Poaceae Zea mays Bada iringu H I 1 Rhamnaceae Scutia myrtina C N 1 1 1 Ventilago Rhamnaceae madraspatana C N 1 1 1 1 Rhamnaceae Ziziphus oenoplia Eraminiya C N 1 1 1 1 1 1 Rubiaceae Benkara malabarica T N 1 Canthium Rubiaceae coromandelicum Kara T N 1 Rubiaceae Catunaregam spinosa Kukuruman T N 1 1 1 Rubiaceae Haldina cordifolia Kolon T N 1 1 1 1 1 Rubiaceae Ixora pavetta T N 1 Rubiaceae Mitragyna tubulosa Helamba T N 1 1 1 1 1 1 Rubiaceae Morinda coreia Ahu T N 1 1 1 1 Rubiaceae Mussaenda frondosa Mussanda S N 1 1 1 1 1 Psilanthus Rubiaceae wightianus S N 1 Rubiaceae Tarenna asiatica Tarana S N 1 1 Rutaceae Aegle Marmelos Beli T I 1 Rutaceae Atalantia monophylla Yki Naran T N 1 1 Chloroxylon Rutaceae swietenia Buruta T N 1 1 1 1 1 1 Rutaceae Clausena indica Gon Karapincha S N 1 1 1 1 Glycosmis Rutaceae mauritiana S N 1 1 1 1 Glycosmis Rutaceae pentaphylla Dodam Pana S N 1 1 1 Rutaceae Limonia acidissima Divul T N 1 1 1 1 1 1 Rutaceae Murraya koenigii Karapincha S N 1 1 Paramignya Rutaceae monophylla Wellangiriya C N 1 Pleiospermium Tumpath Rutaceae alatum Kurudu T N 1 Rutaceae Toddalia asiatica Kudu Miris C N 1 1 1 1 1 Salvadoraceae Azima tetracantha S N
Salviniaceae Salvinia molesta Salviniya H I 1 Sapindaceae Allophylus cobbe Kobbe S N 1 1 1 1 Cardiospermum Sapindaceae halicacabum Wel Penela C N 1 1 1 1 1 Sapindaceae Dimocarpus longan Mora T N 1 v H T C S F G R M R P C H Family Species Local Name A S S F P L S S V F C G Sapindaceae Filicium decipiens Pihimbiya T N 1 1 Lepisanthes Sapindaceae tetraphylla Dabu T N 1 1 1 1 Sapindaceae Sapindus emarginata Kaha Penela T N 1 1 1 Sapindaceae Schleichera oleosa Koon T N 1 1 1 1 1 Sapotaceae Madhuca longifolia Mi T N 1 1 1 Sapotaceae Manilkara hexandra Palu T N 1 1 1 1 Scrophulariaceae Scoparia dulcis Wal Kottamalli H I 1 1 1 Solanaceae Datura metel Kalu Attana H N 1 1 1 Solanaceae Physalis micrantha Mottu H N 1 1 Pterospermum Sterculiaceae suberifolium Welan T N 1 1 1 1 1 Sterculiaceae Sterculia foedida Telambu T N 1 1 Sterculiaceae Waltheria indica H N 1 1 1 Tiliaceae Berrya cordifolia Halmilla T N 1 1 Diplodiscus Tiliaceae verrucosus Dik Wenna T E 1 1 1 1 Tiliaceae Grewia damine Daminiya T N 1 1 1 1 Tiliaceae Grewia helicterifolia Bora Daminiya T N 1 1 1 Tiliaceae Grewia orientalis S N 1 1 1 1 Tiliaceae Muntingia calabura Jam T I 1 Holoptelea Ulmaceae integrifolia Gada Kirilla T N 1 1 1 Ulmaceae Trema orientalis Gadumba T N 1 1 Verbenaceae Gmelina asiatica Demata S N 1 1 Verbenaceae Lantana camara Gandapana S I 1 1 1 1 1 1 Verbenaceae Premna tomentosa Seru T N 1 1 1 Stachytarpheta Verbenaceae jamaicensis Balu Nakura H I 1 1 1 1 Verbenaceae Tectona grandis Tekka T I 1 1 1 1 Verbenaceae Vitex altissima Milla T N 1 1 1 1 1 Cissus Vitaceae quadrangularis Heressa C N 1 1 1 Vitaceae Cissus vitiginea C N 1 1
vi Terrestrial and aquatic fauna found in the A006 Road.
Abbreviations.
HG- Home Gardens PF- Paddy Fields PFO-Protected Forest
SL- Shrub Lands CL-Cultivated lands WB- Water Bodies
+---> Present Habitats Family and Scientific Name Common Name Status HG PF PFO SLCLWA Order: Lepidoptera Butterflies Family: Papilionidae Papilio polyes Common mormon Indigenous + + + + Pachliopta hector Crimson rose Indigenous + + + Papilio polymnestor Blue mormon Indigenous + + + Family: Pieridae Erema hecabe Common grass yellow Indigenous + + + + Delias eucharis Jezebel Indigenous + + + + Catopsilia pomona Lemon migrant Indigenous + + + + Eurema brigitta Small grass yellow Indigenous + + Family: Danaidae Euploea core Common crow Indigenous + + + Danaus genutia Common tiger Indigenous + + + + Danaus chrysippus Plain tiger Indigenous + + Family: Acraeidae Acraea violae Tawny coster Indigenous + + Class- Ostecthyes Bony fishes Family- Anabantidae Anabas testudineus Climbing perch Indigenous + Family-Cichlidae Oreochromis mossambicus Tillapia Exotic + Oreochromis niloticus Tillapia Exotic + Family- Cyprinidae Amblypharyngodon + melettnus Silver carplet Indigenous Aristichthys nobilis Bighead carp Exotic + Puntius amphibius Scarlet banded barb Indigenous + Puntius chola Swamp barb Indigenous + Family-Belontiidae vii Habitats Family and Scientific Name Common Name Status HG PF PFO SLCLWA Trichogaster pectroralis Indigenous + CLASS: AMPHBIA Amphibians Family– Bufonidae Bufo melanostictus Common house toad Indigenous + Family– Ranidae Limnonectes limnocharis Common paddy field + + frog Indigenous Family–Microhylidae Uperodon systoma Baloon frog Indigenous + Class: REPTILIIA Reptilels Family: Agamidae Calotes calotes Green garden lizard Indigenous + Family: Varanidae Varanus salvator Water monitor Indigenous + + Family: Testudinidae Geochelone elegans Star tortoise Indigenous + Family: Elapidae Naja naja Cobra Indigenous + Family:Viperidae Indigenous + Python molurus Indian python Threatened Family-Gekkonidae Hemidactylus frenatus Common house gecko Indigenous + Class: AVES Birds Family: Phalacrocoracidae Phalacrocorax niger Little cormorant Indigenous + Phalacrocorax carbo Great cormorant Indigenous + Phalacrocorax fuscicollis Indian Cormorant Indigenous + Family: Ardeidae Casmerodius albus Great egret Indigenous + + Mesophoyx intermedia Intermediate egret Indigenous + + Egretta grazetta Little egret