16462 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD;-HQ_USE DECEMBER. 12 EXECUTIVE REPORTS OF COMMI'ITEES ate stand in recess until 12 o'clock noon titles, in which the concurrence of ihe The following favorable reports of tomorrow. House is requested: · nominations were submitted: The motion was agreed to: and (at 8 S. 3295. An act to amend the Railwicy By Mr. McCARRAN, from the Committea o'clock and 52 minutes p. m.) the Senate Labor Act and to authorize agreements pro on the Judiciary: took a recess until tomorrow, Wednesday, viding for union membership and agree Oliver J. Carter, of California, to be United December 13, 1950, at 12 o'clock meridian. ments for deductions from the wages of car St ates district judge for the northern dis• riers' · employees · for certain purposes and trict of California; under certain conditions; . William M. Byrne, of California, to be NOMINATI,ON S. 4234 . .An act to promote the foreign pol United St ates district judge for the southern Executive nomination received by the icy and provide for the defense and general district of California; and welfare of the United States by furnishing Edward P. Murphy, of California, to be Senate December 12 (legislative. day of emergency relief assistance to Yugoslavia; United States district judge for the northern November _27), 1950: and district of California. UN-ITED STATES ATTORNEY S. J. Res. 209. Joint resolution to amend By Mr. MURRAY, from the Committee on Frank J. Parker, of New York, to be United and extend the provisions of the District of Labor and Public Welfare: States attorney for the eastern district of Columbia Emergency Rent Act, as amended. Robert T. Creasey, of Texas, to be Assist New York, vice J. Vincent Keogh, resigned. The message also announced that the ant Secretary of Labor, United States De partment of Labor; · . Vice President has appointed Mr. JOHN George J. Bott, of Maryland, to be general CONFIRMATIONS STON of South Carolina and Mr. LANGER counsel of the National Labor · Relations members of the joint select committee Executive nominations confirmed by on the part of the Senate, as provided Board; and 12 John Thad Scott, Jr., of Texas, to be a the Senate December (legislative day for in the act of August 5, 1939, entitled member of the National Mediation Board. of November 27), 1950: "An act to provide for the disposition of By Mr. HILL, from the Committee ~n Labor DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE certain records of the United States Gov and Public Welfare: Holmes Baldridge, of Oklahoma, to be an ernment," for the disposition of execu Euald C. Warkentin, and several other Assis+:tnt Attorney General. candidates for appointment in the Regular tive papers referred to in the report of Corps of the Public Health Service; and UNITED STATES MARSH.':.L the Archivist of the United States num Leslie A. Chambers, and sundry other Leonard R. Carpenter to be United States bered 51-9. candidates for appointment and promotion marshal tor the district of Nevada. JUNIOR CHAMBER OF COMMERCE OF THE in the Regular Corps of the Public Health Cor .-.ECTORS OF CUSTOMS STATE OF INDIANA Service. · H. Tucker Gratz to be collector of customs Mr. HALLECK. Mr. Speaker, I ask The PRESIDING OFFICER. If there for customs collection district No. 32, with headquarters at Honolulu, T. H. unanimous consent to address the House be no further reports of committees, the for 1 minute and to revise and extend my clerk will proceed to state·the nomina Albert H. Kleffman to be collector of cus toms for customs collection district No. 35, remarks. tions on the Executive Calendar. with headquarters at Minneapolis, Minn. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE the request of the gentleman from The Chief Clerk read the nomination Indiana? of Anna M. Rosenberg, of New York, to There was no objection. be Assistant Secretary of Defense. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Mr. HALLECK. Mr. Speaker, may I Mr. O'CONOR. Mr. President, it has commend to the consideration of the been requested that that nomination be TUESDAY, DECEMBER 12, 1950 House a recommendation which has been passed over. transmitted to me by the Junior Cham The-House met at 12 o'clock noon. ber of Commerce' of the State of Indiana. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The F::tther Henry Freiburg; president, nomination will be passed over. The recommendation contained in a tele Quincy College, Quincy, Ill., offered the gram which reached me yesterday is as DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE following prayer: follows: · The Chief Clerk read the nomination O Heavenly Father, Godot peace but The United States is now confronted with of Holmes Baldridge, of Oklahoma, to be also God of might and power and justice, an appallingly grave world situation in whfch an Assistant Attb!"ney General. hear the pleas of Thy people who cry to God-fearing nations ·are pitted against The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without Thee in an hour of peril. Fill our minds atheistic Russia and her satellites. It seems objection, the nomination is confirmed. only fitting in this time of crisis that the with Thy knowledge, our hearts with people of the United States call upon their UNITED STATES MARSHAL Thy love, our wills with the determina greatest ally, God, for the guidance, strength, The Chief Clerk read the nomination tion to serve Thee alone. and courage necessary to achieve world-wide of Leonard R. Carpenter to be United Guide the minds of our leaders in gov peace. It is therefore suggested that the States marshal for the district of Ne ernment toward clear and prudent judg President of the United States declare a ments in this dangerous hour. May Nation-wide legal holiday of 10 minutes on vada. a normal workda~ for "Natlon-wide prayer so The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without their deliberations and decisions be made that all people of the United States can objection; the nomination is confirmed. always in the spirit of the prayer-Thy simultaneously humble themselves before will be dbne. · · God and pray for His aid. It is suggested COLLECTOR OF CUSTOMS As a nation make us worthy, 0 God, that all work cease at this time and that all The Chief Clerk read the nomination of Thy protection and help. Fill our churches throw open their doors. Certainly of H. Tucker Gratz, of Honolulu, T. H., personal lives with a holy fear of Thy if a Nation-wide holiday can be declared in to be collector of customs for customs judgments, because the fear of Thee is celebration of our independence, 10 minutes can be spared for Nation-wide prayer that collection district No. 32, with headqu~r the beginning of wisdom-Ecclesiasticus we keep ~t. True, various churches and other ter.s at Honolulu, T. H. 1: 16. "And send Thy fear upon the organizations are earnestly engaged in prayer The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without nations that have not sought after Thee: . for peace, but this is not enough. Everyone objection, the nomination is confirmed. that they may know that there is no God must be made aware of the importance of The Chief Clerk read the nomination beside Thee"-Ecclesiasticus 36: 2. prayer at this time and it ls thought that a of Albert H. Kleffman to be collector of We ask this in the name of the Father, national time of prayer might serve as an customs for customs collection district and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit. incentive for regular family prayer for peace. No. 35, with headquarters at Minneapolis, Amen. We may take encouragement from this Minn. The Journal of the proceedings of yes and other evidences that our people are The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without terday was read and approved. becoming more and more conscious of objection, the nomination is confirmed. the need for seeking divine help in these That completes the Executive Calen MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE trying and difficult times. The recom dar. A message from the Senate, by Mr. mendation of this group of our fine RECESS Woodru1f, its enrolling clerk, an y01mger people must not be treated Mr. O'CONOR. Mr. President, as in nounced that the Senate had passed bills lightly. Their telegram tells me that the legislative session, I move that the Sen- and a joint resolution of the fallowing Governor of Indiana has endorsed their 1950 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 16463
proposal. I join in urging that the Pres~ . on Friday it may be brought up that remainder of \~lorld War II an was ident take appropriate action for the afternoon. discharged in September of 1945. He calling of a Nation-wide season of prayer came back to the Capitol then and was as suggested by them. DEAN A~HESON, SECRETARY OF STATE Mr. MILLER of Nebraska. Mr. Speak then appointed minority chief of pages DORSEY J. BARTLETT er, I ask unanimous consent to address by Minority Leader JOSEPH W. MARTIN, Mr. MARTIN of Massachusetts. Mr. the House for 1 minute. and holds that post today with distinc Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to The SPEAKER. Is there objection to tion and ability. He lives with parents address the House for 1 minute. the request of the ·gentleman from near Clarksburg, W. Va., and they must . The SPEAKER. Is there objection Nebraska? feel even more proud of him than I. We to the request of the gentleman from shall miss him ·greatly. He has alwavs There was no objection. used his head. He has always 'been most Massachusetts? Mr. MILLER of Nebraska. Mr. Speak There was no objection. er, the majority of the Members elected efficient and completely courteous. He Mr. MARTIN of Massachusetts. Mr. to the House of Representatives, cam has courage. Mr. Speaker, the Marine Speaker, I know that all on the Repub paigned on the issue that Dean Acheson, Corps shows firm courage and superb lican side of the House, and I am sure Secretary of State and his policy makers generalship even in a temporary retreat, on the Democratic side as well, rejoice in the State Department must be fired. temporary withdrawal. Mr. Speaker, in the fact that the chief of our page The election is over, and we cannot Joe Bartlett will be worthy of all the boys, Dorsey J. Bartlett, has been made now take a soft and compromising view Marine Corps' traditions. I feel, as a second lieutenant in the marines. He on this question. many others do, that it is very important is a man wqom we all love and admire The Secretary of State has lost the for the Marine Corps to be represented and we appreciate his fine courteousness complete confidence of the American on the Joint Chiefs of Staff just as are people. There can be no unity with Mr. the Army, the Kavy, and the Air Force. and high patriotism. We congratulate It -is high time that was C::one. · It would him on achieving his high office and Acheson at the helm of the State De add a great deal to the strategy of the wish for him the fullest measure of partment. A state of emergency is about to be war. It is important that they be repre su_ccess. sented in peace and it is -even more im Mr. Speaker, may I at this time in declared by the Presic;lent. The time de portarlt in war. quire of the majority leader what the mands that public servants be above program will be for the balance of the suspicion and have the complete confi- WILL YOU BE MISSED? week? . dence of the people. Mr. STAGGERS. Mr. Speaker, I ask Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, may I, therefore, urge that a conference of unanimous consent to address the House I - say that I join with the gentleman Republicans and anti-Acheson Demo for 1 minute and to revise and extend my from Massachusetts in the appropriate crats be called at once, in order that a remarks and include an editorial. remarks he has made about a member strong stand may be taken, and a peti · The SPEAKER. Is there objection to of the House organization. in connection tiol.l circulated which will call for the the request of the gentleman from with obtaining a commission? We are removal of the Secretary of State and West Virginia? others in policy-forming positions. all proud of him and others of our organ There u as no objection. ization for the intense patriotism that PERMISSION TO ADDRESS THE HOUSE Mr. STAGGERS. Mr. Speaker, it is they have. · Mr. MACY. Mr. Speaker, I ask unan- with a spirit of humbleness that I pre LEGrsLATIVE PROGRAM imous consent to address the House for sent the following article, dated Decem Mr. Speaker, I have been informed by 1 minute and to revise and extend my ber 5, 1950, and written by John Barger., the chairman of the Appropriations remarks. editor of the Mineral Daily News-Trib Committee, tlie gentleman from Mis- The SPEAKER. · Is there objection to une, Keyser, W. Va., and ask each of you -souri [Mr. CANNON], that an appropria- the request of the gentleman from New to read it, and join with me in Chris tion bill will be reported to the House York? tian self-reflection. The joyous season on Friday. It is hoped that the bill may · There was no objection. of Christmas is with us, but it is over be brought up and considered that after- [Mr. MACY addressed the House. His shadowed by clouds of trouble which we noon. If not, I shall feel constrained to remarks appear in the Appendix.] must reco'gnize and disperse with wis have a Saturday session in order to con- SPECIAL ORDER GRANTED dom and truth. I know all of you share my prayer that our purpose in liie shall sider the bill. Mr. JAVITS asked and was given per- In speaking with me yesterday, the dd be to further God's great plan of peace . gentleman from Missouri [Mr. CANNON],· mission to a ress the House on Thurs- on earth and good will to all men; that day next for 15 minutes at the conclu our deeds will be gratefully remembered in giving me this information, said that sion of the legislative-program of the day after we are gone; and that we will be he hoped the bill could come up_on Fri- and following any special orders here day and be passed on the same day. As tofore entered. missed, but not in vain. I speak now I see no reason for a Satur- WILL You BE·MrssED? day session if that is done, although I DORSEY J. BARTLETT Some of these days you who are reading do not want to commit myself at this . Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts. Mr. this are going to qie and pass on to your time. If the appropriation bill is re- Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to reward-whatever that reward may be. But will you leave a void behind? Will you be port(;!d on Friday and it can be consid- address the House for 1 minute and to missed? erect on that day ·an well and good; if revise and extend my remarks. The Creator has ordained that man must not, the importance of the bill and the - The SPEAKER. Is there objection to carve out his own career in this world, and question of time is such I feel constrained the request of the gentlewoman from when he journeys to the great unknown he · to have the House meet on Saturday for Massachusetts? leaves behind him a record fol.lnded upon the consideration of the bill. There was no objection. his own acts. · , Mr. MARTIN of Massachusetts. I Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts. Mr. You may leave behind you a wife, or chil dren, or other dependents. As you deal with may ·say, if it is agreeable to the rank- Speaker, I, too, want to congratulate Joe them in life so will their grief be gaged ing Republican member of the Appro- Bartlett on winning his commission in and tempered at your death. Will they miss priations Committee, the gentleman from the Marine Corps. Joe Bartlett was you? · New York [Mr. TABER], to call it up on granted a Reserve commission as second In this town you have friends, and busi Friday, that I personally would have no lieutenant on grounds of previous serv ness associates, and perhaps many acquain objection. ice as meritorious noncommissioned of- tances. They know you as you are and as Mr. McCORMACK. The gentleman fleer. As such rates term ''mustang'' you have been for many years. They have from Massachusetts and the leadership which marines fondly call officers who judged you living, and they will judge you dead. Will they miss you? on the Republican side always cooperate come up from enlisted ranks. The Capi In the banks and in the stores, and the on these matters, and I appreciate that tol is Proud of him.as he was graduated office and out on the farms are people who very much. I am hopeful that the situa- from Capitol Page School in june 1944 have known you in the past and who know tion of the Committee on Appropriations and immediately joined the Marine Corps you today. As you have been, so are you will be such that if" the bill is reported and 17-year-old enlistee. He served known to them now. Will they miss you? 16464 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE DECEMBER 12 In the house of darkened windows where State and Nation honest and valuable State, was a great public servant, con sweet-toned music soothes the tired brain service. He was most conscientious in scientious and deliberate with a ·mental and the minister tells of the better ways of life are many people who know you for your his political beliefs and in the discharge ity that.could and did think through the acts, your deeds, for that which yov. have of the many duties he was called upon to maze of surrounding unessential details performed or left undone. Will they miss perform. He was at all times a man of and arrive at the Qrux of an issue with you? a retiring personality, qujet in demeanor out fanfare or unnecessary publicity. In our homes are many little children who and gentlemanly in his associations with All those who worked with Congressman know you, who have passed you on the his neighbors and colleagues. He was a Rockwell loved him, which in itself is ·a streets, who perchance have been greeted true conservative in his political philos great compliment. He never attempted with a friendly smile or with a frown. They ophy. He never took part in political will remember you. But will they miss you? to punish those with whom he diff el'.ed. Even your faithful animals or pets know chicanery and his .own political welfare His honesty, integrity, and great love of you as you are and as you have been to them. was of secondary importance in the America and its representative form of Will they miss you? handling of the affairs of the offices government stamped Congressman Rock There is no place you may go, no point which he held. well the truly great American he really of the compass to which you may return, but During my early years of public serv.; was. what people know you or will know you, and ice, I became acquainted with this hon Colorado lost an outstanding public by all of these you will be judged when you have passed away. As you shape your career ored anQ. trusted citizen of my State and servant, his community lost a fine co in life, so do you write the record by which came to know him as a true and noble operator, and all of us who called him you will be known after death. Your family, character. During the State legislative our friend will greatly miss him at the . your associates, your acquaintances, even session of 1941, he served in the position conference table, where his sound advice · your dumb brutes will remember you after of the minority leader of the State sen and cautious counsel was always fully you have .passed on. ate while I held the responsibility of be appreciated. To his family we extend Bl,lt will they miss you? ing majority leader. It was a pleasure our most sincere sympathy. THE LATE HONORABLE ROBERT F. to work with him. His word was as good Mr. ASPINALL. Mr. Speaker, I yield ROCKWELL as gold. I never knew him to breach a to the distinguished· gentleman from The SPEAKER. The Chair recognizes commitment either directly or indirectly. Massachusetts [Mr. MARTIN]. the gentleman from Colorado [Mr. As Whenever there was to be a change in Mr. MARTIN of Massachusetts. Mr. PINALLJ. policy on the part of him and his asso- · Speaker, I join with the gentleman from Mr. ASPINALL. Mr. Speaker, it is my ciates, ·he' always gave ·the necessary . Colorado and other Members from the sorrowful duty to advise the member warning so that the worthwhile services great State in expressing my deep regret ship of the House of the death of the of the two-party system might be prose at the death of former Congressman