Appendix 4: Tintern - Gazetteer of Monastic Landscape Features (Case Study Area)

Home , Brockweir, Hewelsfield, Lancaut, Llanthony, Monmouthshire, Penterry

Appendix 4: Tintern - gazetteer of monastic landscape features (case study area)

Monastic holding or Name meaning (Mod E = Monastic holding or Grange or manor Location (including current HER entry NMR entry Date endowned and donor Held at Dissolution Notes Sources landscape feature name Modern English, OE = Old landscape feature containing the civil parish/ community and or earlier disposal (with variant spellings/ first English, W = Welsh) type feature county/ unitary authority, dates for these) and OS grid reference if known)

Abbey Ham (Lower and Abbey water meadows (ME) Field Brockweir St. Briavel's, Gloucestershire N N 1223; William Marshal the Not known Meadows alongside Wye in St. Briavel's parish, north of Brockweir. William Marshal the Younger Charter, 1223 Upper) (Riveham, 1223) (ST537036) Younger

Abbot's mill (Hewelsfield mill) Abbot's mill (ME) Mill Brockweir Brockweir, Hewelsfield, Y N Before 1270; not known Not known Corn mill built by abbey before 1270 at Hewelsfield alongside Brockweir Brook; Tidenham Enclosure Map, 1815; VCH Glos, Gloucestershire (ST546014) mill pond and dam, formed by part of Offa's Dyke earthwork (Mill Croft field 1972 below), below Mill Hill north of Brockweir hamlet. Also mill (probably post- medieval) in Brockweir village at postulated site of grange).

Brock weir (Brocwere, 1334) Weir by the brook (from broc) Fishing rights/ weir Brockweir Brockweir, River Wye, N N 1131; Walter de Clare Held at Dissolution Weir held by the abbey. William Marshal the Younger Charter, 1223; (OE) or Brockmael’s (personal Gloucestershire (ST539012) Calendar of Charter Rolls, 1307; Grant to Henry, name, W) river pool (from pwll, Earl of Worcester, 1536; List of the Lands of W), later Brockmael’s Weir Dissolved Religious Houses, 1540; 1st Edition OS Map, 1887

Brockweir Brook (Brokers Weir by the brook (from broc) Stream Brockweir Brockweir, Hewelsfield, N N Known as Brockweir brook by 1300, later became known as Harthill or Grange 1st Edition OS Map, 1887; Rees 14th Century Brook, 14th century; Grange (OE) or Brockmael’s (personal Gloucestershire (ST545015) Brook. Map, 1933; VCH Glos, 1997 Brook, 1726; Harthill Brook) name, W) river pool (from pwll, W), later Brockmael’s Weir

Brockweir Grange (Pull Weir by the brook (from broc ) Grange Brockweir Brockweir, Hewelsfield, Y Y 1223; William Marshal the Held at Dissolution Granted 'all its liberties, meadows, pastures, and other conveniences in our chase' William Marshal the Younger Charter, 1223; Brochuail, c620; Brocwere, (OE) or Brockmael’s (personal Gloucestershire (ST540012) Younger (farmed out) (1223). Created from northern part of Woolaston, boundary also partly delineated Valor Ecclesiasticus, 1535; Grant to Henry, Earl Brokwere, c1145; Brockewer, name, W) river pool (from pwll , by a wall. Some Tudor architecture in the village associated with the grange (e.g. of Worcester, 1536; List of the Lands of 1248; Brokewere, 1306; W), later Brockmael’s Weir Malthouse, Monk's House, Abbey House) and earthworks of field systems, ridge Dissolved Religious Houses, 1540; St. Briavel's Brockwer, 1535; Brockwire, and furrow and possible settlement in fields to south of modern village. Tithe Map, 1841; Woolaston Tithe Map, 1841 Brockwere, 1536; Brekeweire, Farmstead in upper part of grange in 17th century called Bayly. Field names of 1540; Brockwere, 1577; note: Broaken Ditch. Includes Yew Tree Headland opposite the abbey precinct. Breckwere, 1637; Brookweir)

Lyn weir (Lin Weir, 1695) Pool or pond weir (ME/W) Fishing rights/ weir Brockweir Lyn Weir, River Wye, Y N 1223; William Marshal the Held at Dissolution Weir held by the abbey. Adjacent woodland called Linwear Grove. William Marshal the Younger Charter, 1223; Monmouthshire (ST535004) Younger Calendar of Charter Rolls, 1307; Grant to Henry, Earl of Worcester, 1536; List of the Lands of Dissolved Religious Houses, 1540; Duke of Beaufort Estate Map, 1763; 1st Edition OS Map, 1887

Monk's Way (Causeway, Monk's path or route Trackway Brockweir Brockweir, Hewelsfield, N N Trackway from the abbey via Passage ferry to Brockweir grange. W.H. Thomas Tidenham Enclosure Map, 1815; Woolaston 1887) Gloucestershire (ST537004) (1839) referred to the Monks Path to Brockweir as ‘the British way’, implying an Tithe Map, 1841; 1st Edition OS Map, 1887 ancient origin. Passage Farm (Ferry Farm) Ferry (French) farm (ME) Farmstead Brockweir Brockweir, Hewelsfield, N N Possible out-farm of Brockweir grange, asociated with Passage Ferry across Wye Tidenham Enclosure Map, 1815; Woolaston Gloucestershire (ST533003) from abbey. Tithe Map, 1841; 1st Edition OS Map, 1887

Townsend Farm (Brockweir Farm at the end of the settlement Farm Brockweir Townsend Farm, Brockweir, N N Possibly site of Brockweir grange or part of grange infrastructure. Older part of Tidenham Enclosure Map, 1815; Woolaston Farm) (ME) Hewlesfield, Gloucestershire the farmhouse of sixteenth and seventeenth century origin. Tithe Map, 1841; 1st Edition OS Map, 1887 (ST540010)

Trackway from Brockweir to Possibly magpie way (from pye , Trackway Brockweir Brockweir, Hewelsfield, N Y Holloway with some evidence of metalled surface in parts. One of adjacent fields Tidenham Enclosure Map, 1815; Woolaston Modesgate (Pyes Way?) OE) Gloucestershire (ST542018) called Pyes Way. Tithe Map, 1841; 1st Edition OS Map, 1887

