Disease Management Mitigates Risk of Pathogen Transmission from Farmed Salmon
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Downloaded from orbit.dtu.dk on: Sep 24, 2021 Disease management mitigates risk of pathogen transmission from farmed salmon Jones, S. R. M.; Bruno, D. W.; Madsen, Lone; Peeler, E. J. Published in: 17th International Conference on Diseases of Fish And Shellfish Publication date: 2015 Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Link back to DTU Orbit Citation (APA): Jones, S. R. M., Bruno, D. W., Madsen, L., & Peeler, E. J. (2015). Disease management mitigates risk of pathogen transmission from farmed salmon. In 17th International Conference on Diseases of Fish And Shellfish: Abstract book (pp. 50-50). [O-042] European Association of Fish Pathologists. General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. 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Picture front cover provide by Auditorium Alfredo Kraus 2 BOOK OF ABSTRACTS Contents KEYNOTES Conference Keynote 5 Keynotes 2-4 6-8 ORAL PRESENTATIONS Viruses and viral diseases I 9 Immunosstimulamts, prebiotics and probiotics 14 Parasitic diseases I 21 Fish and shellfish immunology I 28 Parasitic diseases II 34 Nutrition and fish health 44 Aquatic fish epidemiology 49 Fish and shellfish immunology II 57 Emerging pathogens I 64 Bivalve and crustacean diseases I 71 Viruses and viral diseases II 76 Host-parasite interactions I 83 Bivalve and crustacean diseases II 90 Bacterial diseases I 96 Bacterial diseases II 105 Diagnostics 112 Environmental and toxicological diseases 120 Diseases of tuna 124 Bacterial diseases II 128 Host-parasite interactions II 135 Aquatic animal welfare I 142 Viruses and viral diseases III 146 Emerging pathogens II 153 Aquatic animal welfare II 160 Diseases of public concern 163 Fish and shellfish immunology III 167 Bacterial diseases IV 174 Fish and shellfish immunology IV 180 Prophylaxis and treatment I 187 Viruses and viral diseases IV 194 Cephalopods immunity and diseases 201 Prophylaxis and treatment II 209 Diseases of wild and ornamental fish 211 Fish and shellfish immunology V 215 Host-parasite interactions III 219 POSTER PRESENTATIONS Viruses and viral diseases 225 Immunosstimulamts, prebiotics and probiotics 257 Parasitic diseases 261 3 Fish and shellfish immunology 280 Nutrition and fish health 318 Aquatic fish epidemiology 325 Emerging pathogens 337 Bivalve and crustacean diseases 348 EDQM 356 Bacterial diseases 358 Diagnostics 380 Environmental and toxicological diseases 390 Host-parasite interactions 400 Aquatic animal welfare 417 Diseases of public concern 419 Prophylaxis and treatment 423 Cephalopods immunity and diseases 431 Diseases of wild and ornamental fish 437 WORKSHOPS WS1 Arraina 445 WS2 Mendeley 446 WS3 Novel cyprinid viruses 447 WS4 EDQM 448 WS5 Fish health in Med. aquaculture, past mistakes and future challenges 449 WS6 Publish or perish - scientific publishing workshop 450 WS7 AGD 451 WS8 Moltraq 452 WS9 Industry roundtable TargetFish 453 AUTHORS’ CONTACTS 454 4 CKN Conference keynote CHALLENGING THE DOGMA SURROUNDING THE STUDY OF BACTERIAL FISH DISEASES B. AUSTIN Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK Since the late nineteenth century, the acquisition of pure bacterial cultures has been central to all facets of microbiology. Fish pathology is no exception insofar as the goal of disease diagnostics and research is the acquisition of pure cultures of the pathogen. The basic premise is that pathological material may be inoculated onto a solid (usually gelled with agar) or into a liquid medium with incubation for a pre- determined interval when individual cells of the pathogen will be cloned into dense culture growth, which will then be subjected to further study. However, the range of media used by fish bacteriologists is restricted, and often centres on tryptone soya agar/broth, brain heart infusion agar/broth and/or marine equivalents. Moreover, the incubation regimes may have little relevance to the growth conditions of the fish. However, the desired outcome is the presence of dense virtually pure growth, which is taken as indicative of recovery of the pathogen. Unfortunately at best, a snap shot of the disease is obtained, and it may not be possible to decide if only one organism instigated the infection, and then contributed to the development of overt disease signs. It is unlikely that culturing on a single occasion would identify microbial population succession within a disease cycle. Also, conventional techniques are unlikely to recognise when two or more discrete organisms working synergistically to produce a single pathology. This situation has been observed with ulcerative conditions in cyprinids when Aeromonas salmonicida and A. hydrophila/ A. sobria may be involved together, with the former instigating infection, and the latter leading to the developing of large ulcers. Certainly, it is realized that not all cells will multiply sufficiently to produce visible colonies. Some cells produce micro-colonies that are invisible to the naked eye. Moreover, the proportion of culturable cells that produce visible growth will vary according to the species and the state of the cells – are they actively growing or comparatively inactive? The latter have a poorer rate of recovery in terms of culturability. The next premise is that an individual colony is derived from multiplication of a single cell. Yet, it is realized that cells in close proximity to each other may multiply and come together to produce a single colony. Then, the resultant growth will most certainly be derived from more than one initial cell. This has greater relevance if the two initial cells are from two different species. Although it is generally assumed that streaking and re-streaking on fresh media will purify any culture, there is evidence for microbial consortia interacting to form what appear to be single pure cultures. Thus, seemingly pure cultures of purple-pigmented aquatic bacteria were recognized to contain cells of A. salmonicida. As so-called pure cultures underpin most of microbiology, it is relevant to understand that the culture does not necessarily contain clones of identical bacteria, but that there is a variation in the genetic potential of the component cells, i.e. the cells are not homogeneous. Certainly, many bacteria change rapidly upon culturing in the laboratory. Cells may become bigger and less active in the laboratory, i.e. genetic potential is lost. It is difficult to be sure if the changes reflect a loss of DNA or whether standard culturing methods select faster growing cells that are effectively not representative of the environment from which they were derived. 5 KN-‐2 AQUATIC VERSUS NON-AQUATIC HERPESVIRUSES: SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES A. VANDERPLASSCHEN Immunology-Vaccinology, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium The order Herpesvirales encompasses viruses that share structural, genetic and biological properties. However, members of this order infect hosts ranging from molluscs to humans. It is currently divided into three phylogenetically related families. The Herpesviridae family encompasses viruses infecting mammals, birds or reptiles. It is by far the most important, in terms both of the number of its members and the volume of studies that have been devoted to them. The Alloherpesviridae family encompasses viruses infecting fish and amphibians. And finally, the Malacoherpesviridae family comprises viruses infecting molluscs. Over the last decade, an increasing number of studies have been devoted to alloherpesviruses and malacoherpesviruses. Scientific interest in these viruses tends to originate from their impact on wildlife, the economic losses they cause to the aquaculture industry, or their importance as fundamental research object. In this talk, we will review the similarities and the differences existing between herpesviruses infecting aquatic and non-aquatic animals. 6 KN-‐3 WHAT’S NEW IN BIVALVE MOLLUSC PATHOLOGY? OVERVIEW OF ARTICLES PUBLISHED IN THE LAST TWO YEARS A. VILLALBA Centro de Investigacións Mariñas (CIMA), Consellería do Medio Rural e do Mar da Xunta de Galicia, 36620 Vilanova de Arousa, Spain This presentation is an overview of articles on bivalve mollusc