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Parasite Fauna of Paranthias Colonus (Valenciennes, 1846) from El Sargento, Baja California Sur, Mexico

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Parasite Fauna of Paranthias Colonus (Valenciennes, 1846) from El Sargento, Baja California Sur, Mexico Neotrop. Helminthol., 7(1), 2013 2013 Asociación Peruana de Helmintología e Invertebrados Afines (APHIA) ISSN: 2218-6425 impreso / ISSN: 1995-1043 on line ORIGINAL ARTICLE / ARTÍCULO ORIGINAL PARASITE FAUNA OF PARANTHIAS COLONUS (VALENCIENNES, 1846) FROM EL SARGENTO, BAJA CALIFORNIA SUR, MEXICO PARASITOFAUNA DE PARANTHIAS COLONUS (VALENCIENNES, 1846) EN EL SARGENTO, BAJA CALIFORNIA SUR, MÉXICO Margarita Mendoza-Cruz1, Isabel Valles-Vega1, Horacio Lozano-Cobo1, María del Carmen Gómez del Prado-Rosas1 & Pablo N. Castro-Moreno2 1Laboratorio de Parasitología. Departamento Académico de Biología Marina. Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Sur. Ap. P. 19-B. La Paz, Baja California Sur, México. CP. 23080. [email protected] 2Pronatura Noroeste AC. Marcelo Rubio s/n entre Cuauhtémoc y Sonora. Col. Pueblo Nuevo. La Paz, B.C.S., México. CP. 23060. Suggested citation: Mendoza-Cruz, M, Valles-Vega, I, Lozano-Cobo, H, Gómez del Prado-Rosas, MC & Castro-Moreno, PN. 2013. Parasite fauna of Paranthias colonus (Valenciennes, 1846) from el Sargento, Baja California Sur, Mexico. Neotropical Helminthology, vol. 7, N°1, jan-jun, pp. 13 - 28. Abstract Paranthias colonus (Valenciennes, 1846) is used as fish bait replacing first class fish that have been overfished in the Gulf of California. Due to its recent commercial importance, the parasite fauna of P. colonus from of El Sargento, Baja California Sur, Mexico is characterized to define its role in the life cycle of its parasites. 30 fishes were fixed in 4% formaldehyde for later examination. Helminths and copepods were treated with conventional techniques specific to each kind of parasite. P. colonus had 100% prevalence and 46.5 mean intensity of parasites. Adults of Pseudorhabdosynochus sp., Prodistomum orientalis, Brachyphallus sp., Lecithochirium sp., Spinitectus sp., Caligus sp., Pandaridae, and Hatschekia sp. and larevae of Tetragonocephalidae, Scolex pleuronectis and Anisakis sp. were found. There was evidence of host specificity of Pseudorhabdosynochus sp. and Hatschekia sp. by serranid fish. P. orientalis is reported for the second time. Hemiuridae are generalists so Paranthias has added to this host range. The presence of the metacestodes S. pleuronectis and Tetragonocephalidae indicates their role in Paranthias as intermediate or paratenic hosts because they are found in adult elasmobranches. Anisakis sp. and Caligus sp. are of wide geographic distribution and host range. Anisakis sp. is the only worm that poses a potential danger to public health because it causes anisakidosis. Members of the family Pandaridae are almost exclusive parasites in elasmobranchians and Paranthias is widely spread in its hosts. This work reports the first world record of hosts and localities of the studied materials. Keywords: Baja California Sur - Copepods - El Sargento - Helminths - Mexico - Paranthias. 13 Parasite fauna of Paranthias colonus from Mexico Mendoza-Cruz et al. Resumen Paranthias colonus (Valenciennes, 1846) es un pez usado como carnada que ha sustituido a los peces de primera clase que se han sobreexplotado en el Golfo de California. Debido a su reciente importancia comercial en este trabajo se caracterizó la parasitofauna de P. colonus en la localidad de El Sargento, Baja California Sur, México, para definir el papel que tiene en el ciclo biológico de sus parásitos. Se adquirieron 30 ejemplares se fijaron en formaldehído al 4% para su posterior revisión. Los helmintos y copépodos se trataron con las técnicas convencionales propias de cada clase de parásito. Se tuvo un 100% de prevalencia y 46,5 de intensidad media de parasitismo general. Pseudorhabdosynochus sp., Prodistomum orientalis, Brachyphallus sp., Lecithochirium sp., Spinitectus sp., Caligus sp., Pandaridae y Hatschekia sp. son adultos y Tetragonocephalidae, Scolex pleuronectis y Anisakis sp. son formas larvarias. Se evidencia la especificidad hospedatoria de Pseudorhabdosynochus sp. y Hatschekia sp. por peces Serránidos. P. orientalis en el presente trabajo representa el segundo registro. Los hemiúridos son generalistas por lo que Paranthias se agrega a este rango de hospederos. La presencia de metacéstodos de Tetragonocephalidae y S. pleuronectis en Paranthias indica su papel como hospedero intermediario o paraténico, debido a que en etapa adulta se encuentran en elasmobranquios. Anisakis sp. y Caligus sp. son de amplia distribución geográfica y rango de hospederos. Anisakis sp. es el único helminto que representa un peligro potencial para la salud pública por ser causante de Anisakidosis. Los miembros de la familia Pandaridae son parásitos casi exclusivos de elasmobranquios y Paranthias diversifica