Honorable Robert F. Rockwell, former cuted for the interests of the electorate. Rockwell. Mr. Rockwell during his Member of this body during the Seventy .. rt was my pleasure to not only · know service here won for himself the high seventh, Seventy-eighth, Seventy-ninth, him as a political associate but a1so as a respect and affection of all of us. He and Eightieth Congresses. He passed trusted friend in whom I had great con was devoted to the public service. He away at his home in Paonia, Colo., ,on fidence. With his passing, he left a rec served the people of his district with September 28, 1950, at the age of 64 years. ord of good neighborliness in his home fidelity. He served the people with but Former Congressman Rockwell was born community, unselfish public service in one aµibition, and that was to make his at Cortland, N. Y., on February 11, 1886, his State and Nation, and a quiet, gen day and generation a little better for his and moved to western Colorado in 1907, erous and understanding relatlonship· having lived. Colorado has lost a great in which State he had been a livestock with his fell ow men seldom surpassed by citizen and ·a fine public servant. All producer and rancher throughout the individuals anywhere. · of us who .had the privilege of knowing many years of· his residence there. He left to mourn his passing his wid him have lost a devoted and a loyal Mr. Rockwell gave allegiance to the ow, two sons, and a limitless number friend. I extend my deepest sympathy - Republican Party throughout his lifetime of friends, to all of whom I join with my to his wife and the members of his fam and the people of Colorado honored him colleagues in sending our condolences ily at his untimely passing; · many times for his upright and.conscien and sympathies. Mr. ASPINALL. Mr. Speaker, I yield tious services in their behalf. In 1916 he M,r. HILL. Mr. Speaker, will the gen to the gentleman frem Montana [Mr. was elected as the State Representative tleman yield? D'EWART]. from his home . county of Delta to the Mr. ASPINALL. I yield to the gentle Mr. D'EWART. Mr. Speaker, I, ·too, State legislature which position he held man from Colorado. join with my friends from Colorado in for 4 years. In 1920 he was elected · Mr. HILL. Mr. Speaker, I wish to add mourning the loss of Bob Rockwell. I State Senator and served in such capac a few words on the life and Pllblic serv served with him on the Committee -on ity until he was elected lieutenant gov ice of our dear departed friend, former Public Lands during the time he was in ernor of Colorado. After his term as Congressman Robert F. Rockwell, of the Congress. He was chairman of the lieutenant governor, he was defeated for Paonia, Colo., who served in the Seventy.. Subcommittee on Irrigation and Recla the governorship and. a few years later seventh, Seventy-eighth, Seventy-ninth, mation ,, here he had the opportunity of once again elected to the State senate, and Eightieth Congresses of the United performing what is probably his most which position of public trust he was States of America. outstanding service while in Congress. holding in 1941 when he was elected to Congressman Rockwell was born in He knew the West and he knew its prob Congress from the Fourth Congressional New York State-Cortland-moved to lems. He was always a friend to those District of the State of Colorado for the Colorado in 1907, where he engaged in who were working for the solution of seat made vacant in 1941 by the death stockraising, cattle, and fruit growing. those problems. He was a real states of the late Honorable Edward T. Taylor, From 1916 to 1920, Mr. Rockwell served man in that he served not only his own who had been a Member of this body for as a member of the house in the Colo State, but the entire countcy. We on almost 30 years. Mr. Rockwell held his rado Legislature. From 1920 to 1924 and that committee mourn his loss. We miss position in Congress until the first of 1938 to 1941 he served in the Colorado his advice and regret his passing very January 1949. State Senate. From 1922-1924, he was much. He was a man of high ideals, During his membership in the National lieutenant governor of Colorado. From good character, and great integrity. He Congress, he was a member of the Com 1932 to 1946, he served as an appointee was a :fine public servant of the type we mittee on Public Lands and was serving on the board of the Colorado A. & M. can ill afford to lose. as chairman of the Subcommittee on College. I join with the other Members of the Reclamation and Irrigation when he re In the fall of 1941, Mr. Rockwell was House in extending to his good wife and tired from Congress. elected to the House of Representatives family our sincerest sympathy in his In addition to these elective offices, he from the Fourth District. of Qolorado to passing. served for 16 years by appointment on fill a vacacy caused by the .death of the Mr. ASPINALL. Mr. Speaker, I yield the Colorado State board of agriculture. Honorable Edward T. Taylor. to the gentleman from California [Mr. Throughout all of his years of resi Congressman Rockwell, as can be re HINSHAW]. dence and office-holding in Colorado, Mr. alized by the number of positions in Mr. IDNSHAW. Mr. Speaker, it is Rockwell rendered to his community, which he served the people of our with a sense of rleep regret that the 1950 CONG~ _ESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 16465 Members of the House hear today of the He was a good friend, -a sincere states We cannot afford to let this so-called ph.ssing of our beloved friend Bob Rock man, and a real American. United Nations declare war for us and well. He was a neighbor of mine on the · I wish to extend my heartfelt sym send our boys all over the world to do fifth floor of the New !louse Office Build pathy to his family who feel most the the fighting and dying and then protect ing for many years and we always passed· loss and passing of Mr. Rockwell. ing the enemies within our gates with the time of day and worked together as Mr. ASPINALL. Mr. Speaker, I ask· decisions of this kind. neighbors. He was that kind of a man. una.nimous consent that all Members We had better follow the advice of He believed in the finer things of life, may have five legislative days in which George Washington and Thomas Jeffer as the gentleman from Colorado now to extend their remarks on the life and son whom these wild-eyed internation addressing us has said. His political character of the late Honorable Robert alists now brand as isolation.sts. We future was not as important to him :is Rockwell. had better follow their advice, bring our doing what was right. He always did The SPEAKER. Is there objection to boys home, 'build up our own defenses, what he believed to be right. I know the request ·of the gentleman from and strengthen our own country to the California delegation joins with the Colorado? where no Nation will dare attack us. Colorado delegation in deep regret and There was no objection. Then we can lead the world by precept sadness in the passing of our beloved DECISION OF THE UNITED STATES SU and example into the enjoyment of a friend. PREME COURT WOULD PROTECT ENE more glorious civilization. But we can Mr:. JOHNSON. Mr. Speaker, will the MIES WITHIN OUR GATES not accomplish that end by international · gentleman yield? bribery, that is by trying to feed and Mr. ASPINALL. I yield. Mr. RANKIN. Mr. Speaker, I ask clothe the rest of the world out of the unanimous consent to address the House pockets of the already overburdened tax Mr. JOHNSON. One of the first men for 1 minute and to revise and extend · I met when I came to Congress was payers of America, nor can we accom my remarks. plish it with the bayonet when the very Robert Rockwell, whose office was in the The SPEAKER. ls there objection to same corridor where I had my office. nations that attempt to plunge us into the request of the gentleman from war refuse to send their own men to Bob Rockwell was a gentleman in every Mississippi? sense of the word. He was thoughtful, help do the fighting, and refuse to tax There was no objection. their own people to help pay the cost. kind, and generous. Mr. RANKIN. Mr. Speaker, in all the He was also .a man of ability. He history·of America our country has never I repeat that this is one of the most made his mark.in his own State in the .dangerous decisions I have ever read. been in such a deplorable condition as Instead of following the decisions of legislative halls and as Lieutenant Gov it is today. ernor of Colorado. Thomas Jefferson once said that if John Marshall, it flies right in the face On the Public Lands Committee in this Government were ever destroyed it of them. this House he did very fine work. I would be destroyed by the courts. We cannot restore the peace of _the came to know about it due to the fact ·A long step in that direction was taken world or insure the safety of America that one time I introduced a bill con by the Supreme Court of the United by having our boys shed their blood on cerning a project in California. Mr. States on yesterday in its holding that foreign soil while the courts use their Rockwell was chairman of the commit you could not ask a witness whether or powers to protect the enemies within tee which handled the hearings. From not he was a Communist. our gates. the manner in which he conducted those Communism is treason. Every real The SPEAKER. The time· of the gen hearings, it was obvious that he took a Communist in America is a traitor to tleman from Mississippi [Mr. RANKIN] statesmanlike view of problems presented the United States. has expired. to him. He was patient and he was Today we are threatened with the SUPREME COURT STILL DEFENDERS OF thorough. most serious condition the world has ever LIBERTIES It was the pleasure of my wife and known. Mr. CELLER. Mr. Speaker, I ask myself to know Mrs. Rockwell: a charm Our boys are dying by the thousands unanimous consent to address the House ing and vivacious woman. To her we in foreign lands, where they were sent for 1 minute and to revise and extend extend our deepest sympathy. without Congress even being consulted. my remarks. Mr. FERNANDEZ. Mr. Speaker, will We had just passed through one of the The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the gentleman yield? bloodiest wars in history in which our the request of the gentleman from New Mr. ASPINALL. I yield. boys won the fight, but the victory was York? Mr. FERNANDEZ. Mr. Speaker, I had turned over to Russia, the worst enemy There was no objection. the privilege of serving with Bob Rock civilization has ever known, a result of Mr. CELLER. Mr. Speaker, the gen well on the Public Lands Committee a Communist conspiracy led by Alger Hiss tleman from Mississippi [Mr. RANKIN] throughout the time he was in Congress, and his Communist collaborators who just preceded me made an attack ·Who were end~avoring in every way to and I served under him, as chairman of upon the Supreme Court. the Subcommittee on Iriigation and undermine and destroy the Government of the United States. · The gentleman's attack on the Su , Reclamation. I always regarded him as For the Court to even attempt to com preme Court might well be leveled against one of the finest men in .Congress. I am pare this decision with the decisions of every judge that ever sat on the Supreme sure I was joined in this regard by all John Marshall and other great jurists Court, including Chief Justice John · members of the Public Lands Commit of the past is an insult to their sacred Marshall. The decision for which he up tee, Democrats as well as Republicans. memories. John Marshall would prob- braids the Court is on all fours with the We all mourn the passing of this good . ably turn over in his grave if he even ruling made by Chief Justice John Mar man. knew that his decisions and his reason shall in the circuit court for Virginia Mr. f;;ANBORN. Mr. Speaker, will the ings were so distorted as to leave the district in the case of Aaron Burr. This gentleman yield? impression that he would have even con kind of unheeding talk is enough to Mr. ASPINALL. I yield. sidered protecting these communistic wake up the dead 'and disturb the bones Mr. SANBORN. Mr. Speaker, I wish traitors by judicial fiat. of such eminent jurists as Chase, Ful to join with my colleagues in expressing If this decision is permitted to stand, ler, Taft, and Stone. The legal doctrine regret at the passing of Bob Rockwell. and Anna Rosenberg is confirmed as As supported by such men as Cardozo, I served with Mr. Rockwell in the sistant Secretary of National Defense, Holmes, Roberts, a:nd Brandeis, and now Eightieth Congress on the Pulllic Lands you may expect to see these Commu Vinson cannot be made light of. Committee when he was cl::airman of nists packe(l into our Defense Depart The principle of immunity from self the Subcommittee on Irrigation and ment by the thousands. incrimination goes far back into the Reclamation. I had the good fortune to It is about time the Congress woke up memory of man and was an integral part visit some of the projects of the West and assumed the prerogatives with of enlightened jurisprudence even years in company with Mr. Rockwell, and I which it is endowed by the Constitution, before the adoption of the Bill of Rights. found him both helpful and understand of governing the United States, and de It derives from the democratic struggles ing in all of the developments of the. claring war whenever that becomes nec of the Puritans of the seventeenth cen vVest with which we came in contact. essary, tury England against the attempts of the 16466 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE DECEMBER 12 Crown to crush religious and political shall be considered as ordered on the bill and· Mr. Speaker, now they are trying to liberty. amendments thereto to final passage without turn over $38.,000,000 of the hard-earned intervening motion except one motion to money of the American taxpayers to this EXTENSION OF REMARKS recommit. same dictator whom our .American tax Mr. ANDERSON of California asked Mr. SMITH of Virginia. Mr. Speaker, payers ha~e already turned over $377,- and was given permission to extend his I yield 30 minutes to the gentleman from 706,000 to. Oh, I know some are going to remarks and include an article, notwith New York [Mr. WADSWORTH]. say here today: "During the last war he standing the fact that it will exceed two The resolution which has just been fought on the side of the United States." pages of the RECORD and is estimated read speaks for itself. It provides for Why, he was forced to do so, not because by the Public Printer to cost $191.34. the consideration of the so-called Yugo he liked the United States better but Mr. TALLE asked and was given per slav relief bill, which is H. R. 9853. _ because he hated Hitler worse. Hitler, mission to extend his remarks and in I have no requests for time on this side with his fascism, then was trying to stop clude a letter addressed by him to the on the rule. I wish to address the communism. Hitler and Tito are of the Honorable Warren R. Austin, United House briefly myself later during the dis same caliber. States delegate to the United Nations, cussion. I therefore reserve the b,alance Our boys are fighting in Korea. We and Mr. Austin's reply thereto. of my time and yield now to the gentle are losing tens and tens of thousands of Mr. BROWN of Ohio asked and was man from New York. our boys through casualties and death. given ·permission to extend his remarks Mr. WADSWORTH. Mr. Speaker, I When the time comes to· recognize Red and include an editorial from the Rec yield 8 minutes to the g.entleman from China in the-united Nations, and in my ord-Herald of Washington Court House, Illinois [Mr. ALLEN]. opinion and in the opinion of others Red Ohio 1 under date of December 8, enti · Mr. ALLEN ·of Illinois. Mr. Speaker, China will be recognized within 2 tled "May God Grant Us Some Real this bill provides that the United States months, do you think this ruthless dic Leadership." taxpayers, turn over $38,000,000 to the tator, Tito, will vote on the side of the Mr. JOHNSON asked and was given most ruthless Communist dictator in the United Nations? Do you think we can permission to extend his remarks and history of the world to spend where, how, expect Tito to vote once even on the sjde include an editorial. and when he sees .fit, without giving one of the democracies, this man who.has sat Mr. BAILEY asked and was given per promise to the Government of the United at the feet of Lenin and Stalin through- mission to extend his remark and in States. out his entire life? · clude comments on an educational Mr. Speaker, who is this Tito? What It is going to be mentioned here that project as well as correspondence hav is his background? Since early man Stalin and Tito have had a little falling ing to do with the same subject. hood · he has associated himself with out. Well, they have not gotten along Mr. NOLAND asked and was given whom? With people who believe in too well during the last year or so. But permission to extend his remarks and democracy? Of course not, but with the · why? They both believe in this com include a newspaper article. people of' the Kremlin in Russia; Lenin munistic government idea, but Tito says: Mr. LANE asked and was given per and Stalin. "We should have individual communism, miSEio: to extend his remarks in three Would anyone think for a moment puppet.states. I want to run Yugoslavia, instances and include extraneous mat- that he is going to be different? This and I am for you running Russia, I am ter. ruthless dictator who did not apologize for Red China running Red China, but Mr. MULTER. Mr. Speaker, on yes when five American fiyers· were s]lot I want to run Yugoslavia." ' terday I was given permission to extend down; this same dictator who when He further says, "We agree on the my remarks and include an article en Cardinal Mindszenty came before him principles of communism. our·only dif titled "Shortage of Doctors." I am ad defenseless, permitted him to be tortured ference is I want you to let . me be the vised by the Public Printer that it will until he confessed. Why, is not this the ruthless dictator in Yugoslavia, and you exceed two pages of the RECOR:l and is same Communist dictator that has per can be the same in Russia." estimated to cost $246. I asl: unanimous consent that it be printed, notwithstand mitted every church under his jurisdic How can we expect this Tito to furnish· ing that fact. tion to be torn down? troops to those who are fighting for de The SPEAKER. Without objection, Yet here today, Mr. Speaker, we are mocracy, how can we expect him to fur notwithstanding the cost, the extension asked to accept the bloody hands of this nish troops to fight down Stalin's aggres may be made. dictator in a 'spirit of friendship. Mem sion when we· cannot get the United Na There was no objection. bers will come before us·today and say: tions, those who believe as·we do, to do Mr. O'SULLIVAN asked and was given "Why, this is a military question." I any-fighting? We are over there now permission to extend his remarks in say Tito will not promise anything, he fighting for ourselves and by ourselves. three instances and include extraneous will not even permit one IQ.an to fight on ·Now, I cannot prescribe to the theory the side of democracy out__ of his 32 divi that we can expect Communists to fight matter. sions of men. Because he is opposed to · alongside of democracy when we cannot YUGOSLAVIA EMERGENCY RELIBF AS- existing democracies and will fight even get the· ones who believe as we do SISTANCE ACT OF 1950 against its grpwth. to go over to Korea and fight and help · Mr. SMITH of Virginia. Mr. Speaker, They will come in here, Mr. Speaker, us win this war. I am sure that many I call up House Resolution 878 and ask with such innuendos as "Maybe they will Members here recall when the United for its immediate consideration. fight." I say again there is nb promise Nations started how Members of this The Clerk read as follows: -on the part of this ruthless dictator to body and the other body got up and said, Resolved, That immediately ·upon the do anything for democr.acy. In fact, hi,s "We will join the United Nations, and adoption of this resolution it shall be in order past record shows conclusevely that he .any time anyone starts aggressi'On there to move that the House resolve itself into the is against everything the' people of de will be 50 or 60 flags right shoulder to Committee of the Whole House on the State mocracies stand for. shoulder, 50 or 60 separate armies of of the Union for the consideration of the bill Right at this moment do you think these countries fighting shoulder to (H. R. 9853) to promote the foreign policy shoulder. Why, no one will dare make and provide for the defense and general wel that he is on the side of the democracies fare of the United States by furnishing emer in the United Nations? This Tito gov aggression. When they star_t there will gency relief assistance to Yugoslavia. That ernment has appeared before the Secu be 50 countries united, united as one to after general debate which shall be confined rity Council 54 times, and I should· like fight down that aggressor." I ask you to the bill and continue not to exceed 3 to have the Members refer to the Ap whether these predictions have become hours, to be equally divided and controlled pendix of the report on the United Na true. by the chairman and ranking minority mem: tions. Out of 54 votes the representa So, I say to you Members here today ber of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the tive of the Tito government has voted that you do not have to apologize to the bill shall be read for amendment under the 5-minute rule. At the conclusion of the but one time on the side of the United people of your districts one bit when you · consideration of the bill for amendment, the States and the democr~cies · when com stand up here and say, "I am against Committee shall rise and report the bill to munism was involved. I repeat, only one giving the most ruthless Communist the House with such amendments as may time did he vote on the side of free dictator in history, who is alined w'ith have been adopt ed and t he previous question nations. the theory, at least, of Stalin, one dime, 1950 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 16467 and I am not just going to have you and has ca1led upon the great organiza which is needed for their country under people, who have been bled white now in tion representing the farmers, the Amer the collectivist ideas Tito is imposing on taking care of these countries, be taxed ican Farm Bureau, now in session at agriCulture in Yugoslavia, just as Stalin