Indigenous + + Bubulcus ibis Cattle egret Indigenous + + Ardeola grayii Pond heron Indigenous + Family: Accipitridae Haliastur Indus Brahminy kite Indigenous + viii Habitats Family and Scientific Name Common Name Status HG PF PFO SLCLWA Grey headed fishing Ichthyophaga ichthyaetus eagle Family: Rallidae White-breasted water + Amaurornis phoenicurus hen Indigenous Family: Charadriidae Vanellus indicus Red wattled lapwing Indigenous + + Family: Columbidae Streptopelia chinensis Spotted dove Indigenous + + + + + Columba livia Domestic pigeon Indigenous + + + Family: Psittacidae Psittacula krameri Rose-ring parakeet Indigenous + + + + + Family: Halcyonidae White breasted + + + + Halcyon smyrnensis kingfisher Indigenous Family:Pycnonotidae Pycnonotus cafera Red vented bulbul Indigenous + + + + + Family: Alcedinidae Alcedo atthis Common King fisher Indigenous + + Family: Meropidae Merops philippinus Blue tail bee eater Migrant + Merops orientalis Greenb bee eater Indigenous + + + Family: Bucerotidae Ocyceros gingalensis Sri Lanka gray hornbill Endemic + + Anthracoceros coronatus Malabar pied hornbill Indigenous + Family: Phasianidae Pavo cristatus Indian peafowl Indigenous + + + + + Gallus lafayetii Sri Lanka junglefowl Endamic + + Family: Coraciidae Coracias benghalensis Indian roller Indigenous + + Family: Timaliidae Turdoides affinis Common babbler Indigenous + + + Family: Apodidae Apus affinis House swift Indigenous + Family – Laniidae Lanius cristatus Brown shrike Migrant +
ix Habitats Family and Scientific Name Common Name Status HG PF PFO SLCLWA Family: Jacnidae Hydrophasianus chrirurgus Pheasant tailed jacana Indigenous + Family – Pittidae Pitta brachyura Indian pitta Migrant + + Family:Corvidae Corvus splendens House crow Indigenous + + + + + Family: Sturnidae Acridotheres tristis Common myna Indigenous + + + Family: Passeridae Passer domesticus House sparrow Indigenous + + Family:Upupidae Upupa epops Eurasian hoopoe Indigenous Class: MAMALIA Mammals Family- Bovidae + Bos indicus Domestic cow Domestic + Bubalus bubalis Domestic water buffalo Exotic + + + Family- Canidae Canis familiaris Domestic dog Domestic + + Felis cattus Domestic cat Domestic + Canis aureus Sri Lanka jackal Indigenous + Family- Sciuridae Funambulus palmarum Palm squirrel Indigenous + + + + Ratufa macroura Giant squirrel Indigenous + + Family- Pteropodidae Pteropus giganteus Flying fox Indigenous + + + Rousettus leschenaultii Dog faced fruit bat Indigenous + + + + Cynoptrrus sphinx Short nosed fruit bat Indigenous + + + Family-Leporidae Lepus nigricollis singhala Black napped hare Indigenous + + + + Family-Suidae Sus scrofa cristatus Wild boar Indigenous + + + Family-Cervidae Cervue axis Spotted deer Indigenous + Cervus unicolour Sambhur Indigenous + Family-Herpestidae
x Habitats Family and Scientific Name Common Name Status HG PF PFO SLCLWA Herpestes fuscus Brown mongoose Indigenous + + + + Family-Cerrcopithecidae Macaca sinica Toque monkey Endemic + + + Semnopithecus entellus Grey langur Indigenous + + + Family – Proboscidae Elephas maximus Eliphant Indigenous + + Threatened Family- Manidae Manis crassicaudata Indian Pangolin Indigenous + Family-Felidae Prionailurus viverrina Fishing cat Indigenous + Threatened Prionailurus rubiginosa Rusty spoted cat Indigenous + Threatened
xi Trees available (Over30 cm. DBH) closed to the road edges – A006 Road
Abbreviations HA – Habit TS – Taxonomic status CS – Conservation status No. of Family Species Local Name HA TS CS Trees Meliaceae Azadirachta indica Kohomba T N 37 Verbenaceae Vitex altissima Milla T N 32 Rutaceae Chloroxylon swietenia Buruta T N 30 Fabaceae Tamarindus indica Siymbala T I 20 Moraceae Ficus sp. Nuga T N 17 Anacardiaceae Mangifera indica Amba T I 16 Sapotaceae Manilkara hexandra Palu T N 16 Arecaceae Borassus flabellifer Tal T I 9 Myrtaceae Eucalyptus sp. Eucaliptus T I 9 Sapindaceae Schleichera oleosa Koon T N 9 Ebenaceae Diospyros sp. T N 8 Myrtaceae Syzygium cumini Madan T N 8 Ulmaceae Holoptelea integrifolia Gada Kirilla T N 7 Fabaceae Bauhinia racemosa Maila T N 6 Meliaceae Melia azedarach Lunu Midella T N 5 Casuarinaceae Casuarina equisetifolia Kassa T I 4 Loganiaceae Strychnos nux-vomica Goda Kaduru T N 4 Verbenaceae Tectona grandis Tekka T I 4 Bombacaceae Ceiba pentandra Pulun T I 3 Euphorbiaceae Drypetes sepiaria Wira T N 2 Fabaceae Delonix regia Mai Mara T I 2 Fabaceae Samanea saman Para Mara T I 2 Rubiaceae Haldina cordifolia Kolon T N 2 Sterculiaceae Pterospermum suberifolium Welan T N 2 Anacardiaceae Lannea coromandelica Hik T N 1 Bignoniaceae Stereospermum colais Dunumadala T N 1 Celastraceae Cassine glauca Neralu T E 1 Clusiaceae Garcinia spicata Ela Gokatu T N 1 Combretaceae Terminalia arjuna Kumbuk T N 1 Combretaceae Terminalia catappa Kottan T I 1 Euphorbiaceae Bridelia retusa Ketakela T N 1 Fabaceae Adenanthera pavonina Madatiya T I 1 Fabaceae Albizia odoratissima Suruya Mara T N 1 Fabaceae Peltophorum pterocarpum Kaha Mara T N 1 Moraceae Ficus benghalensis Nuga T N 1 Rubiaceae Mitragyna tubulosa Helamba T N 1 Sapindaceae Lepisanthes tetraphylla Dabu T N 1 Sterculiaceae Sterculia foedida Telambu T N 1
xii
Terrestrial and aquatic flora found in the Proposed Bypass.