su rango hospedatorio. Finalmente, la parasitofauna del hospedero y localidad de este trabajo representan el primer registro a nivel mundial. Palabras clave: Baja California Sur - Copépodos - El Sargento - Helmintos - México - Paranthias. INTRODUCTION Comparan et al., 2008) y es capturada principalmente con línea y anzuelo, al igual que Paranthias colonus Valenciennes, 1846 es una Balistes polylepis Steindachner, 1876 y especie de Serránido de la subfamilia Caulolatilus princeps (Jenyns, 1840) (Cruz- Epinephelinae, que vive asociada a arrecifes se Romero & Espino-Barr, 2004). Sus hábitos distribuyen desde el Golfo de California hasta alimentarios indican que es un depredador Perú, incluyendo las islas Revillagigedo, carnívoro que basa su dieta principalmente en Galápagos, Clipperton, Cocos y Malpelo. En microcrustáceos destacando los ostrácodos y México se le conoce como viejita, mamey, indio, misidáceos, así como moluscos gasterópodos, coloradito, sandía, cadernal y crica. La talla de los cuales Natica sp. es el de mayor máxima reportada es de 360 mm de LT para las importancia (Flores et al., 2004). Randall (1967) costas de Colima (Espino-Barr, 2000); sin revisó el contenido estomacal de Paranthias embargo, en zonas cercanas a la Bahía de Paz, furcifer (Valenciennes, 1828), la otra especie Baja California Sur (BCS) se han registrado del género, y encontró que el 61,7% de su dieta tallas máximas de 674 mm de LT. Usualmente ha eran crustáceos, el 12,2% Salpas, el 11,9% sido utilizado como carnada, pero actualmente camarones, 3,1% anfípodos, 2,3% misidáceos y ha cobrado gran importancia comercial en las el resto, larvas de peces (8,8%). En el estado de pesquerías artesanales del noroeste de México Colima P. colonus es una especie ocasional que (Aburto-Oropeza et al., 2008). Es una especie aparece en un año y al otro no, por lo que al que no se encuentra en la lista roja de parecer, no tienen características estacionales ni International Union for Conservation of Nature anuales, su época reproductiva ocurre en julio y (IUCN) y NOM-059-ECOL-2001 (Chávez- octubre (Espino-Barr, 2000), en Jalisco se 14 Neotrop. Helminthol., 7(1), 2013 presenta en noviembre (Cruz-Romero & obtuvieron durante los muestreos mensuales del Espino-Barr, 2004) y en BCS el periodo de programa de recuperación y conservación de los desove se presenta de mayo a septiembre (Sala et recursos pesqueros del Golfo de California. La al., 2003; Erisman et al., 2010). Por su parte, muestra fue de 30 peces fijados en formaldehído Jiménez-Gutiérrez (1999) menciona que en BCS al 4% para su posterior revisión y obtención de la ha sido encontrada en altas abundancias en Isla parasitofauna en el Laboratorio de Parasitología Cerralvo durante los periodos fríos a diferencia del Área de Conocimiento de Ciencias del Mar, de los periodos cálidos en donde su abundancia Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Sur. A fue mínima. En Bahía Loreto ha sido registrada cada espécimen se le tomaron los parámetros en los meses de abril, julio y septiembre, siendo morfométricos: longitud total (LT), longitud este último mes el de mayor abundancia y patrón (LP), altura (A) y peso (g). También se biomasa relativa de los tres (Campos-Dávila et determinó la prevalencia de parasitismo e al., 2005). intensidad media de infección general y específica de acuerdo con Bush et al. (1997). Hasta el momento el parasitismo en P. colonus es desconocido, todos los registros son de la Los parásitos encontrados se identificaron especie P. furcifer donde se encontró a los mediante claves especializadas y fueron tratados tremátodos Prodistomum orientalis (Leyman, con las técnicas convencionales propias de cada 1930) Ward & Fillingham, 1934 y Opecoelus clase de parásito. En el caso de los monogéneos, mexicanus Manter, 1940 de la Isla Clarion frente digéneos y céstodos fueron montados en a Colima, México, Elytrophallus mexicanus preparaciones permanentes para su observación Manter, 1940 en la Isla Jaime y Lecithochirium en el microscopio compuesto. Los nemátodos y microstomum Chandler, 1938 de las Islas Carlos copépodos fueron montados en preparaciones y Jaime, México y de las Islas Galápagos temporales para su observación posterior. A cada (Manter, 1940; Yamaguti, 1971). También se parásito se les tomaron fotografías con la ayuda han registrado especímenes del isópodo de una cámara digital Olympus VG-130. Los Anilocra haemuli Williams & Williams, 1981 de parásitos se depositaron en la Colección la familia Cymothoidae en P. furcifer de Punta Parasitológica del Museo de Historia Natural de Betín, Colombia (Bunkley-Williams et al., la Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Sur 1999) y de la costa oeste de la India (Bunkley- (CPMHN-UABCS). Williams & Williams Jr., 1981). RESULTADOS En México, P. colonus es comúnmente usado como carnada y ha sustituido a los peces de primera clase que se han sobreexplotado en el Se revisaron
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