additional millions of dollars.'' Dallas, Tex., to increase the production imposed them in Russia. 1 The SPEAKER. The time of the of foodstuffs because of the coming Of course there are all kinds of dicta gentleman from Illinois has expired. scarcity, and the need for abundant food tors, and there have been all sorts of Mr. WADSWORTH. Mr. Speaker, I crops to meet the requirements of global famines. There are such dictators as yield 10 minutes to the gentleman from war, should such a war come. Franco of Spain and there have been Ohio [Mr. BROWN]. Let us analyze, if we may, for a mo Spanish famines. Dictator Franco, Mr. BROWN of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, ment or two just what the situation is. however, is not a Communist. I hold· we meet here today in a time of most We have not bee·n unkind or unfriendly no brief for any dictator. But Franco is serious crisis to consider H. R. 9853, a to Mr. Tito in the past, I quote from the opposed to communism. Franco fought bill which would make a gift of $38,- Senate report, if I may, Mr. Speaker, be communism, and he whipped ·the Com 000,000 to the Government of Yugoslavia, cause I believe it deals with this· subject munist forces in Spain. Yet he has which is headed by the Communist dic more factually and more clearly than has never been recognized by the United tator, Tito, without any strings whatso the House committee report. · States, or any of those elements here in ever attached thereto with the small ex If I can read the Senate report cor this country now directing our foreign ception the people of Yugoslavia are pre rectly, we have already given something policy. Franco has come to this coun sumably to be made aware of who has like 350 or 360 million dollars to Mr. Tito try for aid in time of Spanish famine furnished the money. · and his government. If you will refer to and certainly a Spaniard can be just as Yesterday another body of this Con page 7 of the Senate report, you will find hungry and starve just as terribly as any gress enacted legislati<;m on tP,is same. that during wartime we gave under plan Yugoslav. But when Franco came to subject, except the bill, as it passed the A to Mr. Tito $6;500,000, and under lend the United States pleading for help to other body, did provide the money to lease, which has never been repaid, $32,- · meet the famine in Spain, he did not ask be used for this gift purpose should be 125,000; under UNRRA we sent into for a gift. He did not even suggest a taken from the ECA or Marshall-plan Yugoslavia $299,081,000 in food and re gift. He asked only for a loan. There funds and charged against Yugoslavia's lief; that since the break came with Rus are strategic supplies in Spain which we quota; and that counterpart funds sia, if it did come, we have made three need just as much as there are sooh should be set up by the Government of loans to Tito totaling $55,000,000, one on supplies in Yugoslavia. The Yugosla~ Yugoslavia, in Yugoslavian currency, to September 19, 1949, one in March 1949, ians supplies will be one of the arguments· equal the amount of the gift, under the and another in August 1949; and that in used in favor of this bill. But we would arrangement that the United States addition we arranged for certain credits not even consider the loan to Spain until might control the disposal of these coun- · for Mr. Tito and his government in the Congress, realizing · that the Iberian terpart funds within Yugoslavia, for pur amount of some $3,000,000 in September Peninsula was the most important and poses that may be for the benefit of both 1949, all at the expense of the American strategic spot in all Europe in case war countries: taxpayer. Again, in October there was should come with Russia, last year voted Two arguments are made in support a $2,700,000 loan, and again in October $100,000,000 to be loaned to the Spanish of the enactment of this legislation. a $6,000,000 loan. Again, there were cer Qovernment. Up to this moment not a One is that it is necessary to make this tain off-shore arrangements through single dollar of that amount has been gift to Tito in order to at least immo ECA benefitting Yugoslavia, the amount sent to Spain-not a single loan has been bilize, if not to obtain the active help of, of which I do not know. Further, in made under the authorization of the some 32 divisions that he now has in his September 1949 we arranged for the Congress by this so-called administra army. The other argument in its favor transfer of some $35,000,000 in Western tion which has been drafting our foreign is that most of the gift fund will be used Germany credits to Yugoslavia, in dol policies. The people of America are well for the purchase of American agricul lars, and of course the only currency in fed-up with those foreign policies and tural products in storage, or owned or volved were American dollars. Let me are complaining to us about them. I controlled by the Federal Government. conclude that segment of my argument think it is time we looked at this bill very .The argument is made that Tito is by reiterating that we have not been un carefully-stop coddling communism.....:.. • friendly or will be friendly to us because fair or unkind to Mr. Tito and his gov and start being realistic in the conduct he has broken, or is supposed to have ernment. of our foreign relations. broken, with Stalin and Soviet Russia. Of course, as the gentleman from Illi The SPEAKER pro tempore
away from Moscow. It will require ta~- frankly with him throughout the inter country which used to be behind the iron ing advantage of every single oppor· view, and he displayed a genuine desire curtain. tunity. Today, Yugoslavia offers us one to answer our questions. We quizzed Mr. Chairman, the times are so critical such opportunity. Because of the criti· :. Jf- Tito sharply about his break with the and the danger so imminent that we cal food shortage in Yugoslavia, the '. Kremlin, recognizing that this repre must marshal all the independent na break with Russia and certain internal - sents the first roll-back of the iron cur tions which are standing up to Soviet im policies which we cannot condone, Tito tain. Could we place confidence in the perialism. Yugoslavia is one of those is faced with the threat of economic · reality of the rift? Could we rely on his nations. The fall of an independent chaos which could drive him back to the not returning to the Soviet fold? Tito Yugoshvia would have grave and far· Kremlin or cause him to be overthrown was .·emphatic about this. His brea"k reaching consequences. Our dangerous by Stalin's henchmen. In either case with Stalin was real, he assured us. We ·military position wou1d become desperate the only regime which has been able to asked Tito why Russia had not taken if the largest and strongest army in Eu break away from the Kremlin would be over Yugoslavia militarily. Tito ex rope lined up with the Soviet forces swallowed up by -the waiting Soviet pla-ined that there were several reasons: against us. We cannot expect to swap forces. Needless to say, the loss of an First, he said, Stalin miscalculated in this surplus food which is an investment independent Yugoslavia, having as it thinking that Yugoslavia would crack up in our own security for world-shaking does the largest standing army in economically. Tito said that they were bilateral agreements; nor haggle about Europe, would be a serious blow to the not going to crack up and surplus food tying strings which have no strength. security of the North Atlantic Treaty from the United States, if granted, would We already have more commitments in area and of the United States. Some of be a great help in preventing such a ca this bill than we had in the highly suc our surplus food that we cannot use tastrophe. Second, Tito told us, he has cessful Greek-Turkish-aid program. could make the difference. It is a chance over 30 divisions trained for µlountain Neither can we afford to be choosy, pick· we must take. fighting, the kind of fighting an invader ing out only those countries whose phi . Mr. BURNSIDE. Mr. Chairman, will woulc.l find a hard nut to crack. He losophies coincide with ours or those who the gentleman yield? added that Stalin knows these Yugoslav. have always been our friends. Above all, Mr. BATTLE. I yield to the gentle· divisions can tie up and hold up at least we cannot afford to miss the chance to man from West Virginia. an equal number of Russian divisions.. marshall these independent forces while Mr. BURNSIDE. Along that same . · One of the most significant state we still have the chance-in our tremen line, would it not be logical to think ments that Tito made was relative to his dous task of preventing world enslave that Tito might disband some of those obligations to the United Nations. It ment. divisions and put those men back to pro· was the first time that he had made such Mr. FULTON. Mr. Chairman, will the ducing food in February or March-they a statement. In response to my question, gentleman yield? have an earlier season than ours-and he declared that in the future Yugoslavia . Mr. BATTLE. I yield to the gentle ·we would then lose divisions that might would uphold its responsibilities in the man from Pennsylvania. ~e helpful? . United Nations whether or not Yugo · Mr. FULTON. The gentleman has . Mr. BATTLE. I think that is a defi· slavia was attacked first. It will be re· stated as his opinion that the drought in nite possibility, although my personal called that previously he had said he Yugoslavia on its economy was devastat opinion is that his armed forces are going would fight and defend Yugoslavia ing. If you will look at page 4 of the to come first, almost through necessity against any enemy that attacked his Senate report you will find a schedule for his own protection if for nothing else. country. But this is the first time that of commodities produced in Yugoslavia, Mr. Chairman, I do not mean to sug- he made the statement that in the future taking the 1947-49 averages. You will gest that the internal conditions in he would fight under the auspices of the find that the corn production averaged Yugoslavia today are the same as the United Nations irrespective of which na 59 percent and rice 100 percent and sugar conditions which existed in Greece and tion was attacked. We thought perhaps 108 percent. Now, which is true, the Turkey back in 1947. I do wish to em- we were having interpretation di:fficul gentleman's estimate that it was devas phasize, however, that t.he interest of the ties, so we quizzed him further along this tating or the Senate estimate that they United States is the same. And that is, line. But there was no misundertanding. were actually averaging about 60 to 70 the principle of assisting independent Tito stuck to his original statement. percent ·of their total production? nations to remain independent and free This is how he reasoned: There will be Mr. BATTLE. _I do not think there is from the domination threatened by Mos- no such thing as a bilateral war. In the any doubt that Yugoslavia is suffering cow. In voting for the Greek-Turkish world of today, if two great nations get from a drought and that they are in need aid program, our primary responsibility into a war, it will inevitably spread into a of food. was to protect the national security of global conflict. Irrespective of his strong Mr. VORYS. Mr. Chairman; I yield the United States. In voting for this desire to remain neutral and not to have 10 minutes to the gentleman from Wis- program of relief to drought-stricken entangling alliances with foreign na consin [Mr. SMITHJ. · Yugoslavia, our consideration must also tions, Tito realizes that no nation would Mr. SMITH of Wisconsin. Mr. Chair be that security. be able to stay out of such a conflict. man, the gentleman from Ohio has sug Mr. Chairman, I visited Yugoslavia While in Yugoslavia we visited a col· gested that if we give aid under this 6 weeks ago, together with my colleague lective farm, and it was interesting to legislation we ought to make it ·in the on the Foreign Affairs Committee, the talk to the men, women, and children form of a contract, that is, a loan. There gentleman from North Carolina [Mr. working on this farm. Except for the is precedent for that. . Just a short time CHATHAM], and the gentleman from Communist leaders sent out to manage ago Mr. Tito accepted a loan from Brit Texas [Mr. FISHER], a member of the the operations, it seemed to me that ain to the extent of about $8,000,000. Armed Services Committee. The dev- these farm people were no more Com Why should we not advance $38,000,000 astating effects of the drought were ap- munists than the man in the moon. I on the same basis? parent even from the plane before we do not believe they know anything about As I listened, Mr. Chairman, to the landed. As we drove over the country- political philosophy including Marxism, proponents of this legislation while the side we saw rows and rows of . parched Leninism, Stalinism, or any other kind rule was being discussed it seemed to be fields. They offered mute testimony to of "ism." They impressed me as being their view that this is legislation on the hunger which is in store for the t erribly poor, hard-working people who which we must take a chance. I sub Yugoslav people this winter unless the never have had much of a chance in life. mit, Mr. Chairman, that we have been United States comes to their assistance We also visited a home along the road taking an awful lot of chances and have quickly with some of our surplus food. side and I was pleasantly surprised in · been brought to a terrible state of affairs. During our visit, we were given an each instance at the good will toward If we are going to use that as an argu hour and a half interview with the man America which was manifested toward ment in favor of this legislation we ought who dared to defy the Kremlin by refus- us'. Many of these people hope to come to review briefly just how far commu ing to be a puppet, Marshal Tito. He is to America some day, or at least to have nism has advanced while we have been a mild-mannered man with a square-set their' children come to this land of op taking these chances. In 1945 commu jaw, a dictator to be sure and formerly portunity and freedom. We have a lot nism dominated 190,000,000. In 1948 it the star pupil of Stalin. We talked very of good will to build on, ~ven in this dominated 450,000,000 people, and on 1950 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE / 16479 January 1, 1950, it dominated 800,000,- dition of our aid? There have been no There is another phase of the question 000 people. consultations between the Yugoslav mil before us, Mr. Chairman, namely, the ef Mr. Chairmap, the Yugoslav aid bill .itary and our military leaders. That is fect of our.policy upon the freedom:..1ov which we are considering is not a pro .General Bradley's testimo·ny. ing people in Yugoslavia and the other gram that can be justified on a humani Now something has. 'Qeen said about iron-curtain count1ies. In essence, what tarian basis. The.. public and many the break between Tito and Stalin. I we are actu.ally doing is to insure Tito's Members in this body have been led to would remind you that there has never regime; we make certain that his dic believe that a serious drought this last been a 1close relationship between the tatorship will continue. summer is causing a great food famine. two. Tito has never been trained in the Leapold Kohr, professor of economics Nor can it be justified as a military-aid Kremlin; he was in power when Russian at Rutgers, in a recent article said: measure. The proponents have failed to troops entered Belgrade in October 1944. No ruler stands on shakier foundations prove their case. Yugoslavia has never been a Soviet. than Marshall Tito. He is opposed by many This bill is a new wrinkle in give-away satellite as we understand that term. It Serbs because he is a Croat. He is oppo5ed programs. It is the worst of its kind ever was the . British, aided by the United by the overwhelmingly Catholic Croats be to be submitted to us. It is a gross fraud States, that backed Tito against Mikhail cause he is an atheistic Communist. He is opposed by Communists because he is a upon the American people and another ovich, the real Yugoslav patriot. Titoist. He is opposed by Democrats be sop to buy a dyed-in-the-wool Commu May I interpolate here. Do you re cause he is a dictator. • • • Deprived of nist who sits on .a shaky throne. I am member when King Peter spoke to us all means of support, Tito can now be main opposed to it. from the ·speaker's dias in the House in tained in power only through external aid The old calculated-risk theory is 1943 and he concluded his appeal to us furnished by the very nations he has trotted out and the bait in the trap is for assistance, that it should go to sup- hitherto denounced and at whom, as they Tito's 30 divisions of troops. It is the . port that great patriotic Mikhailovitch prepare to help him, he now hurls the in solent warning that he does not intend to same old bogus argument that was used and we stood and cheered and those old mend his ways. at Tehran, Yalta, and Potsdam, always girders in the House rang? Then, within the pious hope that Stalin would be a less than a year we had sold poor old Of course, he does not. nice boy, and it was the same with the Mikhailovitch down the river and then Recently, Mr. Chairman, American Chinese Communists, those agrarian re they hung him. Serbian organizations have been heard formers who. are murdering our boys in Yes, Mr. Chairman, we appeased Tito on this legislation. These organizations Korea. Again we arc wishfully hoping and dumped Mikhailovitch, another dark contend that Tito would have us believe that Communist Tito will play on our chapter in our history_:_another · calcu that the famine was caused by drought. side and not with Stalin. Once again we lated risk which brought disaster to This is not the truth, they say. Its main are compromising with communism. Greece and instability in the Balkans. cause has been Tito's oppressive meas Those who know something about the Had we continued to support Mikhailo ures for collectivization of farms. Peas 30 divisions of troops deny that it is the