Little Meend (Whitewalls, Demesne land or home close Farmstead/ field Brockweir or Little Meend Farm, N N Brockweir or Modesgate grange demesne land south of Oakhill Wood, possibly Tidenham Enclosure Map, 1815; Woolaston 1838; Little Mean, 1841) (from main ) (ME) or land held in Modesgate Tindenham, Gloucestershire managed from a satellite farm (see Whitewalls below). Tithe Map, 1841; 1st Edition OS Map, 1887 common (from gemaene ) (OE) (ST566007)

The Old Road (Roods Old road (ME) Trackway Brockweir or Oakhill Wood, Tidenham, N N Line of trackway along northern edge of Lower Chase and Oakhill woods (corridor Tidenham Enclosure Map, 1815; Woolaston Ground, 1815; Roods Grove/ Modesgate Gloucestershire (ST554013) of abbey land connecting Brockweir with rest of Woolaston manor), possibly part Tithe Map, 1841 Old Rood, 1841) of route from Brockweir to Woolaston and the road to Gloucester. Appendix 4: Tintern - gazetteer of monastic landscape features (case study area)

Whitewalls (White Hollow) White stone wall or ruin (ME) or Farmstead Brockweir or Whitewalls, Tidenham, N N Post-medieval farmstead but possible location for farmstead for remote northern Woolaston Tithe Map, 1841; 1st Edition OS possibly originally Hwitan Heal Modesgate Gloucestershire (ST566007) part of Brockweir or Modesgate grange lands at Little Meand. White Walls field Map, 1887; VCH Glos, 1972 (white hollow) (OE) names nearby (1841). A pile of large boulders aside the lane to Whitewalls perhaps suggest an alternative origin of the name, referring to such boulders lime- washed and positioned to waymark through the open heath and wood-pasture of Woolaston common.

River Wye (Afon Gwy; Vaga) Crooked wandering hills (from River Brockweir/ N N Important resource for communications, transport and fishing. Several weirs, gwybiol or gwyr ) (W) Modesgate/ ferrys and quays on the river. Porthcasseg Abbey Road/ Abbey Gate Road/ gate to the abbey (ME) Trackway Modesgate Passage Grove, Tidenham, N N Trackway/ holloway from Passage ferry/ abbey up to Devil's Pulpit, passing the Tidenham Enclosure Map, 1815; Tidenham (Abby Road, 1815) Gloucestershire (ST545995) platform of Turks Meadow or Turks Ground (now woodland) to Abbey Gate (1755) Tithe Map, 1845; 1st Edition OS Map, 1887; and then across (now enclosed) Tidenham Chase south of the Modesgate VCH, 1972 boundary to Madgett Road (now Miss Grace's Lane).

Causeway Paved trackway (ME) Trackway Modesgate Caswell Wood, Tidenham, Y N Trackway/ holloway from Passage ferry/ abbey up through 'gate' in 'Offa's Dyke' Tidenham Enclosure Map, 1815; Tidenham Gloucestershire (538004) earthwork to Madgett Farm, with recorded marker stones. Possibly name of Tithe Map, 1845; 1st Edition OS Map, 1887 Monk's Path to Brockweir, see above?) Causeway Grove (Cass Well, Causeway (reference to either Woodland Modesgate Caswell Wood, Tidenham, N N Woodland bordering the Modesgate grange in which the abbey had substantial Tidenham Enclosure Map, 1815; Tidenham 1806; Causway Grove, 1815; trackway from Passage ferry/ Gloucestershire (538004) rights of access and resources. Tithe Map, 1845; 1st Edition OS Map, 1887 Caswell Wood, 1882) abbey to Modesgate or the dyke earthwork running along the top of the wood) (ME)

Devil's Pulpit Devil's pulpit (ME) Viewpoint Modesgate Passage Grove, Tidenham, N N Associated with legend related to the abbey. 1st Edition OS Map, 1887 Gloucestershire (ST543995)

Grange Chapel Chapel Modesgate Madgett Farm, Tidenham, N N Not known Not known Earthworks in Chapel Meadow near Madgett Farm, likely site of Modesgate Tidenham Enclosure Map, 1815; Woolaston Gloucestershire (ST554006) grange. Possible site of an unrecorded grange chapel. Tithe Map, 1841

Hook weir (Halswere, Originally 'half' weir? (ME) Fishing rights/ weir Modesgate Hook Weir, River Wye, Y N 1131; Walter de Clare Not held at Weir on which the abbey had fishing rights. Baddingswere (Baldingswere, 1223; William Marshal the Younger Charter, 1223; Halfwere 1223) Monmouthshire (ST543971) Dissolution Battingswere, 1334) associated with this weir but may be a different site? Calendar of Charter Rolls, 1307; Duke of Beaufort Estate Map, 1763; 1st Edition OS Map, 1887 Lippetts Grove (Lipiate Land with fence over which deer Woodland Modesgate Lippets Grove, Tidenham, N N Woodland bordering the Modesgate grange in which the abbey had substantial Tidenham Enclosure Map, 1815; Tidenham Grove, 1815; Lipyeat Grove, may leap but not sheep or cattle Gloucestershire (ST542002) rights of access and resources. Tithe Map, 1845; 1st Edition OS Map, 1887 1845) (from lipgate ) (OE)

Lower Chase Wood/ Beech Lower (Tidenham) chase wood/ Woodland Modesgate Lower Chase Wood/ Beech N N Woodland bordering the Modesgate grange in which the abbey had substantial Tidenham Enclosure Map, 1815; Tidenham Knoll hill of the beech wood (ME) Knoll, Tidenham, rights of access and resources. Tithe Map, 1845; 1st Edition OS Map, 1887 Gloucestershire (ST552013)

Madgett Hill (Madgett's Pen?) Named for Madgett (originally Hill Modesgate Madgett Hill, Tidenham, N N Land to north of Madgett Farm, part of additional land grant (perhaps land known Tidenham Enclosure Map, 1815; Tidenham Modesgate) farm (ME) Gloucstershire (ST547012) as Madgett's Pen, 'end or top of Modesgate land'). Tithe Map, 1845; 1st Edition OS Map, 1887

