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Reseñas Investigación Reseñas ISSN 2314-3134 ASOCIACIÓN ARGENTINA PARA EL PROGRESO DE LAS CIENCIAS e Ciencia e CIReseñas Investigación Reseñas Nueva serie / Autobiografías de prestigiosos investigadores argentinos TOMO 4 N°2 - 2016 TOMO 4 Nº 2 SUMARIO 2016 EDITOR RESPONSABLE Asociación Argentina para el EDITORIAL Progreso de las Ciencias (AAPC) CUERPO EDITORIAL Editorial ........................................................................................................3 Juan Carlos Almagro Alberto Baldi Nidia Basso ARTÍCULOS Miguel A. Blesa Gerardo Castro Semblanza de Francisco E. Baralle por Alberto Kornblihtt .......................... 5 Eduardo Charreau Un viaje por la química y la medicina molecular Alicia Fernández Cirelli Francisco E. Baralle ...................................................................................... 7 Lidia Herrera Arturo Martínez Roberto Mercader Alejandro Wolosiuk Semblanza de Horacio R. Corti por Darío Goldfarb y Federico Svarc .........24 Juan Xammar Oro Fuera del equilibrio y disipando entropia Norberto Zwirner Horacio R. Corti .........................................................................................26 COMITÉ CIENTÍFICO ASESOR Sara Aldabe Bilmes (Química) María Cristina Añón (Alimentos) Semblanza de Oscar Enrique Piro por Eduardo Ernesto Castellano .............46 Miguel de Asúa (Historia y Filosofía de la Una visión personal sobre la relación entre estructura cristalina y Ciencia) molecular y las propiedades de los materiales Silvia Braslavsky (Química) Oscar Enrique Piro .....................................................................................48 Raúl Carnota (Matemáticas Aplicadas e Historia de las Ciencias) Juan José Cazzulo (Bioquímica) José Carlos Chiaramonte (Historia) Semblanza de Isidoro B.A. Schalamuk por Raúl R. Fernández .....................65 Eduardo Charreau (Ciencias Biomédicas) 50 Años de metalogenia e investigación de yacimientos Francisco de la Cruz (Física) Isidoro B.A. Schalamuk ...............................................................................67 Susana Finquelievich (Sociología) Gilberto Gallopín (Ecología) Víctor Ramos (Geología) Carlos Reboratti (Geografía y Hábitat) Semblanza de Mario Albornoz por Lucas Luchilo ......................................87 Edmundo Rúveda (Química) La gestión, entre la teoría y la experiencia Catalina Wainerman (Sociología y Educa- Mario Albornoz ..........................................................................................89 ción Superior) Roberto J.J. Williams (Materiales) SECRETARÍA TÉCNICA INSTRUCCIONES PARA AUTORES ...........................................................107 M. Gimena Blesa CIENCIA E INVESTIGACIÓN Primera Revista Argentina de información científica. Fundada en Enero de 1945. Es el órgano oficial de difusión de La Asociación Argentina para el Progreso de las Ciencias. A partir de 2012 se publica en dos series, Ciencia e Investigación y Ciencia e Investigación Reseñas Av. Alvear 1711, 4º piso, (C1014AAE) Ciu- dad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Teléfono: (+54) (11) 4811-2998 Ciencia e Investigación se publica on line en la página Registro Nacional de la Propiedad Intelec- tual Nº 82.657. ISSN 2314-3134. web de la Asociación Argentina para el Progreso de las Ciencias (AAPC) Lo expresado por los autores o anunciantes, www.aargentinapciencias.org en los artículos o en los avisos publicados es de exclusiva responsabilidad de los mismos. Asociación Argentina para el Progreso de las Ciencias COLEGIADO DIRECTIVO Presidente Dr. Miguel Ángel Blesa* Vicepresidente Dra. Susana Hernández Secretaria Dra. Alicia Sarce Tesorero Dra. Lidia Herrera Protesorero Dr. Gerardo Castro Miembros Titulares Ing. Juan Carlos Almagro Dr. Alberto Baldi Dra Nidia Basso Dra. María Cristina Cambiaggio Dr. Eduardo Hernán Charreau Dra. Alicia Fernández Cirelli Dr. Alberto Pochettino Dr. Carlos Alberto Rinaldi Dr. Marcelo Jorge Vernengo Dr. Juan Roberto de Xammar Oro Miembros Institucionales: Sociedad Argentina de Farmacología Experimental: Dra. Graciela Noemí Balerio. Sociedad Argentina de Hipertensión Arterial: Dra. Ana María Puyó AsociaciónSociedad Argentina de Investigaciones Argentina Bioquímicas: Dr. Luis Alberto Quesada Allué Sociedad Argentina de Microscopía: Dr. Raúl Antonio Versaci Unión Matemática Argentina: Dra. Ursula Maria Molter Miembros Fundadores Dr. Bernardo A. Houssay – Dr. Juan Bacigalupo – Ing. Enrique Butty paraDr. Horacio Damianovichel – Dr.Progreso Venancio Deulofeu – Dr. Pedro I. Elizalde Ing. Lorenzo Parodi – Sr. Carlos A. Silva – Dr. Alfredo Sordelli – Dr. Juan C. Vignaux – Dr. Adolfo T. Williams – Dr. Enrique V. Zappi AAPC Avenida Alvear 1711 – 4º Piso (C1014AAE) Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires – Argentina www.aargentinapciencias.org de las * EnCiencias