vich, the West would be in a far better ants constitute 80 percent of Yugoslavia's strongest army in Europe. They say strategic position to day on the Danube. population. This vast majority:is being such reports are propaganda. I am in One writer has .said that it would have robbed of its right to own land and retain formed that it is one of the weakest controlled the balance of power in the the fruits of its labor. Injustice has armies in a Communist-threatened Eu middle and southeastern areas of Europe. robbed them of the initiative to produce. rope. Nearly all the old commanding of There surely would have been -no Ger While it is true there has been a con ficers in Tito's forces are present Stalin man or Austrian problem as we know it siderable drought yet collectivization of ites. The rank and file of Tito's army today. Many European wars .have been the peasants' farms is the basic cause for are intensely nationalistic; they are fought to secure an outlet to the Medi"!' whatever famine that exists, according both anti-Tito and anti-Stalin. The terranean Sea. If Tito thought it would to the American-Serbian groups. only dependable ·force that Tito has is be profitable for him or because of over Mr. Chairman, if there is danger of composed of his own personal followers whelming pressure that Russia would famine and suffering then the aid and his police forces. There is serious bring to bear upon him, he would bow to rendered under this bill should be dis question ·~hat Tito has anything like 30 Stalin and then we would be in the same tributed by some American organization divisions. Whatever he has is poorly unfortunate position-as in Korea-of such as the American Red Cross or the equipped with weapons of Russian-Ger giving material and economic aid to Friends Society. Further if Tito is on man origin. It is poorly officered by men these countries only to make them lusci our side then this bill should also provide whose political dependability is open to · ous prizes when the Russians decide to important conditions; such as a guar serious doubt. To make this army eff ec move in. anty of free and unfettered elections, tive, it would be necessary to arm it with Mr. Chairman, Tito is a Communist of full religious freedom for all faiths, of modem American weapons and put it and he boasts of that fact. He is a ruth the release of Cardinal Stepinac, of the under the command of officers whose less dictator; he oppresses freedom end of collectivization of farms and the loyalty to democratic causes cannot be and liberty, his opponents are shot or promise of a settlement of the Trieste questioned. To do otherwise is to risk hanged and thousands of loyal people are dispute. I can hear it said that this is having American weapons turned against political prisoners. He has collectivized interference with the internal affairs of American boys. farms and imprisoned peasants who re another government. I ask you what I make this unequivocal statement, fuse to produce farm products that he kind of traders are we? Where are the Mr. Chairman, that if this bill is ap.:. demands. This is the Tito whose guer modern Yankee traders? The Commu proved that within 6 months or less the rillas kidnapped Greek children from nists would destroy us if they could and I State Department will be back :here with their homes and he still refuses to sur shall not be a party to giving aid and another bill asking Congress to author render them. Oh, yes, we are told he has comfort to the man who would destroy ize the shipment of military supplies to returned a few of them. Why not all? my home. I shall oppose communism so Yugoslavia. This would be a risky gam Should-we not make this a condition? long as my voice can be heard. I do not ble. It would equip Tito's army with Would you trust him in any kind of a intend to .compromise with Tito's com additional bargaining power by which deal? Communists are liars-even the munism. the Unit'=!d States could be threatened ' American brand. To do business with " Our boys are dying in Korea today in a. with pro-Soviet action on the part of Tito is to do business with the Devil. war they are told is to prevent the rush Yugoslavia. In other words should we But the State Department says, notwith of communism. The bill we are debating refuse to approve a demand for military standing Tito's communism and his bad today will, in effect, guarantee the con materiel, foxy Tito would say, "Well, if record, in our desire to stop communism tinuance of communism in Yugoslavia I don't get it from you, 1'11 get it from the we will take a chance. This is unadul we guarantee the rule of tyranny and Russians." That kind of argument has tered compromise. Do we favor just a despotism. What will we say to the loved been quite effective in the past. It seems little bit of communism? It's a diaboli ones of those who have already given obvious to me that it will be used again .cal policy and will lead to the same fail their lives in Korea if we vote for this as the occasion arises. ure as our appeasement policy has with bill. Are we against communism or not? ·There is no showing that Tito will be Stalin. It is this policy that has plunged Or can we be just a little bit for it? on our team. Why not make that a con- us into the mess we are in totjay. Consistency~ thou are a jewel. WheD the 16480 CON_GRESSIONAI.; RECORD-HQUSE DECEMBER 12 final roll is called the record will reveal By cohesiveness, an organized minority or the approval of this bill which indi those who are for and those who are knows what they are going to do. Tak.. cates anything about support for com against communism. ing into account the fact, that Tito him.. · munism or support for Russia. This bill, Mr. RICHARDS. Mr. Chairman, I self has suppressed all the anti-Tito ele .. · Mr. Chairman, is basically a bill look . yield 16 minutes to the gentleman from ments, and I think frankly has liqui.. ing toward the supporting and strength Connecticut [Mr. RIBICOFF]. dated all possible effective leadership of ening of the United States of America. Mr. RIBICOFF. Mr. Chairman, first anti-Titoism, it seems that if Tito fell I think this House should view the bill I want to make a few brief comments on because of great dissatisfaction the only in that lig·ht. We are getting a plus the statement made by the gentleman group that would be strong enough, and factor in the whole situation. We are from Wisconsin [Mr. SMITH], who pre .. also the only grq_up that could look for checkmating at least 32 divisions. We ceded me. He talks about the roll call outside help right on its border from know that for 400 years they fought the and states that by your vote will be indi Russia and its satellites would· be the Turks. We know that they tied up many cated whether you are for or against cominform group of Stalinist Commu- Nazi divisions during the last war. communism. Basically, I think he over nists who would take over in that stra- Those partisans, those Yugoslavs, stayed looks the fact that not only are we tegic area of the world. That is what all there and all of the evidence is that they against communism but we are also of us must realize. We must realize that will tie up many divisions that Russia against Russian militarism, and there is the basic purpose of American foreign might throw elsewhere. There is ample no question in anyone's mind that the policy is to make sure that this Nation testimony to the effect that Yugoslavia conduct of Russia during the past few survives. We must always make sure today is a plus factor on the side of the years is one of naked militarism, using that the forces which. are aligned with forces of the United states. We have communism as a force. Anything that the United States are always the supe- alliances with Western Europe. Are we can be done to stop that militarism which rior force. The United States of America going to be able to save Western Europe threatens all mankind is definitely on cannot be in the position of not using its and the productice capacity of those the side of the United States of America. power. If it has power and does not use people, those 270,000,000 people? But. The gentleman also mentioned the that power it does so nevertheless in surely if we let Yugoslavia go down and fact that Tito is weak and could fall at favor of the adversary forces. If the let Stalin take over, by virtue of Stalin any time. I am willing to grant that United States refuses to give this aid taking that nation there is no question proposition to the gentleman from Wis to Tito, what are we actually doing? We that Germany is weakened, that Italy is consin, but is there any question in his are taking our power in a negative man- weakened, that France is weakened, and mind that if Tito fell Stalin would take ner and giving it to Stalin. We are that Greece is weakened, and accord his place? , saying, "We are not going to help you, ingly the position of the United States May I ask the gentleman from Wis Mr. Tito; we are going to let you fall, in the world today will be weakened, too. consin whether he would prefer Stalin we are going to allow general dissatis- Mr. SMITH of Wisconsin. Mr. Chair in control of Yugoslavia instead of Tito? faction to exist throughout your nation.'' man, will the gentleman yield? Would he prefer Stalin in control of As a consequence, what does America do Mr. RIBICOFF. I yeld to the gentle- those 32 divisions? Would he prefer by not using its power? America then man from Wisconsin. Stalin in control of ·that strategic part· takes a negative view, takes its power Mr. SMITH of Wisconsin. I would like of the world? Or would he rather have and gives it to Stalin. That is one of to say to the gentleman that I think his Tito, not an imperialist, in control? the main issues here before us today. statement is based on a false premise. Mr. KEATING. Mr. Chairman, will I may say that no clearer statement He assumes that if the forces of Tito the gentleman yield? was given than that of the gentleman fall that they are going to go Russian . Mr. RIBICOFF. I yield. from New York [Mr. WADSWORTH] in his Communist. Now, Serbians with whom · Mr. KEATING. That is .exactly the analysis, which was cool, calm, reason- I have discussed this matter say that point that is bothering me, and my mind able, and logical. The United States by aiding Tito we are blighting the lamp is often on this bill. I realize that per must realize the position in the world of liberty and freedom; that if he was haps the gentleman cannot reveal to the of those countries on the borders of to fall he would fall to the West, people House everything that was said in the Yugoslavia. Not only have you got the who believe in the principles that we do. committee, nor can the gentleman from satellites, you have· Greece, you have I agree that the crux of this matter is Wisconsin, but what is the likelihood in Italy, you have Austria. If you get your- which way it will go. Yugoslavia if Tito fell? In other words, self in the position where Stalin comes Mr. RIBICOFF. In answer to the is it a fact that he is likely to be sup in, he will control the Adriatic, · he gentleman from Wisconsin, I want to planted by a Moscow-controlled puppet? marches in Turkey, he marches in point out this. There is·no question that Mr. RIBICOFF. The best information Greece. He is there to go into Trieste Tito's policy has been anti all religion. that we have is that a few men under and to attack Italy and go down the Po I condemn this policy. What makes us Tito are very strong individuals, Titoists, Valley. c think that those Serbians could do any anti-cominform, and would probably be Those are the facts of life. The fact differently than the Hungarians did, able to hold the reins of Tito commu remains basically that the United States than the Rumanians did,. than the Bul nism unless there were such general dis is not too strong today. Let us be real- garians did, that the Latvians did, that satisfaction in the whole country due to istic about the whole situation. The the Poles did, that the Lithuanians did conditions such as these that there United States is in a critical situation. and all those nations that were as would be a general sweeping out of Tito General Bradley confirmed the weakness ~trongly religious as those Serbians, but ism and a supplanting by Stalinism. I of American· forces in a recent speech. could not stand up against the powers think that is a very important consid It is no secret. .I think it can well be and forces of Soviet Russia? ·What eration to take into account in connec said that probably by . the aid we may makes us think that in that area of the tion with this bill. give to Yugoslavia it will be an impetus world, while that entire area is within Mr. KEATING. The gentleman from to have Stalin move against Tito. Is the control and purview of Stalin except Wisconsin referred to other elements Tito brave or not brave in taking this this country ori the Adriatic, approxi in the country who are equally opposed aid from the United States? · mately 6,000,000 Serbs could stand up ~o Tito as are the Stalinists. My· worry Do you think that the United States against the power of those approxi and my inquiry is, Which one of those would go to the aid of Tito under those mately 600,000 ,000 people in the heart elements is going to come in? The only circumstances? Whether we would or land of Europe and Asia. possible justification -for this measure is not I do not know, but I do not think Mr. SMITH of Wisconsin. Because that it will help to retain in power a man we have the forces or the power today they have already done it under Mik- who is the lesser of two evils. to actually commit our own forces in hailovitch. - Mr. RIBICOFF. Replying to the gen the Adriatic. Today with the world situ- Mr. GROSS. Mr. Chairman, will the tleman, I would say, let us look at the ation as it is and with our own future gentleman yield? past successes of communism and its in at stake, these are the practical con- Mr. RIBICOFF. I yield to the gentle~ filtration, together with the manner in siderations. man from Iowa. which they have taken over one nation None of us likes this bill, none of us Mr. GROSS. The gentleman says after another through close alinement. . likes Tito. There is nothing in this bill that the United S~ates is weak and 1950 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 16481
quotes General Bradley as concurring in discontinuation of su~h Policies from . superior power. A nation must give heed, that statement. Why are we weak? Tito that will require him to come to this not only to its goals, but also to its means Mr. RIBIOOFF. I would'. be willing to Congress and this Government again and of achieving them. That :rµeans power, answer that question. I would say ·to. a. ask for further aid, and I would be glad for power is a capacity to achieve in certain extent that the United States has to join with the gentleman from Ohio tended results. not realized the resPonsibiltiy upon its in sponsoring such an amendment when We want our Nation to play a role of own shoulders for having made the com the bill is read under the 5-minute rule. power-not of power as an end in itself, mitments that it has. Mr. FULTON. Mr. Chairman, will the but as a means to wise and just ends. Mr. GROSS. · The gentleman means gentleman yield? Our Government must look to its military the administration and not the United Mr. RIBICOFF. I yield to the gentle strength. It must seek the support of . States, because we have appropriated all man from Pennsylvania. other nations. It must be willing to help the· moriey asked for for defense pur Mr. FULTON. · As I have respect for them, as they need help, in providing , pcses, militarily speaking. the gentleman's opinion, why could not the means to persevere toward our com Mr. RIBICOFF. I would say, mili the United Nations agencies be used for mon goals. Our Government also must tarily speaking, that we have not appro this aid, if it is for a humanitarian and aet prudently to preserve and develop priated enough. It has been far from a relief program, for example, the Food the internal strength of the Nation. It enough. I think the United States does and Agricultural Organization? There must seek at all times to act in the areas not have a force in being, and has not is also the International Emergency: where Americans are united as a people. appropriated enough money to take care Children's Fund. The United Nations It cannot afford to fragment the popular of its all-around commitments all over has agencies set up just for this purpose, support which iis the ultimate source of. the wofld, and that is something that and se ~ up in Europe where the distances all national strength. I have been saying in Congress and out would not be great. . Let me tell you what I think is the of Congress for a year and a half, and Mr. RIBICOFF. Frankly, the United most important thing for us to keep in I think that it becomes very, very im States is giving this money for a very mind about our power: There is no way portant that not another day go by be selfish purpose. The United States is we can avoid having it count. Power fore there is complete mobilization, be salvaging millions of hungry Yugoslavs. as I said beiore~means the capacity to fore there is price control and wage con- · We want the good will of the people who achieve one's intentions. A nation which trol and more taxes, because the Amerf..: are the recipients of that aid to inure has power arid yet withholds it-uses its can people have to become aware of the to the benefit of the United States, that power nevertheless. It uses it on the fact that we are woefully weak, and is giving all this money to salvage this side of adversary forces. By withholding every tick of time is essential for the nation in hunger and misery. I do not aid to Yugoslavia, the United States safety and security of the United States, think it is an unworthy purpose of the would really throw its power on the side and there is much more we must do and United States .to make sure that we get of the Kremlin, which would capitalize that the executive ·branch of this Gov credit for the money we spend, and to on the weakness of Yugoslavia. As much ernment must do in order that the . make sure that these people get the re as we dislike Tito it is to the advantage United States and . western civilization lief. of this Nation to have Tito in Belgrade may survive. Mr. FULTON. That is putting the instead of Stalin. " Mr. VORYS. Mr. Chairman, will the. program on a broader basis than simply Today the cheapest thing we .have to gentleman yield? a strategic basis. You are not then sacrifice is money. Our Nation's youth, Mr. RIBICOFF. I yield to the gentle simply ·trying to give millions o.f dollars. our freedoms, our -institrutions are ever man from Ohio. in order to hold 32 diVisions. From your so much more precious assets. Mr: VORYS. Would the ·gentleman viewPoint, you are really trying to· feed Ne.xt to Russia, Yugoslavia has the have any objection to writing into this the starving and hungry people as well strongest standing army in Europe. It bill provisions requiring economic as get a little credit fOT it. is composed of more than 30 divisions. policies so that Tito would not make a Mr. ;RIBICOFF. That has always This aid is justified by political, military habit or a career of running out of funds been a worthy purpose indulged in by and strategic reasons, as well as humani and coming to us again? the Government. of the United States. tarian ones. Yugoslavia· ·occupies a highly strategic position in Europe. It Mr. RIBICOFF. I will say to the Mr. Chairman, -few bills before Con~ gentleman from Ohio that I am in com gress have been mpported with such has common borders with Italy, Austria, plete agreement with him. I do not sub little enthusiasm for the direct bene· Greece, Bulgaria, Rumania, Hungary and scribe that all of Tito's difficulties are ficiaries. After all, Yugoslavia is a Com Albania. The continuation of Yug·osla due to the drought. I believe that much munist state and a dictatorship. Al via's independence certainly works defin though this Nation maintains normal ite advantages to Italy, Trieste and Aus of Tito's ·difficulties are due to his fast diplomatic and commercial relations tria. An independent Yugoslavia blocks pushing of the industrialization of his with Yugoslavia, this bill in no way im Russia's domination of the Adriatic and nation. I think he sacrificed much of plies approval