Madjett Road (The Lane, Road to Madgett Farm (ME) Trackway Modesgate Miss Grace's Lane, N N Routeway south from Modesgate to Woolaston and Beachley Severn crossing. Tidenham Enclosure Map, 1815; Tidenham 1815; Miss Grace's Lane, Tidenham, Gloucestrershire Tithe Map, 1845; 1st Edition OS Map, 1887 early 20th century) (ST553994)

Marker stones on trackway Marker stone Modesgate Passage Grove, Tidenham, N N through Passage Grove Gloucestershire (ST537003) Appendix 4: Tintern - gazetteer of monastic landscape features (case study area)

Modesgate Grange (Modiete, Possibly Modi's (personal name) Grange Modesgate Madgett Farm, Tidenham, 6033/ 6035 N 1131; Walter de Clare Held at Dissolution Granted 'the whole land of Modesgat, with all its appurtenants, and the pasturage William Marshal the Younger Charter, 1223; 1086; Modesgat, 1223; or meadow (from mad ) road Gloucestershire (ST551006) (farmed out) of all their cattle every where in our chase of Tudeham, and of the land of the Calendar of Charter Rolls, 1307; Valor Motesgata, 1307; Madgett, (from gatta ) (OE) above mentioned chase, to marl or meliorate the land of the said Monks; and of Ecclesiasticus, 1535; Grant to Henry, Earl of Upper Madgett, 1769; the underwood in the said chace, whatever shall be necessary for fuel, and to Worcester, 1536; List of the Lands of Dissolved Madjett, 1815) mend and plant hedges, and for other necessary uses of the farm' (1223). Religious Houses, 1540; Tidenham Enclosure Formerly a detached part of Woolaston manor and parish, boundary also partly Map, 1815; Tidenham Tithe Map, 1845; delineated by wall. Moore (1990) has interpreted the Tintern possession as the Woolaston Tithe Map, 1841 amalgamation of the two and a half hides of Modesgate in the hands of William of Eu and Roger de Lacy at Domesday. De Lacy’s land was initially given to Llanthony Priory but granted to Tintern during a protracted twelfth century dispute between the two houses. The half-hide held by Malmesbury Abbey in 1086, including the Plum weir and land known as Madgett’s Pen, remaining leased until the Dissolution. Additional 'twenty-eight (acres) are at Modesgate and run from the valley called Haselden to the grange of the monks' granted by Roger Bigod in c. 1285. Old farmhouse at Madgett, likely a successor to the original grange farm, was re-built circa 1820. Field names of note: Bargains (memory of common arable land around the grange later divided up by piecemeal enclosure or could refer to exchanged land ie additional land granted to grange?), Chapel Meadow, Cross/ Croys's Ground, Milking Piece, Ox Leaze, Monk Hazleton, Monks Redding, Roods Ground/ Grove. Extensive earthworks of possible prehistoric camp and/or medieval enclosures, field systems, lynchets around modern farmstead and neighbouring Beeches Farm (post-medieval farmstead). A probably apocryphal ‘local legend’ on the website of the modern Madgetts Farm tells of Marcher Barons meeting at the grange before their journey east for the signing of the Magna Carta in 1215.

Oakhill Wood (Oakall Wood, Oak hill wood (ME) Woodland Modesgate Oakhill Wood, Tidenham, N N Woodland bordering the Modesgate grange in which the abbey had substantial Tidenham Enclosure Map, 1815; Tidenham 1815) Gloucestershire (ST557007) rights of access and resources. Tithe Map, 1845; 1st Edition OS Map, 1887

Passage Grove Ferry (French) wood (ME) Woodland Modesgate Passage Grove, Tidenham, N N Woodland bordering the Modesgate grange in which the abbey had substantial Tidenham Tithe Map, 1845; 1st Edition OS Map, Gloucestershire (ST542996) rights of access and resources. Named for the Passage ferry across the Wye from 1887 the abbey.

Plumweir Grove (Plumwear Plum tree? weir wood (ME) Woodland Modesgate Plumweir Grove, Tidenham, Y N Woodland bordering the Modesgate grange in which the abbey had substantial Tidenham Tithe Map, 1845; 1st Edition OS Map, Grove, 1845; Plumbweir Gloucestershire (ST539996) rights of access and resources. Named for the Plum weir on the Wye. 1887 Grove, 1887)

Sheepcot (Madgett Barn, Sheep house (OE) Sheepcote/ Modesgate Sheepcot Farm, Tidenham, N N Possible site of Modesgate grange sheepcot. Adjacent fields and woodland: Tidenham Enclosure Map, 1815; OS Old Series 1830) farmstead Gloucestershire (ST549997) Sheep Cot, Sheep Cot Piece, Sheep Cot Grove (much larger than now on 1815 Map, 1830; Woolaston Tithe Map, 1841; 1st enclosure map). Edition OS Map, 1887

Shorn Cliff (Shone Clifts, Not known Woodland Modesgate Shorn Cliff, Tidenham, N N Woodland bordering the Modesgate grange in which the abbey had substantial Tidenham Enclosure Map, 1815; Tidenham 1806) Gloucestershire (ST542993) rights of access and resources. Tithe Map, 1845; 1st Edition OS Map, 1887

Stoney Steps (Rough Ground, Stone trackway (ME) Fields Modesgate Oakhill Wood, Tidenham, N N Area of assart, now part of Oakhill plantation. No visible remains of enclosures in Tidenham Enclosure Map, 1815; Tidenham 1845) Gloucestershire (ST552010) the woodland. Name perhaps relates to stony trackway from grange to road along Tithe Map, 1845; 1st Edition OS Map, 1887 the land corridor linking Brockweir with the rest of Woolaston manor.