Abbreviations HA – Habit CS – Conservation status RS – Roadside Vegetation T – Tree TR – Threatened HG – Home Garden S – Shrub E – Endemic PF – Paddy Field C – Climber or Creeper TS – Taxonomic status WA – Waterways and Associated H – Herb I – Introduced Vegetation Ep – Epiphyte N-Native
Family Species Local Name HA TS CS RS WA PF HG Acanthaceae Hygrophola schulli Niramulliya H N 1 Amaranthaceae Achyranthes aspera Gas Karal Heba H N 1 1 Amaranthaceae Aerva lanata Pol Pala H N 1 1 Amaranthaceae Alternanthera sessilis Mukunuwenna H N 1 1 Anacardium Anacardiaceae occidentale Cadju T I 1 Lannea Anacardiaceae coromandelica Hik T N 1 1 1 Anacardiaceae Mangifera indica Amba T I 1 1 Annonaceae Polyalthia longifolia Ovila T N 1 Ichnocarpus Apocynaceae frutescens C N 1 Apocynaceae Thevetia peruviana Kaha Kaneru T I 1 Arecaceae Borassus flabellifer Tal T I 1 1 Arecaceae Calamus rotang Heen Wewel C N 1 1 Arecaceae Cocos nucifera Pol T N 1 Asteraceae Ageratum conyzoides Hulan Tala H I 1 1 Asteraceae Eclipta prostrata Kikirindiya H N 1 Asteraceae Eupatorium odoratum Podisinnamaran S I 1 1 1 Asteraceae Mikania cordata Vatu Palu H N 1 1 1 1 Asteraceae Tridax procumbens H I 1 1 Monara Asteraceae Vernonia cinerea Kudumbiya H N 1 1 Capparaceae Cleome viscose Wal Aba H N 1 1 Combretaceae Terminalia catappa Kottan T I 1 1 Commelinaceae Commelina sp. Gira Pala H N 1 1 Convolvulaceae Ipomoea pes-tigridis Divi Adiya C N Cyperaceae Cyperus rotundus Kaladuru H N 1 1 1 Cyperaceae Cyperus sp. H N 1 Cyperaceae Eleocharis sp. H N 1 Cyperaceae Fimbristylis sp. H N 1 Euphorbiaceae Bridelia retusa Ketakela T N 1 1 Euphorbiaceae Croton hirtus H I 1 1 Euphorbiaceae Croton laccifer Keppetiya S N 1 Euphorbiaceae Flueggea leucopyrus Katu Pila S N 1 Euphorbiaceae Jatropha curcas Weta Endaru T I 1 1 Euphorbiaceae Ricinus communis Endaru S I 1 1 xiii Family Species Local Name HA TS CS RS WA PF HG Fabaceae Bauhinia racemosa Maila T N 1 1 Fabaceae Cassia fistula Ahala T N 1 Fabaceae Cassia occidentalis Ath Tora S N 1 1 1 Fabaceae Cassia tora Pani Tora H N 1 1 Crotalaria Fabaceae laburnifolia H N 1 1 1 Fabaceae Delonix regia Mai Mara T I 1 Heen Fabaceae Desmodium triflorum Undupiyaliya H N 1 1 1 Fabaceae Erythrina variegate Erabadu T N 1 Fabaceae Gliricidia sepium Weta Mara T I 1 1 Leucaena Fabaceae leucocephala Ipil Ipil T I 1 1 Fabaceae Mimosa pudica Nidikumba H I 1 1 1 Fabaceae Tephrosia purpurea Pila H N 1 1 1 Lamiaceae Hyptis suaveolens Madurutala H I 1 1 1 Heen Lamiaceae Ocimum americanum Maduruthala H I 1 1 1 Malvaceae Abutilon indicum S N 1 1 Malvaceae Sida acuta Gas Bevila H N 1 1 1 Malvaceae Urena lobata Epala S N 1 1 Marsiliaceae Marsilia quadrifolia H N 1 1 Meliaceae Azadirachta indica Kohomba T N 1 1 Artocarpus Moraceae heterophyllus Kos T I 1 Moraceae Ficus benghalensis Nuga T N 1 1 Moraceae Ficus racemosa Attikka T N 1 Moraceae Ficus religiosa Bo T N 1 Moraceae Ficus sp. Nuga T N 1 Moringaceae Moringa oleifera Murunga T I 1 1 Musaceae Musa x paradisiacal Kesel T I 1 Myrtaceae Psidium guajava Pera T I 1 Myrtaceae Syzygium cumini Madan T N 1 Onagraceae Ludwigia perennis H N 1 Poaceae Cynodon dactylon H N 1 Poaceae Imperata cylindrical Iluk H N 1 1 1 Poaceae Oryza sativa Wi H N 1 Poaceae Panicum maximum Rata Tana H I 1 1 1 Rhamnaceae Ziziphus oenoplia Eraminiya C N 1 1 Rutaceae Chloroxylon swietenia Buruta T N 1 1 Rutaceae Limonia acidissima Divul T N 1 1 Sapindaceae Filicium decipiens Pihimbiya T N 1 1 Sapotaceae Manilkara hexandra Palu T N 1 Scrophulariaceae Scoparia dulcis Wal Kottamalli H I 1 Tiliaceae Berrya cordifolia Halmilla T N 1 Tiliaceae Muntingia calabura Jam T I 1 Holoptelea Ulmaceae integrifolia Goda Kirilla T N 1 Verbenaceae Lantana camara Gandapana S I 1 1 1 Verbenaceae Tectona grandis Tekka T I 1 1 Verbenaceae Vitex altissima Milla T N 1 1
xiv Terrestrial and aquatic fauna found in the Proposed Bypass Road .
Abbreviations. RS – Roadside Vegetation HG – Home Garden PF – Paddy Field WA – Waterways and Associated Vegetation Habitats Family and Scientific Name Common Name Status RS PF HG WA Order: Lepidoptera Butterflies Family: Papilionidae Papilio polyes Common mormon Indigenous+ + Family: Pieridae Erema hecabe Common grass yellow Indigenous + Catopsilia pomona Lemon migrant Indigenous + Eurema brigitta Small grass yellow Indigenous + Family: Danaidae Danaus chrysippus Plain tiger Indigenous+ Family: Acraeidae Acraea violae Tawny coster Indigenous + + Class- Ostecthyes Bony fishes Family- Anabantidae Anabas testudineus Climbing perch Indigenous + Family-Cichlidae Oreochromis mossambicus Tillapia Exotic + Oreochromis niloticus Tillapia Exotic + CLASS: AMPHBIA Amphibians Family– Bufonidae Bufo melanostictus Common house toad Indigenous + Family– Ranidae Limnonectes limnocharis Common paddy field frog Indigenous + Family–Microhylidae Class: REPTILIIA Reptilels Family: Agamidae Calotes calotes Green garden lizard Indigenous + Family: Varanidae Varanus salvator Water monitor Indigenous + + Family-Gekkonidae Hemidactylus frenatus Common house gecko Indigenous + Class: AVES Birds Family: Phalacrocoracidae Phalacrocorax niger Little cormorant Indigenous Family: Ardeidae Casmerodius albus Great egret Indigenous + Mesophoyx intermedia Intermediate egret Indigenous + Egretta grazetta Little egret Indigenous + xv Habitats Family and Scientific Name Common Name Status RS PF HG WA Bubulcus ibis Cattle egret Indigenous + + Ardeola grayii Pond heron Indigenous + Ichthyophaga ichthyaetus Grey headed fishing eagle Family: Rallidae Amaurornis phoenicurus White-breasted water hen Indigenous + + Family: Charadriidae Vanellus indicus Red wattled lapwing Indigenous + Family: Columbidae Streptopelia chinensis Spotted dove Indigenous+ + Columba livia Domestic pigeon Indigenous + Family: Psittacidae Psittacula krameri Rose-ring parakeet Indigenous+ + Family: Halcyonidae Halcyon smyrnensis White breasted kingfisher Indigenous+ + + Family:Pycnonotidae Pycnonotus cafera Red vented bulbul Indigenous+ + + Family: Phasianidae Pavo cristatus Indian peafowl Indigenous + + Family: Coraciidae Coracias benghalensis Indian roller Indigenous+ Family: Timaliidae Turdoides affinis Common babbler Indigenous+ + Family:Corvidae Corvus splendens House crow Indigenous+ + + Family: Sturnidae Acridotheres tristis Common myna Indigenous+ + Family: Passeridae Passer domesticus House sparrow Indigenous+ + + Class: MAMALIA Mammals Family- Bovidae + Bos indicus Domestic cow Domestic + + Bubalus bubalis Domestic water buffalo Exotic + + Family- Canidae Canis familiaris Domestic dog Domestic + Felis cattus Domestic cat Domestic + Family- Sciuridae Funambulus palmarum Palm squirrel Indigenous + + Family- Pteropodidae Pteropus giganteus Flying fox Indigenous + + Rousettus leschenaultii Dog faced fruit bat Indigenous+ + Family-Leporidae Lepus nigricollis singhala Black napped hare Indigenous +
xvi Terrestrial and aquatic flora found in the existing Bypass.