of Tito's internal poli the Mediterranean. The civil war the welfare of his nation in order to be in Greece came to a close when Tito come selfsufficient. I also believe that cies. Further, there is no guaranty im plicit in this measure. blocked his frontiers to the Greek Com~ much of Tito's difficulties are due to his This bill requires a tough decision; it munists. rapid collectivization which caused great is an expensive one; it is not a sure You have heard and will hear more resistance among the land-owning peas · thing, but because of .the difficulties the in this debate that Tito is a Communist, ants in that area who are· unwilling to burden is placed nevertheless on this that his country is a PQlice station, that grow the creps and unwilling to turn over Congress. That burden is a part of de ·he may realine with Stalin, that what we their substances to an over-all mono mocracy, and an essential part. If you give him may he used against us, that lithic dictatorship, which is Tito's. As lived in Russia, you would not have to he may be killed and the Politburo may the gentleman knows, I joined with the trouble yourself over the finely balanced take over anyway, . But as I said earlier, gentleman in the Committee on Foreign processes of foreign policy. You would we are giving this aid to Tito with our Affairs sponsoring an amendment which leave all the tough questions to your eye wide open and from a sense of real would seek to put that type of condition masters in the Kremlin. . ism, and not because we have any af on our further giving of aid. I will say This Nation must see the world situa fection for him or his system o:f govern to the gentleman I have had an amend tion steadily and whole, and yet not be ment. ment drafted which I will be delighted come so preoccupied with the whole pie .. Tito, however, cannot go back to the to have him introduce instead ·of myself, ture that it loses track of the particular Soviet Union. · All testimony is that the which reads as follows: problems of particular situations. break between him and Stalin is definite, To take all nece!'lsary action to reduce its And yet no foreign policy of this Na·· While it is true that any assistance relief' needs and to lessen the danger of simi tion can be justified unless it looks to that we give Yugoslavia would be bene lar future emergencies. ward the strengthening and survival of ficial to Stalin were he to take over Yugo If this Nation is goirig to give aid, and · our own Nation. We must constantly slavia, it should be kept in mind that the I think it is important to give aid, at strive to insure that the nations with same argument holds for every other least this Government can expect the which we are alined always have the nation in the world which has receiv~d 16482 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE DECEMBER 12 aid fiom this Nation. However, if Yugo backs upon it whe.never a minor tactical that those who are backing this bill are slavia goes down, the positions of Greece, gain might be scored in the contention for the Communist idea, which is, I Italy, France, and Germany are in still between parties. These are half in and think, quite unfair. Those who have greater danger, as well as the entire half out of the bipartisar. approach. spoken for this bill are known as ardent Middle East. These are wont to share the credit for opponents of communism and my own There are some things in the bill that all successes and to disavow any part in record of fighting the Communists and do not please me. Although the drought the disappointments. They are wont communism certainly needs no apology accounts in the main for their food also to regard the bipartisan idea of the and it is clear; in fact, this bill is a strong shortages, yet collectivization and too foreign policy as an arrangement in anti-Communist measure. rapid industrialization are also to blame. which the constitutionally responsible of .. The one thing that has not been said An amendment should be introduced and ficers must give hostages to the minor today is that this is the first time I know supported to the end that any measures ity. They regard any refusal to give way of and the first time I think the Congress which would tend to worsen Yugoslavia's to minority dictation as a breach of knows of when the United States has food and economic position should be faith. They regard the bipartisan for gotten grim and has gotten realistic. prohibited, as well as one to the effect eign policy as a warrant to raise their This is the only opportunity which has that nothing in this act implies approval voices in condemnation whenever they been offered to us here to wage economic of Tito's regime or the policies pursued wish and yet to claim immunity to any warfare behind the iron curtain. The by it. rejoinder. gentlemen who argue against this bill It can easily be seen that foreign Yet these have not been the prevailing cannot have it both ways. They cannot policy is a vast and delicate business. moods. Our Nation has presented a con say they want to fight communism to Its complexity goes beyond the limits of tinuity of policy and a determination of the limit, that they want to fight it any one man or any group. It requires effort which are quite in contrast to the wherever they can find it, and at the the best wisdom of all of us. default of responsibility that obtained same timP, oppose the only measure of At this critical time in the history of after Versailles a generation ago. effective economic warfare on commu our Nation and western civilization, I This does not mean that there has not nism which the co·ngress has had an op again plead for our Nation to rise above also been a short-sighted approach to portunity to act on. the level of party considerations. The bipartisanship by the executive branch These Communists do not play for · fact is that men of good will in both of our Government. While the direction marbles. Tito knew he was risking his parties have perceived the necessity of and execution of foreign policy is within head when he came out against the establishing a more stable basis for legis the executive branch, the Congress must Cominform. Yugoslavia, and that is the lative consideration of foreign policy implement, iegislate, and appropriate to testimony before us, is running rife with · than would be possible if such issues make foreign policy effective. Congress Russian Communist agents seeking were approached in the context of party has been neglected too often. Consulta Tito's head and seeking to overthrow bickering. The bipartisan foreign policy tion and briefing after the fact, yes; but him. When we back Tito we are back has enabled Americans to stand together consultation before the :fact, no. Art ing the only Communist leader who has in facing the world's problems. The effective foreign policy is too important dared to . defy the Kremlin. So far as Congress-that is, most of the Members not to take into account the views of the Kremlin is concerned, that is anath of Congress-have sought to find the those who have legislative power. The ema. That encourages others to ques precepts of our world policy not in the responsibility should be placed on con tion its authority. That destroys the re narrow range of partisan striving, but gressional shoulders, too. The executive ligion which is communism. This is the in a broad framework of patriotic branch has given too little attention to first fellow who has had the nerve to do endeavor. the realities of the legislative process. it and we are arguing about the fact that Not all of the Members of Congress ~his oversight should be rectified at once. we do not want to break the only effec have abided by that principle. Some Further, each tick of time makes our tive dagger which has been pointed at have preferred the old habits of mutual job so much harder. Complete mobiliza the heart of the Kremlin from behind distrust between the parties in foreign tion, controls, taxes, a price and wage the iron curtain and which is not cost as well as domestic affairs. Their minds freeze, and even roll-backs should be put ing a single American soldier. It is cost and hearts still operate in the framework into effect without a moment's delay, ing thirty-eight million in dollars. of 30 years ago. You will remember the We are in a national emergency. Strong There is one thing that the action of tragedy of that era resulting from the leadership will galvanize the entire Communist China in Korea should prove circumstance that men in positions of people to action. to all of us and that is that the strength great political power in our Nation To avert the threatening tragedy and of the Soviet Union is based upon satel sought to raise party advantage above progressing toward the goal of a just lites. · What makes the Soviet Union national welfare 1and international peace based on a widening opportunity dangerous and imperialistic is the fact peace. The conspiracy to wreck the re will require the best thoughts and the that it has grown to control 800,000,000 sults of President Wilson's leadership most earnest efforts of all men and people. It was not nearly as dangerous was set in motion even before the terms women who can rise above party. The and we did not regard it as nearly as of peace had been developed. Men job is more than Democrats alone can do. great a threat when it controlled the whose skill was in excess of their prin It is more than Republicans alone can do, 200,000,000 people of the Soviet Union ciples, whose partisanship was vastly It is a job for all Americans acting to itself. Now we consider it very danger greater than their patriotism, managed gether. It requires a steadiness of pur ous and Communist China showed us to guide that conspiracy to success. The pose above the vagaries of party fortunes. why-becaus·e the Soviet can now wage result was a chilling of men's hopes' That is why men of good will in both aggressive imperialistic war against the everywhere, a default of leadership on major parties must continue to place our world and she can fight such wars by the part of this Nation through the fal foreign policy on a higher basis than proxy, There is not a single Russian sol low years of the 1920's. Our Nation went party advantage. · dier engaged in Korea. Only Chinese ahead on the assmuption that it was not Mr. VORYS. Mr. Chairman, I yield and Koreans. Yet, American soldiers involved in the deterioration of the situ 10 minutes to the gentleman from New are dying there. ·ation elsewhere on the globe. That as York [Mr. JAVITSJ. Here we have a good chance to immo sumption was blasted with the coming · · Mr. JAVITS. Mr. Chairman, we have bilize, if we do nothing else, to immobil of World War II, which was the opening heard' a lot today and we are hearing it, ize, even if we do it only for a time and phase of the bitter ordeal in which we and justly, every day about the grim- even if we do it only through next spring, are still involved. Yet there are some ness of the situation .in which the United to immobilize 32 Russian divisions. And who would write off the intervening facts States finds itself. One of the gentle what are we paying? We are paying and return nostalgically to the isola men who have discussed this pending bill $38,000,000. tionism of the twenties. Fortunately said, and I think I quote him accurately, What do you gentlemen want for $38,- these are a minority. that the public opinion of the people of 000 ,000 ?-32 divisions to use as we There are others who would share in the United States was against appeas please? My coUeague, the gentleman the bipartisan foreign policy when it is ing communism. An effort was made .from Montana, just told us it cost $3,- to their advantage but would turn their here just a few minutes 9,go to intimate 000,000,000 a year to maintain them and .1950 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 16483 equip them. You cannot buy. 32 clivi Second, and very important, if we do chance we have had. If we do not mean si:ons with $38,000,000-but you get a not help Tito now we do not get a nose it, then all we ar~ doing is using argu chance to keep them from being a threat under the tent even in Yugoslavia. Un ments about the Yugoslav situation as a to us. der this bill we are permitted to send o·ur technique for kUiing .what is proposed The defection of Tito hurts the· Soviet people in to observe the distribution of good, bad, or indiff erent---directed Union. It hurts it badly. Certainly this food. Under this bill the food must against Communists and communism, that is shown by the fact t)lat no event be distributed and that is revolutionary which means spending money. · in recent history has so unnerved the in Yugoslavia-without any reference, One of my colleagues said if we can win masters of the KremJin. No one has not only w religious application but with out in this struggle with communism been the subject of more violent propa out discrimination on grounds of politi only by the expenditure of money, we will ganda out of the Kremlin. They have cal op]nion. One of the things which is · be getting out of it awfully cheap. I not come out against anybody in the happening in Yugoslavia faday is that think we would an agree on that. world, even including the United States special bonuses to Communist commis Mr. SUTTON. Mr. Chairman, will the and the people they can the impeJrialists sars have already been eliminated. gentleman yield? as they have against Tito. He scared Those a:re great gains for the Western Mr. JAVITS. I yield. them to death. .And what we want is World, in addition to those which the Mr. SUTTON. Does the gentleman ac to keep them sca:red. Is this bill not an gentleman from New York [Mr. WADS tually think for one-half second that for awfully cheap price to pay? WORTH] today mentioned, about the se $38,000,000. we will get even one man on This bill is the opening gambit in this curity of the Greek border. That alone the United Nations side? · grim game we are playing with the is worth many times $38,000,000. Mr. JA VITS. I made it definitely clear Soviet Union. This is nothing, pure and The quieting of the situation ir1 Tri that· if we could get that, we could afford simple, but economic warfare, something este; improvement of the situation in to spend far more than $38,0.00,000, but which we learned was very effective in Austria; improvement for American I regard this as being the opening gambit World War II and something which we citizens in Yugoslavia who couid not to keep a dagger pointed at the heart of are learning now in cutting o:ff exports formerly get out; the beginning of the the Kremlin. We will have to be follow to Soviet-bloc countries. We still have return of Greek children. All those ing up on that in whatever way it suits not done enough in that regard. things we are beginning to get, which is us. That does not mean we will have to We could still exercise more leverage definitely breaking the Communist front; go along with Tito in economic aid or' on Hungary with respect to Chrdtnal and we are getting it for what? For anything else, but at least we are keep Mindszenty and Robert Vogeler. We $38,000,000, for food in a famine situ ing the situation favorable to us. now. could still exercise pressure on every ation. Mr. SUTTON. We have already loaned . other Soviet-bloc country if we com Let me pay my respects to that. It is them $31,000,000, have we not? pletely cut them off from the Western nice fo read figures about the fact that Mr. JAVITS. We ·have already ad world wtth which they still must have Yugoslavia has produced 59 percent of its vanced $32,000,000 'in food, but to do the trade relations, and with which they corn crop. We have testimony before job takes over $70,000,000. still do have relations. the committee about the situation with Mr. SUTTON. Is there the slightest There is one other point that is very respect to transport in Yugoslavia. It is insinuation that they will send one man important here. Tito. has asked this e fact that they could have 100 percent to Korea? aidr We are not shoving it across the food supply in the west.or north of Yugo Mr. JAVITS. But if they would send counter to him and saying, "There, Mr. slavia and still have starvation in the men to Ko:rea, it would be worth · far Tito, please take it." When he asks for south of Yugoslavia. That is exactly more than this. I am not claiming for aid from the United States he is making what has occurred. This food is needed this more than it ts. It is a great propa a commitment. He is compromising his in certain areas to which food cannot be ganda weapon and economic welfare position with the people of Yugoslavia brought because of the inadequacy of weapon against the Kremlin the like of themselves, because he was just one of trans.port and transport connections in which we have not had before. those Communists like Stalin who had that cour.. try. And food that comes been raising hob about imperialists. of The CHAIRMl..N. The time of the from the United States will go directly to gentlemari from New York [Mr. JAVITS] which he called us one. Now he comes those areas where there is famine, and has expired. to us and asks for this aid. You do not our own people will see that it goes there. have to take my word or anybody else's Mr. RICHARDS. Mr. Chairman, . I Yugoslavia is still holding Archbishop yield 5 minutes to the gentleman from word for that. The documents are in Stepinac in prison and hundreds of other the record. There is the document of Ohio [Mr. HAYS]. priests and nuns, church property has Mr. HAYS gf Ohio. Mr. Chairman, I October 20,· a note from the Yugoslavian been invaded and taken and generally Ainbassador to the Secretary of state want to thank the gentleman from speaking there has been much activity South Caroli.na [Mr. RICBABDS] for giv specifically requesting, at Tito's direction, th.ere which we know to be associated aid from the United States. Now, ing me this 5 minutes. I realize I can with Communist regimes everywhere not begin to cover the field in that time, Franco-Spain never did that, nor has against religion. In recent months we anybody else in a situation such as this but I have supported all the foreign com have seen a few chinks of light with the mitments that have been brought before where we can take this etrective, unbe release of the Vicar General of the lievably effective act that we are asked Catholic Archdiocese of Belgrade and a the House since I have been a Member to take in our life and death struggle little better climate for people who are of it-the Marshall plan and an· the against communism. There is one. point practicing their religion in Yugoslavia. auxiliary f ea:tures of it. which should be answered. It can be This, however, is a very small change I hesitate to differ with members of said that when we help Tito we are and there is still practically everything the Foreign Affairs Committee on this helping to maintain the status quo. to be done on this score. The question matter. As a matter of fact, I have made There has been a lot of argument made we must ask ourselves is how best can we 86 trips back to my district in the past on that score about our policy, that we begin to get it done, by letting Stalinists Z years to sell my people on the proposi almost always manage to get ourselves take over and getting the iron curtain tion that we cannot be isolationists, and into a box where we maintain the status tightly clamped on again over Yugo that we have to deal with the world. quo, whether in Nationalist China or slavia, too, or by getting openings But it seems to me this is a fundamental South Korea or now in Yugoslavia. That through which the injustices against re matter, that if we are going to fight is perhaps the most potent argument ligion and religious institutions in Yugo communism we have got to have some that can be made against this proposi :proper and sound ground to stand on tion, that by backing Tito we a:re main slavia may begin to be removed? taining_the status quo; But I think that Now,. we have got to make up our when we begin to fight communism by ' is decisively answered by the fact that if minds about.this. Do we really mean it aiding communism. we do not back Tito at this time we lose when we say we are in a grim situation I was in Yugosiavia a. year ago. Tito: two things: It is likely that if Tito falls and we have to :fight with all the weaPons told us, and his foreign minister and as--.