Wall weir (Walwtre, 1223; Weir of or near the wall (ME) Fishing rights/ weir Modesgate Wall Weir, River Wye, Y N 1131; Walter de Clare Held at Dissolution Weir held by the abbey. Adjacent meadow called Walwear Mead. William Marshal the Younger Charter, 1223; Walwere, 1334; Walsweyre, Monmouthshire (ST539979) Calendar of Charter Rolls, 1307; Grant to Henry, Walware, 1536; Walwayer, Earl of Worcester, 1536; List of the Lands of 1540; Abbey weare, 1696; Dissolved Religious Houses, 1540; Duke of Wall Wear, 1763) Beaufort Estate Map, 1763; 1st Edition OS Map, 1887

Abbey Cross (Crose, 1698) Abbey cross (ME) Wayside cross Porthcasseg Tintern, Monmouthshire Y N On A466, turning to Tintern Parva village (not original location - is this Tintern (ST530007, not in situ) Cross?). Appendix 4: Tintern - gazetteer of monastic landscape features (case study area)

Abbey Mill (Angidy, 1223; Mill of the Angidy Brook (hybrid Mill/ industrial Porthcasseg Abbey Mill, Tintern, Y Y Before 1224; probably Walter Held at Dissolution Fulling mills and fishery (stank) on Angidy Brook' (1540), first recorded in 1224. William Marshal the Younger Charter, 1223; Angedy, 1536; Angedymylle, ME/ W) complex Monmouthshire (ST530003) de Clare Mill/ fish pond named the Stank, the Forge Pound (1763). Bridge carrying road Grant to Henry, Earl of Worcester, 1536; List of 1540) over the mill pond dam (1400). Possibly fed by leat providing drainage to main the Lands of Dissolved Religious Houses, 1540; abbey complex. Later an industrial complex including 'furnace, mansion house, Porthcasseg Manor Survey, 1651; Duke of iron forge house, furnace, timber coal house and coal yard, weigh house, store Beaufort Estate Map, 1763 house' (1651).

Abbey Orchard (Great Abbey orchard (ME) Orchard Porthcasseg Tintern, Monmouthshire N N Main demesne orchard at south end of abbey precinct. Grant to Henry, Earl of Worcester, 1536; Duke Orchard, 1536) (ST534998) of Beaufort Estate Map, 1763 Abbey Passage Ferry (Abbey Abbey ferry (ME, French) Ferry Porthcasseg Tintern, Monmouthshire Y N Watergate and slipway on west bank, ferry and east bank slipway with trackway William Marshal the Younger Charter, 1223; Ferry; The Passage, 1763) (ST533003) linking to routeways to estates in Gloucestershire. The ferryman in 1282, Henry le Duke of Beaufort Estate Map, 1763; 1st Edition Passur, was noted as carrying poachers out of the Forest of Dean, whilst in 1535 OS Map, 1887 the ferry keeper was paid £4 a year. Ferry became disused in 1920s.

Abbey Street Abbey street (ME) Trackway Porthcasseg Tintern, Monmouthshire N N Section of road along western perimeter of abbey precinct (joined by land routes Porthcaseg and Trelleck Grange Survey, 1651 (ST531000) in from the west and south) Angidy Brook (Angedy, 1223; Not known Stream Porthcasseg Angidy Valley, Tintern, N N Ancient northern boundary of Porthcasseg manor. Fed by three tributories: Angidy William Marshal the Younger Charter, 1223; Angetty, 1527) Monmouthshire Fawr, Fedw and Angidy Fechan. Rights to a mill on the brook 'and whatever they Porthcaseg and Trelleck Grange Survey, 1651; shall be pleased of that water to make and divert to their advantage' confirmed by Duke of Beaufort Estate Map, 1763; 1st Edition William Marshal the younger (1223). OS Map, 1887

Ash weir (Aswere, Ascaurewr, Ash tree weir (ME) Fishing rights/ weir Porthcasseg Ash Weir, River Wye, Y N 1131; Walter de Clare Held at Dissolution Weir held by the abbey. Adjacent field called Ashwear Meadow (Brockweir). William Marshal the Younger Charter, 1223; 1223; Asheweir, 1334; Monmouthshire (ST529003) Possible fish house (Ashweir House). Calendar of Charter Rolls, 1307; Grant to Henry, Asshwire, Ash weare, 1536; Earl of Worcester, 1536; List of the Lands of Asshewere, 1540; Tintern Dissolved Religious Houses, 1540; 1st Edition weare, 1696) OS Map, 1887

Blackcliff Wood (Black Clift, Black cliff wood (ME) Woodland Porthcasseg Blackcliff Wood, Tintern, N N Abbey wood in Porthcasseg manor. Referred to as 'Common of Portcassege' Porthcaseg and Trelleck Grange Survey, 1651; 1763) Monmouthshire (ST533984) (1651). Duke of Beaufort Estate Map, 1763; 1st Edition OS Map, 1887 Buckle Wood (The Buckall Shepherd or herdsman (from Woodland Porthcasseg Tintern, Monmouthshire N N Abbey wood in Porthcasseg manor. Duke of Beaufort Estate Map, 1763 Wood, 1763) bwchel , W) or buck (ME) wood (ST512002) (ME) Castle Hill (Blackcliff Wood Castle (ancient fort) hill (ME) Hillfort/ quarry Porthcasseg Castle Hill, Tintern, Y Y Oval banked and ditched enclosure, marked as 'camp' and 'fort' on OS maps. Duke of Beaufort Estate Map, 1763; 1st Edition Camp) Monmouthshire (ST529991) Adjacent fields named Castle Field (Castlefielde, 1651) part of Rudding grange. OS Map, 1887 Also Cae Qurry (1763), possible evidence that the earthworks were quarried or mined for iron-ore. Chapel Hill (Abbey Tintern, Chapel hill (ME) Settlement Porthcasseg Chapel Hill, Tintern, N N Settlement with shops and taverns around the precinct and in Chapel Hill and Porthcasseg Court Roll, 1451; Tintern Estate 1859) Monmouthshire (ST530002) Angidy Valley area by the fifteenth century. Jenkin Gwyneth recorded as building Accounts, 1568; Duke of Beaufort Estate Map, a new house on Chapel Hill (1451); reference to 'a vacant parcel of land called 1763 Chappelhill' (1568). Coloquially known as Abbey Tintern into the 19th century, perhaps from Welsh form Abaty Tyndyrn.