Abbreviations
HA – Habit C – Climber or Creeper TR – Threatened TS – Taxonomic status E – Endemic Ep – Epiphyte CS – Conservation status T – Tree S – Shrub H – Herb I – Introduced N-Native RS – Roadside Vegetation HG – Home Garden PF – Paddy Field WB – Water bodies
H C R W P H Family Species Local Name A TS S S B F G Aerva lanata Pol Pala H N + + Amaranthaceae Alternanthera Mukunuwenn sessilis a H N + + Anacardium occidentale Cadju T I + Anacardiaceae Mangifera indica Amba T I + + Thevetia Apocynaceae peruviana Kaha Kaneru T I + Borassus Arecaceae flabellifer Tal T I + + Cocos nucifera Pol T N + Ageratum conyzoides Hulan Tala H I + + Eupatorium Podisinnama odoratum ran S I + + + Mikania cordata Vatu Palu H N + + + + Tridax procumbens H I + + Asteraceae Vernonia Monara cinerea Kudumbiya H N + + Capparaceae Cleome viscosa Wal Aba H N + + Terminalia Combretaceae catappa Kottan T I + + Commelinaceae Commelina sp. Gira Pala H N + + Ipomoea pes- Convolvulaceae tigridis Divi Adiya C N Cyperus Cyperaceae rotundus Kaladuru H N + + + Bridelia retusa Ketakela T N + + Croton laccifer Keppetiya S N + Flueggea leucopyrus Katu Pila S N + Jatropha curcas Weta Endaru T I + + Euphorbiaceae Ricinus communis Endaru S I + + xvii Bauhinia racemosa Maila T N + + Cassia fistula Ahala T N + Cassia occidentalis Ath Tora S N + + + Cassia tora Pani Tora H N + + Delonix regia Mai Mara T I + Desmodium Heen triflorum Undupiyaliya H N + + + Erythrina variegata Erabadu T N + Gliricidia sepium Weta Mara T I + + Leucaena leucocephala Ipil Ipil T I + + Mimosa pudica Nidikumba H I + + + Fabaceae Tephrosia purpurea Pila H N + + + Hyptis Lamiaceae suaveolens Madurutala H I + + + Malvaceae Sida acuta Gas Bevila H N + + + Azadirachta Meliaceae indica Kohomba T N + + Artocarpus heterophyllus Kos T I + Ficus benghalensis Nuga T N + + Moraceae Ficus racemosa Attikka T N + + Ficus religiosa Bo T N + Moringa Moringaceae oleifera Murunga T I + + Musa x Musaceae paradisiaca Kesel T I + Myrtaceae Syzygium cumini Madan T N + Imperata cylindrica Iluk H N + + + Oryza sativa Wi H N + Poaceae Panicum maximum Rata Tana H I + + + Ziziphus Rhamnaceae oenoplia Eraminiya C N + + Chloroxylon swietenia Buruta T N + + Rutaceae Limonia acidissima Divul T N + + Filicium Sapindaceae decipiens Pihimbiya T N + + Manilkara Sapotaceae hexandra Palu T N + xviii Berrya cordifolia Halmilla T N + Tiliaceae Muntingia calabura Jam T I + Holoptelea Ulmaceae integrifolia Goda Kirilla T N +
xix Annex 3.2 Grama Niladhari Divisions - A006 Road
DS division GN division Palugaswewa Habarana town Hingurakgoda Moragaswewa, Galoya, Singhagama Kantale Akbopura, Kantale, Tambalagamuwa Galmotiyawa North Galmotiyawa South Palampothiya Pathukudiruppuwa Pokkuroonie Weeranagar Sirajnagar Mollipothana North Mollipothana
Trincomalee Muthunagar, Kapultaree, Selvanagarapuram, Chinabay, Anandamkulam, Singhapura, Mihindupura, Pilliyadi, Abayapura, Modiko, Lihininagar, Pillainagar
Annex 3.3 - Details of Affected Property
Name of the Road : Habarana - Kanthale Road Starting Point : From 113 Km Ending Point : Until 157.15 Km Inside Row Inside 25m DS, GN, Roads going across Houses Industries Fence Public Places, Public Places, Pradeshiya the Street, L/R Km Slightly City Permane Permane Tempor Wall Gate Barb Institutes and Institutes and Saba and Urban Electricity, Permane Temporary Status Iron nt nt ary wire Property Property Council Telephone, Water nt
P.O Habarana Habarana L0
Public Cemetery Habarana L 0.3 R 0.6 1 R 1.5 1 R 1.9 1/4 1/2 R2 1 Rail Road Habarana R/L 2.2 1 Galoya Railway Station L 2.2 1 Habarana Forest Office L 2.4 Habarana R 2.4 1/2
60 feet Kalu gal Tributary lake Galoya wetiya - Galoya L 4.7 L 13.3 1
Central Medical Office Hathares Kotuwa L 14.4
Junior School Hathares kotuwa L 14.8 1/2
Police Station Hathares kotuwa L15 S.P.O Hathares Minneriya Road R15 kotuwa L 15.1 1/2 R 15.3 1/2 Inside Row Inside 25m DS, GN, Roads going across Houses Industries Fence Public Places, Public Places, Pradeshiya the Street, L/R Km Slightly City Permane Permane Tempor Wall Gate Barb Institutes and Institutes and Saba and Urban Electricity, Permane Temporary Status Iron nt nt ary wire Property Property Council Telephone, Water nt Galoya Galoya L 15.4 2 Bridge L 15.6 1/2 R 17 1/2 L 17.6 1/2 R 17.8 1/2 R 17.9 1/4 R 18.2 1/4
1/4 3 1/4 9 1/2 16 2 50< 2 1/2 2 1/2 24 1 18 51-100 1 L 18.3 1/2 R 18.5 1/2
Police Checkpoint - Mahamorakanda L 19.2 L 23.8 1/2 Police Checkpoint - L 24.5 Yakavanguwa R 25.5 S.P.O Aluthoya Police Checkpoint - L 25.6 Aluthoya
Aluthoya and Bridge R 25.7 Aluthoya Vidyalaya, L 26.1 Sinhagama L 26.4 1/2 ... Center Sinhagama, Isipathanaramaya L 26.5 - Sinhagama Grama Niladhari R 26.6 Office Aluthoya S.P.O L 26.7 Sinhagama Inside Row Inside 25m DS, GN, Roads going across Houses Industries Fence Public Places, Public Places, Pradeshiya the Street, L/R Km Slightly City Permane Permane Tempor Wall Gate Barb Institutes and Institutes and Saba and Urban Electricity, Permane Temporary Status Iron nt nt ary wire Property Property Council Telephone, Water nt R 27.7 1 R 27.8 1/4 R 28.7 1/4 L29 1/2 Medical Center L 29.7 Sinhagama Police Checkpoint L 32.9 Galpoththa Kithuluthuwa L 34.9 Temple Kithuluthuwa Medirigiriya Road, Police Check Yodha Ela R36 point R 36.1 1/2
Kithuluthuwa Public Cemetary R 36.5 R 37.4 1/2 R 37.6 High Voltage line R 38 1/2 L 38.3 1 R 38.6 1/2 Police check R 39.8 point Agbopura L 39.9 1/2 R 40 1/2 L 40 1/2 L 40.2 1/4 R 40.3 1/4 R 40.7 1/2 L 40.9 2 L41 2 L 41.2 1 R 41.2 1/2 R 41.3 150 Inside Row Inside 25m DS, GN, Roads going across Houses Industries Fence Public Places, Public Places, Pradeshiya the Street, L/R Km Slightly City Permane Permane Tempor Wall Gate Barb Institutes and Institutes and Saba and Urban Electricity, Permane Temporary Status Iron nt nt ary wire Property Property Council Telephone, Water nt L 41.3 1/4 2 1 Kanthale Sugar 85 post temple R 41.4 1/4 Factory Road 1/4 potion of Technical 100 Training Center L 41.4 1/2 2 building L 41.5 1 25 R 41.5 1/2 2 R 41.6 1/4 R 41.7 1/2 R 41.8 1/2 R 42 1/2 1/2 R 42.2 1/2 2 L 42.3 1/2 R 42.4 1/2 1/2 L 42.5 Kanthale ... R 42.7 1/2 2 Cemetery R 42.9 Kanthale R 43.2 1/2 L 43.2 1 L 43.3 1/2 R 43.4 1/2 L 43.6 1 L 43.7 1/4 1 R 43.8 L 44 1/2 Seruwila Road Annex 3.3 - Details of Affected Property-Contd..