> he wrn be succeeded by a Stalinist. The at our command, or do we not mean it? sistant foreign minister told us, that theyj country is in the complete grip of the If we mean it, we have to fight with eco were Communists; that they have DO' . Communist Party. nomic warfare, too. This bin is the first ideological differences with the Kremlin~ 16484 CONGRESSIONAL. RECORD-HOUSE DECEMBER 12 except one, that is, who is going to be ures, but he said that only a relatively tigers in your back yard instead of a the boss in the Balkans. small percentage of this lack of calories big one and a little one. The little one There has been a lot made this after was caused by the drought; he said that will probably treat you just as much as noon about these 32 divisions. The mili a great deal of it was caused by Tito's you thought the big one might. If he is tary a ttache in Belgrade told me a year collectivization. not for you and your principles, if he is ago that as far as he knew I was the Mr. VORYS. Mr. Chairman, I yield not for your way of life when small, do only ·American who had ever seen the 5 minutes to the gentleman from Penn not expect otherwise any time you go Yugoslav Army on maneuvers. sylvania [Mr. FuLTON]. into the garden. The grown little tiger That happened purely through an ac Mr. FULTON. Mr. Chairman, there may not like either you or the big one. cident, because we were not permitted to was one thing that America has stood for This bill's policy could be summed up travel freely in Yugoslavia. during all the years-that there is some tread softly and carry a big bowl. Teddy I want to say to you that if they have thing more than bread, and arms, and Roosevelt's policy was speak softly and 32 divisions, they are not 32 divisions as bombs in the world-there is such a carry a big stick. we understand them; they are rag-tag, thing as principle. We Americans cher America should stand up and still hold bob-tailed, ill-equipped, poorly clad ish this basic concept. Our Government our banner so that the young people of fighting units. They may be good for has stood as a standard to which people the world who are looking for some place guerrilla warfare, but that is about all. could repair who wanted freedom and to place their confidence and their fu Some have said Tito's alleged 32 divi justice and who were oppressed. We ture, can see that the United States is sions can be bought for $38,000,000. We Americans take pride in this stand. The not playing power politics, playing for do riot have any guaranty we can buy question then is in connection with this 32 dictator divisions. Let the dictator them either with food or even if we equip new bill, Shall we firmly and clearly have his divisions, as far as I am con· them. I have seen those men. I have stand with principle and, if necessary, cerned. The man who chooses to stand information, and it is first-hand, that fall with principle? Or shall we em .with free men on his principles will be the first thing they would do would be bark upon opportunism and expediency respected even by his opposition, but the to murder their officers, take to the hills to save our skins and our security? My man who trades his principles for a des and fight against Tito and the Commu answer is a clear "No." perate expediency for his own safety nists from without and try to set up an I hold no higher moral conscience, I and security will not be respected nor . independent government in Yugoslavia. hold no higher public judgment, than followed by the world's new generation. They talk about different United Na anyone here. My purpose is merely to Let us. show the way to build a better tions organizations. I saw his trucks point out that possibly this Nation is world based on principle and we need that his army used. Where the olive- reaching for the small grain of corn and not buy friends nor enter greasy alli , drab and green had faded out or worn overlooking the full ear. We are not so ances. Have we forgotten that ours is away you could see the-letters "UNRRA" desperate as to cast off principle and the job of building a better world, with showing through.· That is where he got reach for small things. freedom from fear and want, and justice part of his military equipment. And, as The people of this country down for all? to the UNICEF program, the children's through our history have said, we would You may say, "Well, this bill is not aid program, we went out to a school rather have freedom. This is worth humanitarian." Of course, it is not hu where we saw them give this milk to the sacrifice and dangers willingly encoun manitarian because, if it were, we would children. Before they got it they had to tered, and alone if necessary. . It is an already have fed millions of starving stand there and sing a little song. I do old saying that if Patrick Henry had said, people in India as Nehru came over here not· understand the language and could "Give me security or give me death" we and pleaded with you to do. It is not not interpret it, but the interpreter said would not have had any free America. relief, because according to the Senate that the meaning of what they sang was: Liberty requires bold action. report most of the produce in this year "Thanks to our great leader Tito for this Reduce this proposed course to a of 1950 in Yugoslavia is not below 60 milk we get. today." simple play for security, but your secu percent of normal. As you know, the He did not give any credit to the rity will be small indeed. Most of the average daily calorie supply in Yugo UNICEF program, to the United Nations, people of this world are not directly in slavia is about 2,300, whereas shortly or to anybody else. volved in this argument, in this great before it had been 2,800, really less than The point I am trying to make is that imperialistic dispute that now seems to a 25-percent decrease in the standard of if"we follow this bill we are undertaking be waging. We must convince · those living. to fasten his brand of Communist dic billions of people upon the basis of rea What else is it? Is it a relief program? tatorship upon a people which has a son and fair conduct. You must appeal Of course it is not, because there has tradition of fighting for freedom. You to them on their hearts and their con- been worse distress in many other places, do not need to take my word for it. Go . sciences, and they will join you. They including slum areas in the United over to the Library of Congress and look will know in their hearts they can trust States,'and again you have done nothing. at the history of World War I and find you and propaganda will utterly fail if Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. Mr. out who fought the Germans down in your words are tied to action~ that are Chairman, will the gentleman yield? those mountains; go back and find who based on enduring principle. Mr. FULTON. I yield to the gentle fought against the Turks. They will be The trouble with American foreign man from Minnesota. fighting against communism now just policy today is that we are trying to Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. Is this the same as they fought against oppres .shore up old regimes, we are trying to money or food going to be given to Tito sion in the past, because this people have maintain the status quo wherever it is to sell to the people over there, or is it a tradition of freedom and they have a regardless of principle. This proposed going to be distributed? tradition of loving to run their own busi legislation even goes to the extent of Mr. FULTON. It is not being given ness. Tito did not break with the Krem trying here to shore up an inefficient to the people of Yugoslavia when they lin because he wanted to; he broke with and failing dictatorship, let alone an are able to pay for it. It is a grant to them because he knew the temper of the efficient one. Where must the right Tito's government, however, so that people. He knew what would happen if thinking people of this world turn in government will not have to repay the he tried to subject those people to the this critical hour of revolution and mis United States. Tito will put the supplies . orders and to the wishes of the Kremlin. understanding and blooc"lshed? Not to into his economi'c system and sell them Oh, yes; if Russia tries to invade Yugo opportunism, expediency, imperialism, as much as he can through the ration slavia and take over if Tito fails, they power politics, and cloak and dagger system. This is a concession to the Tito might find they had more trouble on diplomacy. government whose finances will be their hands than they have now with If you had two tigers out in your back greatly improved by such a gift. You Tito. .Yard and there was one big one that would, therefore, by this bill, be assist I think we' stand at a dangerous place . growled at you every morning, and you ing in keeping in power an inefficient when we give aid. They are using the said, "I am going to be smart about this. · dictatorship, by giving a grant-in-aid drought as an appeal to support this : I will take oatmeal out every morning where Britain has just made a loan of loan. I heard what Mr. Haggerty said · and feed it to the little one. He will £3,000,000 under similar circumstances. before the Foreign Affairs Committee. ·show the big one." So one morning you Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. The _I will not atte!llpt to give his exact fig- go out and you find you have two big , result _will be that the hungry people 1950 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 16485 who do not have the money will not get of Europe, even though y.ou will not join ..one, is on th€ ground :of preventing Rus the food? . · in the Atlantic Treaty for the defense of sian communism moving over .and occu Mr. FULTON. That is about right, as the Atlantic Basin, even though you will pying the vacuum created if the presen t there is no doubt the Army will come not join .in a western union to defend l:"egime in Yugos!avia goes down and their first. Western Europe, and even if you will economic system collapses. Therefore., Mr. MANSFIELD: Mr. Chairman, not ~oin in the United Nations e1fort to the issue here., .as has been stated and will the gentleman yield? protect our own soldiers in Korea, never- -restated a number of times., .is whether or Mr. FULTON. I yield to the gentle- theless, with no strings at all, we will not we can here, with tb:is assistance -so man from Montana. throw this bread on tbe waters and just desperately needed over there, move in Mr. MANSFIELD. As I understand hope that some good comes of it." and help those people to sustain them the question asked by the gentleman I say oo you that there are :only 3 selves and maintain their eeononzy from Minnesota, and I wish the chair- percent ot the people in Yug()slavia that through this erisis., and in that way pre man of the Committee on Ji'oreign Af- favor the Tito dictatorsrup. The rest vent the Government that exist~ there fairs would .correct me if I mn wrong, are non-Oommunists. There are less now from collapsing, becaus-e in ica:se it where the people cannot .afford to pay~ people in Yugoslavia that are for Tit@ does ooHapBe then l: think it is .generally this food will be given free, is that cor- than are Communists in many States of agreed by those who are familiar with rect? this country. If you pass this bill, you the situ.ation over there, who ·ha:ve made Mr. RICHARDS. That is correct. are shorihg up this Government and a study of it. that it me.ans Russian oom Mr. ALLEN of Illinois. Does the bill holding 9'l per.cent of the free people of munism will move in aml take over. 'Say that? Yugoslavia down in the throes of ()ne of Which do yoa prefer-world oo.mmunism Mr. FULTON. The bill does not say the wo.rst .and most inefficient dictator- . sponsored by Stalin or Yugoslav eom.mu anything about the percentage ~ither ships that ever existed in Western .nism .sp001S0.red by Tito, wruch does not being given free or being sold by the EuropeA We must meet this issue square seek world domination? Tito government. That is not stated in ly-:shaJl we of the free world waiver and, It has been argued here thait prob.ably this bill nor is it proposed to be desig- in waivering, eompromise under the they do :not have much drought over nated in the legislation. That is Tito•s pressure of expediency, the principles there, only a 59-percent short.age in the decision. that hold us togeth'er-and under which mrn crop and a few other shortages, and The CHAmMAN. The time of the we move forward:? .My answer is a ieom .it .is not bad, after au, and that this .is -a .gentleman from Pennsylvania has ex- plete and direct "N<>:'~ phonv exeusefor getting money. I .might pired. ·The CHAIRMAN, The time of point nut in that connection that the Mr. VORYS. I yield tb.e gentleman the g.entleman fxom Pennsylvania has Ambassador at Belgrade, Mr. George Al two additional minutes. expired. len., tlilil ns not long ago that he pa«l $2 Mr. .FULTON. On the humanitR'rUm Mr. RICHARDS. Mr. Chairman, I .a pound for potat.oes om the ,open .market side and humanitai;ian principles~ let ,yield myself 1 minute. in Belgrade.. Red onions, wfilch a ·year Tito tell us where the Greek children Mr. Chairman, the gentleman from ago sold fo.r 10 cents. are .now selling for that have been kidnaped, are spendlllg P€nnsy1vania [Mr. Fuu'ON] made the $3 a pound in Belgrade.. Bread is selling their coming C.br.istmasA. Wb€re will the statement that there was nothing in the fo:r 20 cents a slice in BelgradeA A porl{ 7001mprisoned priests and church lead- record to show that any -0f thit:i relief chop will cost you $2,.,80 m B€]gr.ade,-and ers spepd their Christmas? Let .him would g-0 to people who were unable to so on and an arid om. Let .nobody be oon come up with that befQ.re we give him buy it. The gentleman fr-0m Montana :fused or misled by the suggestion here . the money. · refuted that and I corroborated him in that there is not a real threatened fam: The next question about this 11rogram what he said. Here is what the As in-e in Yugoslavia, Dr cert-ain!y in some... is the question of direct alliances~ There · · sist4ant Secretary -of State said about ]la11Js of it. Thm-e is no questfon about is no intention by this legislation tomake it: that condition beimg .a r.eal one and a dire.et alliance with Tito. In addition Foodstuffs supplied under the aid program .serious threat to the eoonomy of that to that,· there is no intention that Yugo- -are to be 'distributed within normal chan muntry. siavia will come under the Atlantic nels. F-0od wm be delivered by each repuib Mr. RIC.HARDS. .Mr. Chair.man,, will. Treaty as a treaty nation, because Tit.o lie to regular consumer outlets wtt£re it w.ill the gentleman yield? has said he would not. And ithe irony be 'Sold fen fixed dinar prices. Persons within Mr. FISHER. I yi-eld oo the gentl~ <>fit is that Yug<>slavia has already been the rationing system will reqUire ration cards :man from South Carolina. given aid under the United States mu- as well as d.inar.s; .others {chiefly in rural Kr. .RICHARDS. Did un areas) will Iequire on1y d.inar.s, and not ra I eorreetly tual defense assistance program to tide tion cards. Needy persons lacking -sufficient derstand the gentleman •to say that he, · over temporarily. -dinars wm receive food free of charge. himself, visited Yugoslavia recently? T.here is no doubt that Tito will not Mr. FISHER With two other Mem go into the so-called western union That was the testimony and that was bers Df the House, I visited Yugoslavia or union of the nations for the joint one of the requirements of this program. about 2 months ago. The country is defense of Western Europe, nur will he The CHAIRMAN. Tbe time Df the parched. It is the worst drought they defend them. The written statement nn gentleman from South Carolina has ex have had this century. Their crops in foreign policy circulated to Congress by .Pired. many areas are complete .failures. Theil" the Yugoslavian Ambassador several Mr. RICHARDS. Mr. Chairman, I over-all total food production th!i.s y~ weeks ago proves that even to this dat e. yield 10 minutes ta the gentleman from as compared with last year is 50 per.cent. In addition to that Tito will not jo.in Texas LMr. FlSHER]. Those are mets. with the Marshall plan countries to help • Mr. FISHER. Mr. Chairman., I shall Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. Chairman, will rebuild Europe, so that he will not ac- vote for the pending bill, and in doing -so the gentleman yield? cept the Marshall :plan in conjunction I join with others in explaining that :I .Mr. FISHER. I yield to the gentle with the other democracies. .ho1d no brief for Tiro~ I have heard it man from Montana. In 'Short what you are doing is this: repeated here many times, including a Mr. MANSF.IELDA "The gentleman The State Department and our Govern- statement made by the gentleman who v.isit.ted Y11gos]a via latelY m a>mpany ment have Btated. as basic Policy that in just preceded m.e, that Tito has one of wttih our .emlleague.s the gentlem.am from this question and hour of crisis in Europe the worst dictatorship set-ups of any .in Alabama LMi. Bun.E] .and the gentle there can be no neutrality. We said to Western Europe. That may ibe true -ac man from North Carolina [Mq-. CHA.T France, and Sweden. and others: "No cording to our standards. I think I know e:.ua. Can we 'R'SSume that what the neutrality." "You must stand with the .one 1)ther that is a little worse, and I gent eman. from Texas .and the gentie West.n We said the same to Italy. Then think it .is over .in Moscow. H we are ma;n from .Maham.a f.MrA B.ATI.LEJ have the Umted States Government comes going to decide which of the two is the said-I understand the gentleman from along and in Yugosiavia's ease we :finance worst and w.hich one we are ~ing to taike North Carolina [Mr. CHATHAMJ is not a new neutrality for Tito, sayiog., "even sides with here today., oou.nt me 'On the here k>d.ay because of illness-in brief though you spurn Marshall aid an.d re- side nf Tit.oA I :repeat agam, I .h.-old o comprises the feelings of your group :as fuse to join with other countries to .h€lp brief fo.r rum, but .I do k:oow that the a resttlt of WDm' vi'sit to this part of the rebuild your own and other countries issue here tnday., ii th.is biil is a justiiied wor!ld? 16486 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE DECEMBER 12 Mr. FISHER. Yes; that is true. Not said here that he has never been in Russia, of course. No wonder Stalin is only did we go there and look for our Moscow. He spent 8 years there. He so anxiom for Tito to fall and enable him selves, but, in company with Mr. Hag was the No. 1 fair-haired boy of the to extend his domination to the Adriatic gerty, who was a witness before the Kremlin for a long time. There is no and the Mediterranean. Committee on Foreign Affairs, we spent question about that. Then the break Mr. VORYS. Mr. Chairman, I yield a day in the country visiting some of the came in 1948, on June 29, to be -exact. 