Church Grove (Chappelhill Small wood of the church/ chapel Woodland Porthcasseg Chapel Hill, Tintern, N N Abbey wood in Porthcasseg manor. Tintern Estate Accounts, 1568 grove, 1568) (ME) Monmouthshire (ST527998)

Coldwell/ Coldwell Wood Cold well (ME) or corruption of Well/ woodland Porthcasseg Tintern, Monmouthshire Y N Well alongside Stony Way above abbey, noted as water supply for the abbey. Duke of Beaufort Estate Map, 1763 (Coll Weel Grove, 1763) Welsh words? (ST533997) Abbey wood in Porthcasseg manor. Fairoak (Fayre Oak, 1651) Fair oak (ME) Farmstead Porthcasseg Fairoak Farm, Tintern, N N Area of probable medieval assarting and possible medieval farmstead, part of Porthcaseg and Trelleck Grange Survey, 1651; Monmouthshire (ST513990) Secular Firmary grange. 'Fair oak' a prominent place-name on communication Duke of Beaufort Estate Map, 1763 routes. Post-medieval farmstead with Grade II listed 18th century barn. 'Ruined cot' marked on 1763 estate map.

Gethin's Grove (Gethens Gethin (personal name, W) small Woodland Porthcasseg Gethin's Grove, Tintern, N N Abbey wood in Porthcasseg manor. Local surname with monastic links (Walter Duke of Beaufort Estate Map, 1763 Grove, 1763) wood (ME) Monmouthshire (ST511995) Gethin, abbey cellarer in the mid-fifteenth century, John Gethin, one of the monks at suppression, family of same name associated with Llantarnam Abbey; name of owner of Beaufort Arms used by visitors to the abbey in late eighteenth century).

Glyn Wood (Glyn, 1568; The Valley wood (W) Woodland Porthcasseg Glyn Wood, Tintern, N N Abbey wood in Porthcasseg manor. Tintern Estate Accounts, 1568 Glyn, 1763) Monmouthshire (ST517002)

Kilkerks Brook/ Well/ Wood Hermitage, retreat or corner (from Stream/ well/ Porthcasseg Ravensnest Wood, Tintern, N N Possibly related to the legend of St. Tewdrig's hermitage above Tintern. Duke of Beaufort Estate Map, 1763 (Kil-kerks, 1763) cil ), other element unknown (W) woodland Monmouthshire (ST510996) Appendix 4: Tintern - gazetteer of monastic landscape features (case study area)

Kilwethen (Cilwethyn, 14th Hermitage, retreat or corner (from Portion of land Porthcasseg Perhaps near Pont-y-saison, N N Medieval name for the upper part of the Angidy Valley (and possibly southern part Rees 14th Century Map, 1933 century; Kilwethenea, 1307; cil ), other element unknown (W) Tintern, Monmouthshire of Trellech Grange). Possibly related to the legend of St. Tewdrig's hermitage Trelech alias Cilvcithin, (STSO507003) above Tintern. Tryllegge alias Kylwetheny, 1704)

Laytons (Laytonfilde, 1568; Meadows (from leys ) (ME) Field Porthcasseg Tintern, Monmouthshire N N Enclosures occupying the northern part of the abbey precinct, also included the Tintern Estate Accounts, 1568; Tintern Estate Laitonfeild, 1579; Laitons, (ST532002) Lower Forge industrial complex Accounts, 1579; Duke of Beaufort Estate Map, 1763; Laighton) 1763 Limekiln Wood Wood containing lime kilns (ME) Woodland Porthcasseg Limekiln Woods, Tintern, N Y Abbey wood in Porthcasseg manor. Alongside Stony Way and just outside abbey Duke of Beaufort Estate Map, 1763; 1st Edition Monmouthshire (ST533997) precinct. Contains post-medieval limekilns (marked on 1763 estate map), and OS Map, 1887 quarry working (possibly used for abbey/ precinct construction?).

Linen Well/ Linenwell Wood Drinking or pool (from llyn , W) Well/ woodland Porthcasseg Linenwell Wood, Tintern, Y N Abbey wood in Porthcasseg manor. Original well located next to A466 main valley Duke of Beaufort Estate Map, 1763; 1st Edition (Lower and Upper) (Linnen well or well used for cleaning Monmouthshire (ST534986) road (site of modern construction). OS Map, 1887 Well) linen (ME) Liveoaks Grove (Livox Grove, Elm trees (from llwyfos or llyfos , Woodland Porthcasseg Liveoaks Grove, Tintern, N N Abbey wood in Porthcasseg manor. Duke of Beaufort Estate Map, 1763; 1st Edition 1763) W) wood (ME) Monmouthshire (ST545974) OS Map, 1887

Livox Farm (Porthslsywet, Elm trees or elm grove (from Farmstead Porthcasseg Livox Farm, Tintern, N N Area of assarted land, detached part of Ruding grange. Perhaps site of William Marshal the Younger Charter, 1223; 1223?; Ken Llevos, 1415; llwyfos or Llyfos , W) Monmouthshire (ST538975) Porthslsywet (possibly 'Wye ferry or harbour', W) fee farm in William Marshal the Porthcaseg and Trelleck Grange Survey, 1651; Livox, 1651; The Livox, 1763; younger's charter, this place name perhaps linked to the inlet at Worrow Gasseg. Duke of Beaufort Estate Map, 1763; 1st Edition Liveoaks, 1830) Farm buildings now demolished as modern Livox quarry has expanded. OS Map, 1887; Osborne and Hobbs, 1998

Livox Trough weirs (Trows Elm trees or elm grove (from Fishing rights/ weir Porthcasseg Livox Troughs Weir, River N N Weir at boundary of abbey's Porthcasseg manor, possibly used by the abbey. Duke of Beaufort Estate Map, 1763; 1st Edition Weir/ The Trows, 1763; llwyfos or Llyfos, W); trow is a flat- Wye, Monmouthshire OS Map, 1887 Liveoaks Trough Weir, 1861) bottomed boat used for trade (ST532969) along the river Wye (ME) Long Way Long way (from Tintern Abbey to Routeway Porthcasseg Tintern Abbey to St. Arvans, N N A longer but more level alternative route to the Stony Way, to and from the abbey Porthcasseg Manor Court Roll, 1437-1470; Duke St. Arvans) (ME) Monmouthshire (ST533984) from the south. First recorded 1437-1470. Includes sections of path ‘from Livox to of Beaufort Estate Map, 1763 Abby’, ‘from the Livox to the Reddans Farm’, 1763