Name of the Road : Existing Bypass-From Seruwila junction, through Kanthale to Clock Tower juction. Starting Point : Seruwila junction Ending Point : Kanthale Clock Tower juction Inside Row Inside 25m Roads going DS, GN, across the Houses Industries Barb Public Places, Public Places, Pradeshiya Street, L/R Km Slightly Wall City Permane Permane Tempora Gates wires Iron Institutes and Institutes and Saba and Urban Electricity, Permane Temporary Status (Feet) nt nt ry (Feet) Property Property Council Telephone, nt Water Agricultural Seed Research Institue R0 Assistant Agricultural L0 Director's Office Seed production R 0.2 50 Farm High voltage L/R 1.5 electric wires L/R 2.3 Railway Road L 2.4 1/2 60 2 25 Muslim Maha Vidyalaya, L 2.5 150 feet wall Perathuweli L 2.6 1/4 1/2 2 50 2 R 2.7 1/2 L 2.7 1/2 40 2 2 100 feet wall Muslim church, 1/2 L 2.9 20 and gate Potakotuwa L3 1/2 30 L 3.1 1/4 2 50 2 L 3.2 1/4 3 60 1 R 3.3 1/4 4 Lake going till Thambalagamu L/R 3.4 wa L 3.5 1/4 1/4 Pradeshiya Sabha R 3.5 Kanthale 75 feet barb Co-operative shop wire fence and committee, R 3.6 gate Kanthale R 3.7 1/4 8 R 3.8 1/4 7 Inside Row Inside 25m Roads going DS, GN, across the Houses Industries Barb Public Places, Public Places, Pradeshiya Street, L/R Km Slightly Wall City Permane Permane Tempora Gates wires Iron Institutes and Institutes and Saba and Urban Electricity, Permane Temporary Status (Feet) nt nt ry (Feet) Property Property Council Telephone, nt Water L 3.8 1/4 3 L 3.9 1/4 8 R 3.9 1/4 4 Welington Road
1/4 7 1/4 35 1/2 3 50 6 6 504-2 1/2 4 50-100 2 100>-1 Annex 3.3 - Details of Affected Property- Contd..
Name of the Road : Existing Bypass-From Seruwila junction, through Kanthale to Clock Tower juction Starting Point : Seruwila junction Ending Point : Kanthale Clock Tower juction Roads going Inside Row Inside 25m across the DS, GN, Houses Industries Street, L/R Km Public Places, Public Places, Pradeshiya Saba City Electricity, Slightly Temporar Wall Gate Fence Other Institutes and Institutes and and Urban Council Permanent Temporary Permanent Status Telephone, Permanent y Property Property Water Raja Maha Viharaya, Kanthale L4 Welinnarama R 4 1/4 8 R 4.1 1/4 8 Aggabodhi School, Raja Ela L 4.1 Kanthale Road L 4.2 1/2 Police Station, R 4.3 Kanthale Peoples' Bank L 4.3 Kanthale R 4.4 1/4 12 L 4.4 1/4 15 L 4.5 1/4 18 R 4.5 1/4 15 L 4.6 1/4 14 R 4.7 1/4 10 L 4.7 1/4 15 R 4.8 1/4 8 Bank of ceylon R 4.9 Kanthale
Regional Education Office Kanthale R5 Lanka Electricity R 5.2 Board Office
Road Development Authority Office R 5.3 L/R 5.5 The End (Kanthale ClockTower junction) A6 Road going until Thrikunamalaya Annex 4.1- Forest Department’s Criteria for Road Development Projects
i Annex 5.1 National Highways Sector Project –Habarana-Trincomalee A006 Road & Bypass Roads
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN
Supervision Environmental Parameters to be Approximate ( throughout the Project Stage Location Frequency Standards Rate Implementation component Monitored cost (SRs) construction Period)
5 location in Contractor Design, design (baseline), Design -1 through Construction TSPM, PM10, NAAQS of Sri SRs 50,000 PIU,RDA( SED), Construction -3 2,000,000 approved stage NOx, CO, SO , Pb Lanka per Sample SC 2 5 locations in times/Yr monitoring
Air construction agency Quality Operation stage SPM, RPM, NOx, 5 locations 2 times/Yr NAAQS of Sri SRs 50,000 500,000 Contractor RDA(SED) CO, HC, Pb, SO2 Lanka per Sample through approved monitoring agency Water Quality Design, EC, pH, DO, TSS, 5 locations Design – 1 CEA Water SRs. 15,000 225,000 RDA(SED) PIU, RDA(SED), Construction BOD, Oil and Cons. – 2 Quality per sample2 SC stage grease, lead, times/Yr for 1 Yr Regulations travel E.Coli.
EC, pH, DO, TSS, 5 locations Design – 1 CEA Water SRs. 15,000 225,000 RDA(SED) PIU, RDA(SED), BOD, Oil and Cons. – 2 Quality per sample2 SC Operation stage grease, lead, times/Yr for 1 Yr Regulations travel E.Coli. Noise levels Design dB levels Design -5 locations Design -1 National SRs. 12,000 360,000 Contractor PIU, RDA(SED), Construction Cons –5 locations Construction.-2 Environmental Per day through SC stage times/Yr for 1 Yr (Noise Control) sample3 approved Regulations monitoring agency Operation stage dB levels 5 locations 2 times SRs. 12,000 120,000 Contractor RDA(SED) National per sample through Environmental approved (Noise Control) monitoring Regulations agency Flora Design Stage Tree species & Trees to be felled RDA(SED) – PIU, RDA(SED), Census all along route through DF ( Also use the 1 visit Forest SRs. 20,000 20,000 appointed information Ordinance per visit Ecologist provided in the IEE) Construction All along route at Forest SRs. 20,000 RDA(SED) – RDA(SED) , DF stage Tree felling desired places. 1 visit Ordinance per visit through permissions As directed by 20,000 appointed Department of Ecologist i Supervision Environmental Parameters to be Approximate ( throughout the Project Stage Location Frequency Standards Rate Implementation component Monitored cost (SRs) construction Period)
Forestry
Fauna Design Stage Provisions for As specified in the 1 visits As directed by LA 20,000 RDA(SED) PIU fauna crossings. IEE( especially in ( Environmental through SRs. 20,000 use the information sanctuaries & Officer ) appointed per visit provided in the forest reserves) ecologist IEE) Fauna safety. As specified in the 4 visits As directed by LA SRs. 20,000 80,000 RDA(SED) PIU Disturbance to IEE( especially in ( Environmental per visit through Construction fauna. sanctuaries & Officer ) appointed Stage Use the forest reserves) Ecologist recommendations in IEE Operation Stage Faunal crossings As specified in the 4 visits As directed by LA 80,000 RDA(SED) PIU IEE( especially in ( Environmental SRs. 20,000 through sanctuaries & Officer ) per visit 4 appointed forest reserves) Ecologist Total 3,650,000
Notes:
Design Stage = Baseline Stage
Air quality- The rate per sample includes: Laboratory analysis –10,000; Equipment rental – 10,000; technical staff – 8000. , PLUS Transportation – 12,000., Experts salary @ 10,000 (Rs50,000 all per sample) Water quality : Rs. 15,000 per sample ( all inclusive) Noise Level: Rs. 12,000 per sample ( all inclusive)
RDA(SED)=Road Development Authority. , PIU=Project Implementation Unit, SC=supervision consultant, TSPM=total suspended particulate matter, PM10=respirable particulate matter<10micrometers diameter, SO2=sulphur dioxide, NOx=oxides of nitrogen, CO=carbon monoxide, HC=hydrocarbons, Pb=lead. NAAQS= National Air Quality Standards, LA= Local authority, DF= Department of Forestry DWL= Department of Wildlife
One Location should be selected to represent A006, Existing Bypass and the Proposed Bypass
ii Annex 5.2- HABARANA-KANTALE ROAD( A006) & BYPASS ROADS - ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
Environmental Issue Mitigatory Action Approximate Time Frame Cost Institutional Institutional Location Estimate Responsibility Responsibility (Construction) (Supervision) Construction Impacts Cut & fill areas During Engineering Contractor PIU, Erosion & siltation in cut and Proper compaction, work done in dry construction cost RDA(ESD), fill areas periods, soil dumps covered. period Contractor, LA (EO) Throughout the During Engineering Contractor PIU, Effects to water ways, drains Drainage measures given above. trace construction cost RDA(ESD), and adjacent lands- sediment Proper design of coffer dam according period Contractor, LA eroded from open soil dumps to the waterway discharge (EO), deposition in adjacent management waterways, water retardation by coffer dams. Impacts on rock blasting 118+000km During Engineering Contractor PIU, Obtain license from GSMB and adhere construction cost RDA(ESD), to the conditions laid out therein. period Contractor, LA Carry out pre blasting surveys within (EO), GSMB 500m radius of the blasting site.
