Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth RESEARCH ARTICLE Crustal structure of southern Madagascar from receiver 10.1002/2016JB013565 functions and ambient noise correlation: Implications Key Points: for crustal evolution • The crustal structure is strongly correlated with the different 1,2 1,3 1 4 3 geological units E. J. Rindraharisaona , F. Tilmann , X. Yuan , G. Rümpker , J. Giese , • The Archean crust is thicker than the G. Rambolamanana2, and G. Barruol5 Proterozoic and a mafic layer forms the bottom of the Archean crust but is 1Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ, Potsdam, Germany, 2Institut et Observatoire de Géophysique Antananarivo, absent in the Proterozoic Université d’ Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar, 3Department of Earth Sciences, Freie Universitat Berlin, Berlin, • The lower crust has been removed 4 5 or thinned below the western Germany, Institute of Geosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany, Laboratoire GéoSciences Réunion, Morondava basin Université de La Réunion, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR CNRS, Paris, France Supporting Information: Abstract The Precambrian rocks of Madagascar were formed and/or modified during continental • Supporting Information S1 collision known as the Pan-African orogeny. Aborted Permo-Triassic Karoo rifting and the subsequent separation from Africa and India resulted in the formation of sedimentary basins in the west and volcanic Correspondence to: activity predominantly along the margins. Many geological studies have documented the imprint of these E. J. Rindraharisaona,
[email protected] processes, but little was known about the deeper structure. We therefore deployed seismic stations along an SE-NW trending profile spanning nearly all geological domains of southern Madagascar. Here we focus on the crustal structure, which we determined based on joint analysis of receiver functions and surface Citation: Rindraharisaona, E.