Minepit Wood (Prassect, Iron ore minepits wood (ME) Mine workings/ Porthcasseg Minepit Wood, Tintern, Y N Linear iron-ore mine workings and pits in woods. Possibly site of 'Prassect' mine Porthcasseg Court Roll, 1698; Duke of Beaufort 1673) woodland Monmouthshire (ST529978) for supplying local iron-ore to wireworks at Tintern from late 16th century, with Estate Map, 1763; 1st Edition OS Map, 1887 possible medieval antecedents. Reference to Minepit Leaze (1698).

Old Abbey Meadows Meadows associated with the Field Porthcasseg Tintern, Monmouthshire N N River-side meadows immediately to the south of the abbey. Duke of Beaufort Estate Map, 1763 abbey (ME) (ST535997) Old Road to Abbey Trackway Porthcasseg Tintern, Monmouthshire N N Trackway from abbey to old Chepstow to Monmouth road at Fair Oak via Fermery Duke of Beaufort Estate Map, 1763 (ST520998) Grove (bounded by old wall); route traced as along disused holloways, footpaths and sections of lane. Old Road from Chepstow to Trackway Porthcasseg Tintern, Monmouthshire N N Part of old Chepstow to Monmouth road running from Fair Oak to Pont-y-Saison Duke of Beaufort Estate Map, 1763 Monmouth (ST508998) then up to Trellech Grange. Plum weir (Plumwere, 1223; Plum tree? weir (ME) Fishing rights/ weir Porthcasseg Plum Weir, River Wye, N N 1131; Walter de Clare Held at Dissolution Weir held by the abbey, part of Modesgate estate. Adjacent meadow and William Marshal the Younger Charter, 1223; Plumpwere, 1334; Plumwire, Monmouthshire (ST538996) woodland called Plumwear Mead and Grove. Calendar of Charter Rolls, 1307; Grant to Henry, Plumweare, 1536; Plumwere, Earl of Worcester, 1536; List of the Lands of 1540; Plumb Wear, 1806; Dissolved Religious Houses, 1540; Duke of Plumb Weir, 1887) Beaufort Estate Map, 1763; Tidenham Tithe Map, 1845; 1st Edition OS Map, 1887

Pont-y-saison (Pont-seison, Englishman's or Saxon's bridge Bridge Porthcasseg Cross Farm, Tintern, Y N Current bridge is post-medieval but at an ancient river crossing (recorded in 1675) Duke of Beaufort Estate Map, 1763 1913) (W) Monmouthshire (SO507003) on the old Chepstow to Monmouth road. Name perhaps reflects constructed by English workers or legendary site of battle between Tewdrig and the Anglo- Saxons. Appendix 4: Tintern - gazetteer of monastic landscape features (case study area)

Porthcasseg (agrum Mare's gate or gateway, or Manor Porthcasseg Porthcasseg, Tintern, N N 1131; Walter de Clare Held at Dissolution Granted 'the whole circumference, or quick-set hedge, of Porthcassek, and the William Marshal the Younger Charter, 1223; porthcassec, c693; villa de possibly mare's ferry or port (W) Monmouthshire water which is called Angidy; and from Angidy by Waya, as far as the grove of the Roger Bigod Charter, 1301; Calendar of Charter Portcassek, Porthcassek, fee farm Porthslsywet; and, on the other side, the covert of the Grove as far as Rolls, 1307; Valor Ecclesiasticus, 1535; Grant to 1223; Port Cassach, 1230-40; the valley which descends to the land of Pentir; and so from the valley, through or Henry, Earl of Worcester, 1536; List of the Port asse, c1291; Porcassec, over the mountain, as far as the fountain Achur, and so to Angidy' and 'And the Lands of Dissolved Religious Houses, 1540; 1307; ecclesia de Porth farm of ground cleared for tillage, with the farm houfe of Porcassek, and with all Duke of Beaufort Estate Map, 1763; 1st Edition casseg, c1348; Portkasech, the woods, tenements, and tenants, and their appurtenances' (1223); ‘The whole OS Map, 1887 1375; Portcassegg, 1402; boundary of quickset of Porcassek, and on the other side the covert of Grove, Portasseck, 1535; Porcassett, with all their appurtenances in wood and plain; and whatever they hold in Pentiry, 1536; Purcassett, 1540; of tenements, lands, rents, woods, and plains, with other their liberties’ (1301); 'All Parcassick, 1637; the hay of Porcassec and on the other side all the covert of the wood which goes Portcassege, 1651; Port up to the land of Pentir (Penterry)' (1307). Included the abbey site, vill of Cassegg, 1698; Portcasseg, Porthcasseg, Chapel Hill and Angidy Valley area. Outlying lands at Penterry, 1847; and other variations) Cophill, St. Mormet’s, St. Arvan’s, Howick, Landreston, Lancaut, Undy, St. Bride’s and elsewhere.

Porthcasseg (Porthcasseg Mare's gate or gateway, or Farmstead Porthcasseg Porthcasseg, Tintern, N Y 1223 charter includes 'the farm houfe of Porcassek'. Cae Funnon (well or spring William Marshal the Younger Charter, 1223; St House, 1845; Porth-gaseg, possibly mare's ferry or port (W) Monmouthshire (ST524981) field), immediately to north of the modern farm buildings has extensive Arvans Tithe Map, 1845; 1st Edition OS Map, 1887) earthworks, perhaps the site of the medieval manorial complex. Orchard in 1887 adjacent field now grubbed out; possible enclosure earthworks and possible lynchets to east of farm. Field names of interest: Court House Field (possible site of manorial court). Possible site of medieval chapel (not in the hands of the abbey). Transcribed, presumably incorrectly, on St Arvans tithe map as Penterry Farm. Farm buildings converted to business units.