5 minutes to.the gentlewoman from New farms and looking with our own eyes That was after he had refused to go York [Mrs. ST. GEORGE]. upon the conditions that exist there. Of along with the imperialist policies of Mrs. ST. GEORGE. Mr. Chairman, I course, we talked with our Ambassador Russian communism. He insisted upon have not visited Yugoslavia-not for an and with all our attaches. I think we Yugoslavia · having some rights of their hour nor for 3 days-but I am inter.ested got a fairly good picture of the situation own and being permitted to assert those in this legislation because it seems to me ... · as far as the food shortage is concerned . rights and to have some independence in if it pJ.sses in its present form and I very Mr. VORYS. Mr. Chairman, will the the operation of their government and much fear it will, it will be another gentleman yield? · economy. Up to that time the Kremlin .triumph of hope over experience. I cari Mr. FISHER. I yield to the gentle had been very insistent upon bleeding see nothing very new in this formula. It man from Ohio. their economies as they do every other is one which has been indulged in by our Mr. VORYS. How long did the gen one of their satellites with about 75 per people a great many years now-10 or 12, tleman spend in Yugoslavia? cent of many of the products· and com to be exact. It is that strange theory Mr. FISHER. We were in Yugoslavia modities produced. But Yugoslavia de that you can buy friends and that if 2 or 3 days. I do not pose as an expert cided that that was not a good idea. She somebody is not doing just what you on Yugoslavia, but I did see a lot, and was suffering internally as a .result and want them to do; if you give them enough I think I know a drought when I see one. Tito suggested that that be discontinued. dollars, they will come down and worship Mr. FULTON. Mr. Chairman, will the The result was a break which has lasted you. Truly, the experience of these gentleman yield? ever since. At the moment that hap .yeai·s proves that has not been true. Mr. FISHER. I yield to the gentle pened and continuously until this day the ·Where are our friends today, I ask you. man from Pennsylvania. Kremlin has been booming broadcast Wh:...t have these billions and billions of Mr. FULTON. My good friend the after broadcast around the clock into dollars bought for us? It has been well gentleman from South Carolina [Mr. Yugoslavia calling upon the peasants and said on the :floor of this House recently · RICHARDS] and I had a misunderstand the people there to rise up and throw that in 1945 Communist Russia only ing as to my intent on the distribution off this yoke of communism of the type dominated about 400,000,000 people. of food. sponsored by Tito. They say he is a Today she dominates 800,000,000 people Mr. FISHER. I cannot yield for that, butcher-:a butcher, to use their very and they are no friends of ours. What because I have a limited amount of time. words. He is a man who is friendly to has happened in China, where again we Perhaps the gentleman can get some time ward the west, this warmongering, · have tried to appease; where we have and answer the gentleman from South Wall Street dominated west; and every invited the Communist Chinese to come Carolina in his own time. conceivable term that could be found in and insult us at Lake Success, becat:-:;e Mr. FULTON. Then may I ask the the dictionary, or could be devised, was that is all they have done. gentleman, when the gentleman saw Tito used to undermine the confidence of the They are living now in the Waldorf did Tito express any sympathy for the people in the Tito regime and thereby en Astoria in New York in great luxury and position of our forces in Korea or offer able the Kremlin to retake that country at our expense. When they arrived -to help them? which is so vital to them in a war against here I am told they were· received with . Mr. FISHER. Not only when we the west. But the vicious propaganda 32 boxes of ftowers. Yes, we have done talked with Marshal Tito but in repeated war and the Kremlin has only served to all that, and it is a wonder to me that. press reports out of Belgrade he con drive the Yugoslavs closer to Tito. during the last war we did not invite demned the invasion of South Korea. Why do they want Tito out of power? Ribbentrop and Goering over here while He said it was an unjustified thing. He Because Tito is a thorn in the side of one their people were slaughtering our men has repeatedly made expressions along man named Josef Stalin. He is the only abroad. It is a strange philosophy. that line. I think that although we have man who has had the nerve and the Why can we not have a few conditions to take a lot of what he said with a grain temerity to rise up and throw off the to the giving of this $38,000,000? What of salt-I understand that-I think we Russian yoke. is the objection? Can we not ask Mar would do well also to indulge the hope Now, Mr. Chairman, I recognize that shal Tito if he will not send back those that there may be some sympathy from the proposed aid to Yugoslavia is a cal 11,000 Greek children? Something has him with respect to the viewpoint of culated risk. The money spent may be been made about a few of them having the west at the present time. wasted. But on the other hand it may gone back, so few that it is almost a joke Mr. ALLEN of Illinois. Mr. Chairman, not b.e. It is a risk that I think is worth and an insult. · will the gentleman yield. taking. We do know that Tito has 32 A g-reat deal has been said about the Mr. FISHER. I yield. divisions in being. We know that it ·32 ·divisions. If we need them as badly Mr. ALLEN of. Illinois. Marshal Tito costs around a half billion dollars to re as we have been told by the experts on did not·corrie out against the North K.ore cruit, equip, maintain, and support a the ftoor of this House today, why not an invasion until Red China got into it; division for 1 year in America Just incorporate that in an amendment to is that not true? the cost of equipping one armored divi this legislation, that in case Soviet Rus Mr. FISHER. The gentleman is prob sion costs over $200,000,000. To recruit, sia begins to roll, those 32 divisions will ably more of an expert on that than I support, equip, and maintain 32 divisions • be on our side as long as we heed friends, am. I do know that his expressions to in the United States would cost around and we do need friends so badly. But which I referred happened long before $16,000,000,000 each year. So, if events no. We are not doing that in this bill. Red China got into it. should take a turn that would see the We are just going along on that same old Mr. ALLEN of Illinois. I say that he Yugoslav::; on our-side if Russia marches, routine of giving away something for did not express himself about the. situa you can readily see the value in dollars nothing. Did you ever find that you tion until Red China got into it. Before and cents alone in having that army made a great friend of someone who that time he did not express himself at either neutral or on the side of the free borrowed money' from you, or, better all about it. people of the West. . still, to whom you gave money? I do Mr. FISHER. Yugoslavia's condem I call attention, further, to the fact, not think·so. That is equally true of the nation of Russia's aggression-through that since the Stalin-Tito break, we are nations. her stooges-occurred long before Red importing many scarce strategic min I think these same people, including China entered the war. The press will erals from Yugoslavia. In 1949 we pur Marshal Tito would respect us far more bear that out. chased 66 percent of the Yugoslav cop if we said, "Yes, we will give you the Mr. Chairman, let us examine the per export, 54 percent of its lead export, help you ask for, but we will give it only situation briefty. It is true, as we all 35 percent of its quicksilver, and 30 per under certain conditions. We will give it know, that Tito was formerly one of the cent of the antimony. But if Tito's if you will release the religious who are !air-haired boys of the Kremlin. It was regime goes down, who gets all that? now· in your prisons. We will give it if 1950 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 16487 you will restore religious freedom in your roads, and railroads in northern Yugo days of the Italian campaign. But to country. We will give it if you will allow slavia that lead to the easily accessible day, a well-calculated miiltary drive of our citizens, our newspaper men to travel capital cities of Belgrade and Zagreb and overwhelming numbers concentrated on freely through your country as they do get there in a matter of hours. Backed one country could well be more than in the other civilized countries of. the by Russian military forces, they could partially successful and give Russia a west. Yes, we will give it if you will announce to the world that they are more complete control than Hitler ever promise us that your armies, in time of there to restore order. Perhaps there had. war, will not be on the other side, against would have beeri scme disturbance, or Mr. McDONOUGH: Mr. Chairman, us." riot, or what you will, staged in advance. will the gentlemen yield? Then I would be in favor of this legis But regardless of whether or not there Mr. BLATNIK. I yield. lation, but as it is written here today I is any disorder or not the satellite forces Mr. McDONOUGH. I just heard the cannot be for it. could move in quickly in superior num gentleman say in previous statements We also seem to have developed a new bers and Russia would be firmly en that different Members were assuming and interesting theory here today. That trenched in Yugoslavia before any of Yu situations; then I heard the gentleman is, that there are 2 or 3 brands of com goslavia's allies could move in to help if continue in his own argument to assume munism, and that we here in this coun they were so inclined or were able to get a situation that might exist if Russia try are going to uphold one brand there in time. That is what is far more should invade Yugoslavia. Now, piling against another. My friends, to para probable and likely to happen-the con one assumption on top of another does phrase Shakespeare, I think that com trol by Russia of one of the most, if not not help us in arriving at the facts and munism by any other name will smell :::.s the most strategically, important land a decision. foul. areas in Europe. This land has been the Mr. BLATNIK. I kr!ow from personal The CHAIRMAN. The time of the great natural land bridge between the experience what the military facts are gentlewoman from New York [Mrs. ST. Near East and the west for centuries. in this instance and what is probable. GEORGE] has expired. Hitler had to control this land bridge to Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. Chairman, Mr. RICHARDS. Mr; Chairman, I make the other prong of bis two-pronged will the gentleman yield? yield · 10 minutes to the gentleman from drive into Africa, which, if successful, Mr. BLATNIK. I yield. Minnesota [Mr. BLATNIK]. would have given him control of the Mr. MANSFIELD. I wish to empha- . Mr. BLATNIK. Mr. Chairman, in the Mediterranean, the Suez Canal, which size for the consideration of the House few minutes allowed me I cannot ade could have made ultimate victory his. the fact that when it comes to assuming, quately cover more than a few of the Today Russia. must have control of that the gentleman now addressing us has a several points I would like. to discuss on land bridge to give her access to the great deal more to base his assumptions the subject before us today. Mediterranean, and consequently place on than any other Member here. If I I am not an expert on Yug-0slavia, but her in a position to dominate the Near remember correctly, the gentleman is not I have -had some personal experience East. So I hold that it is in the national only of Yugoslav descent, but he also over a period of several years that has interest and security of our own country spent some months in Yugoslavia during given me a fair bit of information about and our way of life that this emergency the war as .a paratrooper with the OSS; a good part of Yugoslavia. relief assistance be granted by Congress. and I recall that just last year.he was the I was over there for the whole summer, Mr. FULTON. Mr. Chairman, will the chairman of a distinguished committee 4 months, 28 years ago, as a child. I gentleman yield? which visited Yugoslavia. I think he, wrnt back again ·in 1944 as a member Mr. BLATNIK. I yield. above all others, is the most capable of the American Special Military Mis Mr. FULTON. Does the gentleman re am-0ng our Members to assume what is· sion in liaison with the partisan guer call the history that in World War II happening over there and to tell us what rillas. I spent 7% months of that time when the Nazis were going into the coun-· he thinks. in northern Yugoslavia behind enemy try the Yugoslavs overthrew their gov Mr. BLATNIK. I thank my good lines. I went again last year with a se ernment, rushed to the hills and resisted friend from Montana. While I agree lect committee from the Committee on to the end? That is completely opposite with the strategic importance of this Expenditures in the Executive Depart to what the gentleman says would hap emergtmcy-relief aid, I also hope there ment. I am not going to try to repeat, pen, especially when viewed in the light will be a few who will share my feeling summarize, or reevaluate the whole ar of Yugoslav history. that there is a humanitarian need for gument of the need for this relief for Mr. BLATNIK. I believe that all helping feed the people of Yugoslavia Yugosl_avia because of the drought situa Yugoslavs, regardless whether they are during this critical winter. There js tion and all of the other implications in pro-Tito or anti-Tito, whether Ortho among those people such widespread this issue. I shall merely have time to dox, Moslem, or Christian, they all will friendliness and respect for the United refer to three or four of the points that fight to the bitter end to resist aggres ·states wherein live so many of their kin have been raised on the :fioor by the sion. I know of the courage that makes folk who have given them so much help opposition and spend the few minutes them battle with their bare hands. in the past and as they do so today. I have on those. Mr. FULTON. That is contrary to The tragedy of the wholesale killing No. 1. The argument has been raised, what the gentleman just said. of those people during World War II is by the -0pposition, that if Tito fell there Mr. BLATNIK. What I am getting beyond human comprehension. Over 10 was a chance the country would fall into to, if the gentleman will allow me to fin percent of the entire population were more democratic hands. Though this ish, is that overwhelming numbers of killed; hundreds of thousands of others may be desirable, it is highly unlikely. well-trained, well-equipped troops from wounded, maimed, tortured. If 10 per Just the contrary would most likely oc the neighboring satellite countries, most cent of the population in America were cur and this is the consensus of opinion likely backed by Russian military forces killed that would be 15,000,000 people, of many who personally know the Yugo could strike decisivelY and get en men, women, and children. Yet, in spite slav situation from first-hand experi trenched deep inside Yugoslavia. Look of such unbelievable horror, when it ence, including our own American em what happened in Korea late last June. meant death to give assistance to Ameri bassy representatives in Belgraae. In There is no question but that the Yugo can airmen or to American military per fact, I f ~l that such ~ premise is based slav people would fight to the bitter end, sonnel operating behind enemy 'lines, on an assumption as far removed from from · the mountains if f creed back, as those people gave us food, shelter, infor reality as it can possibly be. they did against Hitler's invading mation whenever they could. Boys 10 Let us assume that in some manner or armies; · but Hitler at that time was years old were used as couriers to slip another Tito is deposed or removed as heavily committed in Africa, in Western through enemy lines at night, when they head of the present regime. What I feel Europe, deep in Russia, in much of the knew they would be tortured and shot is very likely to happen almost· immedi Balkans, and although even at that he upon capture. The old women were the ately is that overwhelming numbers of was forced for a while to have as many great heroes of the war. Having. seen well trained and equipped military forces and perhaps more of his own troops and tragedy in World War I and now in World from the neighboi'ing satellite countries Axis troops in Yugoslavia than con War II, many having lost their husbands' of Rumania, Bulgaria, and Hungary fronted the combined British Eighth in the first, and some, or most, and many, wo_uld move quickly over_the plains, good and American Fifth Armies in the early cases all of their families in this wa1· .] 16488 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE DECEMBER 12 . these women gave us and the fighting are not being carried out, the whole pro can boys, :fliers, that were shot down Partisans food, concealment, informa gram can be stopped immediately. over Yugoslavia by this very Tito gov tion about the enemy, at the risk of tor However, to attach a series of condi ernment that you now say we should ture arid death, or at the best being put tiorn~ to the bill beyond the purposes of help? in a concentration camp and having the act would be a serious error. The CHAIRMAN. The time of the their homes burned. Mr. FULTON. Mr. Chairman, will gentleman from Minnesota has expired. In the little area in which we operated the gentleman yield? Mr. RICHARDS. Mr. Chairman, I for almost 8 ·months in northern Mr. BLATNIK. I yield to the gentle yield such time as he may desire to the Yugoslavia these helped rescue 350 man from Pennsylvania. gentleman from Illinois [Mr. GORDON]. American airmen that had to bail out . Mr. FULTON. Does the gentleman Mr. GORDON. Mr. Chairman, I rise of bombers damaged during air raids feel that conditions releasing all the peo in favor of passage of H. R. 9853, the pri farther north in Budapest and in Vi ple in jail, because of their religious be mary objective of which is to promote enna. We would then evacuate these liefs, or sending back Greek children the foreign policy and provide for the men by Allied aircraft landing on secret would degrade you. defense-and I emphasize "defense" landing strips at night. The landing Mr. BLATNIK. The gentleman and general welfare of the United States. strips were merely open spaces of ground, misses my point. I yield to no one in This bill proposes that we do this by usually a meadow. or cornfield. my earnest desire to see the Greek chil furnishing emergency relief assistance· to There were other military advantages. dren sent back, or to have innocent peo · Yugoslavia. Thus there is really only We learned of enemy divisions moving ple released from the jails. But I do say, · one issue involved here, and that is into Italy from the eastern front days that to write those conditions in this whether or not the bill is designed 'to and weeks befor~ they showed up on the relief-aid measure would preclude accomplish that objective. . Italian battle line. I have already men reaching those just and humanitarian The foreign policy of the United States tioned the large number of Nazi and Axis and democratic objectives, rather than has always been directed toward the en troops forced to fight in Yugoslavia be expedite them. Our State Department couragement of independent nations to cause of the devastating guerrilla war and our American Embassy officiais in remain independent, regardless of their fare carried on by the Partisans. Belgrade have been working day and form of government. This is one of the There are thousands upon thousands night and are now working to make that key points of difference between us and of American boys who are alive in possible; some progress is being made, Moscow. The foreign policy of Moscow • America today, because of the fierce and hope .for more progress in the future is directed ruthlessly toward undermin resistance put up hy the Yugoslavs. is more encouraging than ever. The ing independent countries and forcing It was in those early critical years of committee report and hearings are com them within the iron curtain. The World War II where such resistance was plete on this and I do not have time to go menace of Soviet communistic imperial so invaluable and contributed so much into detail. The Greek children are now ism is the greatest, most critical, and to ultimate victory. Gen. George Mar in the process of being returned. The most imminent which our Nation and all shall referted to those dark days of State Department says that of all the other independent nations have ever the war in his report of August of 1945, countries of Eastern Europe in which faced. The foreign policy of the United when he wrote, "There are few who ·t:here are Greek children, Yugoslavia is States has been realistic in this respect realize how slim was the thread by which the only one that has done anything and recognizes the danger. Any gam hung Allied survival." about returning them. A Swedish Red ble which this country may take to re The CHAIRMAN. The time of the Cross mission is even now en route to duce that danger, no matter what the gentleman from Minnesota has expired. Yugoslavia to supervise and expedite this degree of reduction, is worth taking, in Mr. RICHARDS. · Mr. Chairman, I repa tria ti on. my opinion. The bill before us today in yield th~ gentleman two additional Progress is being made, the State De volves just such a gamble. The cost is minutes and I should like to ask him a partment further informs.us, in the