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Situation Analysis of the Hungarian-Croatian Border Region

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Situation Analysis of the Hungarian-Croatian Border Region SITUATION ANALYSIS OF THE HUNGARIAN-CROATIAN BORDER REGION Detailed analysis of the programme area, based on statistical data, presentation of static and dynamic situation of the programme area in comparison to national and EU averages and tendencies. CBJointStrategy Elaborating strategic programming and project documents for Interreg Programme between Hungary and Croatia for the period 2021-2027 Approved by the Programming Committee on 22 September 2020 Table of Contents List of Figures ............................................................................................................................. 3 List of Tables .............................................................................................................................. 4 1. Introduction .................................................................................................................... 5 2. Demography .................................................................................................................... 6 3. Spatial structure .............................................................................................................. 9 4. Economy and Innovation .............................................................................................. 12 4.1. General economic outlook ........................................................................................ 12 4.2. R&D and innovation .................................................................................................. 14 4.3. SMEs .......................................................................................................................... 19 4.4. Agriculture/food production ..................................................................................... 21 4.5. Industry and services ................................................................................................ 25 4.6. Tourism ..................................................................................................................... 27 4.7. Summary ................................................................................................................... 31 5. Environment, low-carbon & green perspective ............................................................ 32 5.1. Natural Resources ..................................................................................................... 33 5.2. Public utilities and waste management .................................................................... 35 5.3. Energy potential ........................................................................................................ 40 5.4. Summary ................................................................................................................... 44 6. Connectivity .................................................................................................................. 45 6.1. Digital connectivity .................................................................................................... 45 6.2. Railway infrastructure ............................................................................................... 46 6.3. Road infrastructure ................................................................................................... 47 6.4. Cycling ....................................................................................................................... 51 6.5. Aviation ..................................................................................................................... 52 6.6. Inland navigation ....................................................................................................... 53 6.7. Conclusions ............................................................................................................... 54 7. Social inclusion .............................................................................................................. 56 7.1. Labour market ........................................................................................................... 56 7.2. Education and training .............................................................................................. 58 7.3. Socioeconomic integration of marginalised groups ................................................. 61 7.4. Health care ................................................................................................................ 63 7.5. Summary ................................................................................................................... 67 1 8. Closer to citizens ........................................................................................................... 68 8.1. Cultural heritage in the border area ......................................................................... 68 8.2. Further elements of the tourism supply ................................................................... 69 8.3. People-to-people cooperation .................................................................................. 69 8.4. Territorial governance............................................................................................... 70 8.5. Application of integrated tools of territorial development ...................................... 71 8.6. Cross-border governance .......................................................................................... 73 8.7. Summary ................................................................................................................... 76 9. Conclusions ................................................................................................................... 77 2 List of Figures Figure 1: Population density of the counties within the programme area, 2019 ..................... 6 Figure 2: Population change in NUTS 3 county level from last census to 2019.01.01 .............. 7 Figure 3: Spatial structure of the Programme area: Cities, Functional Urban Areas (FUA) and towns ...................................................................................................................................................... 9 Figure 4: Density of settlement in the counties of the Programme area ................................ 10 Figure 5: Economic performance of the counties within the programming area, 2017 ......... 13 Figure 6: Economic trends of the past decade in the counties of the programming area ...... 14 Figure 7: Business enterprise research and development expenditure (BERD), % GDP ......... 15 Figure 8: Intramural Research and development expenditure (GERD) and intensity, % GDP 16 Figure 9: Tourism arrivals and nights in 2018 (only data of commercial accommodation in Hungarian side) ..................................................................................................................................... 29 Figure 10: Tourist overnight stay in the counties (CRO) and districts (HU) of the programming area (only data of commercial accommodation in Hungarian side) ..................................................... 30 Figure 11: The longest expeceted ranless periods in the Hungary-Croatia border area, in days, 10 years forecast. ........................................................................................................................ 33 Figure 12: Woodland as a percentage of land ......................................................................... 34 Figure 13: Protected areas of the Mur-Drava-Danube Biosphere Reserve. ............................ 35 Figure 14: Collected solid waste per 1000 inhabitant in the Programme area (tonnes), 2018 .............................................................................................................................................................. 37 Figure 15: Breakdown of total energy consumption in Hungary and Croatia (aggregated values), 2017 ......................................................................................................................................... 40 Figure 16: Breakdown of total energy supply in Hungary and Croatia (aggregated values), 2017 ...................................................................................................................................................... 41 Figure 17: Photovoltaic energy potential 2019. ...................................................................... 42 Figure 18: Temperature conditions of the Upper Pannonian thermal water layer. ................ 42 Figure 19: Geothermal potential map of the basement reservoirs, comparison of the temperature values estimated. ............................................................................................................ 43 Figure 20: Running of the Mediterranean TEN-T corridor in Croatia and Hungary. ................ 47 Figure 21: Mobility zones in the Croatia-Hungary border area. .............................................. 49 Figure 22: Location of border crossing point along the Croatia-Hungary border. .................. 50 Figure 23: Total passenger traffic (entry and exit) of permanent road border crossing points between Croatia and Hungary. ............................................................................................................. 50 Figure 24: EuroVelo routes (EuroVelo 6 and 13) in the border area. ...................................... 52 Figure 25: Inland navigation routes and port in Croatia. ......................................................... 53 Figure 26: Composition of cross-border traffic of vessels,
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