Prior's Reach, 1887 Prior's stretch of river ((ME) Section of river up to Porthcasseg River Wye (ST526974) N N Name of section of river below Wynd Cliff. Monastic origin of name, perhaps 1st Edition OS Map, 1887 Worrow Gassegg relates to river access rights for Chepstow Priory? Ravensnest Wood (Coyd (originally) Abbot's wood (W) Woodland Porthcasseg Ravensnest Wood, Tintern, N N Abbey wood in Porthcasseg manor, name indicating particular link with the abbey. Porthcaseg and Trelleck Grange Survey, 1651; abbot, 1651; Coed-yr-abad; Monmouthshire (ST505998) Duke of Beaufort Estate Map, 1863 The Ravens Nest, 1763) Sheepcote Sheep house (OE) Sheepcote Porthcasseg Redans Hill, Reddings Farm, N N Probable location of manorial sheephouse indicated by Sheephouse (1651), Porthcaseg and Trelleck Grange Survey, 1651; Tintern, Monmouthshire (c Shepherds Closes (1763) field names within Ruding grange land. Duke of Beaufort Estate Map, 1763; Williams, ST535992) 1990

St. Mary's Church, Chapel Hill St. Mary's or St Andrew's church Church Porthcasseg Chapel Hill, Tintern, Y Y Parish church for tenants of Porthcasseg, first recorded 1506 and thought to be Bradney, 1993 (perhaps originally St. (ME) Monmouthshire (ST529002) constructed by the abbey. Stands alongside old road to abbey from Penterry and Andrew's or St. Andras, St Arvans via Fairoak. Medieval church rebuilt in 1866, redundant since 1972, Llanandras) gutted by fire five years later and now in ruin.

Stony Way (Stonywaies, Stone way (ME) Routeway Porthcasseg Tintern, Monmouthshire Y N First recorded in 1451; ‘the way leading from the abbey … which is called Stony Porthcasseg Court Rolls, 1451, 1506; 1579; Stony Waye; Stoney (ST532995) Way’ (1506). Main routeway south from abbey Great Gate to Monmouthshire Porthcasseg and Trelleck Grange Manorial Way, 1763; Rocky Lane, 19th holdings - links with Penterry Lane then Picadilly Lane down to St. Arvans, on to Survey, 1651; Tintern Estate Accounts, 1579; century) Lodeway passing Rogerstone Grange. Adjacent field named Stone Mead (1651), Duke of Beaufort Estate Map, 1763; Penterry Stony-way Meadow, Stoney Field (1763), Old Quarry (1844). Tithe Map, 1844; 1st Edition OS Map, 1887

Stow weir (Astandwere, 1223; Stone or place of assembly, Fishing rights/ weir Porthcasseg Stow Weir, River Wye, Y N 1223; William Marshal the Held at Dissolution Adjacent field and woodland called Stow Wear Meadow and Grove. William Marshal the Younger Charter, 1223; Stawere, 1334; Stowere, religious place (from stow ) weir Monmouthshire (ST536985) Younger Calendar of Charter Rolls, 1307; List of the 1579; Stow wear, 1763; Stone (ME) Lands of Dissolved Religious Houses, 1540; Weir, 1887) Duke of Beaufort Estate Map, 1763; 1st Edition OS Map, 1887

Stow weir House/ Piscatory Stone or place of assembly, Fish house Porthcasseg Stow Weir, Tintern, Y N Recorded as a ruin (1763, 1887, c 1920). Now an overgrown site with building Duke of Beaufort Estate Map, 1763; 1st Edition (Stowear House, 1763) religious place (from stow ) weir Monmouthshire (ST535985) stone remnants, possibly foundations, and a possible fishpond earthwork. OS Map, 1887 fish house (ME) Tanhouse (Triket?; Le Tanning house (ME) Tanhouse/ farmstead Porthcasseg Angidy Valley, Tintern, N N A farm near the monastery called Tanhouse' (1536, 1540). Presumably the Gilbert de Clare charter, undated; Taxatio Tanhouse, 1535) Monmouthshire (location not tannery first recorded at Triket, Angidy Valley, suggesting a site near the mouth of Ecclesiastica, 1291; Grant to Henry, Earl of known, possibly old the Angidy to the north of the abbey precinct. Granted ‘for their tannery all the Worcester, 1536 farmhouse - Stankhouses on bark of all the lower forest of Went from the wood sold there’, by Gilbert de Clare, 1763 estate map - opposite mid-thirteenth century. the mill, ST529003) Appendix 4: Tintern - gazetteer of monastic landscape features (case study area)

Tintern Abbey and precinct Royal or king's (from teyrn ) Abbey and precinct Porthcasseg Tintern Abbey, Tintern, Y Y 1131; Walter de Clare Held at Dissolution The precinct housed many ancillery buildings including brew-house, bake-house, Taxatio Ecclesiastica, 1291; William Marshal the (Dindyrn, Ryt tindyrn, Tindirn, fortress (from din ) (W) Monmouthshire (ST531999) guest-halls, stables (said to occupy the site that became the Beaufort Arms), Younger Charter, 1223; List of the Lands of c620; Tyndyrn; Tinterna, laundry-house, pantry-house, sewery-house; and industrial complex of lead and Dissolved Religious Houses, 1540; Tintern 1131; Tyntern, 1267; silver works. Other features included the outer Great Gate (with gaol above), Estate Accounts, 1568; Duke of Beaufort Estate Tanterna, 1291; Tinternam, inner gate (with abbey parlour and chamber above), cemetary, sections of Map, 1763 1314; Tynterna, c1348; precinct wall, Water Gate to the ferry crossing (to Passage Meadow on the Ecclesia de tynderna, late opposite bank of the Wye), St Anne's Chapel. A number of the claustral and outer 14thc; Tynterne, 1540; buildings were utilised as dwellings, small-holdings and orchards in the post- Tyntern, c1610; Tinterne, medieval period, including: le library, le cloyster, Laundryhowse, le pantryehowse, Tintourne, 1651; The Old le parke, St Annes chapel. Abbey, 1763)

Tintern Cross Tintern cross (ME) Wayside cross Porthcasseg Tintern Cross, Tintern, Y N No longer extant insitu. On old Chepstow to Monmouth road and marking Williams, 2001 Monmouthshire (ST507004) boundary of Trellech Grange lands with Porthcasseg manor, location indicated by modern place-name and nearby Cross Farm (and previously Cross Inn). Possibly the original location of the 'Abbey' cross in Tintern Parva village.

