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The Great War with the Teutonic Knights

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The Great War with the Teutonic Knights The Great War with the Teutonic Knights The Great War with the Teutonic Knights Lesson plan (Polish) Lesson plan (English) Bibliografia: Jan Długosz, Roczniki czyli kroniki sławnego Królestwa Polskiego, tłum. Karol Mecherzyński, Kraków 1878-1887. List króla Władysława Jagiełły do żony Anny, napisany po bitwie pod Grunwaldem. Bogurodzica, [w:] Teresa Michałowska, Średniowiecze, red. , wybór , Warszawa 2002, s. 281. The Great War with the Teutonic Knights The Bale of Grunwald Source: Jan Matejko, The Bale of Grunwald, 1878, oil on canvas, Naonal Museum in Warsaw, domena publiczna. Link to the lesson You will learn to describe what problems Poland had with the Teutonic Order; to describe what was the course of the Battle of Grunwald? to read the symbolism of the painting – „Battle of Grunwald” by Jan Matejko; to characterise what were the consequences of the great war with the Teutonic Order. Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie dźwiękowe abstraktu In the years 1409–1411 there was a war of Poland and Lithuania with the state of the Teutonic Order. On 15 July 1410, the Battle of Grunwald was fought. It was one of the biggest battles of the Middle Ages. The combined Polish‐Lithuanian‐Russian army, supported by the Masovian, Moldovan and Tatar troops and mercenaries from the Czech Republic, won a devastating victory over the Teutonic Knights (supported by knights from Western Europe, the dukes from Lower Silesia and Western Pomerania, Polish knights from the Polish lands seized by the Order, and numerous mercenaries from German countries). The Grand Master of the Teutonic Order – Ulrich von Jungingen, all major dignitaries and many brothers‐knights died in this battle. The power of the Order was broken and it never returned to its former glory. However, the Polish king did not win the Teutonic Knights' capital – Malbork, and the victory was not used properly. The war was ended with the Peace of Thorn in 1411. Task 1 Read the text carefully and answer the quesons: What kind of a state was the state of Teutonic Knights? What did the Teutonic Knights accuse Jagiełło of? Why was there a conflict between the Teutonic Knights with Poland and Lithuania? Name allies of the Teutonic Knights and Poles. What was the reason for the great war with the Teutonic Order? At the end of the 14th century the state of the Teutonic Order was very strong and economically well developed. However, the union of Poland and Lithuania worried the Teutonic Knights. The bapsm of Lithuania undermined the sense of their Chrisan mission in these areas. The Order convinced the European courts that Jagiełło was sll a pagan. It also decided to drive a wedge between Jagiełło and Lithuania. The direct cause of the outbreak of the war was the case of Samogia. (…) it was a Lithuanian land that separated the state of the Teutonic Order in Prussia from the territories in Livonia. Vytautas, the Grand Duke of Lithuania, formed an alliance with the Teutonic Knights and gave them this land. The Order did not keep its word and did not support the Duke in the fight against the Tartars. Then, Vytautas formed an alliance with Jagiełło and supported the an-Teutonic uprising in Samogia. Both sides were preparing for the war. The Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights, Ulrich von Jungingen, decided to declare war to the Polish-Lithuanian side in the summer of 1409. Historians called this war a “great war”. Inially, the warfare was not very intense. As winter was coming, the warring pares entered into an armisce unl the beginning of the following summer. During the armisce, energec war preparaons connued. Władysław Jagiełło and Vytautas managed to convince Tartars and the ruler of Moldova to fight against the Teutonic Knights. The Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights was promised support by the Czech and Hungarian rulers. He could also count on the help of knights from Western Europe, who were convinced that they would fight the pagans. Task 2 Read an extract of Jan Długosz's chronicle. Jan Długosz “ Yearbooks, the chronicles of the famous Kingdom of Poland Jogaila, the Great Duke of Lithuania, aer seng off to become the ruler of the Kingdom of Poland and marry the Queen Jadwiga, with his brothers and big courtly renue, accompanied by Ulrich von Jungingen numerous carriages filled with treasures, Source: domena publiczna. paraphernalia and adornments, finally arrived in Poland. He was guided by Polish envoys through Lublin, where he purposefully stayed a few days, in order for the news of his arrival to be spread out between the lords. From Lublin he slowly headed for Kraków. [...] He arrived in Kraków on Tuesday, 12th February, and surrounded by numerous lords of Lithuania and Ruthenia, with great splendor he celebrated his entrance into the city. From there he was later lead into the castle, straight to Queen Jadwiga, who welcomed him in her regal chambers, accompanied by ladies-in-waing and other women. Jogaila, aer examining her beauty in admiraon (during the me under consideraon there was no woman of greater beauty than the Queen’s, or so it was said), the next day sent her [...] very expensive gis of gold, silver, jewels and clothes. Source: Jan Długosz, Yearbooks, the chronicles of the famous Kingdom of Poland, tłum. Karol Mecherzyński, Kraków 1878-1887. Task 3 Show on the map Samogia, Malbork and Grunwald. Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania during the reign of Władysław Jagiełło Source: Krysan Chariza i zespół. Exercise 1 Match commander to the army. The state of the Teutonic Order, The Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Kingdom of Poland Vytautas Władysław Jagiełło Ulrich von Jungingen Task 4 Read the informaon on the picture of the manuscript of „Bogurodzica” and listen to the song. Manuscript of the Mother of God from 1408, kept at the Jagiellonian Library in Krakow Source: domena publiczna. Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Współczesne wykonanie "Bogurodzicy" Source: Collegium Vocale, licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0. Nagranie dźwiękowe abstraktu “ Bogurodzica Bogurodzica, dziewica, Bogiem sławiena Maryja, U twego syna Gospodzina matko zwolena, Maryja! Zyszczy nam, spuści nam. Kyrieleison. Twego dziela Krzciciela, bożycze, Usłysz głosy, napełń myśli człowiecze. Słysz modlitwę, jąż nosimy, A dać raczy, jegoż prosimy: A na świecie zbożny pobyt, Po żywocie rajski przebyt. Kyrieleison. Source: Bogurodzica, [w:] Teresa Michałowska, Średniowiecze, Warszawa 2002, s. 281. Task 5 Listen to a recording of the source text. Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie dźwiękowe abstraktu Letter of King Władysław Jagiełło to his wife Anna, “ written after the Battle of Grunwald On Władysław Jagiełło Vytautas Source: Jan Matejko, domena publiczna. Source: Kazimierz Władysław Wójcicki, domena publiczna. Tuesday, the day of the Dispersion of the Apostles, the Grand Master with all his might approached our army, wanted to iniate a fight with us (...) When we were looking at each other, the Grand Master and marshal sent two swords towards us with the following words: You should know, Your Majesty and Vytautas, that on this hour we will fight a bale against you, and we gi you these swords to help you out... To which we replied kindly: The swords which you sent us we accept and, in the name of Christ who bends the necks of those who gloat, we will fight against you... Aer what we began the bale, having our armies prepared. In that bale, among a great number of deaths, we suffered lile loss (...) we killed the Grand Master and the Marshal von Schwartzburg and many of their allies, others we forced to fly and started persecung them personally. We persecuted them for two miles, and in lakes and rivers (...) the runaways drowned in great numbers, others were killed, so that very few of them managed to escape. Source: Leer of King Władysław Jagiełło to his wife Anna, wrien aer the Bale of Grunwald. Exercise 2 Tick the correct statements. The Teutonic Knights gave two swords to Jagiełło and Vytautas. King Jagiełło did not accept the gift. The Master of the Teutonic Order died in battle. The losses of the Teutonic Knights were minor. Task 6 Watch the film about the painng Bale of Grunwald by Jan Matejko (find it in the linked chapter). Pay aenon to which elements of the image have been interpreted. Exercise 3 Match the terms with definions. a meeng room for the friars, where the most important decisions were made, knight of King Władysław II Jagiełło, conqueror of the grand master Ulrich von Jungingen, a cease-fire and cessaon of military acvies, the capital of the Teutonic Knights State, a work by Jan Długosz containing illustraons and descripons of 56 Teutonic banners, a historical region situated on the Daugava River and the Gulf of Riga, inhabited by the Balkans, Polish knight, parcipant of the Bale of Grunwald, model of knightly virtues, head of the religious house in the knights' order, provincial governor Malbork armisce Livonia commanderr Zawisza Czarny chapter house Mszczuj of Skrzynno Banderia Prutenorum Exercise 4 Complete the sentences with the words and dates listed below. Oil, Grunwald, 1420, Sandomierz, Teutonic, Malbork, Peace of Thorn, great war, 1411, Kwidzyn In the years 1409-1411 there was a ............................ of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania with the ............................ Order. On 15 July 1410, the Polish-Lithuanian army defeated the Teutonic Knights at ............................. Aer the bale, the victorious army set off to ............................, but it did not manage to conquer it. The war ended with the signing of a ............................ in Toruń in ............................. Keywords Jagiełło, Teutonic Order, Teutonic Knights, Grunwald, Battle of Grunwald, personal union Glossary personal union Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie dźwiękowe słówka unia personalna – związek dwóch lub więcej państw posiadających wspólnego władcę przy zachowaniu odrębności państwowej.
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