mat small and the stakes are high. Those question. I agree with the gentleman ter of religious liberties, and I do hope · who oppose taking the gamble consider from Montana that the. Member now tUs will be broadened and continued. only one side of the question. They ask:. addressing the House is probably better But the political aspects of the over-all "What assurances do we have if we pass qualified to speak on Yugoslavia than problems should continue to be in the this bill?" Those who favor the bill any other man here. hands of our Ambassador, -and I have realize that it would be nice if we could I want to ask the gentleman what does been very impressed by the ability and have assurances. But, Mr. Chairman, if he think of the proposal in this bill to the caliber of former Ambassador Cav the foreign policy of the United States provide $30,000,000 for Yugoslavia relief? endish Cannon and his staff, who have were made only on the basis of assur Mr. BLATNIK. I firmly believe that done a singularly brilliant and most ances, we would have no foreign policy it is unquestionably to our own national difficult job, and the same outstanding at all, but only a policy of defeatism and interest and our own security to secure job is now being done under Ambassador hopelessness. So far as I am concerned, passage of this bill providing this relief Allen. I look forward to no assurances if we aid. I do believe that approval of this aid pass this bill. But, what about the other · I have always supported economic aid measure is without question in our best side of the question? An essential step for the needy of war-torn countries, in interests, will substantially bolster oppo in considering the wisdom of any policy cluding even the needy of countries that sition to aggression in a most strategic is to look at the alternatives. · What are were our enemies in World War II. I area, and will have a strong psycho the probable consequences to the foreign feel that on this very eve of the Holy logical impact on the peoples of eastern policy of the United States, to the de Season we can extend a helping hand to European countries in encouraging their fense of the United States, and to the the needy of Yugoslavia. We can make will for independence and national sov general welfare of the United States if our intentions clear and say, "Look, we ereignty. Although there are many we do not pass this bill? The evidence do not approve of your administration more assurances and commitments from on this point seems clear to those who or your leadership or the politics or the · Yugoslavia that I, too, would wish to favor .the bili and to our highest military form of your government; but the peo · have, as so many of you have today ex authoriti.es, like General Marshall and ple of Yugoslavia have our respect and pressed, I do feel that with the bill we General Bradley. It seems clear to me. admiration for what they have done dur have before us, or even the Senate ver Yugosla·via under Tito is the first ing the war and for their independence sion, that we have very little, if anything, country formerly within the satellite do and their determination to maintain · to lose and so much to gain in these crit main which has been able to break awr.y their ·sovereignty and resist aggression ical days which confront us. from the clutches of the Kremlin. Tito to the last." Mr. FULTON. Mr. Chairman, if the stands defiantly opposed to Kremlin What we do give is largely surplus gentleman will yield further; the gentle domination and he is determined to sto•ks of food we now have in abundance. man was giving the hist9ry of people be maintain that defiance. I venture to The distribution of the food will be open ing shot down in World War II and the say that when the hiStory of the col to supervision and inspection by Amer pa,rt that Tito and the Yugoslav Gov lapse of the Soviet Union is written Tito's ican representatives at all times, and at. ernment had in that: Why did he not break with Stalin will ' constitute one of any time that the purposes of this act go further and mention the five Ameri- · the major contributing factors in that 1950 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 16489.. . collapse-with one qualification. And gambles in blood of American boys. We On the basis of that minute difference that qualification is that we provide re have not played a gamble yet that we . they say we should give Tito this aid. lief assistance to the hungry people of have not lost. Now along comes the They say Tito has fallen out with Russia. Yugoslavia and do it quickly and effec leadership and they say we have to take . I wonder if 'Tito has fallen out with tively. Unless we do this, the ability of another gamble, we have to gamble on Russia. Let me tell you this much. the Yugoslavs to continue the resistance Tito. Stalin, cold, calculating killer that he is, to Moscow's military and economic pres I . say that the time has come when if he thought today or felt one iota afraid sures will be seriously impaired, Tito we should not gamble with America's ·that he might be betrayed by Tito or the will be overthrown, and Yugoslavia, with future and America's security any more. . people under him, would not wait until the largest standing army in non-Soviet I want something better than a gamble. tomorrow to take Yugoslavia over. He Europe, will be forced to submit and No one in this body has yet sold me on . would not have an enemy at his gates. fall back behind the iron curtain. the idea that this is anything but a But Stalin today is occupied with feeding That is the most significant alterna calculated gamble with the cards stacked . 400,000,000 Chinese. Stalin today is oc tive that we face, and that must be the against us. . cup ied with feeding the people who are center point for all discussion on the We are told we should do this because massacring our boys in Korea. Stalin wisdom of this bill. It is in our na we finally realize something, we finally is short of food and short of drugs, so he tional interest and in the interest of realize what we have come to realize very has to cut down on somebody. So he our defense plans that this tragedy bitterly in China. You remember when goes over to his best buddy of all the should not take place. I can only think Lattimore and Jessup and Service sold satellites, Tito, and he says, "I'll tell you of the. millions of people in the other the American leadership the idea that what to do, Tito. I need the food and I Soviet-dominated satellite states of Eu the Chinese Communists were not Com- need the goods for China. I need it for rope: Albania, Hungary, Rumania, Bul munists, that there were two kinds of Korea. I need it to murder Americans. garia, and Poland, with her rich tradition communism,- namely, Stalin's commu- You go get yours from Uncle Sam. He of freedom and independence. What is nism and Mao's communism, that they · is a big enough sap to fall for it." . our answer to these people, who despise were merely North Dakota nonpartisans, That is exactly what w·e are doing. communism perhaps even more than do that they were agrarians or land re- We have already given him $400,000,000 we; when we turn our backs on the only formers, they were not real Communists. since the war ended. Now, if $400,000, country which has managed to break We were not going to have any trouble 000 does not secure him as our friend, away from Soviet slavery? What hope · with the Chinese Communists we were · are you so naive as to believe that an do we hold out to these people, when told, because they were different from other $37,000,000 is going to do it? It we turn our backs on the only symbol . Russian Communists. I wonder if the certainly is not. of rebellion against Moscow to which 20,000 or 30,000 American dead in Korea , Let us take a look at this man Tito. they can look? feel that Mao's Chinese Communists are · There is some divergence of opinion as Mr.·chairman, ther·e are many admin different from the Russian Commuriists. to where he came from. I do know this. istrative details involved in this bill. Let Of course, that argument wore thin so You have a whole slew of them in Europe. us not become entangled in them, but they thought up another one even thin- · You have Georgi Dimitrov, the dictator let us rather concentrate on the only ner than that. They say now there is a of Bulgaria; Clement Gottwald, head issue which we as Americans must con ·difference between Tito's communism of Czechoslovakia; Boleslaw Beirut, die .sider in these perilous days: the national . and Stalin's communism. They inter- tator of Poland; Marshal Josef Broz interest, defense and security of the peo pret Leninism in a different way, we are Tito, dictator of Yugoslavia. You have ple of the United States. told. Stalin interprets Leninism to mean · Thorez, of France; Togliatti and Luigi Mr. VORYS. Mr. Chairman, I yield that communism must conquer the whole L6ngo, of Italy, 10 minutes to the gentleman from Wis world, but Tito does not believe in that. I could go on, if time permitted. Who consin [Mr. O'KoNsKI]. . Tito believes that communism should are all these people? They are Kremlin . Mr. O'KONSKI. Mr. Chairman, if my conqu~r the whole world except Yugo- trained propagandists and murderers for heart were not so heavy, I perhaps would slavia. That is the only difference be- communism throughout the world. The just as soon not talk. However, for the tween the two communisms, the only best scholar and the most successful of record I think I should express my views difference, we are now told-are you them was Josef Broz Tito, to the point on this pending legislation. laughing? You should laugh · on this that when he fought in the Spanish Civil The reason why I say that perhaps I whopper. ·War-and that is where he got his start should not talk at all is because I have What Tito is saying is, "I am a Com- in international communism-together never been in Yugoslavia. I have never munist. I believe in Leninism but, Joe with Togliatti and Thore:z; and Clement seen Tito. But I have never seen God, ·. Stalin, I will do the murdering for you Gottwald and all .these other dictators and I know there is a God. I have never , in Yugoslavia, I will imprison the priests in Europe today, he did such a good job seen the devil, and I have· never been in for you in Yugoslavia, I will collectivize that when he went back to Moscow they hell, but I know there is a devil and I the farms for you in Yugoslavia, I will changed his name from Josef Broz, and ·know there is a hell. We are underwrit . communize Yugoslavia for you, but you gave him a Russian name of Tito, taken ing a one-way ticket to hell when we pass · keep out. I will do the job in Yugoslavia from four Russian words meaning "sec this bill. Because in passing this bill we for you. You take over the rest of the ret international terroristic organiza- ' are going to take up truck with Tito, countries. Don't waste your time in tion." Of all the satellites in Europe and in taking up tru~k with Tito we are Yugoslavia-go elsewhere. I don't need the only satellite dictator that Russia taking up truck with the most brutal, you here." · . could get to march against the United the most daring, the most cold, and the Does Tito object to what is going on in States or any of its allies was Josef Broz most calculating and dictatorial mur Korea today? Not at all. Does Tito ob- Tito, who marched intp Greece, but who derer next to Joe Stalin himself. I am . ject to the Communist rape of Poland, pulled in his horns when he· found out talking now about Josef Broz Tito, com . Latvia, Estonia, Lithuania, Czechoslo- ·that he might get licked. He tried to monly known now under the Communist vakia, Bulgaria, part of Austria-Hun- march into Trieste, but thank God for an' title of Tito. .gary, .and Eastern Germany? Not one American sergeant with guts-it was not This bill is based on five very false iota. The only significant difference you a lieutenant-it was· an American ser- 1 assumptions: Number one, when all the have between Tito and Stalin today is, geant, and, as I say, thank God it was, 1 world is burning at our feet and we are as someone said, they interpret Leninism f paying the heavy penalty of gambling, in a different way. One says Leninism because if it had been a representative o 1 . gambling on our future, we are asked to means that they must conquer the whole the State Department or a general, they I gamble again. We gambled at Yalta, we world, but here we have a great hero that would have bungled the job, but it hap- i · gambled at Potsdam, we gambled in we must help, we have a different kind pened to be a sergeant and he told the Poland, we gambled in Czechoslovakia, of communism under Tito, who says, Tito men, "If you pass this line, you are ; we gambled in Yugoslavia when we "Sure, Stalin, 'you can take over the going to get it." Since that time Tito discarded °Mihailovich for Dictator Tito, whole world and communize it, but you pulled in his horns. l we gambled in Korea, and we gambled don't have to do it in Yugoslavia because Mr. McDONOUGH. Mr. Chairman,J in China. And we are losing these I will do it myself.". . will the gentleman yield? XCVI--1038 16490 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE DECEMBER 12 Would the gentleman give a little more dried eggs and milk, edible dried beans and gram for presentation to the Congress. I am explanation of the interpretati-0n of the peas-at a cost to the taxpayers of $403,290,- glad to inform you that the fust food pro 956.77. The· carrying charges on the storage curements, most of which have already left letters in Tito's name, T-I-T-0? of these food commodities had reached the for Yugoslavia, consisted entirely of some of Mr. O'KONSKI. I forget what the staggering sum of $3,351,028.13, and is con the foodstuffs which you mentioned in your Russian words are, but the interpreta tinuing at an unknown rate. letters. Th~e were 44,096,4-0'9 pounds of tion of-the Russian words is taken from The Department of Agriculture has hoard beans, 9,951,800 J>OUnds of dried eggs, 20,000,- the four words which in Russian mean ed away millions more pound:; of other food 000 pounds of canned Mexican beef. · These secret international terroristic organiza commodities which are doing no one any foodstuffs were purchased as part of the stop tion. He could not have a better name. good, running the risk of spoilage, and cost gap program with funds available from an ing the taxpayers totally indefensible sums Export-.Import Bank loan. Incidentally, of all the satellite dictators of hard-earned dollars. The program currently before the Con in Eur-0pe he is the only one who has a I urge that you order an immediate and gress calls for additional quantities of sur fancy title for the good work that he has full investigation as to how much of these plus agrieultural commoditi"es-15,432,200 done. A great deal has been said here surplus foods can be transferred to any pounds -Of dried miik, 32,089,000 pounds of about the suffering of the Yugoslav peo program you are developing . to aid Yugo dried beans, and 66,138,000 pounds of dried ple. . Yes, they have suffered. A great slavia. I am certain that you will agree peas. Besides this, active steps are being deal of credit has been given him more with me that the overburdened taxpayers taken to develop a welfare-type feeding pro •, are entitled to this much consideration in gram through CARE and church organiza or less by inuendo. But let me tell you connecti<;m with any recommendation you tions, which will make use of other surplus that Yugoslavia is a country by itself to submit to Congress when it reconve~es. foodstuffs of the Department of Agriculture. day, not under Russia's domination, not Sincerely yours, The basic di"et of the Yugoslav people is because of Tito but in spite of Tito. Do JOHN W. liESELTON. based on bread grains and lard, so it is im not forget that Yugoslavians were being practical to use the Department of Agricul slaughtered at a time when you had the ture surplus foodstuffs beyond the extent WAsmNGTON, D. C., November 27, 1950. already planned. Hitler-Stalin pact in existence. When Hon. DEAN ACHESON, 1 For your information, complete details of Hitler was marching through Yugo- Secretary of State, State Department, the proposed Yugoslav aid program are being slavia, where was Tito? Was Tito in the WasMngton~ D. c. supplied to the House Foreign Affairs and mountains and in the hills fighting with DEAR Ma. SECRETARY: On November 18 I Appropriations Committees. wrote to you with reference to the request If there is any further information con- . General Mikhailovitch and the Serbian by Yugoslavia for $105,000,000 worth of food cerning this program which ',Y"OU desire, please patriots? He was not. He was in ca to relieve drought conditions there and urged hoots with the Hitler-Stalin pact, burn do not hesitate to call upon us. an immediate and full investigation of the Sincerely yours, ing down cities and villages and mur possibility of using some of the hundreds of JACK K. McFALL, dering his own people. That is where millions of Governed-owned surplus food Assistant Secretary . Tito was until the war was over. That commodities for that purpose. (For the Secretary of State). man who betrayed his own people be I have received no acknowledgment of or came the leader of the Yugoslavian Gov reply to that letter. Mr. Chairman, I now want to include ernnient and that is where he is today. Since then the Department of Agriculture · data as to six of the food commodities has published its reports of its holdings of which were held in storage by the Com I think that with any man with a record food as of September 30. The facts con-. of tha'i type, if we underwrite this bill, fained in the report reemphasize the vital modity Credit Corporation as of Octo we go into it in league with death ·and a 1mportance of such ap. investigation in fair ber 31, 1950, the date of the latest avail covenant with hell. · ness to the American taxpayers who are pay able report. · In view of the references The CHAIRMAN. The time of the ing increased taxes and who face even larger in the hearings Mr. RICHARDS. Mr. Chairman, I ii,bility to p~y. as determined by the Secre mittee on Public Lands of the House of Rep have no further requests for time. tary of the Interior in the light of their out resentatives or on a date prior to the ex standing repayment obligations, and which piration of such 60 days in any case in which The CHAIRMAN. The Clerk will read shall, to the fullest practicable extent, be each such committee approves an earlier date the bill for amendment. scheduled for return with their construction and notifies the Secretary, in writing, of such The Clerk read as follows: charge installments or otherwise scheduled approval; . and Be it enacted, etc., That this act may be as he shall determine. No such determina Whereas in a letter dated December 8, cited as the "Yugoslav Emergency Relief As tion of the Secretary of the Interior shall 1950, the Secretary of the Interior submitted sistance Act of 1950." become effective until the expiration of 60 to the Committee on Public Lands his find days after it has been submitted to the Com ings relating to the return of rehabilitation Mr. RICHARDS. Mr. Chairman, I mittee on Interior and Insular Affairs of the and betterment funds to be expended on the move that the Committee do now rise. Senate and the Committee on Public Lands El Paso County Water Improvement District The motion was agreed to. of the House of Representatives. The term No. 1, Rio Grande project, New Mexico-Texas; Accordingly the Committee rose; and "rehabilitation and betterment," as used in and the Speaker pro tempore (Mr. COOPER) this act, shall mean maintenance, including Whereas the Committee on Public Lands replacements, which cannot be financed cur has, in session with a quorum present, this having assumed the chair, Mr. Mc rently, as otherwise contemplated by the Fed day approved the findings of the Secretary SWEENEY, Chairman of the Committee eral reclamation laws in the case of opera of the Interior in these premises: Now, there of the Whole House on the State of the tion and maintenance costs, but shall not ·fore, be it Union, reported that that Committee, include construction, the costs of which are R~solved, That the Committee on Public having had under consideration t.he bill returnable, in whole or in part, through Lands give notice in writing to the Secretary