Tintern quayside Industrial centre Porthcasseg Tintern, Monmouthshire N Y Monastic quayside at the confluence of the Angidy and the Wye, later upgraded Porthcaseg and Trelleck Grange Survey, 1651 (ST530003) to meet transport needs of the wireworks with wharfs and a tidal dock constructed in 1693 (filled-in in 1996). Worrow Gasseg Mare’s (from casseg ) quarry River inlet Porthcasseg River Wye, Tintern, N N Natural inlet/ harbour below Livox farmstead and quarry. Field name – The Wharf Duke of Beaufort Estate Map, 1763 (from chwarel ) Monmouthshire (ST537970) and track to it called Tumbleing Way (1763), possibly used as a medieval wharf for Livox and Porthcasseg. Wyndcliff Wood (Wind Clift, Wye (or possibly windy or from Woodland Porthcasseg Wyndcliff/ Lower Wyndcliff N N Abbey wood in Porthcasseg manor. Referred to as 'Common of Portcassege' Porthcaseg and Trelleck Grange Survey, 1651; 1763; Wyndecliff Wood, gwynt , also wind, W) cliff wood Wood, Tintern, (1651). In 19th century, part of the wood was called Priest Wood. Duke of Beaufort Estate Map, 1763; 1st Edition 1887) (ME) Monmouthshire (ST533976) OS Map, 1887

Ruding Grange (the grange of Ridding or clearing of woodland Grange Ruding Reddings Farm, Tintern, Y N 1131; Walter de Clare Held at Dissolution Part of original grant of local land to the abbey and Porthcasseg manor. Centred Taxatio Ecclesiastica, 1291; Valor the Assart, 1291; Ruddyng, (from hryding ) (OE) Monmouthshire (ST532994) on the modern Redding Farm, the closest ‘home’ grange to the abbey precinct, Ecclesiasticus, 1535; Grant to Henry, Earl of 1535; Rudding, 1536; occupying a sloping shelf of land around the farmstead, with wood-pasture uphill Worcester, 1536; List of the Lands of Dissolved Rundynge, 1540; Rodinge, to Ruding Green and meadowlands below alongside the Wye, as indicated by the Religious Houses, 1540; Porthcaseg and Ruddings, 1651; Reddans, Redans Farm parcel on 1763 estate map. Possible medieval drainage system Trelleck Grange Survey, 1651; Duke of Beaufort 1763) noted; Other field names of note: Abby Leaze, Chepstow Leaze, Redans Hill, Estate Map, 1763 Redans Grove and Redans Meadow. The farmstead has a similar topographical position to Ruddings Farm, a grange of Bolton Abbey above the river Wharfe in Yorkshire. No visible or recorded sign of the medieval grange complex, probably overlain by later development of farm buildings.

Ruding Green (Rodinge A grassy spot, a permanently Field Ruding Reddings Farm, Tintern, N N Cleared land north of Porthcasseg farmstead alongside the Stony Way, part of Porthcaseg and Trelleck Grange Survey, 1651; Greene, 1651; Redans Green, green place cleared of woodland Monmouthshire (ST525988) Redans Farm parcel on 1763 estate map, probably worked from Ruding grange. Duke of Beaufort Estate Map, 1763 1763) (from hryding ) (OE) Fermery Grove Hospital (from infirmus ) wood Woodland Secular Firmary Firmary Grove, Tintern, N N Wood containing possible boundary wall and other features relating to Secular Duke of Beaufort Estate Map, 1763 (Latin/ ME) Monmouthshire (ST521999) Firmary grange (see below).

Ffynnon Arthur/ Arthur Grove Possibly personal name or Well/ boundary Secular Firmary St. Arvans, Monmouthshire Y N Possible boundary marker of abbey lands in Penterry parish (part of Secular William Marshal the Younger Charter, 1223; (Achur, 1223; Arthure grove, marvellous or strange (from marker/ woodland (ST518989) Firmary Grange). Tintern Estate Accounts, 1579 1579) aruthr ) (W) spring or well/ small wood (W) Appendix 4: Tintern - gazetteer of monastic landscape features (case study area)

Secular Firmery Grange Lay (from saeculum ) hospital Grange Secular Firmary Possibly at Firmary Grove Y N 1131; Walter de Clare Held at Dissolution Part of original grant of local land to the abbey and Porthcasseg manor. Thought Valor Ecclesiasticus, 1535; Grant to Henry, Earl (Secular Farmer, 1440; (from infirmus ) (Latin) (ST521999) or Penterry Farm originally to be the site of the external abbey infirmary. Fermery Grove woodland of Worcester, 1536; List of the Lands of Seculerie Fermery, Seculary (ST522997), Tintern, has been associated with the grange, contains old wall possibly delineating Dissolved Religious Houses, 1540; Duke of Fermery, 1536; Seculery Monmouthshire northern boundary of the grange (highlighted on the 1763 estate map), building Beaufort Estate Map, 1763 Fermeri/ Seculeri Firmeri, remains, earthworks and holloway track (old way from abbey to Fair Oak) running 1540) through the site (may include post-medieval squatter settlement). Grade II listed Penterry House (17th century fabric) above the grove is a possible site of the grange locus, from which land on the slopes of the Angidy valley, the Penterry plateau above and assarted land around Fairoak was managed. Chapel Meadow field name recorded nearby as suggesting a grange chapel (Williams, 1976) but this seems to relate to field beside Penterry Church 2km to the south and outside of abbey land and control. A deserted settlement site next to this church is another possible site for the grange complex. Despite being located directly next to abbey land, there is no documentary evidence linking the land around the church with the abbey or the suceeding Beaufort Estate.