uso de licencia EDITORIAL Ciencia e Investigación Reseñas se propuso recoger las historias de vida de destacados investigadores argentinos de 65 años o más. Con las cinco reseñas de este número, ya han quedado registradas 95 historias de investigadores que atravesaron la turbulenta historia argentina reciente. En algunos casos, especialmente aquellos que inmigraron a la Argentina de jóvenes, también fueron afectados por las turbulencias mundiales. Por una cuestión cronológica, en estas historias hay algunas, pero no muchas, visiones de la argentina de las décadas del cuarenta y del cincuenta. En cambio, repetidamente aparece la tristemente famosa “noche de los bastones largos” de 1966, hace 50 años. Esta semana se realizaron diversos actos de recuerdo y análisis de ese acontecimiento, que incluyó, por ejemplo, un reconocimiento a Mariana Weissmann por parte de los Ministros de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación y de Medios Públicos. Mariana es una de las autoras reseñadas en nuestro primer número. Lógicamente, el espanto de lo que aconteció a partir de 1974 superó con creces lo visto anteriormente, y esos hechos también aparecen reflejados en los artículos de nuestra revista. La situación cambió a partir de la recupe- ración de la democracia en 1983. Al margen de las fuertes fluctuaciones en la importancia que las sucesivas admi- nistraciones dieron a la ciencia y la técnica, las cazas de brujas a lo sumo tomaron la forma de discriminaciones embozadas al comienzo de la gestión del Presidente Menem. Ahora entramos en un debate que toma un cariz mucho más razonable. El cambio de signo político en la con- ducción del país vino acompañado por la continuidad de los equipos de ciencia y tecnología, y la confrontación de ideas toma la forma de distintas visualizaciones sobre cuán dependiente es la política científica del modelo socio económico. Yo personalmente creo fuertemente que el sistema de ciencia y técnica es indispensable para cualquier Asociación Argentina proyecto político, y que es un error atar el mismo a una determinada línea política. Al margen de las discrepancias, creo vislumbrar un fuerte consenso básico, sobre la necesidad de preservar, potenciar y aumentar las fortalezas logradas por el sistema durante el comienzo del siglo XXI. En este número incluimos la reseña de Mario Albornoz, nombre indisolublemente ligado con la cientometría (¡no confundir con cienciología!) y por lo tanto al diagnóstico del estado de la ciencia en nuestro país y en nuestra región. para el Progreso Horacio Corti nos cuenta su visión integradora de ciencia y tecnología que sirve para ilustrar los excelentes re- sultados que puede brindar la complementación y coordinación de las instituciones de nuestro complejo sistema de ciencia y técnica; esta coordinación es en buena medida todavía una asignatura pendiente. Oscar Piro nos introduce en el mundo de la física del estado sólido; él es uno de los pioneros de una cristalo- grafía vista como herramienta para resolver problemas de diversas disciplinas. También ilustra bien la complemen- de las Ciencias tación entre teoría y experimento en Física. 4 CIENCIA E INVESTIGACIÓN - RESEÑAS - TOMO 4 Nº 2 - 2016 Francisco “Tito” Baralle a su vez nos presenta la historia de uno de los muchos emigrados científicos que demos- traron la potencialidad de nuestros recursos humanos en los mejores laboratorios del mundo; su reseña nos pone en contacto con varios laureados con el premio Nobel, con Cambridge y Oxford en el Reino Unido, y con el Centro Internacional de Ingeniería Genética y Biotecnología de Trieste. Isidoro Schalamuk nos lleva al mundo de la geología, y concluye con reflexiones muy oportunas sobre la im- portancia que está tomando en la actualidad la comprensión del funcionamiento del planeta Tierra en cualquier programación científica. La irrupción militar de 1966 y sus consecuencias aparecen explícitamente en las reseñas de Albornoz, Baralle y Schalamuk, e incluso en la Corti, quien por edad no la vivió personalmente como universitario. Piro por su parte se refiere al tema con la muy respetable visión de un tozudo científico que no permitió que las turbulencias políticas lo apartaran de la exploración de las fronteras del conocimiento. Espero que disfruten de este número tanto como de los anteriores. Dr. Miguel Ángel Blesa Buenos Aires, 31 de julio de 2016. SEMBLANZA FRANCISCO BARALLE por Alberto Kornblihtt Mi semblanza de Francisco (Tito) A los pocos meses de haber acor- Baralle será predominantemente dado que solicitaría una beca exter- personal. Hablaré de mi maestro y na del CONICET para ir a Cambrid- amigo por más de 35 años, influen- ge, Tito me anuncia por carta (era ciado por el afecto y la admiración una era sin fax ni email) que su gru- que eso conlleva. Conocí a Tito en po se muda a Oxford y me
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