i Environmental Issue Mitigatory Action Approximate Time Frame Cost Institutional Institutional Location Estimate Responsibility Responsibility (Construction) (Supervision) Stakeholder consultation, traffic & Throughout the During Engineering Contractor PIU, Impacts due to land clearing, other warning signs, traffic controlling trace construction cost RDA(ESD), filling, excavation, earth measures, proper earth fill compaction, period Contractor, LA( moving and dumping of coordination should be established EO) unwanted materials etc. with the relevant line agencies ( police etc.), advance notices to public , earth Dumping of unwanted material transported without spilling , covers by the side of the road surface used to avoid such soil spillage. Care or earth moving while on utilities such as electricity, construction is in progress telecommunication lines water mains would cause etc. Identification of suitable soil erosion, siltation, and traffic dumping places with the help of Local congestion Authority. Obtain approvals from LA & CEA. Removal of soil dumps in a nuisance free manner. Non obstruction of drainage pattern because of such activities. No material dumping in waterways. Materials obtained from approved Throughout the During Engineering Contractor PIU, Impacts due to extraction and quarry sites, the impacts caused are trace, and material construction cost RDA(ESD), transportation of construction limited to those respective sites and extraction sites period Contractor, LA( materials (sand, soil and Metal there is no significant impact on the EO) etc.) road trace area.
No pits should be left in quarry sites to gather stagnant water. Standard precautionary measures should be adopted in blasting operations. Obtain approvals from GSMB & CEA. Social inconvenience owing to Impact temporary. Use medium scale Throughout the During To be Contractor PIU, noise & vibration less noise generating construction trace & adjacent construction determined RDA(ESD), equipment. Timely servicing of areas. period on social Contractor, LA( construction equipment to reduce claims EO) noise. Impacts on existing Adopt proper structural measures Throughout the During To be Contractor PIU, structures such as bridges, during construction. Adopt correct trace but as construction determined RDA(ESD),
ii Environmental Issue Mitigatory Action Approximate Time Frame Cost Institutional Institutional Location Estimate Responsibility Responsibility (Construction) (Supervision) culverts and other irrigation opening sizes. sporadic locations. period by the Contractor, LA( and drainage structures. epartment of EO) Consult farmer requirements in case of Irrigation, irrigation structures of the proposed RDA bypass road. Provide crossings for all irrigation channels crossing the road. Liaise with NWS&DB, CEB, SLT, C At predetermined During To be Contractor PIU, Impacts in other infrastructure & obtain utility plans & shifting locations construction determined RDA(ESD), facilities (water, electricity and arrangement, machine operator especially town period CEB, SLT Contractor, LA( telecommunication) awareness about utilities areas. & EO), NWS&DB, NWS&DB CEB, SLT The widening activities of the and road will impact the existing Included in utilities such as water mains/ Engineering distribution lines, cost telecommunication & electricity lines. One of the major water mains runs along the present road edge on the left hand side of the road. Disturbance to floral vegetation Replant endemic tree species.( e.g. Trees have to be During To be Contractor PIU, especially in the road ROW in lianas, creepers & other trees). removed from construction determined RDA(ESD), reserves. home gardens, period under design Contractor, LA( Liaise with Department of Forestry Road reservation, cost EO), DF (DF) and carry out tree census. sanctuaries and Remove trees only which are forest reserves. extremely necessary, with permission of DF Disturbance to fauna especially Consult with the local ranger/ local At sporadic During To be Contractor PIU, in sanctuaries. E.g. elephant Department of Wildlife to obtain locations of the construction determined RDA(ESD), crossings. guidance for construction work to trace especially in period under design Contractor, LA( minimize impacts to the movement of sanctuaries and cost EO), DWL the elephants. forest reserves. Since fauna are Caution should be exercised during mobile no fixed the dry months such as August as location except for
iii Environmental Issue Mitigatory Action Approximate Time Frame Cost Institutional Institutional Location Estimate Responsibility Responsibility (Construction) (Supervision) elephant roaming is more frequent. few elephant Contractor should reduce all activities crossings at that create noise and should take into 122km, account the suggestions by 123km133-135km Department of wild Life Conservation.
No night work in the road section located nearby the sanctuaries.
No labour camp should be allowed to be established nearby the sanctuaries. Do not leave soil dumps, metal piles in such areas as they act as barriers. No use of flashlights in these areas. Social Impacts - Social Traffic management, minimize night Throughout the During To be Contractor PIU, inconvenience owing to traffic work using noise generation trace construction determined RDA(ESD), congestion, noise, dust , equipment , water sprinkling to stop period on social Contractor, LA equipment movement dust emanation , liaise with AP’s claims (EO) around to identify difficulties Minimise disturbances to schools, hospitals , religious places during construction. Place additional foot paths necessary to provide access intact to these places. Site safety Adopt all standard site safety At all work places During Engineering Contractor PIU, measures. Warnings, awareness, within and outside construction cost RDA(ESD), protective clothing, masks for workers, the trace. period Contractor first aid, training to work safely & regular safety checks. Obtain necessary insurance cover. Social problems owing to alien Labour supervision, awareness Near labour camps During To be Contractor PIU, labor gangs. E.g. communal programmes, labour welfare. and at work sites construction determined RDA(ESD), diseases. within the road period on social Contractor trace. claims Pollution of water bodies from Monitoring of water quality All water During To be Contractor PIU, spills and leakages from parameters in water bodies. Timely suspected bodies construction determined RDA(ESD),
iv Environmental Issue Mitigatory Action Approximate Time Frame Cost Institutional Institutional Location Estimate Responsibility Responsibility (Construction) (Supervision) vehicles equipment and from servicing of construction vehicles & close to or crossing period by RDA Contractor & temporary workers toilet equipment. Obtain CEA approvals for the road trace. Appointed Water facilities. vehicle servicing stations. Quality Expert Provide water sealed toilet Contractor & facilities preferably Local Authority with PVC septic tanks. Timely clearing of the contents of the septic tanks. Impacts on tubewells which are Reconstruct tube wells away from 131+200km, To be Contractor PIU very close to ROW. ROW. Carry out fresh groundwater 145+000, determined RDA(ESD), investigations. 150+500km, by RDA & NWS&DB/WRB 155+000km included in the engineering cost Other concerns related to The necessary environmental Kantale- During To be Detailed design PIU and ESD possible change of road assessment study will need to be Trincomalee detailed determined consultant alignment carried out, if the final alignment will section, design by RDA & be different from the alignment studied Existing bypass phase included in as part of this IEE road, the Proposed Bypass engineering Road cost Operational Impacts Increase of traffic density Throughout the During To be ** RDA(ESD) trace operation determined period by RDA Creation of potholes etc. on the Quality assurance of construction Throughout the During Maintenance ** RDA(ESD) road surface & resulting traffic work. Recurrent maintenance trace at sporadic operation cost & social problems programme. locations period Clogging of culverts & side Recurrent maintenance program. At culvert During Maintenance ** RDA(ESD), LA drains by sediment & other locations. operation cost debris. period
v Environmental Issue Mitigatory Action Approximate Time Frame Cost Institutional Institutional Location Estimate Responsibility Responsibility (Construction) (Supervision) Enhanced noise owing to National level mitigatory measures. Throughout the During To be ** RDA(ESD), LA traffic density growth Cannot adopt the road trace specific trace operation determined mitigatory measures. Noise warning period by RDA & signs near sensitive areas such as Irrigation schools should be displayed. Department & included in maintenance cost Increased emission of National level mitigatory measures- Throughout the During To be ** GOSL obnoxious fumes because i.e. vehicle emission control. Cannot trace operation determined traffic density growth adopt the road trace specific mitigatory period by RDA measures Increased impacts on fauna. i.e. Provide warning signs. In sanctuaries and To be ** GOSL disturbance due to noise and forest reserves. determined vibration and accidents with Elephant crossings by RDA fauna such as elephant roaming at 122km, especially during dry months 123km133-135km such as August. Road safety measures Centerline marking, provision of studs, Covering entire During Engineering ** PIU, RDA , cycle lanes, proper horizontal curves, trace. Some items operation cost Contractor bus bays, authorized bus stops. Sign such as bus bays period boards for elephant & cattle crossings. will come at Conducting awareness programs selected locations regarding road safety only. Notes: 1. Mitigation costs are intermingled with the road rehabilitation costs ( i.e. the cost of civil engineering works). Cost for environmental monitoring is indicated in the Monitoring Plan. 2. Contract document references for necessary environmental impact mitigation stipulations should be included at the preparation stage of contract documents. 3. PIU= Project Implementation Unit, LA= Local authority, EO= Environmental Officer, RDA= Road Development authority, GOSL = Government of Sri Lanka, NWS&DB= National Water Supply & Drainage Board, CEB= Ceylon Electricity Board, SLT= Sri Lanka Telecom, DF= Department of Forestry, DWL= Department of Wild Life, WRB= Water Resource Board, GSMB= Geological Survey &^ Mines Bureau
vi
Annex 6.1- Habarana – Trincomalee - Section of A006 Road- Initial Environmental Examination Summary of Public Consultation ( Including the Existing and Proposed Bypass)
Stakeholders / Key Participants Date of Issues Raised/Concerns Measures Proposed Individuals Designation Consultation Expressed Consulted Institution D. M Community leader 50B Galoya 13.11.06 Congestion due to long Timely completion Kusumawathi Junction term construction of constructions
L.L Seelawathei Community leader 21, Galoya Congestion due to long Timely completion Junction term construction of constructions Community leader 21, Galoya Non-availability of vehicle Sunil Darmasiri Provide such places Junction parking space S T Ariyaratna Community leader 21, Galoya Non-availability of vehicle Provide such places Junction parking space P Atula Community leader 21, Galoya Non-availability of vehicle Provide such places Goonaratne Junction parking space Community leader 122, Aluth Oya Demolishing of portion of Compensation – H G Padmasiri Singhegama houses. market rate Hiruni Nisansala Community leader 122 Aluth Oya Demolishing of portion of Compensation – Singhegama houses. market rate Upali Ariwansa Community leader 122 Aluth Oya Demolishing of portion of Compensation – Singhegama houses. market rate Community leader Jananas’ Stores Demolishing of portion of Compensation – Sarath Jayasinghe Aluth Oya houses. market rate Singhegama D M Community leader Aluth Oya Demolishing of portion of Compensation – Badaramenike Singhegama houses. market rate Y P Nishantha Community leader Aluth Oya Demolishing of portion of Compensation –
i Stakeholders / Key Participants Date of Issues Raised/Concerns Measures Proposed Individuals Designation Consultation Expressed Consulted Institution Guruge Singhegama houses. market rate K Kamala Community leader Aluth Oya Demolishing of portion of Compensation – Nishamani Singhegama houses. market rate S Martin Community leader Martin Stores, 14.11.06 Aquvision of portion of Timely Kitulukuwa land compensation Wasantha Community leader Kitulukuwa Aquvision of portion of Timely Madduma Bandara land compensation U B Dissanayake Community leader Kitulukuwa Aquvision of portion of Timely land compensation Nadun Kumarasiri Community leader 67 Junction, Aquvision of portion of Timely Akbopura land compensation K Kaunaratna Community leader 67 Junction Aquvision of portion of Timely Akbopura land compensation S P Dayaratne Community leader 67 Junction Poor quality of Obtained services of Akbopura construction reputed company Bandula Wijesiri Community leader 67 Junction Poor quality of Obtained services of Akbopura construction reputed company A R Wijesinghe Community leader Kitulukuwa, 15.11.06 Poor quality of Obtained services of Akbopura construction reputed company L Madduma Community leader Aluth Oya Bandara Singehgama Provide facilities for Parking places for containers containers P Kumaradasa Community leader Moragaswewa, Provide facilities for Parking places for Habarana containers containers H M Lalith Community leader Moragaswewa, Provide facilities for Parking places for Kumara Habarana containers containers W B S Ratnasena Planning Director, DS Office Significant road from Needs better Kantale national security point of improvement view ii Stakeholders / Key Participants Date of Issues Raised/Concerns Measures Proposed Individuals Designation Consultation Expressed Consulted Institution Sirimewan Significant road from Needs better DS Office, Darmasena DS national security point of improvement Kantale view H A P GN Kantale Town Problems during Involvement of GNs Chithananda compensation Y Wanigatunga GN Galoya Problems during Involvement of GNs compensation V G Nimalasiri GN Habarana town Problems during Involvement of GNs compensation K Parameswaram Planning Director DS Office, 26.12.06 Poor quality of Hiring of reputed Kantale construction company G Kaneshwaram Assistant DS DS Office, Poor quality of Hiring of reputed Kantale construction company J A Jayawickrama Community leader Chekarasapura, Negative impact on Compensation for Kantale business activities income foregone D S Silva Community leader Chekarasapura, Negative impact on Timely & proper Kantale business structures compensation D M Dingiri Community leader R1 91, Kantale Negative impact on Timely & proper business structures compensation Priyanta Community leader R1 91 Kantale Negative impact on Timely & proper Jayawickrama business structures compensation Deepani Community leader R1 91, Kantale Negative impact on Timely & proper Kusumalatha business structures compensation P M Alwis Community leader 96 Junction, 27.12.06 Recruitment of local Opportunities for local Gantalawa, people people Kantale A G Gunawardana Community leader 87 Junction, Opportunities for local Recruitment of local Kantale people people Kumara Gamage Community leader 87 Junction, Opportunities for local Recruitment of local iii Stakeholders / Key Participants Date of Issues Raised/Concerns Measures Proposed Individuals Designation Consultation Expressed Consulted Institution Kantale people people M Riyaz Community leader 87 Junction, Opportunities for local Recruitment of local Mohamed Kantale people people H Nazir Community leader 87 Junction Follow strict time Delays in compensation frame A Siriwardana Community leader 98 Junction, Follow strict time Delays in compensation Kantale frame D Dayananda Community leader 98 Junction, Follow strict time Delays in compensation Kantale frame K Wijayarashan Planning Director DS Office, Problems during Accurate data & Trincomalee compensation information K Gunatilake Community leader Petispura, Follow strict time Kandy Delays in compensation frame Tirncomalee S M Rodirgo Community leader 4th mile post, Improper compensation to Pay according to Chinabay land market value K Francis Community leader 4th mile post, Improper compensation to Pay according to Chinabay land market value T Dissanayake Community leader 4th mile post, Improper compensation to Pay according to Chinabay land market value H Kaffoor Community leader 99 Mile Post, Long disconnection of Workout alternative Kantale electricity measures J Atula Community leader Galmatiyawa, Long disconnection of Workout alternative Kantale electricity measures M Rajasinghem GN Palam Keniya, Important road for the Get GNs involve. Trincomalee national economic, Explore possibilities problems during to recruit local compensation, community labour conflicts iv Stakeholders / Key Participants Date of Issues Raised/Concerns Measures Proposed Individuals Designation Consultation Expressed Consulted Institution S Nagar Jothi GN Hettuunie, Do Do Trincomalee I Kaneewannam GN Parkkuduruppa, Do Do Trincomalee S Kulatunga GN Selvanagarapura Do Do m, Trincomallee H B Pieris GN Anandapuram, Do Do Trincomalee K Wamadavan GN Pilliyadi, Trincomalee Do Do P M A De Silva Deputy Forest Department of 24.01.2007 To collaborate with Requested to submit the Conservator ( Social Forestry Department of details of rehabilitation Forestry & Forestry in including the proposed Extension) conducting the tree ROW. surveys. Wasantha Assistant Director Department of 25 .01.2007 If the reserve areas If the proposed Ratnayaka Wildlife are used for development is within the transportation, earth RDA road reservations extraction etc. the there is no objection to approval should be development. sought. M H M Rafeek Divisional Assistant Irrigation 22.01.2007 Prepare a map Engineer’s The bypass road should be showing the dam Office Kantale laid away from the Kantale reservations and the Tank bund reservation. proposed road layout.
v Proposed Bypass Road
Stakeholders / Key Participants Date of Issues Raised/Concerns Measures Proposed Individuals Designation Consultation Expressed Consulted Institution Gunapala Chairman of Farmer Warakele yaya ( 22-01-2007 The proposed project is a Reasonable compensation federation paddy need in the area. Though it to the affected properties cultivating area) may create some negative should be paid and also – Kantale impacts the farmers likely to the irrigation affect can be convinced to infrastructure should be obtain their concurrence, rehabilitated properly if Some land and houses and they are affected also crops ( may be) will be affected . The irrigation infrastructure may also be affected W.S.W. Secretary of the -do- -do- -do- Weerasuriya ( Farmer federation -do- Namal Residing near The same issues raised by Our house is also located in a seed farm of the 2 Farmer leaders part of our irrigated land. If agriculture mentioned above in this the irrigated land is affected it Department, table also raised by this will be only a piece of land Householder Kantale (near lady. In addition she says M.D. Aslin nona -do- but it should be compensated Seruwila that all the information if acquired for the project ( Kantale road). about the project should but this house may not be be disclosed to the affected because it is out of likelihood affected 400M land belt we studied) communities. Laksman Ranjith Farmer in 33/1, Kovila -do- Negative impact on irrigated Pay compensation Kovilgama Road, Kantale land, some times crops and according to the law of the
vi Stakeholders / Key Participants Date of Issues Raised/Concerns Measures Proposed Individuals Designation Consultation Expressed Consulted Institution fragmentation of existing land country and especially plots make sure that damaged irrigation canals due to project's interventions be properly rehabilitated.
A.G. Somapala Community leader of 67/2, -Do- The proposed bi-pass will Serious considerations for the Kantale urban Bandaranayke significantly help to reduce implementing this center Mawatha, the traffic congestion in important road project Kantale Kantale town center 87, place Hiring of an efficient Kantale construction contractor Farmer in The construction of the road who can mobilize Kovilgama Yaya ( G.L. Jinadasa -do- may be carried out during off resources effectively to paddy cultivating agriculture season. complete the construction area) work within a shorter period of time 41, Kandy Road, -do- The RDA may explore RDA may negotiate with Kantale possibilities to hire local the construction contractor labors (from farming S.H. Anshi Nona Householder to hire local community communities) to work in the members to work in the construction project sites. construction sites They will help the contractor
vii Stakeholders / Key Participants Date of Issues Raised/Concerns Measures Proposed Individuals Designation Consultation Expressed Consulted Institution to rehabilitate the damaged irrigation canals using their local knowledge Nihal Ratnayaka Community leader Kovilgama, -do- The construction period of Rasiyah Kantale the project should be shorter Subramaniyam and take all the possible actions to minimize likely -do- disturbances to the farming communities in the project area M.B. Jayaweera Kantale -do- The proposed road will significantly help to decrease Considerations to the congestion of the Kantale Business person implement the proposed town center due to frequent road project running of heavily trucks and other vehicles
viii Annex 7.1
Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) Checklist ROADS AND HIGHWAYS
Instructions:
This checklist is to be prepared to support the environmental classification of a project. It is to be attached to the environmental categorization form that is to be prepared and submitted to the Chief Compliance Officer of the Regional and Sustainable Development Department.
This checklist is to be completed with the assistance of an Environment Specialist in a Regional Department.
This checklist focuses on environmental issues and concerns. To ensure that social dimensions are adequately considered, refer also to ADB checklists and handbooks on (i) involuntary resettlement, (ii) indigenous peoples planning, (iii) poverty reduction, (iv) participation, and (v) gender and development.
Answer the questions assuming the “without mitigation” case. The purpose is to identify potential impacts. Use the “remarks” section to discuss any anticipated mitigation measures.
Country/Project Title: Habarana Trincomalee Road (A006) & Bypass Roads
Sector Division:
SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No REMARKS A. Project Siting
Is the Project area adjacent to or within any of the following environmentally sensitive areas? Cultural heritage site X
Although there are protected areas X such as forest reserves abutting the Protected Area road on either side there is no
encroachment to the reserves as RDA ROW is clearly identified.
Wetland X
Mangrove X
Estuarine X
Buffer zone of protected area X Special area for protecting biodiversity X
i Annex 7.1
SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No REMARKS B. Potential Environmental Impacts
Will the Project cause…
Encroachment on historical/cultural areas; disfiguration of landscape by road X embankments, cuts, fills, and quarries?
Encroachment on precious ecology (e.g. Although there are protected areas sensitive or protected areas)? X such as forest reserves abutting the road on either side there is no encroachment to the reserves as RDA ROW is clearly identified. alteration of surface water hydrology of X waterways crossed by roads, resulting in increased sediment in streams affected by increased soil erosion at construction site?
deterioration of surface water quality due to X Existing waterways are not already silt runoff and sanitary wastes from worker- polluted. based camps and chemicals used in During the construction phase construction? storing all materials required for construction in well secured and managed sites, proper maintenance of construction equipment, providing proper sanitary conditions for workers will mitigate the impacts. increased local air pollution due to rock X During the construction phase. crushing, cutting and filling works, and Standard mitigation measures are chemicals from asphalt processing? carried out to minimize the impacts to acceptable levels noise and vibration due to blasting and other X During the construction phase. civil works? Standard mitigation measures are executed to minimize the impacts to acceptable levels.
dislocation or involuntary resettlement of Compensation will be paid to people X affected parties according to RDA resettlement policy. Only very limited number of houses & other commercial property affected as ROW is already available. other social concerns relating to X All mitigatory measures provided in inconveniences in living conditions in the the IEER are executed to minimize project areas that may trigger cases of upper dust. respiratory problems and stress?
ii Annex 7.1
SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No REMARKS hazardous driving conditions where X Necessary mitigatory measure in construction interferes with pre-existing the form of traffic signs traffic roads? control methods will be used to mitigate this impact. poor sanitation and solid waste disposal in X Briefing the workers on sanitation construction camps and work sites, and and providing proper sanitation possible transmission of communicable facilities at worker camps are diseases from workers to local populations? measures to mitigate this impact creation of temporary breeding habitats for X Necessary mitigatory action such as mosquito vectors of disease? not creating holes to collect stagnant water, proper compaction & filling are required to mitigate the impacts. dislocation and compulsory resettlement of X However, partial acquisition of people living in right-of-way? private lands may be needed. An adequate compensation will be paid to such people according to RDA resettlement policy. accident risks associated with increased X However, warning signs will be put vehicular traffic, leading to accidental spills at sensitive sites such as schools & of toxic materials and loss of life? other religious places etc.
increased noise and air pollution resulting X from traffic volume?
increased risk of water pollution from oil, X grease and fuel spills, and other materials from vehicles using the road?
Project Classification:
The proposed project will not cause significant environmental problems and the potential adverse impacts are manageable through the implementation of a comprehensive Environmental Monitoring Plan and an Environmental Management Plan (EMP). The project can therefore be classified under Category B Sensitive of the ADB classification.
iii